Normal pressure high viscous material reactor

Abstract

This invention discloses an atmospheric pressure reactor for high-viscosity materials, comprising a support assembly, a lifting device, a servo motor, a bath, a sealing and fixing assembly, a stirring assembly, and an electrical controller. The support assembly has a square sliding tube as its column, and the support rod is machined with a suitable slide rail, forming a support structure where the sliding tube is fixed and the slide rail drives the motor to lift and lower. The sealing and fixing assembly consists of a cover plate, a spring pad, and a bracket, enabling the sealing and fixing of the beaker and the directional recovery of volatile gases from the reaction. The stirring assembly has threaded stirring blades, and the servo motor achieves closed-loop control of the stirring speed via an encoder. This invention solves the problems of easy beaker rotation, uneven stirring, and uncontrolled speed in high-viscosity material reactions, improving experimental accuracy and operational safety. It is compatible with various reactor vessels and suitable for atmospheric pressure synthesis reactions of high-viscosity materials.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of chemical experimental apparatus technology, specifically to a reactor suitable for the synthesis reaction of highly viscous materials under normal pressure conditions. Background Technology

[0002] In chemical experimental teaching, chemical engineering, pharmaceutical and scientific research fields, chemical synthesis reactions involving the feeding of highly viscous raw materials or the generation of highly viscous products, especially polymerization synthesis reactions, often involve a continuous increase in the viscosity of the reaction system as the reaction progresses, even leading to agglomeration and clumping. If narrow-necked reactor vessels such as flasks are used, it is easy for the material to be completely removed after the reaction, affecting the accuracy of experimental data and causing significant waste of glassware. If straight-sided vessels such as beakers are used as reactors, existing experimental setups have many drawbacks: the reactor vessels are not securely fixed and may rotate synchronously with the stirring shaft; toxic and harmful volatile gases generated during the reaction cannot be recovered; the stirring uniformity is poor; the motor speed fluctuates uncontrollably with changes in material viscosity; the stirring components are prone to detaching from the motor; and excessive gaps in the connecting parts can cause the stirring blades to scrape the vessel, all of which seriously affect experimental results and operational safety.

[0003] Existing patent document CN120325117A and application number 2025103442261 (hereinafter referred to as the prior art) discloses a laboratory heating and stirring device. This device employs an insulated chamber for air heating, a lead screw motor to drive beaker lifting, and a blind-plug connection between the stirring shaft and the motor. While this achieves a certain degree of integrated heating and stirring, it still suffers from insurmountable technical defects when applied to reactions of highly viscous materials: the insulated chamber in the prior art is an open structure, allowing volatile components of reagents and products to be directly released into the atmosphere during the reaction, polluting the environment and posing a risk to laboratory personnel. This makes it unsuitable for applications involving formaldehyde and other volatile organic compounds. The synthesis reaction of toxic and harmful volatile substances; the specifications of the beaker holder and insulated box clearance hole in the prior art are fixed, which can only be used for beakers of a single size and cannot be used for reactor vessels of different capacities, let alone other types of reaction vessels such as flasks, thus limiting the applicable scenarios; the insulated box in the prior art is a closed and invisible structure, which makes it impossible to observe changes in the color and viscosity of the materials in real time during the experiment, and it is impossible to record the reaction progress and abnormal situations in a timely manner; the prior art only uses the elastic limiting element on the inner wall of the beaker holder to limit the lower part of the side wall of the beaker. When the reaction force of the highly viscous material on the stirring blade is greater than the clamping force of the elastic limiting element, the beaker is prone to rotate synchronously with the stirrer, and there is even a risk of tilting and tipping over. Summary of the Invention

[0004] In view of the above-mentioned defects in the existing technology, the purpose of the present invention is to provide an atmospheric pressure high viscosity material reactor, which solves the problems of unstable beaker fixation, poor stirring effect, lack of volatile gas recovery and narrow applicability in the reaction of high viscosity materials in the existing technology, and realizes safe, accurate, stable and efficient operation of atmospheric pressure reaction of high viscosity materials.

[0005] Technical solution

[0006] To achieve the above technical objectives, the present invention adopts the following technical solution:

[0007] A high-viscosity material reactor under normal pressure includes a platform assembly, a lifting and adjusting mechanism, a stirring drive mechanism, a heating mechanism, a reactor vessel fixing mechanism, a stirring assembly, and an electrical control mechanism. The platform assembly includes a platform, a column, and a support rod. The column is vertically fixed to one end of the platform by column bolts. The column is a square tube with a hollow inner cavity forming a sliding tube hole. The support rod has a right-angle bend structure, and its end perpendicular to the horizontal plane is machined into a slide rail adapted to the specifications of the sliding tube hole. The slide rail is inserted into the sliding tube hole and is vertically movable and locked to the column by the lifting and adjusting mechanism, forming a lifting support structure where the sliding tube is fixed and the slide rail moves vertically relative to the sliding tube. The stirring drive mechanism is a servo motor, which is fixedly installed at the horizontal end of the support rod and moves vertically synchronously with the support rod. The heating mechanism is a bath, which is fixed to the end of the platform away from the column. The upper opening of the bath... The bath is equipped with a welded ring plate with evenly distributed fixing holes. An electric heating element for heating water or oil is installed inside the bath. The reactor vessel fixing mechanism includes a cover plate, a spring pad, and a bracket. The spring pad is placed within the spring pad enclosure of the bracket. A threaded sealing post on the bracket passes through the corresponding sealing post hole on the cover plate and is tightened by a sealing nut. The assembled cover plate is installed in the fixing holes of the bath ring plate via its bottom fixing post and covers the upper surface of the bath. The spring pad has a flange support adapted to the beaker flange and a nozzle recess adapted to the beaker nozzle. The stirring assembly includes a stirring rod and stirring blades. The top end of the stirring rod is fixedly connected to the motor shaft of a servo motor, and the bottom end of the stirring rod is welded with a threaded stirring blade. The servo motor is equipped with an encoder for closed-loop control of the stirring speed. The encoder and the electric heating element are electrically connected to the electrical control mechanism.

[0008] The lifting and adjusting mechanism is a lifter, which includes a slot frame, gears, shafts, rotating wheels, locking wheels, and bearings. The inner hole of the bearing is a square hole. The center of the gear and rotating wheel is machined with square holes of the same specifications as the inner hole of the bearing. One end of the shaft is threaded, and the remaining part is cut into a square prism that matches the inner hole of the gear. The bottom two side walls of the slot frame are machined with bearing holes on the same axis. The gear that meshes with the gear plate on the support rod slide rail is placed in the slot frame. After the shaft passes through the bearing, gear, and bearing in sequence, the two bearings are respectively installed in the bearing holes on both sides of the slot frame. The rotating wheel is fitted onto the square end of the shaft and pinned. The locking wheel is screwed onto the threaded end of the shaft. The assembled lifter is welded and fixed to the column through the slot frame.

[0009] The cover plate is a circular plate with a container insertion hole for recovering volatile gases protruding from the plate surface in the central area of ​​its upper surface, a sensor insertion tube for detecting the temperature of the heating medium in the bath, a hollow bolt for fixing the thermometer for detecting the temperature of the material in the beaker, and a hollow bolt for the stirring rod to assist in fixing the stirring rod. It also has an observation hole and a light transmission hole flush with the surface of the cover plate. The sealing column holes are evenly distributed on the outer periphery of the central area of ​​the cover plate, and the fixing column is welded to the lower surface of the cover plate near the outer periphery.

[0010] The bracket includes an annular support plate, a cylindrical spring pad enclosure, and sealing posts. The spring pad enclosure is vertically welded to the upper surface of the support plate, and its inner diameter matches the outer diameter of the spring pad. The sealing posts are vertically welded to the outer perimeter of the spring pad enclosure, and their specifications and number correspond one-to-one with the sealing post holes of the cover plate. The area of ​​the support plate inside the spring pad enclosure serves as a spring pad support for the spring pad, and the inner hole of the support plate is a support ring hole that matches the specifications of the beaker.

[0011] The spring pad is a high-temperature and corrosion-resistant annular silicone pad. Its annular hole wall is divided into upper and lower parts. The lower part is a cylindrical spring pad hole perpendicular to the lower plane of the spring pad. The diameter of the spring pad hole matches the outer diameter of the beaker. The upper part is a self-springing spring pad hole. Its upper edge gradually expands outward to the flange support on the upper surface of the spring pad. The pointed tip is evenly distributed on the flange support. The upper surface of the flange support expands outward horizontally to the surrounding pad with a thickness equal to that of the spring pad enclosure.

[0012] The top of the stirring rod is cut into a semi-cylinder that matches the machining shape of the motor shaft of the servo motor. The semi-cylinder and the motor shaft are machined with external threads of the same specification. The stirring rod and the motor shaft are fixed together by tightening an extended nut to form a rigid connection structure.

[0013] The electrical control mechanism is an electrical controller, which is equipped with a heating temperature control area and an energizing time control area. The energizing time control area has a built-in time controller, which is used to automatically cut off the overall power supply to the reactor when the set reaction time is reached. The heating temperature control area has a built-in temperature controller, which is used to receive the signal from the temperature sensor in the bath and control the start and stop of the heating tube to achieve constant temperature control of the heating medium. The encoder is electrically connected to the electrical controller and is used to automatically correct the speed of the servo motor when the viscosity of the material changes, so that the servo motor always maintains a set speed and runs at a uniform speed.

[0014] The bathtub includes an inner tank, an outer cover, and an insulation layer. The inner tank is coaxially placed inside the outer cover. The insulation layer fills the space between the inner tank and the outer cover. The heating element is annular, and its terminals are sealed and fixed through a fixing plate at the bottom of the bathtub.

[0015] The sealing holes on the cover plate can be machined on circumferences of different diameters. By configuring spring pads and brackets of corresponding specifications, it can be adapted to beakers of different capacities. After removing the sealing and fixing mechanism composed of the cover plate, spring pads, and brackets, a ring cap, fixing clip, and flask clamp accessories can be added to adapt the flask for use as a reactor vessel.

[0016] Advantages of this invention: The purpose of this invention is to provide an atmospheric pressure reactor for high-viscosity materials, suitable for chemical synthesis reactions using beakers as reactors and employing high-viscosity raw materials or high-viscosity products. It is particularly suitable for some polymerization synthesis reactions. The beaker is placed inside a bath, providing better heat preservation compared to ordinary reactors, and is less expensive than using flasks as reactor vessels. This invention solves the problem that in some chemical reactions, when using narrow-mouthed reactor vessels such as flasks, using high-viscosity raw materials, or when the viscosity of the reaction system gradually increases as the reaction proceeds, the material adheres to the reactor vessel wall, making it impossible to remove the reacted material and affecting the accuracy of experimental data. This is especially true when investigating the effect of different feed ratios, reaction temperatures, and other conditions on the yield, where reactants may even clump together, resulting in significant waste of glassware. This invention also solves the problem of using straight-sided containers such as beakers as reactor vessels, which lack suitable experimental equipment and leads to the inability to recover volatile gases generated from reagents and products, causing environmental pollution and harm to operators. This invention solves the problem of poor experimental results and damage to numerous glasswares caused by unstable fixing of reaction vessels rotating at the same speed as the stirrer. It also avoids the problem of high viscosity and clumping of reaction products, which can lead to vessel loss due to difficulty in removal. Furthermore, this invention solves problems related to beaker fixation, recovery of generated volatile gases, and poor stirring, meeting the experimental requirements of high-viscosity reaction systems. Utilizing the standard flange and shape of the beaker's mouth, this invention employs a combination of a cover plate, spring pad, and bracket. The spring pad ensures tight contact with the beaker, and the bracket and cover plate provide a secure seal, fixing the beaker firmly to the underside of the cover plate. This ensures the beaker is fixed within the bath of this invention, reducing heat loss. Volatile gases generated during the experiment are recovered after flowing out through the vessel insertion holes on the cover plate, preventing the environmental impact of the volatile gases generated during the reaction. This invention solves the problem of reactor vessels rotating with the stirrer due to insecure fixing in ordinary clamps. Addressing the issue of poor stirring effect for highly viscous materials, this invention employs a spiral plate structure with threaded blades. Driven by a servo motor, the stirrer rotates, and the reactants are forced to flow within the gap between the blades and the beaker, increasing the contact opportunity between the reactants. The column uses a square tube as the sliding tube, and the support rod is machined into a matching slide rail to reduce the contact gap. The square structure prevents the support rod from rotating relative to the column, overcoming stirrer tilting and motor drooping, and avoiding the problem of the stirring blades scraping the beaker caused by motor drooping. This invention uses an encoder to control the speed of the servo motor. When the servo motor speed decreases due to increased material viscosity, the encoder automatically adjusts the servo motor speed; when the servo motor speed increases due to decreased material viscosity, the encoder automatically decreases the servo motor speed, ensuring uniform rotation at the set speed. This invention effectively reduces economic losses and environmental pollution caused by limitations in vessel conditions. Attached Figure Description

[0017] Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the structure of a reactor for high-viscosity materials under normal pressure;

[0018] Figure 2 is a cross-sectional schematic diagram of the installation structure of the reactor for high-viscosity materials under normal pressure;

[0019] Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of the installation and disassembly of a reactor for high-viscosity materials under normal pressure;

[0020] Figure 4-1 is a schematic diagram of the platform structure;

[0021] Figure 4-2 is a schematic diagram of the column structure;

[0022] Figure 4-3 is a front view of the support rod;

[0023] Figure 4-4 is a schematic diagram of the support rod from the left;

[0024] Figure 4-5 is a cross-sectional view of the installation structure of the column, support rod, and lifting device;

[0025] Figure 4-6 This is a schematic diagram of the assembly structure of the column, support rod, and lifting device;

[0026] Figure 5-1 is a schematic diagram of the bath pot shape;

[0027] Figure 5-2 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the bath.

[0028] Figure 6-1 is a schematic diagram of the cover plate structure;

[0029] Figure 6-2 is a schematic diagram of the main view of the cover plate;

[0030] Figure 6-3 is a top view of the cover plate;

[0031] Figure 7-1 is a schematic diagram of the ring structure;

[0032] Figure 7-2 is a top view of the support ring;

[0033] Figure 7-3 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the support ring;

[0034] Figure 8-1 is a schematic diagram of the elastic pad structure;

[0035] Figure 8-2 is a top view of the spring pad;

[0036] Figure 8-3 This is a cross-sectional view of the spring pad;

[0037] Figure 9-1 is a schematic diagram of the stirrer structure;

[0038] Figure 9-2 is a top view of the stirrer;

[0039] Figure 10 is a schematic diagram of the electrical control box;

[0040] Figure 11 is a circuit diagram of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0041] This invention discloses an atmospheric pressure reactor for high-viscosity materials, suitable for chemical synthesis reactions using beakers as reactors and employing high-viscosity raw materials or high-viscosity products. (See attached image) Figures 1-3 A platform is set up, and the column bolt 15 passes through the turning hole 104 and the column hole 17 to vertically fix the column 1 to one end of the platform 4. The bath pot 8 is fixed to the other end of the platform 4. The slide rail 303 of the support rod 3 perpendicular to the horizontal plane is inserted into the slide tube hole 101 and is movably fixed to the column 1 by the lifting device 2. The servo motor 5 is fixed to the horizontal end of the support rod 3. The bath pot opening 8 is welded with a ring plate 801 with evenly distributed fixing holes 802. The spring pad 11 is placed on the spring pad support 1204 in the spring pad enclosure 1202 of the bracket 12. The sealing column 1203 of the bracket 12 is inserted into the sealing column hole 703 on the cover plate 7 and tightened by the sealing nut 21. The stirring rod 601 passes through the stirring rod hollow bolt 702. The cover plate 7, which is equipped with the support ring 12 and the spring pad 11, is installed in the fixing hole 802 through the fixing column 704 and covers the upper surface of the bath pot 8. The stirrer 6 is fixed to the motor shaft 20 by the nut 18, the electrical controller 10 regulates the power-on time and the heating temperature of the reactor, and the servo motor 5 is controlled by the encoder.

[0042] The platform consists of a platform 4, a column 1, and a support rod 3. Figures 4-1 to 4-4 The platform 4 is a cuboid. A parallel, elongated, through-hole 17 is machined along the length of the platform 4 at one end. The other end is machined with bolt holes 16 with internal threads, the number of which and the specifications of which match those of the bolts 14. The column 1 is a square tube with an inner hole of a sliding tube hole 101. A circular fixing plate 103 is welded to the bottom end. The fixing plate 103 has a turning hole 104 with the same circumference. A gear notch 102 is located on the upper side. The gear 202 is placed in the gear notch 102. The lifting device 2 is welded and fixed on the opposite two sides. The support rod 3 is bent at a right angle. The vertical part is cut and machined into a slide rail 303 that matches the specifications of the sliding tube hole 101. The horizontal end is welded and fixed with an arc plate 302 for the servo motor 5. The outer side of the slide rail 303 is machined with a toothed plate 301.

[0043] The lifting device 2 is composed of a slot frame 201, a gear 202, a shaft 203, a rotating wheel 204, a locking wheel 205, and a bearing 206. (See attached image) Figures 4-5 to 4-6The bearing 206 has a square hole inside. The gear 202 and the rotating wheel 204 are machined into square holes that match the inner hole of the bearing 206. One end of the shaft 203 has a threaded outer circumference, and the remaining part is machined into a square prism that matches the specifications of the inner hole of the gear 202. Bearing holes 207 with vertical sidewalls and coaxial axes are machined on both sides near the bottom of the slot frame 201. The gear 202, which matches the gear plate 301, is placed in the slot frame 201, and the shaft 203 passes through the shaft in sequence. After bearing 206, gear 202, and bearing 206, the two bearings 206 are respectively placed in the bearing holes 207 on both sides of the slot frame 201. The rotating wheel 204 is fitted onto the square end of the shaft 203 and pinned. The locking wheel 205 is screwed onto the thread. After the gear 202 of the assembled lifting device 2 meshes with the upper gear plate 301 of the support rod 3 installed in the slide hole 101, it is welded and fixed to the column. The gear 202 is driven to rotate by the outer rotating wheel 204 and is tightened and fixed by the rotation of the outer locking wheel 205.

[0044] The bathtub 8 has a barrel-shaped structure, see Figure 5-1 , Figure 5-2 The lower end is sealed and welded to the center area of ​​the fixing plate 803. The inner tank 806 of the bath is coaxially placed inside the outer cover 805. The inner tank 806 of the bath and the outer cover 805 are filled with a heat insulation layer 807. The terminal of the circular heating tube 804 is sealed and fixed through the fixing plate 803. The upper end is welded with a ring plate 801 with evenly distributed fixing holes 802.

[0045] The cover plate 7 is circular, see Figures 6-1 to 6-3 The upper surface has a central area with commonly used vessel insertion holes 701 protruding from the plate surface, a sensor insertion tube 705 for measuring the temperature of the heating medium in the bath 8, a thermometer hollow bolt 706 for fixing the temperature of the reactants in the reactor vessel, a stirring rod hollow bolt 702 for auxiliary fixing of the stirring rod 601, and an observation hole 708 and a light-transmitting hole 707 that are horizontal to the surface of the cover plate. There are uniformly distributed through sealing column holes 703 of equal size on the outer periphery of the central area. The lower surface of the cover plate 7 is welded with fixing columns 704 near the outer periphery of the cover plate, and the specifications and quantity match the fixing holes 802.

[0046] The bracket 12 is composed of a support plate 1201, a spring pad enclosure 1202, and a sealing post 1203. Figures 7-1 to 7-3 The upper surface of the annular support plate 1201 is vertically welded with a cylindrical spring pad enclosure 1202 whose inner diameter is equal to the outer diameter of the spring pad 11. The outer periphery of the spring pad enclosure 1202 is vertically welded with threaded sealing columns 1203 of the same specifications and quantity as the sealing column holes 703. The part of the support plate 1201 located inside the spring pad enclosure 1202 is a spring pad support 1204 for supporting the spring pad 11. The inner hole of the support plate 1201 is a support ring hole 1205 that matches the specifications of the selected beaker 13.

[0047] The elastic pad 11 is a circular elastic pad, see Figures 8-1 to 8-2 Figure 8-3 The shape of the annular hole wall of the spring pad 11 is divided into upper and lower parts. The lower part is a cylindrical spring pad hole 1102 that is perpendicular to the lower plane of the spring pad 11. The diameter matches the outer diameter of the selected beaker 13. The upper part is a flange shape suitable for the beaker 13. It gradually expands outward from the upper edge of the spring pad hole 1102 to the flange support 1103 formed on the upper surface of the spring pad 11, which facilitates tight contact with the beaker 13 and improves the sealing effect. Different specifications of nozzle recesses 1101 suitable for the placement of the beaker nozzle are evenly distributed on it. The upper surface of the flange support (1103) expands outward horizontally to the surrounding pad (1104) with the same thickness as the spring pad enclosure (1202).

[0048] The stirrer 6, see Figure 9-1 , Figure 9-2 One end of the stirring rod 601 is cut into a semi-cylinder 603 that matches the shape of the motor shaft 20. The semi-cylinder 603 and the motor shaft 20 are machined with the same specification of thread. The two are tightened and fixed by an extended nut 18. The other end of the stirring rod 601 is welded with a threaded blade 602.

[0049] The electrical control box 10 is equipped with heating temperature and power-on time control areas, see Figures 10-11 In the power-on time control zone, when the reaction time reaches the set reaction time, the entire reactor for viscous materials under normal pressure is automatically powered off. In the heating temperature zone, the experimental set temperature is controlled. When the temperature inside the bath 8 is higher than the set temperature, the power supply to the heating element 804 is stopped. When the temperature inside the bath 8 is lower than the set temperature, the power supply to the heating element 804 is automatically turned on. The speed control is controlled by the encoder built into the servo motor 5. The control program is input into the servo motor 5. When the speed decreases due to the increase in material viscosity and falls below the set speed, the speed is automatically adjusted to increase to the set value. When the speed increases due to the decrease in material viscosity and rises above the set speed, the speed is automatically adjusted to decrease to the set value, ensuring that the servo motor 5 operates at the set speed.

[0050] The method of using a reactor for high-viscosity materials under normal pressure is characterized by operating according to the following steps:

[0051] For the installation of the atmospheric pressure high-viscosity material reactor, firstly, the column bolt 15 passes through the turning hole 104 and the column hole 17 to vertically fix the column 1 to one end of the platform 4. The slide rail 303 is inserted into the slide tube hole 101. After the gear 202 meshes with the upper gear plate 301 of the support rod 3, the locking wheel 205 is tightened to fix it. The servo motor 5 is fixedly installed on the arc plate 302. The electric heating tube 804 wire in the bath 8 is connected to the power supply terminal of the temperature control area of ​​the electrical control box 10. Following the order of bath 8 on top and heat sink 9 on the bottom, the bolt 14 passes through the through hole 19 of both and the ring washer 24 between the fixing plate 803 and the heat sink 9, and between the heat sink 9 and the platform 4, and is tightened into the bolt hole 16 at one end of the platform 4 to fix the bath 8 and the heat sink 9. The above installation process does not require disassembly except for maintenance. The spring pad 11 is placed on the spring pad support 1204 inside the spring pad enclosure 1202 of the bracket 12. The sealing post 1203 of the bracket 12 is inserted into the sealing post hole 703 on the cover plate 7 and tightened by the sealing nut 21. The nut 18 is pre-screwed onto the thread of the stirring rod 601. The stirring rod 601 passes through the ring hole 1205, the spring pad hole 1102 and the hollow screw rod 702 on the cover plate 7. The cover plate 7, equipped with the ring 12 and the spring pad 11, is installed in the fixing hole 802 through the fixing post 704 and covers the upper surface of the bath 8. The semi-cylinder 603 on the stirring rod 601 is aligned with the semi-circular opening of the motor shaft 20, and the nut 18 is tightened in reverse to connect and fix the stirring rod 601 to the motor shaft 20. Then, loosen the column bolt 15, rotate to adjust the angle of column 1, push and pull to adjust the distance between column 1 and bath 8, and adjust the axis of stirrer 6 to be on the common axis of the ring hole 1205, the spring washer hole 1102, and the stirring rod hollow bolt 702 on the cover plate 7. Tighten the column nut 15 to fix it. After the position of column 1 is fixed, no further adjustment is required except for maintenance. Screw the thermometer spiral retainer 22 with built-in sealing spring ring onto the thermometer hollow bolt 706, and screw the stirring rod spiral retainer 25 with built-in sealing spring ring onto the stirring rod hollow bolt 702. The observation hole 708 and the light transmission hole 707 are covered by the cover plate 23. Finally, connect the power plug of servo motor 5 to the power supply of electrical control box 10, and connect the temperature sensor line to the heating temperature control area socket of electrical control box 10 to complete the installation of the atmospheric pressure high viscosity material reactor.

[0052] For use in an atmospheric pressure high-viscosity material reactor, first loosen nut 18 to disengage the stirring rod 601 from the motor shaft 20, remove the cover plate 7, unscrew the sealing nut 21, and remove the bracket 12 from the cover plate 7. Then, place the weighed reagents required for the reaction into the selected beaker 13. The spring pad 11 and the bracket 12 are then fitted onto the outer circumference of the beaker 13 in sequence. The nozzle of the beaker 13 is placed in the nozzle recess 1101, and the flange bracket 1103 secures the beaker 13. The blades 602 of the stirrer 6 are placed inside the beaker 13, the stirring rod 601 passes through the stirring rod hollow bolt 702 on the cover plate 7, and the sealing post 1203 of the bracket 12 is inserted into the sealing post hole 703 on the cover plate 7 and tightened by the sealing nut 21. A heating medium of oil or water at a temperature higher than the required reaction temperature is injected into the bath 8. The cover plate 7, equipped with a bracket 12 and a spring pad 11, is then fixed to the bath 8 by inserting it into the fixing hole 802 via a fixing post 704. The semi-cylinder 603 on the stirring rod 601 is aligned with the semi-circular opening of the motor shaft 20. The nut 18 is reversed and tightened to fix the stirring rod 601 to the motor shaft 20. The spiral retaining ring 25 of the stirring rod, with a built-in sealing spring ring, is screwed onto the hollow bolt 702 of the stirring rod to ensure a seal while the stirring rod is rotatable. The locking wheel 205 is loosened, and the rotating wheel 204 is rotated to drive the gear 202 to rotate, causing the slide rail 303 to move up and down relative to the column 1 to adjust the height of the blade 602. Once the position is appropriate, the locking wheel 205 is tightened to fix it. Select appropriate glassware accessories such as distillation heads, condensers, and dropping funnels as needed, and install them in the common vessel insertion holes 701 protruding from the surface of the cover plate 7. Place the thermometer, passing through the thermometer spiral retainer 22 with its built-in sealing spring and the thermometer hollow bolt 706, into the reactants inside the beaker 13. Tighten the thermometer spiral retainer 22 onto the thermometer hollow bolt 706 to secure the thermometer. The observation hole 708 and the light-transmitting hole 707 on the cover plate 7 are covered by the cover plate 23. Turn on the main power supply K of the electrical control box, input the required reaction time on the timer display, and the controller starts the countdown while simultaneously energizing the power supply line. When the reaction time reaches the set value, stop supplying power to the temperature control instrument and encoder circuit. Input the required reaction temperature on the temperature instrument display, and supply power to the heating medium of the heating element 804 to heat the reaction system, continuously controlling the temperature as needed. Input the required rotational speed value on the encoder screen of the servo motor 5. The encoder adjusts the rotational speed of the servo motor 5 according to the input rotational speed value, ensuring that the servo motor 5 rotates at a uniform speed at the set speed.

[0053] The purpose of this invention is to provide a reactor for reactions of highly viscous materials under normal pressure. It is suitable for chemical synthesis reactions using beaker 13 as the reactor, employing highly viscous raw materials, or producing highly viscous products, and is particularly suitable for some polymerization synthesis reactions. In some chemical reactions, using narrow-mouthed vessels such as flasks and conical flasks as reactors, and employing highly viscous raw materials or reactions where the viscosity of the reaction system gradually increases as the reaction proceeds, materials adhere to the reactor vessel walls. This results in the inability to completely remove the reacted material, affecting the accuracy of experimental data. Especially when investigating the effects of different feed ratios, reaction temperatures, and other conditions on the yield, under immature conditions can even lead to agglomeration, causing the material in the reactor vessel to remain unremoved and resulting in significant waste of glassware. Furthermore, using straight-sided cylindrical containers such as beaker 13 as reactor vessels lacks suitable experimental equipment, leading to the inability to recover volatile gases generated from reagents and products, causing environmental pollution and harm to operators. Using existing experimental equipment combinations, numerous issues can arise during the reaction process, such as uneven mixing of reactants, loose or detached stirrer 6, motor speed variations due to the viscosity of the reaction system, and the reactor vessel rotating at the same speed as the stirrer 6 due to insecure fixation. These issues lead to poor experimental results and damage to numerous glassware. To address these problems caused by high viscosity and clumping of materials, this invention utilizes a beaker 13 as the reactor vessel. Compared to using a flask, the beaker 13 is less expensive and avoids the problems of high viscosity and clumping of reaction products, which can lead to vessel loss. The beaker 13 is placed inside a bath 8, providing better insulation than a conventional reactor. This invention also solves problems related to beaker 13 fixation, recovery of generated volatile gases, and poor stirring, thus meeting the experimental requirements for high-viscosity reaction systems. To address the issues of fixing beaker 13 and recovering generated volatile gases, this invention utilizes the standard flange and mouth shape of beaker 13, employing a combination of cover plate 7, spring pad 11, and bracket 12. The spring pad 11 ensures tight contact with beaker 13, and the bracket 12 and cover plate 7 are firmly secured, achieving a sealed fixation of beaker 13 to the lower surface of cover plate 7. The combination of cover plate 7, spring pad 11, and bracket 12, with beaker 13 configured, is fixed to bath 8 via fixing post 704 within fixing hole 802. This ensures beaker 13 is fixed within bath 8, and volatile gases generated during the experiment flow out through vessel insertion hole 701 on cover plate 7 and are subsequently recovered. To address the issue of poor stirring effect for highly viscous materials, the stirring blade 602 of this invention uses a spiral plate structure with a threaded shape. Driven by servo motor 5, the stirrer 6 rotates, and the reactants are forced to flow within the stirring blade 602 and the gap between the stirring blade 602 and beaker 13 under the pressure of the blade, increasing the contact opportunity between the reactants.To address the issue of poor contact and fixation between the set screw and the arc-shaped surface of ordinary cross connectors, which leads to the tilting of the stirrer and the scraping of the stirring blades against the reaction vessel, the column 1 of this invention uses a square tube as the slide tube, and the support rod 3 is machined into a slide rail 303 that matches the slide tube to reduce the contact gap. The square structure also prevents the support rod 3 from rotating relative to the column 1, thus overcoming the tilting of the stirrer 6 and the drooping of the stirring motor, thereby avoiding the problem of the stirring blades 602 scraping against the beaker 13 caused by the drooping of the motor 5. To address the issues of increased viscosity of the product leading to increased resistance in the reaction system and thus slower stirring speed when using highly viscous raw materials and dilutive reagents, and increased flowability of the product leading to decreased resistance in the reaction system and thus faster stirring speed, this invention selects a servo motor 5 as the stirring motor. The motor is driven by a servo driver. The core closed-loop control principle of the servo motor maintains a constant speed. The speed is set and held via a potentiometer connected to the analog input port of the servo driver. The control mode is set to speed mode in the servo driver parameters. The speed parameters are set according to experimental requirements. The encoder of the servo motor 5 regulates the rotation speed. When the speed of the servo motor 5 decreases due to increased material viscosity, the encoder automatically adjusts to increase the speed of the servo motor 5. Conversely, when the speed of the servo motor 5 increases due to decreased material viscosity, the encoder automatically adjusts to decrease the speed of the servo motor 5, ensuring that the servo motor 5 rotates at a uniform speed at the set speed. The sealing post hole 703 on the cover plate 7 of this invention can be machined on unequal circumferences, and equipped with corresponding spring pads 11 and brackets 12, making it suitable for beakers of different sizes such as 250mL, 500mL, and 1000mL. Removing the cover plate 7, spring pads 11, and brackets 12 to form a fixing and gas collection device, and adding multi-layered ring caps, fixing clips, flask clamps, and other accessories, it can also be used as a reactor vessel for flasks. To prevent corrosion from volatile gases generated during the reaction and the influence of reaction temperature, the cover plate 7 must be made of corrosion-resistant and high-temperature-resistant materials such as polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE). To improve gas recovery, the area within the circumference enclosed by the sealing column hole 703 can be made into a hemispherical shape during the processing of the cover plate 7. The spring pad 11 needs to be made of corrosion-resistant and high-temperature-resistant materials such as silicone with a certain degree of elasticity. While sealing the beaker 13 on the lower surface of the cover plate 7, it reduces the squeezing force between the beaker 13 and the cover plate 7 when the sealing column 1203 is firm, thus avoiding damage to the mouth of the beaker 13. The spring pad 11 is provided with multiple pointed nozzle recesses 1101 of different specifications to accommodate different beaker nozzle shapes. The surrounding pad 1104 increases the sealing between the spring pad surrounding 1202 and the cover plate 7. The cover plate 7, spring pad 11, and bracket 12 are combined to fix the beaker 13, and at the same time solve the problem of the reactor vessel rotating with the stirrer 6 due to the insecure fixing of ordinary clamps.The square slide tube of column 1 and the slide rail 303 of support rod 3 are configured to effectively reduce the connection gap, while also increasing the friction between column 1 and support rod 3 in relative motion. During use, attention should be paid to maintenance, and grease should be used to reduce friction and prevent rust and corrosion.

Claims

1. A reactor for high-viscosity materials under normal pressure, comprising a support assembly, a lifting and adjusting mechanism, a stirring drive mechanism, a heating mechanism, a reactor vessel fixing mechanism, a stirring assembly, and an electrical control mechanism, characterized in that, The platform assembly includes a platform (4), a column (1), and a support rod (3). The column (1) is vertically fixed to one end of the platform (4) by a column bolt (15). The column (1) is a square tube with a hollow inner cavity forming a sliding tube hole (101). The support rod (3) has a right-angle bent structure, and its end perpendicular to the horizontal plane is cut into a slide rail (303) that matches the specifications of the sliding tube hole (101). The slide rail (303) is inserted into the sliding tube hole (101) and locked vertically to the column (1) through a lifting adjustment mechanism, forming a lifting support structure in which the sliding tube is fixed and the slide rail moves vertically relative to the sliding tube. The stirring drive mechanism is a servo motor (5), which is fixedly installed at the horizontal end of the support rod (3) and moves vertically synchronously with the support rod (3). The heating mechanism is a bathtub (8), which is fixed to the platform (4). At the end away from the column (1), a ring plate (801) is welded to the upper opening of the bath (8). The ring plate (801) has evenly distributed fixing holes (802). The bath (8) is equipped with an electric heating tube (804) for heating water or oil. The reactor vessel fixing mechanism includes a cover plate (7), a spring pad (11), and a bracket (12). The spring pad (11) is placed inside the spring pad enclosure (1202) of the bracket (12). The threaded sealing post (1203) on the bracket (12) passes through the corresponding sealing post hole (703) on the cover plate (7) and is tightened by a sealing nut (21). The assembled cover plate (7) is installed in the fixing hole (802) of the ring plate (801) of the bath (8) through the fixing post (704) at its bottom and covers the bath (8). On the upper surface, the spring pad (11) is provided with a flange support (1103) adapted to the flange of the beaker (13) and a nozzle recess (1101) adapted to the nozzle of the beaker (13); the stirring assembly includes a stirring rod (601) and a stirring blade (602), the top end of the stirring rod (601) is fixedly connected to the motor shaft (20) of the servo motor (5), and the bottom end of the stirring rod (601) is welded with a threaded stirring blade (602); the servo motor (5) is equipped with an encoder for closed-loop control of stirring speed, and the encoder and the heating tube (804) are electrically connected to the electrical control mechanism.

2. The atmospheric pressure high-viscosity material reactor according to claim 1, characterized in that, The lifting and adjusting mechanism is a lifter (2), which includes a slot frame (201), a gear (202), a shaft (203), a rotating wheel (204), a locking wheel (205), and a bearing (206). The bearing (206) has a square hole in its inner hole. The center of the gear (202) and the rotating wheel (204) are both machined with square holes of the same specifications as the inner hole of the bearing (206). One end of the shaft (203) is threaded on its outer circumference, and the rest is cut into a square prism that matches the inner hole of the gear (202). The bottom two side walls of the slot frame (201) are machined with bearing holes (207) on the same axis. The gear (202) that meshes with the toothed plate (301) on the slide rail (303) of the support rod (3) is placed in the slot frame (201). The shaft (203) After passing through the bearing (206), gear (202), and bearing (206) in sequence, the two bearings (206) are respectively installed in the bearing holes (207) on both sides of the slot frame (201). The rotating wheel (204) is fitted onto the square end of the shaft (203) and pinned. The locking wheel (205) is screwed onto the threaded end of the shaft (203). The assembled lifting device (2) is welded and fixed to the column (1) through the slot frame (201).

3. The atmospheric pressure high-viscosity material reactor according to claim 1, characterized in that, The cover plate (7) is a circular plate. Its upper surface has a central area with a container insertion hole (701) for recovering volatile gases, a sensor insertion tube (705) for detecting the temperature of the heating medium in the bath (8), a thermometer hollow bolt (706) for fixing the temperature of the material in the beaker (13), and a stirring rod hollow bolt (702) for assisting in fixing the stirring rod (601). It also has an observation hole (708) and a light-transmitting hole (707) flush with the surface of the cover plate (7). The sealing column holes (703) are evenly distributed on the outer periphery of the central area of ​​the cover plate (7). The fixing column (704) is welded to the lower surface of the cover plate (7) near the outer periphery.

4. The atmospheric pressure high-viscosity material reactor according to claim 1, characterized in that, The bracket (12) includes an annular support plate (1201), a cylindrical spring pad enclosure (1202), and a sealing post (1203). The spring pad enclosure (1202) is vertically welded to the upper surface of the support plate (1201), and its inner diameter matches the outer diameter of the spring pad (11). The sealing post (1203) is vertically welded to the outer periphery of the spring pad enclosure (1202), and its specifications and quantity correspond one-to-one with the sealing post holes (703) of the cover plate (7). The area of ​​the support plate (1201) located within the spring pad enclosure (1202) is the spring pad support (1204) that supports the spring pad (11). The inner hole of the support plate (1201) is a support ring hole (1205) that matches the specifications of the beaker (13).

5. The atmospheric pressure high-viscosity material reactor according to claim 1, characterized in that, The spring pad (11) is a high-temperature and corrosion-resistant annular silicone pad. Its annular hole wall is divided into upper and lower parts. The lower part is a cylindrical spring pad hole (1102) perpendicular to the lower plane of the spring pad (11). The diameter of the spring pad hole (1102) matches the outer diameter of the beaker (13). The upper part is a flange support (1103) that gradually expands outward from the upper edge of the spring pad hole (1102) to the upper surface of the spring pad (11). The pointed recess (1101) is evenly distributed on the flange support (1103). The upper surface of the flange support (1103) expands horizontally outward to a surrounding pad (1104) with the same thickness as the spring pad enclosure (1202).

6. The atmospheric pressure high-viscosity material reactor according to claim 1, characterized in that, The top of the stirring rod (601) is cut into a semi-cylinder (603) that matches the machining shape of the motor shaft (20) of the servo motor (5). The semi-cylinder (603) and the motor shaft (20) are machined with the same external threads. The stirring rod (601) and the motor shaft (20) are tightened and fixed by an extended nut (18) to form a rigid connection structure.

7. The atmospheric pressure high-viscosity material reactor according to claim 1, characterized in that, The electrical control mechanism is an electrical controller (10). The electrical controller (10) is equipped with a heating temperature control area and a power-on time control area. The power-on time control area has a built-in time controller, which is used to automatically cut off the overall power supply to the reactor when the set reaction time is reached. The heating temperature control area has a built-in temperature control instrument, which is used to receive the signal from the temperature sensor in the bath (8) and control the start and stop of the electric heating tube (804) to achieve constant temperature control of the heating medium. The encoder is electrically connected to the electrical controller (10) and is used to automatically correct the speed of the servo motor (5) when the viscosity of the material changes, so that the servo motor (5) always maintains the set speed and runs at a uniform speed.

8. The atmospheric pressure high-viscosity material reactor according to claim 1, characterized in that, The bathtub (8) includes an inner bathtub (806), an outer cover (805), and an insulation layer (807). The inner bathtub (806) is coaxially placed inside the outer cover (805). The insulation layer (807) fills the space between the inner bathtub (806) and the outer cover (805). The heating element (804) is annular, and its terminals are sealed and fixed through a fixing plate (803) at the bottom of the bathtub (8).

9. The atmospheric pressure high-viscosity material reactor according to claim 1, characterized in that, The sealing post hole (703) on the cover plate (7) can be machined on circumferences of different diameters. By configuring spring pads (11) and brackets (12) of corresponding specifications, it can be adapted to beakers (13) of different capacities. After removing the sealing and fixing mechanism composed of the cover plate (7), spring pads (11), and brackets (12), ring caps, fixing clips, and flask clamp accessories can be added to adapt the flasks for use as reactor vessels.

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