A modular, actively load-bearing prefabricated composite reinforcement device and reinforcement method

Abstract

This invention provides a modular, actively load-bearing, prefabricated composite reinforcement device and method. The reinforcement device, used for reinforcing tunnels, includes: at least one reinforcement body connected to the surface of the tunnel to be reinforced. Each reinforcement body is a multi-curvature column conforming to the tunnel structure, comprising several substrates and compressive-resistant material. The substrates are connected by connecting components. Each substrate has a hollow structure, and the compressive-resistant material fills the cavities. An exhaust pipe is provided on the higher section of the substrate on the reinforcement body, and an injection hole is provided on the lower section of the substrate. When there are more than two reinforcement bodies, they are arranged parallel to each other along the axial direction of the tunnel at intervals. Several reinforcement bodies are arranged in a parallel, ring-shaped distribution along the circumferential direction of the tunnel structure's axis, and are spaced apart. Adjacent reinforcement bodies are connected by joints and force transmission rods, forming a grid-like overall structure that provides overall stability.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of tunnel reinforcement construction technology, specifically to a modular active load-bearing prefabricated composite reinforcement device and reinforcement method. Background Technology

[0002] Various structures and facilities traversing mountains, underwater, and underground tunnels undergo structural deformation due to years of use or changes in the external soil. With the increasing speed of trains and the growing trend of train development, the vibrations generated by heavily loaded and high-speed trains passing through tunnels cause the original design curvature of the tunnel structure to deform into multiple irregular curvatures, leading to a reduction in load-bearing capacity. Strengthening these operational tunnels in confined spaces with crisscrossing pipelines and equipment, small clearances, and short maintenance windows places extremely high demands on the material properties, ease of transportation, and construction efficiency. Current technologies mostly use steel reinforcement, requiring the removal of existing pipelines for construction and then their restoration. Furthermore, steel is heavy and bulky, making on-site handling in mountainous, underground, and underwater tunnels extremely difficult, especially given the high cross-sectional stiffness and difficulty in adjusting its geometric dimensions. The steel structure needs to be cut into sections before being transported to the site for welding. This results in some gaps and poor fit between the steel and the original tunnel structure, leading to instability and preventing immediate reinforcement. Furthermore, the poor fit causes inconsistent deformation, making it impossible to accurately monitor the continuous changes after reinforcement using steel structures. Additionally, the high temperature at the welding points prevents the release of thermal stress from thermal expansion and contraction, promoting hot cracking in the welds. Simultaneously, the high-speed vibrations of trains passing through the tunnel accelerate the formation of delayed cracks due to residual stress within the steel structure, increasing fatigue and corrosion and reducing strength. Furthermore, the high temperature during welding causes the anti-corrosion layer on the back side of the welded part of the steel structure facing the tunnel structure to be burned and damaged. Because it is blocked, it is impossible to reapply the anti-corrosion layer. At high speeds, trains traveling in the tunnel will cause stray currents from the high-voltage power grid to cause strong electrolytic corrosion to the steel structure. In addition, if water seepage or moisture is blocked by the large area of ​​the steel structure in the later stages, it will also cause serious corrosion. Furthermore, due to the high density of the steel, only a low-section steel plate can be used to fully cover the surface of the tunnel structure to meet the load-bearing requirements. In particular, if water seepage occurs on the covered surface later, it is impossible to plug the leak, resulting in corrosion and seriously affecting the service life. The full-coverage structural reinforcement also makes it difficult for inspectors to visually observe whether water seepage, cracking, and spalling damage will occur in the tunnel structure in the later stages. Currently, my country's trains are undergoing energy transition, using high-voltage power as their power source. The clearance between the high-voltage contact network, the train, and the original tunnel structure is small, and the steel profiles are not insulated, posing a risk of electrical breakdown. Therefore, using steel profiles for reinforcement cannot effectively control the stable load-bearing capacity and ensure the safety of operating tunnels. Summary of the Invention To address the technical problems of using structural steel for tunnel reinforcement, such as transportation difficulties, complex operation, poor fit with the original tunnel structure, poor stability, inability to obtain accurate data on changes after reinforcement, and short lifespan, unstable load-bearing capacity, and safety hazards caused by corrosion during subsequent use, this invention provides a modular active load-bearing prefabricated composite reinforcement device and reinforcement method.

[0003] In the modular active load-bearing prefabricated composite reinforcement device provided by the present invention, the reinforcement device is used to reinforce tunnels and includes: at least one reinforcement body, the reinforcement body being connected to the surface of the tunnel to be reinforced, wherein the reinforcement body is a multi-curvature column with a contoured tunnel structure, including several bases and compressive-resistant materials, the bases being connected by connecting components, the base having a cavity structure, the compressive-resistant materials filling the cavity of the base, an exhaust pipe being provided on the base at the high position on the reinforcement body, and an injection hole being provided on the base at the low position on the reinforcement body, when the number of reinforcement bodies exceeds two, the reinforcement bodies are arranged parallel to each other at intervals along the axial direction of the tunnel.

[0004] Furthermore, the modular active load-bearing prefabricated composite reinforcement device provided by the present invention may also have the following features: two adjacent reinforcement bodies are connected by a joint and a force transmission rod, the joint is engaged on the outside of the body and connected to the tunnel by an anchor bolt, and the two ends of the force transmission rod are respectively connected to the joints on the two adjacent reinforcement bodies.

[0005] Furthermore, the modular active load-bearing prefabricated composite reinforcement device provided by the present invention may also have the following features: the joint is a cross-triangular combination joint, the cross-triangular combination joint is provided with a groove, the groove is engaged with the outside of the reinforcement body, the outside of the groove is provided with a triangular connecting area, the triangular connecting area is provided with a connecting hole, and the triangular connecting area is connected to the force transmission rod; or, the joint is a cross joint, the cross joint is provided with a groove, the groove is engaged with the outside of the reinforcement body, the outside of the groove is a parallel connecting area, the parallel connecting area is provided with a connecting hole, and the parallel connecting area is connected to the force transmission rod.

[0006] Furthermore, the modular active load-bearing prefabricated composite reinforcement device provided by the present invention may also have the following features: the connecting component includes an inner pipe and a channel plate, the two ends of the inner pipe are respectively inserted into the cavities of two adjacent substrates, the channel plate is wrapped around the outside of the two adjacent substrates, and is connected to the substrates by anchor bolts.

[0007] Furthermore, the modular active load-bearing prefabricated composite reinforcement device provided by the present invention may also have the following features: the bottom plate of the trough plate is provided with anchor bolt holes, and the anchor bolts pass through the base and connect to the tunnel; the side plate of the trough plate is provided with screw holes, and the screws pass through the side of the base and connect to the base; the axial section of the inner pipe is one of rectangle, square or trapezoid, and the radial section is one of rectangle, trapezoid or arc.

[0008] Furthermore, the modular active load-bearing prefabricated composite reinforcement device provided by the present invention may also have the following features: the outer side of the matrix is ​​also wrapped with a reinforcement, the reinforcement comprising at least one layer of axial fiber and one layer of circumferential fiber, the axial fiber being wound sequentially around the outer side of several matrices along the axial direction of the matrix, and the circumferential fiber being wound circumferentially around the outer side of the axial fiber along the axial direction of the matrix.

[0009] Furthermore, the modular active load-bearing prefabricated composite reinforcement device provided by the present invention may also have the following features: the base is a tubular column with multiple curvatures along the axial direction, composed of one or more curves with different curvatures or curves and straight lines smoothly connected, and anchor bolt holes are opened on the base, the anchor bolt holes pass through the reinforcement, and the base is connected to the tunnel through the anchor bolts passing through the anchor bolt holes.

[0010] Furthermore, the modular active load-bearing prefabricated composite reinforcement device provided by the present invention may also have the following features: a guide tube of the same diameter is provided in the anchor bolt hole, the port of the guide tube of the same diameter is flush with the anchor bolt hole and connected to the outside of the substrate; or, an expanded port guide tube is provided in the anchor bolt hole, the port of the expanded port guide tube extends out of the outside of the anchor bolt hole and is folded down to cover the outer edge of the anchor bolt hole.

[0011] Furthermore, the modular active load-bearing prefabricated composite reinforcement device provided by the present invention may also have the following characteristics: the high-position section is located at the upper part of the arc-shaped positive and negative bending moment transition zone on the left and right shoulders of the tunnel's axial section, and the low-position section is located at the lower part of the arc-shaped positive and negative bending moment transition zone on the left and right shoulders of the tunnel's axial section.

[0012] Furthermore, the modular active load-bearing prefabricated composite reinforcement device provided by the present invention may also have the following feature: the outer side of the reinforcement is coated with a functional coating, which includes one or more of the following: an insulating layer, a fireproof layer, an anti-corrosion layer, and a polyurethane layer.

[0013] Furthermore, the modular active load-bearing prefabricated composite reinforcement device provided by the present invention may also have the following feature: the surface of the tunnel to be reinforced is coated with an adhesive layer, and the surface to be reinforced is connected to the reinforcement body through the adhesive layer.

[0014] Furthermore, the modular active load-bearing prefabricated composite reinforcement device provided by the present invention may also have the following feature: a sensor is also provided on the reinforcement body, and the sensor is located on the inner side of the base or suspended on the outer side of the reinforcement body.

[0015] In addition, the present invention also provides an installation and reinforcement method for the above-mentioned modular active load-bearing prefabricated composite reinforcement device, comprising the following steps: Preliminary cleaning of the inner surface of the tunnel to be reinforced; Adhesive was applied to the inner side of the tunnel, the outer side of the high section of the reinforced body, and the outer side of the low section of the reinforced body, respectively. The high section of the reinforced body is first glued to the inner side of the tunnel, and then the high section is connected to the tunnel structure with anchor bolts. The lower section of the reinforced body is then connected to both sides of the higher section via a connecting structure, and the lower section is then connected to the inner side of the tunnel via glue and anchor bolts. Install sensors on the reinforced body; The compressive material is injected into the matrix from the injection hole on the lower section of the reinforced body until the compressive material is discharged from the exhaust pipe of the upper section, thus completing the injection process. Once the pressure-resistant material and adhesive have cured, the reinforcement is complete. When tunnel reinforcement requires the use of more than two reinforcement bodies, the reinforcement bodies are arranged parallel to each other along the axial direction of the tunnel at intervals, and then the two ends of the force transmission rod are respectively connected to the joints on the two adjacent reinforcement bodies.

[0016] The sensor is fixed to the outside or inside of the reinforced body.

[0017] Compared with the prior art, this application has the following technical effects: The modular active load-bearing prefabricated composite reinforcement device of this application uses a reinforcement body to reinforce the tunnel. The reinforcement body is a multi-curvature column that mimics the tunnel structure. While reinforcing, the multi-curvature characteristics of the column are used to cope with the structural deformation of the tunnel during use, so that it maintains a high degree of fit with the reinforcement surface inside the tunnel, thereby forming a stable tunnel reinforcement device with good stress resistance and active load-bearing capacity with the tunnel structure.

[0018] Furthermore, several reinforcing bodies are arranged in a parallel, ring-shaped distribution along the circumferential direction of the tunnel structure's axis, with spacing between them. Adjacent reinforcing bodies are connected by joints and force transmission rods, ensuring both reinforcement strength and maintaining the stability of force transmission between the reinforcing bodies using the force transmission rods. This allows anchor bolts to connect with the tunnel structure to form a grid-like integral structure, providing overall stability. The advantages of this grid structure include: uniform and efficient force distribution, high load-bearing capacity, lightweight design, high material utilization, strong spatial adaptability, and good resistance to deformation, shear, and structural stability. It also allows for the prefabrication of standardized components for on-site assembly, facilitating construction and enhancing the overall structural load-bearing capacity and stability.

[0019] In addition, the joint adopts a cross-triangular combination joint, which has both axial and radial transfer force transmission and connection functions, as well as the supporting and stabilizing function of the triangular structure. Its advantage is that when the force transmission direction is changed, its connection and force transmission stability are good, and it can more effectively achieve the effect of mutual force transmission and stable connection between the modular prefabricated composite profile active load-bearing reinforcement devices arranged in parallel along the tunnel structure axis and arranged in a ring around the circumference.

[0020] Furthermore, the reinforcement body is composed of several interconnected base units, forming a modular assembly structure. This makes it more convenient and faster for both transportation and on-site construction, eliminating the need to dismantle existing pipelines and equipment. It can pass under the existing pipeline cable trays in the tunnel structure to complete the assembly and reinforcement. Additionally, the base units are connected using connecting components, including an inner pipe and a channel plate. The radial cross-section of the inner pipe is rectangular, trapezoidal, or arc-shaped, preferably trapezoidal (isosceles trapezoid), meaning the axial cross-section at both ends of the inner pipe is smaller than the axial cross-section at the middle. This facilitates adaptation to shape changes at the tunnel reinforcement site and improves fit.

[0021] In addition, bolt holes are provided at the bottom plate of the channel plate for connection with the base and tunnel via bolts, and screw holes are provided on the side plate for connection with the base via screws. The addition of screw holes on the side plate allows the radial surface of the connection end of the adjacent base to overlap and connect with one radial surface of the channel plate or inner pipe, thereby further strengthening the connection end of the base. After this further strengthening connection, the axial comprehensive strength of the connection part reaches the same strength as the body at the middle of the high and low sections.

[0022] In addition, a reinforcement is provided on the outer side of the matrix, and the interior is filled with a compressive-resistant material. This reinforcement consists of reinforcing fibers, which are wound axially and circumferentially around the outer side of the matrix. These reinforcing fibers possess properties such as lightweight, high strength, corrosion resistance, fatigue resistance, flame retardancy, and insulation. They can significantly improve the specific strength / specific modulus of the matrix, exhibit good performance synergy, and enhance fatigue resistance, effectively improving the fatigue performance of the matrix under repeated loading. Simultaneously, they can increase the insulation performance of the structure, improve corrosion resistance, reduce the structural weight and lower foundation costs while meeting the same load requirements, and also facilitate transportation and installation.

[0023] In addition, the matrix is ​​a tubular column with multiple curvatures along the axial direction, composed of one or more curves with different curvatures or curves and straight lines that are smoothly connected. By utilizing the multiple curvature characteristics of the matrix, it can achieve the maximum possible fit with the cross-sectional shape of the tunnel structure, forming a common stable force and achieving the purpose of active intervention in load-bearing reinforcement.

[0024] In addition, anchor bolt holes are provided on the substrate, and radial guide tubes of the same diameter or flared ends are provided within the anchor bolt holes. The use of these guide tubes facilitates the passage of the anchor bolts while also better restraining the fibers from loosening due to the openings in the fibers and preventing strength reduction, thus extending service life.

[0025] In addition, the reinforced body can be divided into a high section and a low section according to its location. The high section is located at the upper part of the arc-shaped positive and negative bending moment transition zone on the left and right shoulders of the tunnel's axial section, while the low section is located at the lower part of the arc-shaped positive and negative bending moment transition zone on the left and right shoulders of the tunnel's axial section. This allows the connecting components between the high section and the low section to be located in the arc-shaped positive and negative bending moment transition zone of the tunnel structure's axial section, which can smoothly smooth out the stress changes within the tunnel and provide the most stable overall bearing capacity.

[0026] Furthermore, the reinforcement body is also equipped with sensors. Through the data from the sensors, the integrity of the tunnel structure after the reinforcement device is used can be continuously and accurately monitored and observed. This achieves the function of intelligent digital sensing and monitoring of the structural reinforcement effect, providing managers with data on the continuous changes in the tunnel structure, and further developing plans to extend its service life. Attached Figure Description

[0027] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the modular active load-bearing prefabricated composite reinforcement device connected to the tunnel in this embodiment; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram showing the positions of the high-order segment and the low-order segment in this embodiment; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the structure in this embodiment, showing multiple reinforced bodies arranged axially parallel to each other. Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the reinforcing body winding structure in this embodiment; Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the enhanced external functional coating in this embodiment; Figure 6 This is a cross-sectional schematic diagram of the connection between the substrate and the tunnel structure in this embodiment; Figure 7 This is a cross-sectional schematic diagram of a guide tube of the same diameter installed inside the anchor bolt hole in this embodiment; Figure 8 This is a cross-sectional schematic diagram of the expansion-port conduit installed inside the anchor bolt hole in this embodiment; Figure 9 This is a cross-sectional schematic diagram of the substrate in the high-position segment of this embodiment; Figure 10 This is a cross-sectional schematic diagram of the substrate in the lower segment of this embodiment; Figure 11 This is a schematic diagram of the structure between adjacent substrates in this embodiment; Figure 12 This is a schematic diagram of the connection component in this embodiment; Figure 13 This is a schematic diagram of the connection between the adjacent substrate and the connecting component in this embodiment; Figure 14 This is a schematic diagram showing the position of the end cap of the lower segment, which is not connected, in this embodiment.

[0028] Figure 15 This is a schematic cross-sectional view of the sensor's position within the substrate in this embodiment; Figure 16A This is a schematic diagram of a structure in this embodiment that uses two reinforced bodies and is not connected to each other; Figure 16B This is a schematic diagram of a structure in this embodiment that uses two reinforced bodies connected to each other; Figure 17 This is a schematic diagram of the connection between adjacent reinforced bodies in this embodiment; Figure 18 This is a schematic diagram of the cross-triangle combination joint in this embodiment; Figure 19 This is a schematic diagram of the connection between the cross-triangle joint and the force transmission rod in this embodiment. Detailed Implementation

[0029] To make the technical problems solved, the technical solutions, and the beneficial effects of this invention clearer, the invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention.

[0030] like Figures 1-19 As shown, the modular active load-bearing prefabricated composite reinforcement device in this embodiment is applied to the reinforcement of tunnel 200, including at least one reinforcement body 100.

[0031] The reinforced body 100 can be divided into a high-level section 110 and a low-level section 120 according to its corresponding position after connection with the tunnel 200. For example, Figure 2 As shown, the high section 110 is the upper part of the left and right shoulders of the axial section of the tunnel structure 200, that is, the position between point A and point B; the low section 120 is the lower part of the positive and negative bending moment transition zone of the left and right shoulders of the axial section of the tunnel 200, that is, the position below point A and below point B, where point A and point B are the positive and negative bending moment transition zone of the axial section of the tunnel 200.

[0032] The reinforced body 100 includes several bases 10, reinforcing bodies 20, and compressive material 30. The assembled reinforced body 100 is a multi-curvature column with a contoured tunnel structure. The axial cross-section of the multi-curvature column is constant and can be rectangular, square, or trapezoidal.

[0033] In this embodiment, the reinforced body 100 includes three bases 10, one of which is located in the upper section and the other two are located in the lower section, and are respectively connected to both ends of the upper section base 10. The upper section base 10 and the lower section base 10 are connected by a connecting component 40, which is located precisely on the positive and negative bending moment transition zone of the axial section of the tunnel 200.

[0034] In addition, to increase the width of the reinforced body 100 and provide stronger reinforcement, it is also possible to... Figure 3 As shown, multiple substrates 10 are arranged in parallel along the axial direction of the tunnel 200.

[0035] The substrate 10 is a hollow tubular column with multiple curvatures made of metallic or non-metallic materials. The wall thickness and height of the four radial surfaces along the axial direction of the tubular column can be set to the same thickness and height, or different thicknesses and heights, depending on actual needs. In addition, the axial cross-section of the tubular column is constant, and it is at least one of rectangular, square, or trapezoidal shapes. Furthermore, the tubular column with multiple curvatures along the axial direction is composed of one or more curves with different curvatures, or curves and straight lines smoothly connected.

[0036] In this embodiment, a reinforcing body 20 is also wrapped around the outside of the substrate 10, thereby enclosing multiple substrates 10. For example... Figure 4As shown, the reinforcement 20 includes at least one layer of axial fibers 21 and at least one layer of circumferential fibers 22. The axial fibers 21 are sequentially wound around the outer side of a plurality of substrates along the axial direction of the substrate 10; the circumferential fibers 22 are circumferentially wound around the outer side of the axial fibers 21 along the axial direction of the substrate 10. The reinforcement 20 comprises one or more of basalt fibers, glass fibers, carbon fibers, and aramid fibers, and is bonded to the outer side of the substrate 10 by adhesive 23, which is an epoxy resin adhesive, a polyurethane adhesive, or other adhesives that meet the required function. In other embodiments, in engineering projects that require preventative reinforcement of tunnel structures or where the design strength and insulation level have already been met, the reinforcement may not be provided on the outer side of the substrate to save costs.

[0037] like Figure 5 As shown, the outer side of the reinforcement 20 is also coated with a functional coating 23, which includes one or more of the following: an insulating layer, a fireproof layer, an anti-corrosion layer, and a polyurethane layer.

[0038] like Figure 6 As shown, the base 10 is provided with anchor bolt holes 11, which penetrate the base 10 and whose outer ends are flush with the outer surface of the reinforcement 20. These anchor bolt holes 11 are used for connection to the tunnel 200. An anchor bolt 16 passes through the anchor bolt hole 11 and is inserted into the tunnel 200 to connect the base 10 to the tunnel 200. The anchor bolt 16 is one of a chemical anchor bolt, a mechanical expansion anchor bolt, or a combination of mechanical and chemical anchor bolts.

[0039] A radially conductive conduit is also provided inside the anchor bolt hole 11. This conduit can be, for example... Figure 7 The guide tube 12 shown has both ends flush with the anchor bolt holes 11 and is connected to the inside of the anchor bolt holes 11 by welding or adhesive bonding. Alternatively, the guide tube can also be as shown... Figure 8 The flared conduit 13 shown has both ends extending outwards from the anchor bolt hole 11. The extended portions are folded downwards to cover the outer edge of the anchor bolt hole 11 and are connected to the outer edge of the anchor bolt hole 11 by welding or adhesive bonding. In this embodiment, the conduit is a flared conduit 13.

[0040] In addition, such as Figure 9 As shown, an exhaust pipe 14 is also provided on the base 10 located on the high section 110, and a valve is provided on the exhaust pipe 14. During the filling of the base 10, the air inside the base 10 is vented through the exhaust pipe 14. To ensure better venting effect, the exhaust pipe 14 is located at the apex of the high section 110. Figure 10As shown, a grouting hole 15 is provided on the substrate 20 located in the lower section 120, and a valve is provided on the grouting hole 15. The grouting hole 15 is located at the port of the non-connection end on the lower section substrate 10, and a connecting joint is provided inside, which can be connected to an external pressure grouting device 300 to pressurize and grout the compressive strength material 30 into the substrate 10. The compressive strength material 30 is a cement-based material or an inorganic compressive strength material.

[0041] like Figure 11 As shown, the bases 10 are connected by a connecting assembly 40. The connecting assembly 40 includes an inner pipe 41 and a channel plate 42.

[0042] like Figure 12 As shown, the inner tube 41 is a metal inner tube, whose axial cross-section is at least rectangular, square, or trapezoidal, matching the axial cross-section of the base 10, and whose radial cross-section is one of rectangular, trapezoidal, or arc-shaped rectangle. The area of ​​the axial cross-section of the inner tube 41 is smaller than the area of ​​the axial cross-section of the inner cavity of the base 10. The two ends of the inner tube 41 extend into the inner sides of two adjacent bases 10, respectively.

[0043] The channel plate 42 is made of metal, with an axial section in the shape of a channel and a radial section in the shape of a rectangle or an arc. The inner dimension of the channel plate 42 is larger than the outer dimension of the base 10.

[0044] In addition, anchor bolt holes are provided on the bottom plate of the groove on the channel plate 42, and screw holes are provided on the side plate. When the channel plate 42 is snapped onto the outside of two adjacent substrates through the groove, it is fixed to the tunnel 200 by anchor bolts passing through the anchor bolt holes on the bottom plate of the channel plate 42 and the anchor bolt holes on the substrate 10, respectively. Then, screws are used to pass through the screw holes on the side plate of the channel plate 42 and through the side of the substrate 10 to fix the overlapping surfaces of the channel plate 42 and the side of the substrate 10, further improving the connection strength between the channel plate 42 and the substrate 10.

[0045] In this embodiment, the inner pipe 41 adopts a radially trapezoidal inner pipe, that is, the area of ​​the axial cross section at both ends is smaller than the area of ​​the axial cross section at the middle. This radial cross section facilitates the insertion of both ends of the inner pipe 41 into the base 10, and also allows for angle adjustment of the connection ends of adjacent base 10, which is beneficial for adapting to shape changes at the reinforcement point of the tunnel 100 and improving the fit. The groove plate 42 adopts a rectangular groove plate with an arc-shaped radial cross section, which can ensure the fit between its inner groove and the base 10.

[0046] like Figure 13As shown, when the connecting assembly 40 is connected, the inner tube 41 is inserted between two adjacent bases 10 respectively, and the groove plate 42 is wrapped around the outside of the connection between the two adjacent bases 10, so that the two bases 10 are in the groove of the groove plate 42. Finally, the two bases 10, the inner tube 41, and the groove plate 42 are connected together by passing the anchor bolt through the anchor bolt hole, and extend into the tunnel 200 to connect with the tunnel 200.

[0047] In addition, such as Figure 14 As shown, the upper section base 10 is connected to two lower section bases 10 on both sides. An end cap 50 is provided at the non-connecting end of the lower section base 10 (i.e., the end away from the upper section base 10). The end cap 50 is made of metal or non-metal and is welded to the non-connecting end of the lower section base 10 to seal the pressure-resistant material inside the base 10. A base 51 is also connected to the outside of the end cap 50. The base 51 is a metal base with anchor bolt holes and is connected to the end cap 50 and the tunnel 200 through anchor bolts.

[0048] To increase structural strength, reinforcing ribs made of metal or fiber can be provided along the axial direction between the high-position base 10 and the low-position base 10 after the connection is established.

[0049] like Figure 15 As shown, the base 10 is also equipped with a sensor 60. The sensor 60 can be located inside the base 10 or suspended outside the base 10. The optimal setting position is adjacent to the position of the maximum force on the axial section of the tunnel 200. The changes in the tunnel 200 will be continuously monitored in the later stage to obtain accurate data in real time.

[0050] In this embodiment, based on the required strength of the location to be reinforced in tunnel 200, the prefabricated composite reinforcement device uses two reinforcement bodies 100 to reinforce the tunnel.

[0051] like Figure 16A , 16B As shown, the two reinforcing bodies 100 are arranged parallel to each other along the axial direction of the tunnel at a certain interval, and are distributed in a ring around the circumference. Furthermore, based on actual on-site operations and strength requirements, the two reinforcing bodies 100 can be positioned like... Figure 16A They can be set up side-by-side in parallel, without being connected; or they can be like... Figure 16B After the two are arranged side by side in parallel, a connector is then placed between them for connection. In this embodiment, the two reinforced bodies 100 are connected to each other to further strengthen the connection between adjacent reinforced bodies 100.

[0052] like Figure 17 As shown, two adjacent reinforced bodies 100 are connected by a joint 101 and a force transmission rod 102. Both the joint 101 and the force transmission rod 102 are made of metal.

[0053] like Figure 18 As shown, connector 101 is either a standard cross connector or a cross-triangle combination connector. A standard cross connector has a groove with parallel connection areas on both sides, and connection holes are provided in these parallel connection areas. The cross connector connects to the force transmission rod 12 through the connection holes. In this embodiment, a cross-triangle combination connector is used. The cross-triangle combination connector has a groove, with a triangular connection area on the outer side of the groove, and connection holes are provided in the triangular connection area.

[0054] like Figure 19 As shown, during connection, the groove of the cross-triangle combination connector is engaged on the reinforcement body 100 and fixed to the tunnel 200 with bolts. After the cross-triangle combination connectors on two adjacent reinforcement bodies 100 are fixed, the two ends of the force transmission rod 102 are respectively inserted into the connection area of ​​the triangular area of ​​the connector, and the ends are respectively connected to the screw holes on the connector through screws 103, thereby connecting the two adjacent reinforcement bodies 100.

[0055] In addition, along the circumferential direction of the reinforced body 100, metal fixing clips 104 can be added between two adjacent force transmission rods 102. The fixing clips 104 are engaged on the outside of the reinforced body 100 and fixed to the tunnel 200 by anchor bolts.

[0056] The reinforcement method for tunnels using the aforementioned modular active load-bearing prefabricated composite reinforcement device includes the following steps: Preparation steps before reinforcement: The shape data of the section of the tunnel to be reinforced is obtained by scanning in advance. Based on the scanned shape data, a matching multi-curvature tubular column is prepared as the reinforcement body, and several substrates are obtained based on the reinforcement body. The outer side of the matrix is ​​reinforced with reinforcing fibers to form a matrix with reinforcement. Anchor bolt holes are made in the matrix and flared conduits are installed in the anchor bolt holes. According to the installation location requirements, the substrate is divided into a high-level substrate and a low-level substrate. Vent holes and valves are set on the high-level substrate, and injection holes and valves are set on the low-level substrate. The reinforcement steps after arrival are as follows: Step 1: Pre-treat the reinforced surface of the tunnel, including grinding and cleaning, marking the installation position, and applying adhesive to the installation position; Step 2: Perform surface rust removal, roughening treatment, and anti-corrosion primer treatment on the outer surface of the substrate, and also apply adhesive to the outer arc surface of the substrate; Step 3: Insert the high-level section of the substrate into the anchor bolt hole through the flared conduit using anchor bolts and glue, and fix it to the upper part of the tunnel; Step 4: Connect the two lower section bases to both sides of the higher section base using internal pipes and trough plates, and fix them to the tunnel. Step 5: Place the fixing clips on the outer sides of the high-level and low-level base sections to strengthen the connection between the base and the tunnel. Step 6: Weld the end cap to the non-connecting end of the lower section base, and connect the base to the outside of the end cap so that the non-connecting end is connected to the bottom of the tunnel. Step 7: After the individual reinforcement bodies are connected, use cross-triangle joints and force transmission rods to connect adjacent reinforcement bodies. Step 8: Install sensors 22 at intervals on the substrate according to the tunnel structure monitoring requirements, so as to continuously monitor changes in the tunnel structure in the future. Step 9: After installation, connect the grouting equipment to the grouting hole of the lower section, open the valve at the vent hole, and continuously pressurize from the grouting hole on one side or the grouting holes on the left and right sides to inject the prepared compressive slurry into the matrix until the air-free compressive slurry is squeezed out by the vent pipe, and then close all valves. Step 10: After all the above installation work is completed, wait for the pressure-resistant materials and adhesive to reach the curing strength within the specified time, and the reinforcement device is complete.

[0057] According to the modular active load-bearing prefabricated composite reinforcement device in the above embodiments, the reinforcement body is used to reinforce the tunnel. The reinforcement body is a multi-curvature column that conforms to the tunnel structure. While reinforcing, the multi-curvature characteristics of the column are used to deal with the structural deformation generated during the use of the tunnel, so that it maintains a high degree of fit between itself and the reinforcement surface inside the tunnel, thereby forming a stable tunnel reinforcement device with good stress resistance and active load-bearing capacity with the tunnel structure.

[0058] Furthermore, several reinforcing bodies are arranged in a parallel, ring-shaped distribution along the circumferential direction of the tunnel structure's axis, with spacing between them. Adjacent reinforcing bodies are connected by joints and force transmission rods, ensuring both reinforcement strength and maintaining the stability of force transmission between the reinforcing bodies using the force transmission rods. This allows anchor bolts to connect with the tunnel structure to form a grid-like integral structure, providing overall stability. The advantages of this grid structure include: uniform and efficient force distribution, high load-bearing capacity, lightweight design, high material utilization, strong spatial adaptability, and good resistance to deformation, shear, and structural stability. It also allows for the prefabrication of standardized components for on-site assembly, facilitating construction and enhancing the overall structural load-bearing capacity and stability.

[0059] In addition, the joint adopts a cross-triangular combination joint, which has both axial and radial transfer force transmission and connection functions, as well as the supporting and stabilizing function of the triangular structure. Its advantage is that when the force transmission direction is changed, its connection and force transmission stability are good, and it can more effectively achieve the effect of mutual force transmission and stable connection between the modular prefabricated composite profile active load-bearing reinforcement devices arranged in parallel along the tunnel structure axis and arranged in a ring around the circumference.

[0060] Furthermore, the reinforcement body is composed of several interconnected base units, forming a modular assembly structure. This makes it more convenient and faster for both transportation and on-site construction, eliminating the need to dismantle existing pipelines and equipment. It can pass under the existing pipeline cable trays in the tunnel structure to complete the assembly and reinforcement. Additionally, the base units are connected using connecting components, including an inner pipe and a channel plate. The radial cross-section of the inner pipe is rectangular, trapezoidal, or arc-shaped, preferably trapezoidal (isosceles trapezoid), meaning the axial cross-section at both ends of the inner pipe is smaller than the axial cross-section at the middle. This facilitates adaptation to shape changes at the tunnel reinforcement site and improves fit.

[0061] In addition, bolt holes are provided at the bottom plate of the channel plate for connection with the base and tunnel via bolts, and screw holes are provided on the side plate for connection with the base via screws. The addition of screw holes on the side plate allows the radial surface of the connection end of the adjacent base to overlap and connect with one radial surface of the channel plate or inner pipe, thereby further strengthening the connection end of the base. After this further strengthening connection, the axial comprehensive strength of the connection part reaches the same strength as the body at the middle of the high and low sections.

[0062] In addition, a reinforcement is provided on the outer side of the matrix, and the interior is filled with a compressive-resistant material. This reinforcement consists of reinforcing fibers, which are wound axially and circumferentially around the outer side of the matrix. These reinforcing fibers possess properties such as lightweight, high strength, corrosion resistance, fatigue resistance, flame retardancy, and insulation. They can significantly improve the specific strength / specific modulus of the matrix, exhibit good performance synergy, and enhance fatigue resistance, effectively improving the fatigue performance of the matrix under repeated loading. Simultaneously, they can increase the insulation performance of the structure, improve corrosion resistance, reduce the structural weight and lower foundation costs while meeting the same load requirements, and also facilitate transportation and installation.

[0063] In addition, the matrix is ​​a tubular column with multiple curvatures along the axial direction, composed of one or more curves with different curvatures or curves and straight lines that are smoothly connected. By utilizing the multiple curvature characteristics of the matrix, it can achieve the maximum possible fit with the cross-sectional shape of the tunnel structure, forming a common stable force and achieving the purpose of active intervention in load-bearing reinforcement.

[0064] In addition, anchor bolt holes are provided on the substrate, and radial guide tubes of the same diameter or flared ends are provided within the anchor bolt holes. The use of these guide tubes facilitates the passage of the anchor bolts while also better restraining the fibers from loosening due to the openings in the fibers and preventing strength reduction, thus extending service life.

[0065] In addition, the reinforced body can be divided into a high section and a low section according to its location. The high section is located at the upper part of the arc-shaped positive and negative bending moment transition zone on the left and right shoulders of the tunnel's axial section, while the low section is located at the lower part of the arc-shaped positive and negative bending moment transition zone on the left and right shoulders of the tunnel's axial section. This allows the connecting components between the high section and the low section to be located in the arc-shaped positive and negative bending moment transition zone of the tunnel structure's axial section, which can smoothly smooth out the stress changes within the tunnel and provide the most stable overall bearing capacity.

[0066] Furthermore, the reinforcement body is also equipped with sensors. Through the data from the sensors, the integrity of the tunnel structure after the reinforcement device is used can be continuously and accurately monitored and observed. This achieves the function of intelligent digital sensing and monitoring of the structural reinforcement effect, providing managers with data on the continuous changes in the tunnel structure, and further developing plans to extend its service life.

[0067] The embodiments described above are merely some, not all, of the embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the present invention without inventive effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0068] In the description of this invention, it should be understood that the terms "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "inner", "outer", etc., indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. They are only for the convenience of describing this invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on this invention.

Claims

1. A modular, actively load-bearing, prefabricated composite reinforcement device for reinforcing tunnels, characterized in that, The device comprises: at least one reinforcing body connected to the surface of the tunnel to be reinforced, wherein the reinforcing body is a multi-curvature column body shaped according to the tunnel structure, comprising a plurality of base bodies and compression-resistant materials, the base bodies being connected by connecting components, the base bodies are hollow structures, and the compression-resistant materials are filled in the cavities of the base bodies, the base bodies at the high position of the reinforcing body are provided with exhaust pipes, and the base bodies at the low position of the reinforcing body are provided with pouring holes, when the number of reinforcing bodies exceeds two, the reinforcing bodies are arranged in parallel at intervals along the axial direction of the tunnel.

2. The modular active bearing assembly type composite reinforcing device according to claim 1, wherein: the adjacent two reinforcing bodies are connected by joints and force transmission rods, the joint is clamped on the outer side of the body and connected to the tunnel by an anchor, the two ends of the force transmission rod are connected to the joints on the adjacent two reinforcing bodies.

3. The modular active bearing assembly type composite reinforcing device according to claim 2, wherein: the joint is a cross-triangle combined joint, the cross-triangle combined joint is provided with a groove clamped on the outer side of the reinforcing body, the outer side of the groove is provided with a triangular connection area, the triangular connection area is provided with a connection hole, and the triangular connection area is connected to the force transmission rod, or, the joint is a cross joint, the cross joint is provided with a groove clamped on the outer side of the reinforcing body, the outer side of the groove is a parallel connection area, the parallel connection area is provided with a connection hole, and the parallel connection area is connected to the force transmission rod.

4. The modular active bearing assembly type composite reinforcing device according to claim 1, wherein: the connecting component comprises an inner connecting pipe and a groove-shaped plate, the two ends of the inner connecting pipe are inserted into the cavities of the adjacent two base bodies, the groove-shaped plate is wrapped on the outer side of the adjacent two base bodies and connected to the base bodies by an anchor.

5. The modular active bearing assembly type composite reinforcing device according to claim 4, wherein: the bottom plate of the groove-shaped plate is provided with an anchor hole, and the anchor passes through the base body to connect the tunnel, the side plate of the groove-shaped plate is provided with a screw hole, and the screw passes through the side of the base body to connect the base body, the axial cross section of the inner connecting pipe is one of a rectangle, a square or a ladder shape, and the radial cross section is one of a rectangle, a ladder shape or an arc shape.

6. The modular active bearing assembly type composite reinforcing device according to claim 1, wherein: the outer side of the base body is further wrapped with a reinforcing body, the reinforcing body comprises at least one layer of axial fibers and one layer of circumferential fibers, the axial fibers are sequentially wound on the outer side of the base bodies along the axial direction of the base bodies, and the circumferential fibers are circumferentially wound on the outer side of the axial fibers along the axial direction of the base bodies.

7. The modular active bearing assembly type composite reinforcing device according to claim 6, wherein: The base is a tubular column with multi-curvature along the axial direction, which is composed of a single curve or two or more curves with different curvatures or curves and straight lines smoothly connected, Anchoring holes are formed on the base, and the anchoring holes pass through the reinforcing body, The base is connected with the tunnel through the anchoring holes by anchoring.

8. The modular active bearing assembly type composite reinforcing device according to claim 6, wherein: A same-diameter guide pipe is arranged in the anchoring hole, and the port of the same-diameter guide pipe is flush with the anchoring hole and connected with the outside of the base, Or, an expanded port guide pipe is arranged in the anchoring hole, and the port of the expanded port guide pipe protrudes outside the anchoring hole and is folded downward to cover the outer edge of the anchoring hole.

9. The modular active bearing assembly type composite reinforcing device according to claim 1, wherein: The high-position section is located at the upper position of the left and right two-shoulder arc positive and negative bending moment transition zones of the axial section of the tunnel, The low-position section is located at the lower position of the left and right two-shoulder arc positive and negative bending moment transition zones of the axial section of the tunnel.

10. The modular active bearing assembly type composite reinforcing device according to claim 1, wherein: The outside of the reinforcing body is further coated with a functional coating, and the functional coating comprises one or more of an insulating layer, a fireproof layer, a corrosion-resistant layer and a polyurethane layer.

11. The modular active bearing assembly type composite reinforcing device according to claim 1, wherein: A glue layer is further coated on the surface to be reinforced of the tunnel, and the surface to be reinforced is connected with the reinforcing body through the glue layer.

12. The modular active bearing assembly type composite reinforcing device according to claim 1, wherein: A sensor is further arranged on the reinforcing body, and the sensor is arranged on the inside of the base or hung on the outside of the reinforcing body.

13. A reinforcing method of a modular active load-bearing fabricated composite reinforcing device, applied to the modular active load-bearing fabricated composite reinforcing device according to any one of claims 1-12, characterized in that, The steps include: Performing preliminary cleaning treatment on the inside surface of the tunnel to be reinforced; Coating glue on the inside surface of the tunnel, the outside surface of the high-position section of the reinforcing body and the outside surface of the low-position section of the reinforcing body, respectively; Firstly, adhering the high-position section of the reinforcing body to the inside surface of the tunnel through the glue, and then connecting the high-position section with the tunnel structure through the anchoring; Then, connecting the low-position section of the reinforcing body with the high-position section through the connecting structure, and connecting the low-position section with the inside surface of the tunnel through the glue and the anchoring; Installing the sensor on the reinforcing body; Filling the pressure-resistant material into the base from the filling hole on the low-position section of the reinforcing body until the pressure-resistant material is discharged from the exhaust pipe of the high-position section, and then completing the filling; After the pressure-resistant material and the glue are solidified, the reinforcing is completed, When two or more reinforcing bodies are used for reinforcing the tunnel, the reinforcing bodies are arranged in parallel along the axial direction of the tunnel at intervals, and then the two ends of the force transmission rod are connected with the joints on the adjacent two reinforcing bodies. The sensor is fixed on the outside or the inside of the reinforcing body.

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