A method for deep-hole slotting and blasting of frozen vertical shafts in water-rich soft rock

Abstract

This application provides a deep-hole blasting method for frozen vertical shafts in water-rich soft rock. It utilizes multiple inclined compensation holes to form an inverted trapezoidal structure, and inserts compensating explosives at the bottom of these holes. This inverted trapezoidal structure creates a natural "funnel-shaped energy focusing zone" within the rock mass. During blasting, this structure guides the explosive energy towards the central cavity and releases it downwards, rather than squeezing it outwards randomly. This effectively overcomes the "rock crushing" phenomenon caused by the high coefficient of fragmentation in water-rich soft rock—where the expanded rock fills the space and cannot be ejected—significantly improving the blasting depth and blasting success rate.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of mine shaft construction technology, and in particular to a deep-hole slotting blasting method for frozen shafts in water-rich soft rock. Background Technology

[0002] Vertical shafts are crucial engineering structures connecting the surface and underground ore bodies, and their excavation speed directly restricts the overall construction period of a mine. In central, western, and northern my country, many mines need to traverse deep, water-rich soft rock strata. Due to the high water content, low strength, and poor self-stabilization of these strata, conventional drilling methods are costly and difficult to deploy equipment, while ordinary drill-and-blast methods are prone to roof falls, spalling, and even water inrush accidents. Therefore, "freezing construction" has become the mainstream method for vertical shaft construction under these geological conditions. The freezing method uses artificial refrigeration to freeze the water-bearing strata surrounding the shaft into a frozen wall with a certain strength and water-resistant properties, thereby creating conditions for safe excavation within the shaft.

[0003] In existing technologies, hydraulic shunt drilling is generally used. However, due to the physical interference of the hydraulic shunt drilling arm, it is impossible to drill large-diameter holes in the center of the wellbore on site. Only small-diameter blast holes can be used to provide limited compensation space. However, water-rich soft rock has a high coefficient of fragmentation when frozen. After blasting, the rock volume expands rapidly, and the tiny initial space is instantly filled, resulting in the ineffective release of explosive energy. The rock is "crushed" at the bottom of the hole, which greatly reduces the cutting depth and the success rate of cutting. Summary of the Invention

[0004] This application provides a deep-hole blasting method for frozen vertical shafts in water-rich soft rock, which improves the success rate and depth of blasting.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, this application provides the following technical solution: A method for deep-hole blasting in frozen vertical shafts of water-rich soft rock, comprising: Step S1: In the slotting area of ​​the vertical shaft excavation face, multiple slotting holes and multiple inclined compensation holes are set. The inclined compensation holes are inclinedly set between adjacent slotting holes, and the multiple inclined compensation holes form an inverted trapezoidal structure in the first direction. Auxiliary holes and peripheral holes are set around the inverted trapezoidal structure. Step S2: Fill the upper and lower sections of the slotted hole with explosives, and determine the mass of the upper section of explosives in the upper section and the mass of the lower section of explosives in the lower section. Step S3: Load compensation explosives into the bottom area of ​​the inclined compensation hole and determine the mass of the compensation explosives; Step S4: Insert auxiliary explosives into the auxiliary hole and insert peripheral explosives into the peripheral hole; Step S5: Detonate in the following order: upper explosive, lower explosive, compensating explosive, auxiliary explosive and surrounding explosive.

[0006] Optionally, in the above-mentioned deep-hole blasting method for frozen vertical shafts in water-rich soft rock, an inclined compensation hole is provided between each adjacent blasting hole, and the projection of the inclined compensation hole on the horizontal plane is located on the centerline of the adjacent blasting holes.

[0007] Optionally, in the above-mentioned deep-hole blasting method for frozen vertical shafts in water-rich soft rock, the inclination angle of the inclined compensation hole relative to the blasting hole is [insert angle here]. , ; The minimum orifice radius that a hydraulic umbrella drill can construct due to interference from the robotic arm; The effective vertical depth of the inclined compensation hole; The maximum charge per segment designed for the slotted hole; The coefficient for soft rock fragmentation; This is the correction factor for the frozen wall.

[0008] Optionally, in the above-mentioned deep-hole blasting method for frozen vertical shafts in water-rich soft rock, the mass of the compensating explosive in a single inclined compensating hole is: The delay time between the detonation of the compensating explosive and the lower explosive is: , ; ; in: The dynamic compressive strength of frozen soft rock; The geometric volume formed by the inclined compensation hole; For the number of cavity systems; The specific energy of the explosive; The length of the loading hole is the length of the explosive charge. This is the equivalent propagation velocity of the detonation wave in the fracture propagation region; This refers to the rock fragmentation and relaxation time.

[0009] Optionally, the above-mentioned deep-hole blasting method for freezing vertical shafts in water-rich soft rock also includes step S6, which involves inspecting the safety disturbance of the freezing pipe based on the inverted trapezoidal structure. ; Among them, the disturbance factor for: ; This refers to the allowable vibration velocity at the freezing point; All are parameters of the classic Sadovsky formula; The number of the tilt compensation holes; The diameter of the tilt compensation hole; The tilt angle of the tilt compensation hole; The equivalent radius of the slotted area; is the dielectric impedance coefficient.

[0010] Optionally, in the above-mentioned deep-hole slotting blasting method for frozen vertical shafts in water-rich soft rock, the depth of the slotting hole in the vertical direction is the same as the depth of the inclined compensation hole, and the depth of the slotting hole is greater than the depth of the auxiliary hole. ,

[0011] The depth of the cut hole; The coefficient of rock expansion; This is the decoupling coefficient for the propellant charge; The depth of the auxiliary hole.

[0012] Optionally, in the above-mentioned deep-hole slotting blasting method for frozen vertical shafts in water-rich soft rock, the amount of explosives used in a single slotting hole is... , ; in, This refers to the unit consumption of explosives; The breaking area borne by a single cut hole; The depth of the slotted hole; The mass of the lower section of explosives is ,

[0013] in, This is the proportion coefficient for the lower stage of the explosive charge; The upper section charge is , .

[0014] Optionally, in the above-mentioned deep-hole blasting method for freezing vertical shafts in water-rich soft rock, the inclined tops of multiple inclined compensation holes form a first structure, and the vertical tops of multiple auxiliary holes form a second structure. The distance between the first structure and the second structure in the radial direction is... , ; in, The diameter of the borehole.

[0015] This application provides a deep-hole blasting method for frozen vertical shafts in water-rich soft rock. It utilizes multiple inclined compensation holes to form an inverted trapezoidal structure, and inserts compensating explosives at the bottom of these holes. This inverted trapezoidal structure creates a natural "funnel-shaped energy focusing zone" within the rock mass. During blasting, this structure guides the explosive energy towards the central cavity and releases it downwards, rather than squeezing it outwards randomly. This effectively overcomes the "rock crushing" phenomenon caused by the high fragmentation coefficient of water-rich soft rock (i.e., rock expansion filling the space and preventing it from being ejected), significantly improving the blasting depth and blasting success rate. Attached Figure Description

[0016] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of this application or the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only embodiments of this application. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on the provided drawings without creative effort.

[0017] Figure 1 This application provides a schematic diagram of the borehole layout. Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the borehole cross-section provided in this application; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the slotted hole provided in this application.

[0018] exist Figures 1-3 middle: 1. Cutting hole; 2. Inclined compensation hole; 3. Auxiliary hole; 4. Peripheral hole; 5. Upper section explosive; 6. Lower section explosive; 7. Compensating explosive. Detailed Implementation

[0019] This application provides a deep-hole blasting method for frozen vertical shafts in water-rich soft rock, which solves the problems of insufficient blasting space and damage to the frozen pipe caused by explosive blasting in the prior art, and improves blasting efficiency and blasting safety.

[0020] The technical solutions of the embodiments of this application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of this application, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of this application, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of this application.

[0021] like Figures 1-3 As shown, this application provides a method for deep-hole blasting and excavation of frozen vertical shafts in water-rich soft rock, comprising: Step S1: In the slotting area of ​​the vertical shaft excavation face, multiple slotting holes 1 and multiple inclined compensation holes 2 are set. The inclined compensation holes 2 are inclinedly set between adjacent slotting holes 1, and the multiple inclined compensation holes 2 form an inverted trapezoidal structure in the first direction. Auxiliary holes 3 and peripheral holes 4 are set around the inverted trapezoidal structure.

[0022] It should be noted that the first direction is configured as a bottom-up direction, the slotting hole 1 is a vertically set hole, and the inclined compensation hole 2 uses multiple small-diameter compensation holes instead of the large-diameter compensation holes commonly used in the prior art. The diameter of the inclined compensation hole 2 is the same as the diameter of the slotting hole 1, the peripheral hole 4 and the auxiliary hole 3.

[0023] It should also be noted that auxiliary holes 3 and peripheral holes 4 are sequentially arranged on the outer periphery of the inverted trapezoidal structure.

[0024] In a certain example, along the circumferential direction, the slotting holes 1, auxiliary holes 3 and peripheral holes 4 are all evenly distributed. The inclined compensation holes 2 are located between adjacent slotting holes 1. The specific number of holes to be set needs to be determined according to the actual project.

[0025] The inverted trapezoidal structure not only overcomes the problem that umbrella drills cannot drill in the center, but also uses the inclined compensation hole 2 to create a "funnel-shaped energy focusing zone" inside the rock mass, guiding the blasting energy to be released into the central cavity rather than being squeezed outwards. This avoids the phenomenon that the rock is "crushed" at the bottom of the hole because it has nowhere to expand, significantly improving the grooving depth and grooving rate, and breaking through the equipment limitations that restrict the advance.

[0026] Step S2: Explosives are loaded into the upper and lower sections of the slotted hole 1, and the mass of the upper explosive 5 in the upper section and the mass of the lower explosive 6 in the lower section are determined. The upper section is located at the top of the lower section and is connected to the lower section.

[0027] Segmented charging breaks down the total explosive charge that would otherwise be concentrated in a single explosion into two smaller segments. According to the law of blast vibration propagation (Sadowski's formula), the particle vibration velocity is proportional to the cube root of the maximum charge in each segment. This spatial segmentation achieves temporal energy dispersion, significantly reducing the peak particle vibration velocity generated by the blast. This is crucial for cryogenically brittle frozen pipes, effectively avoiding the risk of weld cracking or deformation caused by instantaneous strong shock waves, and achieving low-vibration construction while ensuring the energy required for slotting.

[0028] In addition, the use of micro-delay detonation technology creates a top-to-bottom relay rock-breaking mechanism. The upper explosive 5 detonates first, breaking the confinement effect of the intact rock mass above the borehole and creating additional free surfaces and stress release channels for the lower rock. Subsequently, when the lower explosive 6 detonates, its explosive energy is no longer strongly constrained by the upper rock mass, but instead propagates directionally along the pre-fabricated cracks in the upper section. This staged unlocking method effectively overcomes the high plasticity and high confinement force of water-rich soft rock, avoiding the crushing phenomenon caused by energy absorption by the plastic deformation of soft rock in traditional simultaneous blasting, and significantly improving the effective depth and success rate of the cut.

[0029] Step S3: Insert compensating explosive 7 into the bottom region of the inclined compensating hole 2 and determine the mass of the compensating explosive 7. Preferably, the compensating explosive 7 is located at the very bottom of the inclined compensating hole 2. In this way, utilizing the center-pointing geometry of the inclined compensating hole 2, the explosive energy directly acts on the deepest part of the excavation area and the central convergence point. This is equivalent to performing a targeted cleaning and secondary crushing of the hole bottom in the final stage of the excavation process, completely breaking away the remaining root rock, ensuring that the excavation depth meets the design ultra-deep requirements, and avoiding manual bottom cleaning.

[0030] Step S4: Insert auxiliary explosives into auxiliary hole 3 and peripheral explosives into peripheral hole 4.

[0031] Step S5: Detonate in the following order: upper explosive 5, lower explosive 6, compensating explosive 7, auxiliary explosive and surrounding explosive.

[0032] The detonation sequence adopts micro-delay detonation: First, the segmented explosive charge in the cut hole 1 is detonated, with the upper explosive 5 detonating first, followed by the lower explosive 6. Next, the bottom of the inclined compensation hole 2 is detonated. Then, the auxiliary explosives are detonated sequentially with millisecond delays, and the inclined free surface formed by the inclined compensation hole 2 is used to break and throw rocks layer by layer. Finally, the surrounding explosives are detonated.

[0033] In this invention, the auxiliary and peripheral explosives no longer target the intact rock mass for fragmentation, but rather the already formed, large free face for blasting. This significantly reduces the minimum resistance line and clamping force of the rock. Compared to traditional blasting, the auxiliary hole 3 in this invention can break down more rock with less explosive charge, significantly improving the energy utilization rate of explosives and the single-cycle advance efficiency, achieving a smooth transition from "center breakthrough" to "comprehensive expansion".

[0034] The combination of segmented initiation within the cut hole 1 and the small-diameter inclined compensation hole 2 effectively disperses blasting energy, reduces the amount of explosive charge per blast, and minimizes the vibration and compression effects on the freezing pipe. The inclined compensation hole 2 provides an additional free surface for the blasting of the cut hole 1, working synergistically with the cut hole 1 to improve the utilization rate of blasting energy and greatly improve the rock fragmentation effect and block size. The cut hole 1 and the inclined compensation hole 2 form an inverted trapezoidal structure, providing more sufficient bottom compensation space for rock fragmentation and swelling, ensuring the cut depth, thereby improving single-cycle advance and tunneling efficiency. The inclined compensation hole 2 provides a guiding inclined channel for the throwing of broken rock, which, compared to a vertical channel, is more conducive to the rock debris being "thrown" out of the cavity along the inclined free surface, improving the throwing effect. The use of small-diameter compensation holes and inclined arrangement overcomes the limitations of umbrella drilling construction and is suitable for various vertical shaft blasting scenarios.

[0035] In summary, by combining the spatial innovation of "inverted trapezoidal hole arrangement," the insertion of compensating explosives at the bottom of the inclined compensation holes, and the temporal innovation of "five-stage micro-delay detonation," the limitations of hydraulic umbrella drills in drilling large-diameter holes on-site due to the inability to replace large-diameter sleeves have been successfully solved. At the same time, in order to solve the problem of equipment and process matching in vertical shaft excavation, this application adopts multiple inclined small-diameter holes combined into an inverted trapezoidal structure to replace large-diameter holes, which meets the need for large space in soft rock to release energy and throw rocks, thereby improving blasting efficiency, trenching depth, and blasting safety.

[0036] It should be noted that all of the above-mentioned explosives are set in the form of explosive rolls.

[0037] Preferably, in this application, an inclined compensation hole 2 is provided between adjacent slotted holes 1, and the projection of the inclined compensation hole 2 in the horizontal direction is located on the center line of the adjacent slotted holes 1.

[0038] When multiple tilt compensation holes 2 are provided, the projection of the tilt compensation hole 2 on the horizontal plane bisects the line connecting adjacent slotted holes 1.

[0039] In one example, an inclined compensation hole 2 is provided between adjacent cut holes 1. The projection of the inclined compensation hole 2 on the horizontal plane is located at the middle position of the line connecting adjacent cut holes 1, so that the stress wave generated when the inclined compensation hole 2 is detonated can act on the cut hole walls on both sides simultaneously with the shortest distance and the most symmetrical angle.

[0040] Through this symmetrical stress field distribution, it is very easy to form a penetrating radial crack between the slotting hole 1 and the inclined compensation hole 2, which quickly cuts off the rock connection, avoids the stress blind zone caused by the hole position displacement, and ensures that the rock in the slotting area is completely broken rather than simply squeezed.

[0041] It should be noted that the slotting holes 1 are evenly distributed circumferentially, the projection of the inclined compensation holes 2 on the horizontal plane is located at the middle position of the line connecting adjacent slotting holes 1, and auxiliary holes 3 are provided in the outer area of ​​the first structure (which will be discussed later) enclosed by the inclined compensation holes 2. The auxiliary holes 3 are provided with two second structures (which will be discussed later) circumferentially. The peripheral holes 4 are provided in the outer area of ​​the auxiliary holes 3. The peripheral holes 4 are evenly distributed circumferentially, that is, in the radial direction, and their projections on the horizontal plane are, in order, slotting holes 1, inclined compensation holes 2, auxiliary holes 3, auxiliary holes 3 and peripheral holes 4.

[0042] Traditional designs often overlook the physical size limitations of the umbrella drilling robot arm, resulting in designed hole locations that cannot be constructed on-site, or forcing an increase in hole spacing to accommodate the equipment, leading to failure in soft rock excavation. By introducing... The minimum operating radius of the umbrella drill is used as a hard constraint to resolve the contradiction between the mechanical equipment and the arrangement range of the tilt compensation hole 2, so as to find the optimal tilt angle that meets the construction requirements of the equipment, thus avoiding the need to replace the equipment.

[0043] Unlike traditional methods that rely on experience to determine the tilt angle of the tilt compensation hole 2, this application first measures the current temperature of the frozen wall. and the minimum limiting radius for on-site umbrella drilling operations In order to create a sufficient fracture space at depth to replace the large-diameter central void, and to avoid blind spots in umbrella drilling operations, multiple small-diameter inclined compensation holes 2 need to be arranged in an inverted trapezoidal vertical inclined configuration.

[0044] The tilt angle of the inclined compensation hole 2 relative to the slotting hole 1 is 1. , ; The minimum orifice radius that a hydraulic umbrella drill can construct due to interference from the robotic arm; The effective vertical depth of the inclined compensation hole 2; Maximum charge per segment designed for cut hole 1; This is the soft rock rupture coefficient, ranging from 1.2 to 1.5 (including endpoint values), which is used to compensate for the volume expansion after soft rock blasting. For the frozen wall correction factor, .

[0045] It should be noted that the lower the temperature (T), the more brittle the rock becomes. The adjustment finely tunes the inclination angle of the tilt compensation hole 2 to prevent excessive throwing and damage to the freezing tube. This formula ensures that the requirements of the umbrella drill are met. Under constraints, the bottom of the hole can form the minimum free surface space required for theoretical calculations.

[0046] Meanwhile, the brittleness and strength of frozen rocks change significantly with temperature. Traditional empirical formulas are mostly based on room temperature assumptions, which can easily lead to excessive bursting at low temperatures. This is addressed by introducing a freezing correction factor. When the temperature of the frozen wall decreases, the rock's wave impedance increases and its brittleness increases. Automatic reduction of tilt angle This mechanism prevents excessive blasting energy from being thrown out due to an excessively large free surface, thereby reducing vibration damage to surrounding freezing pipes. Conversely, when the temperature is high and the rock is plastic, the correction factor increases the dip angle to ensure sufficient expansion space for soft rock. This mechanism transforms the design of the dip angle parameters of the freezing shaft compensation hole from empirical values ​​to scientific quantitative design, significantly improving the safety of freezing method construction.

[0047] In summary, by using formulas to quantify and calculate, we can ensure that the tilt angle is just right to form the minimum critical cavity that can accommodate the volume of rock fragmentation, thus avoiding crushing due to insufficient space or poor crushing effect due to excessive energy dispersion.

[0048] To address the difficulty of slag removal at the bottom of the inverted trapezoidal structure, an independent compensating explosive 7 is installed at the bottom of the inclined compensating hole 2. This is to prevent the inclined compensating hole 2 from collapsing (leading to choke point sealing) and to ensure the timing of slag removal. In an optional embodiment, the mass of the compensating explosive 7 in a single inclined compensating hole is... The delay time of the compensating explosive relative to the lower explosive 6 is: , ; ; in: The dynamic compressive strength of frozen soft rock; The geometric volume formed by the inclined compensation hole 2; For the number of cavity systems; The specific energy of the explosive; The length of the charge in slot 1; This is the equivalent propagation velocity of the detonation wave in the fracture propagation region; This refers to the rock fragmentation and relaxation time.

[0049] This effectively solves the technical problem of "difficult slag removal and void sealing" caused by the high confining pressure clamping effect at the bottom of the cut hole 1. This formula abandons the traditional empirical delay method and introduces... Ensure that the auxiliary explosives detonate precisely at the rheological moment when the rock mass in the main cut blasting transitions from a dense state to a suspended and loose state, so as to achieve the best bottom slag throwing effect.

[0050] After determining the above parameters, the safety of the freezing tube is checked, which also includes step S6, which verifies the safety disturbance of the freezing tube based on the inverted trapezoidal structure. This invention introduces a disturbance factor. Modification of the traditional Sadovsky formula ; Among them, the disturbance factor for: ; This refers to the allowable vibration velocity at the freezing point; All are parameters of the classic Sadovsky formula; The number of compensation holes; To compensate for the diameter of the hole; To compensate for the tilt angle of the hole; The equivalent radius of the cut area; is the dielectric impedance coefficient.

[0051] If it is a vertical hole: , Therefore, in the case of a vertical aperture, the formula is the traditional Sadovsky formula. This means that the blocking effect of a vertical compensation aperture on horizontal shock waves is considered a "baseline value".

[0052] If it is a slanted hole: , This indicates that the larger the tilt angle, the smaller the disturbance to the freezing tube.

[0053] It can be seen that in this application, as the tilt compensation hole 2 tilts... The increase in [something] reduces the vibration of the freezing pipe.

[0054] The traditional Dolphsky formula is only applicable to wave propagation prediction in homogeneous media. However, this application constructs an inverted trapezoidal structure with a correction term. It is not a simple reduction of data, but a quantification of the scattering and reflection efficiency of the inverted trapezoidal structure on elastic waves, or in other words, the magnitude of the impact on the reduction of the vibration velocity of the frozen tube.

[0055] And introduced The results show that as the inclination angle of the compensation hole increases, its effective projected cross-section along the shock wave propagation path increases, thus constructing a more robust "seismic barrier" than that of a vertical compensation hole. This formula provides an engineering design method for achieving vibration protection of the freezing pipe by adjusting structural parameters, rather than sacrificing the charge quantity.

[0056] In this way, the inefficient mode of traditional frozen shaft blasting, which relies solely on "passively reducing the amount of explosives" to protect the frozen pipe, is overcome. This formula introduces tilt projection... With wave impedance coefficient The design path of using structural parameter optimization to improve blasting safety has been theoretically proven and engineered. It can accurately control the vibration velocity transmitted to the freezing pipe within a safe threshold by increasing the inclination angle of the compensation hole or optimizing the hole density, without reducing the amount of single-shot explosives and ensuring the efficiency of deep hole excavation. This achieves a scientific unity between efficient tunneling and pipe wall safety in vertical shaft freezing construction, avoiding the risk of extended construction period caused by blindly reducing explosives in traditional designs.

[0057] The vertical depth of the inclined compensation hole 2 is the same as the depth of the cut hole 1. This is to provide sufficient free surface for the cut hole 1, ensuring effective compensation space at the bottom of the vertical cut hole 1. To ensure sufficient expansion space during blasting and prevent "crushing," the depth of the cut hole 1 is greater than the depth of the auxiliary hole 3. ,

[0058] For the extra-deep cut hole 1; The coefficient of rock expansion; This is the decoupling coefficient for the propellant charge; The depth of auxiliary hole 3.

[0059] For the depth of the cut hole 1, For the depth of auxiliary hole 3, The depth of the cut hole 1 is excessive.

[0060] In this way, the additional depth required to overcome the clamping force and bulging of soft rock can be calculated, ensuring that the actual effective advance reaches the design value and avoiding cycle failures due to insufficient over-depth.

[0061] Furthermore, the amount of explosive in a single cut hole 1 is , ; in, This refers to the unit consumption of explosives; The crushing area borne by a single cut hole 1 can be approximated as the area of ​​the cut zone divided by the number of cut holes 1. The depth of the cut hole is 1. The mass of the lower section explosive is 6. , ; in, This is the proportion coefficient for the lower stage of explosive loading. Based on the characteristics of water-rich soft rock, its value ranges as follows: (Excluding endpoint values), when the rock mass is relatively fractured and has a high water content, Take the smaller value, close to 0.55; when the rock mass is relatively intact and has high strength, Take the larger value, which is close to 0.70.

[0062] The upper section charge is , .

[0063] like Figure 2 and Figure 3 As shown, the bottom of the slot 1 is provided with a lower explosive 6, the top of the lower explosive 6 is an air column, the top of the air column is an upper explosive 5, the top of the upper explosive 5 is sealed by the clay, and the upper explosive and the lower explosive are connected by binding bamboo joints. This setting is a conventional setting in this field and will not be explained here.

[0064] It should be noted that the top of the auxiliary explosive in auxiliary hole 3 and the top of the peripheral explosive in peripheral hole 4 are sealed with stemming clay. This setting is also a standard setting in this field and will not be explained here.

[0065] In an optional embodiment, the inclined top ends of multiple inclined compensation holes 2 enclose to form a first structure, and the vertical top ends of multiple auxiliary holes 3 enclose to form a second structure. The distance between the first structure and the second structure in the radial direction is [missing information]. , ; in, The diameter of the borehole.

[0066] It should be noted that both the first and second structures are circular. The diameter of the blast hole refers to any one of the slotting hole 1, the inclined compensation hole 2, the auxiliary hole 3, or the peripheral hole 4. Because, according to the actual engineering practice, all blast holes are drilled using the same size drill bit, in order to solve the problem of equipment and process matching in the vertical shaft excavation face, the diameter of the inclined compensation hole 2 is the same as the diameter of the other blast holes.

[0067] The basic principles of this application have been described above with reference to specific embodiments. However, it should be noted that the advantages, benefits, and effects mentioned in this application are merely examples and not limitations, and should not be considered as essential features of each embodiment of this application. Furthermore, the specific details disclosed above are for illustrative and facilitative purposes only, and are not limitations. These details do not limit the application to the necessity of employing the aforementioned specific details for implementation.

[0068] The block diagrams of devices, apparatuses, devices, and systems involved in this application are merely illustrative examples and are not intended to require or imply that they must be connected, arranged, or configured in the manner shown in the block diagrams. As those skilled in the art will recognize, these devices, apparatuses, devices, and systems can be connected, arranged, and configured in any manner. Words such as “comprising,” “including,” “having,” etc., are open-ended terms meaning “including but not limited to,” and are used interchangeably with them. The terms “or” and “and” as used herein refer to the terms “and / or,” and are used interchangeably with them unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. The term “such as” as used herein refers to the phrase “such as but not limited to,” and is used interchangeably with it.

[0069] It should also be noted that in the apparatus, equipment, and housing of this application, the components or steps can be disassembled and / or reassembled. These disassemblies and / or reassemblies should be considered as equivalent solutions of this application.

[0070] The above description of the disclosed aspects is provided to enable any person skilled in the art to make or use this application. Various modifications to these aspects will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the general principles defined herein can be applied to other aspects without departing from the scope of this application. Therefore, this application is not intended to be limited to the aspects shown herein, but rather to be accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.

[0071] It should be understood that the qualifiers “first,” “second,” “third,” “fourth,” “fifth,” and “sixth” used in the description of the embodiments of this application are only used to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions and are not intended to limit the scope of protection of this application.

[0072] The above description has been given for purposes of illustration and description. Furthermore, this description is not intended to limit the embodiments of this application to the forms disclosed herein. Although numerous exemplary aspects and embodiments have been discussed above, those skilled in the art will recognize certain variations, modifications, alterations, additions, and sub-combinations thereof.

Claims

1. A method for deep-hole blasting and slotting in frozen vertical shafts of water-rich soft rock, characterized in that, include: Step S1: In the slotting area of ​​the vertical shaft excavation face, multiple slotting holes and multiple inclined compensation holes are set. The inclined compensation holes are inclinedly set between adjacent slotting holes, and the multiple inclined compensation holes form an inverted trapezoidal structure in the first direction. Auxiliary holes and peripheral holes are set around the inverted trapezoidal structure. Step S2: Fill the upper and lower sections of the slotted hole with explosives, and determine the mass of the upper section of explosives in the upper section and the mass of the lower section of explosives in the lower section. Step S3: Load compensation explosives into the bottom area of ​​the inclined compensation hole and determine the mass of the compensation explosives; Step S4: Insert auxiliary explosives into the auxiliary hole and insert peripheral explosives into the peripheral hole; Step S5: Detonate in the following order: upper explosive, lower explosive, compensating explosive, auxiliary explosive and surrounding explosive.

2. The method for deep-hole blasting and slotting in frozen vertical shafts of water-rich soft rock according to claim 1, characterized in that... An inclined compensation hole is provided between each adjacent slotting hole, and the projection of the inclined compensation hole on the horizontal plane is located on the centerline of the adjacent slotting holes.

3. The method for deep-hole blasting and slotting in frozen vertical shafts of water-rich soft rock according to claim 2, characterized in that, The tilt angle of the inclined compensation hole relative to the slotted hole is: , ； The minimum orifice radius that a hydraulic umbrella drill can construct due to interference from the robotic arm; The effective vertical depth of the inclined compensation hole; The maximum charge per segment designed for the slotted hole; The coefficient for soft rock fragmentation; This is the correction factor for the frozen wall.

4. The method for deep-hole blasting and slotting in frozen vertical shafts of water-rich soft rock according to claim 2, characterized in that, The mass of the compensating explosive in a single inclined compensating hole is The delay time between the detonation of the compensating explosive and the lower explosive is: , ； ； in: The dynamic compressive strength of frozen soft rock; The geometric volume formed by the inclined compensation hole; For the number of cavity systems; The specific energy of the explosive; The length of the discharge hole for loading the explosive; This is the equivalent propagation velocity of the detonation wave in the fracture propagation region; This refers to the rock fragmentation and relaxation time.

5. The method for deep-hole blasting and slotting in frozen vertical shafts of water-rich soft rock according to claim 1, characterized in that, It also includes step S6, which involves inspecting the safety disturbance of the freezing pipe based on the inverted trapezoidal structure. ； Among them, the disturbance factor for: ； This refers to the allowable vibration velocity at the freezing point; All are parameters of the classic Sadovsky formula; The number of the tilt compensation holes; The diameter of the tilt compensation hole; The tilt angle of the tilt compensation hole; The equivalent radius of the slotted area; is the dielectric impedance coefficient.

6. The method for deep-hole blasting and slotting in frozen vertical shafts of water-rich soft rock according to any one of claims 1-5, characterized in that, In the vertical direction, the depth of the slotted hole is the same as the depth of the inclined compensation hole, and the depth of the slotted hole is greater than the depth of the auxiliary hole. , The depth of the cut hole; The coefficient of rock expansion; This is the decoupling coefficient for the propellant charge; The depth of the auxiliary hole.

7. The method for deep-hole blasting and slotting in frozen vertical shafts of water-rich soft rock according to claim 6, characterized in that, The amount of explosive in a single cut hole is , ； in, This refers to the unit consumption of explosives; The breaking area borne by a single cutout; The depth of the slotted hole; The mass of the lower section of explosives is , in, This is the proportion coefficient for the lower stage of the explosive charge; The upper section charge is , 。 8. The method for deep-hole blasting and slotting in frozen vertical shafts of water-rich soft rock according to claim 2, characterized in that, The inclined tops of the plurality of inclined compensation holes enclose to form a first structure, and the vertical tops of the plurality of auxiliary holes enclose to form a second structure. The distance between the first structure and the second structure in the radial direction is [missing information]. , ； in, The diameter of the borehole.

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