Porous granular ammonium nitrate explosive and method of making same
By using Fischer-Tropsch synthetic liquid paraffin and Fischer-Tropsch cracked first-line oil as the oil phase, the safety and environmental protection issues of porous granular ammonium nitrate explosives have been solved, achieving higher safety and longer storage time, while reducing production costs.
Patent Information
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Applications(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- CHINA ENERGY GRP NINGXIA COAL IND CO LTD
- Filing Date
- 2026-02-26
- Publication Date
- 2026-06-05
Smart Images
Figure SMS_1 
Figure SMS_2 
Figure SMS_3
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] This invention relates to the field of industrial explosives, specifically to a porous granular ammonium nitrate explosive and its preparation method. Background Technology
[0002] Ammonium nitrate (AM) explosives are powdery or granular explosive mixtures composed of ammonium nitrate and fuel, without high explosive sensitizers. They are mainly suitable for open-pit blasting projects and blasting operations without the risk of methane or mine dust explosions. These include powdered AM explosives, porous granular AM explosives, heavy AM explosives, granular adhesive explosives, and thickened granular AM explosives. The most significant characteristics of AM explosives are their ease of manufacture and relatively insensitive detonation. This limits their use to large-aperture, high-volume open-pit blasting applications. Porous granular AM explosives are made by mixing 94-95 wt% porous granular ammonium nitrate (oxidizer) and 5-6 wt% diesel fuel (flammable agent). The processing technology is simple, and the components do not contain high explosives or high-energy substances, nor do they contain toxic or harmful substances. They also possess relatively ideal detonation performance, making them an important direction for the development of industrial explosives. However, AM explosives currently suffer from disadvantages such as low explosive power, low detonation velocity, low detonation sensitivity, short shelf life, and freezing of the oil phase at low temperatures, which limit their application range.
[0003] Currently, most porous granular ammonium nitrate explosives use porous granular ammonium nitrate and diesel oil (oil phase material) as the main materials. However, diesel oil has a high pour point, making it prone to freezing in sub-zero winter temperatures. Furthermore, diesel oil has high volatility and is highly dangerous, classifying it as a hazardous chemical requiring hazardous chemical certification for transportation and storage. During production, diesel oil consumption is high, resulting in high production costs. Additionally, diesel oil has a low flash point, is easily volatile, and produces an irritating odor, making it unsuitable for storage and long-distance transportation, potentially leading to safety accidents and occupational hazards for employees.
[0004] Chinese patent application CN117865763 A proposes using crude ethylene glycol and crude glycerol as the oil phase, but this oil phase is expensive, easily absorbs water, and reduces the explosive effect. Patent application CN 101973827A proposes using a combination of diesel oil and purified and recovered lubricating oil as the oil phase of porous granular ammonium oil, but this method still uses diesel oil as the main component, and purified lubricating oil is scarce and expensive. Patent application CN 105111033A discloses a method using aliphatic compound nitropropane, aromatic compound nitromethyl, mineral oil, vegetable oil, etc. as the oil phase, but these raw materials are highly hazardous and easily pollute the environment. Patent application CN 114790129 A proposes using C... 10 To C 18 The patent describes a mixture of various n-alkanes, specifically a liquid paraffin oil phase, for preparing stable and safe porous granular ammonium nitrate explosives. However, this mixture has a high pour point and low viscosity, making it unsuitable for production under natural conditions with temperatures below 5°C. Furthermore, all n-alkanes used in this patent are C164-244-32 ...10 To C 18 Small molecules are prone to volatilization during the storage of explosives, which is not conducive to the long-term storage of explosives. Summary of the Invention
[0005] The purpose of this invention is to overcome the problems of high cost, high pour point, high hazard, and unfavorable storage and long-distance transportation of porous granular ammonium nitrate explosives (AMF), which easily lead to safety accidents and occupational hazards for employees, existing technologies. This invention provides a porous granular AMF explosive and its preparation method. The porous granular AMF explosive uses Fischer-Tropsch synthetic liquid paraffin, Fischer-Tropsch cracked anti-cracking oil, and Fischer-Tropsch hydrocracking tail oil as the oil phase, significantly improving the flash point and lowering the pour point and pour point. This results in a porous granular AMF explosive with good safety, low volatility, no irritating odor, good environmental performance, and easier transportation, storage, and use. The produced explosive has a long storage time, possessing significant theoretical and practical value.
[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides a porous granular ammonium nitrate explosive comprising an ammonium oil phase and porous granular ammonium nitrate, wherein the content of the ammonium oil phase is 4-7 wt% based on the weight of the porous granular ammonium nitrate explosive; the ammonium oil phase comprises Fischer-Tropsch synthetic liquid paraffin, Fischer-Tropsch cracked reduced oil, Fischer-Tropsch hydrotreated heavy oil, and optional pour point depressant; The Fischer-Tropsch hydrocracking heavy oil is selected from one or more of the following: Fischer-Tropsch cracking reduced oil line 2, Fischer-Tropsch cracking reduced oil line 3, and Fischer-Tropsch hydrocracking tail oil. The total weight of the ammonium oil phase is 100wt%, the content of the Fischer-Tropsch synthetic liquid paraffin is 60-95wt%, the content of the Fischer-Tropsch cracked reduced oil is 2-30wt%, the content of the Fischer-Tropsch hydrotreated heavy oil is 2-5wt%, and the content of the pour point depressant is 0-0.5wt%.
[0007] Preferably, the ammonium oil phase has a closed-cup flash point > 60℃, a pour point < -10℃, and a pour point < -5℃.
[0008] Preferably, the Fischer-Tropsch synthetic liquid paraffin has an initial boiling point of 160–250°C and a final boiling point of 300–350°C.
[0009] Preferably, the Fischer-Tropsch synthetic liquid paraffin has a closed-cup flash point of 63–75°C, a freezing point of -12–-30°C, and a pour point of -5–-25°C.
[0010] Preferably, the initial boiling point of the Fischer-Tropsch cracking reduced oil is 200-250°C, and the final boiling point is 320-360°C.
[0011] Preferably, the closed-cup flash point of the Fischer-Tropsch cracking reduced-volume crude oil is 100~150℃, the pour point is -20~-10℃, and the pour point is -15~-10℃.
[0012] Preferably, the Fischer-Tropsch hydrotreated heavy oil is a combination of the Fischer-Tropsch cracked triple-oil and the Fischer-Tropsch hydrotreated tail oil.
[0013] Preferably, the weight of the Fischer-Tropsch hydrocracking heavy oil is 100 wt%, the content of the Fischer-Tropsch cracked triple-oil is 40-80 wt%, and the content of the Fischer-Tropsch hydrocracking tail oil is 20-60 wt%.
[0014] Preferably, the initial boiling point of the Fischer-Tropsch hydrocracking tail oil is 304–350°C, and the final boiling point is 400–520°C.
[0015] Preferably, the initial boiling point of the Fischer-Tropsch cracked reduced-temperature oil is 220–260°C, and the final boiling point is 330–380°C.
[0016] Preferably, the initial boiling point of the Fischer-Tropsch cracked reduced-temperature oil is 240–300°C, and the final boiling point is 360–400°C.
[0017] Preferably, the Fischer-Tropsch hydrocracking tail oil has a closed-cup flash point of 220–264°C, a pour point of 0–20°C, and a pour point of 0–10°C.
[0018] Preferably, the closed-cup flash point of the Fischer-Tropsch cracked reduced-temperature oil is 130–160°C, the pour point is -15–-5°C, and the pour point is -10–-5°C.
[0019] Preferably, the Fischer-Tropsch cracked triple-oil has a closed-cup flash point of 150–190°C, a pour point of -10–0°C, and a pour point of -10–0°C.
[0020] Preferably, the pour point depressant is selected from one or more of polyethylene fumaric acid, polymethacrylate, alkyl naphthalene and poly-α-olefin.
[0021] A second aspect of the present invention provides a method for preparing the oil phase of the ammonium nitrate explosive, the method comprising: mixing the Fischer-Tropsch synthetic liquid paraffin, the Fischer-Tropsch cracked first-line oil, the Fischer-Tropsch hydrotreated heavy oil and optionally the pour point depressant to obtain the ammonium nitrate oil phase, and then mixing the ammonium nitrate oil phase with the porous granular ammonium nitrate.
[0022] The porous granular ammonium frying (MFF) explosive of this invention uses Fischer-Tropsch synthetic liquid paraffin, Fischer-Tropsch cracked naphtha-1 oil, and Fischer-Tropsch hydrotreated heavy oil produced by indirect coal liquefaction as the oil phase of the MFF explosive. The resulting MFF explosive oil phase has a higher flash point than the MFF explosive oil phase obtained using diesel as the oil phase. It has good safety, low volatility, no irritating odor, good environmental performance, and is more convenient for transportation, storage, and use. The produced explosive has a long storage time. Furthermore, the Fischer-Tropsch synthetic liquid paraffin, Fischer-Tropsch cracked naphtha-1 oil, and Fischer-Tropsch hydrotreated heavy oil used have extremely low sulfur, nitrogen, and aromatic hydrocarbon contents, further improving the quality of the MFF explosive oil phase. This reduces the cost of MFF explosives while simultaneously improving their quality. The closed-cup flash point of the oil phase of the ammonium nitrate explosive described in this invention is >60℃, the pour point is <-10℃, and the pour point is <-5℃, which significantly improves the safety of the ammonium nitrate explosive and makes it easier to transport and use. Furthermore, the coal-based liquid paraffin used in the porous granular ammonium nitrate explosive described in this invention is mostly n-alkanes with a rod-like molecular structure without branches, which makes it easier to penetrate into the interior of the porous granular ammonium nitrate, resulting in better absorption, higher detonation velocity, and longer storage time. Detailed Implementation
[0023] The following provides a detailed description of specific embodiments of the present invention. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are for illustrative and explanatory purposes only and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention.
[0024] The endpoints and any values of the ranges disclosed herein are not limited to the precise ranges or values, and these ranges or values should be understood to include values close to these ranges or values. For numerical ranges, the endpoint values of the various ranges, the endpoint values of the various ranges and individual point values, and individual point values can be combined with each other to obtain one or more new numerical ranges, which should be considered as specifically disclosed herein.
[0025] In this invention, the porous granular ammonium nitrate explosive comprises an ammonium nitrate oil phase and porous granular ammonium nitrate. The content of the ammonium nitrate oil phase is 4-7 wt% based on the weight of the porous granular ammonium nitrate explosive. Specifically, the content of the ammonium nitrate oil phase in the ammonium nitrate explosive can be 4 wt%, 4.5 wt%, 5 wt%, 5.5 wt%, 6 wt%, 6.5 wt%, or 7 wt%.
[0026] In this invention, the ammonium nitrate oil phase comprises Fischer-Tropsch synthetic liquid paraffin, Fischer-Tropsch cracked nitric acid oil, Fischer-Tropsch hydrotreated heavy oil, and an optional pour point depressant. Using various byproducts produced by Fischer-Tropsch synthesis technology as raw materials for the ammonium nitrate oil phase can further reduce raw material costs and further increase the flash point, while decreasing the pour point and freezing point of the ammonium nitrate oil phase. Furthermore, the Fischer-Tropsch synthetic liquid paraffin, Fischer-Tropsch cracked nitric acid oil, and Fischer-Tropsch hydrotreated heavy oil selected in this invention have lower impurity content, which can further improve the quality of the porous granular ammonium nitrate explosive. This allows the coal-based liquid paraffin used in the porous granular ammonium nitrate explosive to more easily penetrate the interior of the porous granular ammonium nitrate, resulting in better absorption, higher detonation velocity, and longer storage time.
[0027] In this invention, the total weight of the ammonium oil phase is further defined as 100 wt%, the content of the Fischer-Tropsch synthetic liquid paraffin is 60-95 wt%, the content of the Fischer-Tropsch cracked first-stage oil is 2-30 wt%, the content of the Fischer-Tropsch hydrotreated heavy oil is 2-5 wt%, and the content of the pour point depressant is 0-0.5 wt%. Preferably, the total weight of the ammonium oil phase is 100 wt%, the content of the Fischer-Tropsch synthetic liquid paraffin is 78-88 wt%, the content of the Fischer-Tropsch cracked first-stage oil is 9-18 wt%, the content of the Fischer-Tropsch hydrotreated heavy oil is 3-5 wt%, and the content of the pour point depressant is 0-0.5 wt%. By further defining the weight relationship of each component in the ammonium oil phase, it can be ensured that the closed-cup flash point of the obtained ammonium fryer oil phase is >60℃, the pour point is <-10℃, and the pour point is <-5℃.
[0028] Specifically, Fischer-Tropsch synthesis is a process in which coal is converted into syngas (a mixture of carbon monoxide and hydrogen) through gasification technology, and then used as a raw material to synthesize liquid hydrocarbons or hydrocarbon compounds under catalyst and appropriate conditions.
[0029] In this invention, the main component of the ammonium oil phase is Fischer-Tropsch synthetic liquid paraffin, which refers to a mixture of liquid alkanes obtained by distillation separation from the products obtained from Fischer-Tropsch synthesis, with C9-C as the main component. 23 The n-alkanes. The Fischer-Tropsch liquid paraffin of this invention meets the requirements of the standard GB / T 32066-2024 for coal-based Fischer-Tropsch full-fraction liquid paraffin.
[0030] In some preferred embodiments, in order to further control the flash point and pour point of the porous granular ammonium frying oil phase, the initial boiling point of the Fischer-Tropsch synthetic liquid paraffin is further limited to 160-250°C, preferably 160-200°C, and the final boiling point is 300-358°C, preferably 300-320°C.
[0031] In some preferred embodiments, in order to further ensure that the ammonium oil phase of the porous granular ammonium frying explosive has a higher flash point, lower pour point and lower freezing point, the distillation range of the Fischer-Tropsch synthetic liquid paraffin is further limited to 247.6℃-355℃.
[0032] In some preferred embodiments, the Fischer-Tropsch liquid paraffin is further defined as having a closed-cup flash point of 63–75°C, a pour point of -12–-30°C, and a pour point of -5–-25°C. By employing Fischer-Tropsch liquid paraffin with specific closed-cup flash point, pour point, and pour point ranges, the safety of porous granular ammonium nitrate explosives can be further improved. In a further preferred embodiment, the Fischer-Tropsch liquid paraffin has a closed-cup flash point of 65–70°C, a pour point of -13–-20°C, and a pour point of -8–-15°C.
[0033] In some embodiments, the kinematic viscosity of the Fischer-Tropsch synthetic liquid paraffin at 40°C can be 1.7-1.8 mm. 2 / s, density can be 0.74-0.78 g / cm³ 3 .
[0034] In this invention, the Fischer-Tropsch cracked sub-zero oil is one type of Fischer-Tropsch cracked sub-zero oil, which refers to a specific fraction of oil obtained by fractionation after cracking or hydroisomerization of Fischer-Tropsch synthetic heavy wax. By adding the Fischer-Tropsch cracked sub-zero oil, the content of n-alkane in the Fischer-Tropsch synthetic liquid paraffin can be further controlled, thereby further controlling the pour point of the ammonium oil phase.
[0035] In some preferred embodiments, the initial boiling point of the Fischer-Tropsch cracked reduced oil is further defined as 200-250°C, and the final boiling point as 320-360°C.
[0036] In some preferred embodiments, the closed-cup flash point of the Fischer-Tropsch cracking reduced-volume crude oil is 100~150℃, the pour point is -20~-10℃, and the pour point is -15~-10℃.
[0037] In some preferred embodiments, the distillation range of the Fischer-Tropsch cracking reduced-volume crude oil is 230-340°C.
[0038] In some embodiments, the kinematic viscosity of the Fischer-Tropsch cracking sub-calcium oil at 40°C can be 6.5~7.0 mm. 2 / s, density can be 0.78-0.80 g / cm³ 3 .
[0039] In this invention, the Fischer-Tropsch hydrotreated heavy oil is selected from one or more of Fischer-Tropsch cracking reduced-pressure oil, Fischer-Tropsch cracking reduced-pressure oil, and Fischer-Tropsch hydrotreated tail oil, preferably a combination of Fischer-Tropsch cracking reduced-pressure oil and the Fischer-Tropsch hydrotreated tail oil. The pour point and freezing point of the oil phase are further controlled by adding the Fischer-Tropsch hydrotreated heavy oil to the ammonium oil phase.
[0040] In some preferred embodiments, the initial boiling point of the Fischer-Tropsch cracked reduced-pressure oil is further defined as 220–260°C, and the final boiling point as 330–380°C; the initial boiling point of the Fischer-Tropsch cracked reduced-pressure oil is defined as 240–300°C, and the final boiling point as 360–400°C.
[0041] In some preferred embodiments, the closed-cup flash point of the Fischer-Tropsch cracked reduced-pressure oil is 130–160°C, the pour point is -15–-5°C, and the pour point is -10–-5°C; the closed-cup flash point of the Fischer-Tropsch cracked reduced-pressure oil is 150–190°C, the pour point is -10–0°C, and the pour point is -10–0°C.
[0042] In some preferred embodiments, the distillation range of the Fischer-Tropsch cracked nitric oxide fuel oil is 255°C-375°C, and the distillation range of the Fischer-Tropsch cracked nitric oxide fuel oil is 280°C-392°C.
[0043] In some preferred embodiments, when the Fischer-Tropsch hydrotreated heavy oil is a combination of the Fischer-Tropsch cracked triple-oil and the Fischer-Tropsch hydrotreated tail oil, it is further defined that the weight of the Fischer-Tropsch hydrotreated heavy oil is 100 wt%, the content of the Fischer-Tropsch cracked triple-oil is 40-80 wt%, and the content of the Fischer-Tropsch hydrotreated tail oil is 20-60 wt%. In a preferred embodiment, the weight of the Fischer-Tropsch hydrotreated heavy oil is 100 wt%, the content of the Fischer-Tropsch cracked triple-oil is 40-50 wt%, and the content of the Fischer-Tropsch hydrotreated tail oil is 50-60 wt%.
[0044] In this invention, the Fischer-Tropsch hydrocracking tail oil refers to the portion remaining in the vacuum distillation column after atmospheric and vacuum distillation of Fischer-Tropsch synthetic oil during the hydrocracking process, and its main component is C20. + The Fischer-Tropsch hydrocracking tail oil contains both normal and isomeric alkanes. In some preferred embodiments, the initial boiling point of the Fischer-Tropsch hydrocracking tail oil is 304–350°C, and the final boiling point is 400–520°C.
[0045] In some preferred embodiments, the Fischer-Tropsch hydrocracking tail oil has a distillation range of 310°C to 510°C.
[0046] In some preferred embodiments, the closed-cup flash point, pour point, and cloud point range of the Fischer-Tropsch hydrocracking tail oil are further defined to further ensure the quality of the ammonium nitrate fuel oil. Specifically, the closed-cup flash point of the Fischer-Tropsch hydrocracking tail oil is 220–264°C, the cloud point is 0–20°C, and the pour point is 0–10°C.
[0047] In this invention, the physical properties of the Fischer-Tropsch cracked sub-zero oil and the Fischer-Tropsch hydrotreated heavy oil are further defined to ensure that the resulting porous granular ammonium nitrate fuel oil phase has a superior quality.
[0048] In some embodiments, the kinematic viscosity of the Fischer-Tropsch cracked reduced-volume oil at 40°C can be 6.8-8.5 mm. 2 / s, density can be 0.8-0.81g / cm³ 3 The kinematic viscosity of the Fischer-Tropsch cracked triple-oil oil at 40°C can be 7.3-8.9 mm. 2 / s, density can be 0.81-0.82 g / cm³ 3 The kinematic viscosity of the Fischer-Tropsch hydrocracking tail oil at 100°C can be 12.5-12.6 mm. 2 / s, density can be 0.82-0.83 g / cm³ 3 .
[0049] In this invention, the main components of the Fischer-Tropsch cracking reduced-line oil and the Fischer-Tropsch hydrocracking tail oil are hydrogenated alkanes with a high degree of isomerism, no double bond structure, stable properties, low volatility and low environmental pollution. At the same time, the viscosity is moderate, which can increase the pump transport load and increase the processing capacity.
[0050] In this invention, the oil phase of the porous granular ammonium nitrate explosive may or may not contain a pour point depressant. Preferably, the pour point depressant is selected from one or more of polyvinyl fumaric acid, polymethyl methacrylate, alkyl naphthalene, and polyalphaolefin. Specifically, the alkyl naphthalene may be 2-methylnaphthalene and / or dodecyl naphthalene, and the polyalphaolefin may be one or more of 1-hexene, 1-octene, and 1-decene.
[0051] In this invention, the need to add a pour point depressant can be determined based on the ambient temperature during storage of the porous granular ammonium nitrate explosive. Specifically, when the ambient temperature during storage of the porous granular ammonium nitrate explosive is greater than 30°C, no pour point depressant needs to be added; when the ambient temperature during storage of the porous granular ammonium nitrate explosive is less than 0°C, a pour point depressant may be added.
[0052] The porous granular ammonium nitrate explosive described in this invention uses Fischer-Tropsch synthetic liquid paraffin, Fischer-Tropsch cracked sub-zero oil, and Fischer-Tropsch hydrotreated heavy oil with specific physical properties and distillation ranges as raw materials for the ammonium oil phase. This further improves the flash point of the porous granular ammonium nitrate explosive oil phase and simultaneously reduces its pour point and freezing point. As a result, the porous granular ammonium nitrate explosive has better quality, higher explosive density and detonation velocity, is safer, and is more conducive to storage, transportation, and use.
[0053] The present invention further provides a method for preparing the porous granular ammonium nitrate explosive, the method comprising: mixing the Fischer-Tropsch synthetic liquid paraffin, the Fischer-Tropsch cracked first-line oil, the Fischer-Tropsch hydrotreated heavy oil and the optional pour point depressant to obtain an ammonium oil phase, and then mixing the ammonium oil phase with the porous granular ammonium nitrate.
[0054] Specifically, the mixing conditions include a temperature of 20-30°C and a time of 1-5 minutes.
[0055] The porous granular ammonium nitrate explosive oil phase raw material described in this invention is widely available and inexpensive, with a simple preparation process and excellent quality. It is suitable for use as a field-mixed explosive and has important theoretical and practical significance for promoting the development of industrial explosives. It can improve the quality of engineering blasting, increase the economic benefits of civil explosives production and mining enterprises, and has broad prospects for industrial application.
[0056] The present invention will be described in detail below through embodiments, but the scope of protection of the present invention is not limited thereto.
[0057] The specific values of the distillation range, kinematic viscosity, density, closed-cup flash point, pour point, and cloud point of the Fischer-Tropsch synthetic liquid paraffin, Fischer-Tropsch cracked first-line oil, Fischer-Tropsch cracked second-line oil, Fischer-Tropsch cracked third-line oil, and Fischer-Tropsch hydrocracking tail oil used in the following examples and comparative examples are shown in Table 1.
[0058] Table 1
[0059] Note: The “T (10%)” in Table 1 refers to the temperature at which the volume of the condensate collected by distillation reaches 10% of the total volume of the distillation sample. The meanings of other similar parameters in Table 1 can be explained by referring to this.
[0060] Example 1 83 parts by weight of Fischer-Tropsch synthetic liquid paraffin, 11.9 parts by weight of Fischer-Tropsch cracking first-line oil, 2 parts by weight of Fischer-Tropsch cracking third-line oil, 3 parts by weight of Fischer-Tropsch hydrocracking tail oil, and 0.1 parts by weight of polyvinyl fumaric acid were mixed evenly to obtain an ammonium oil phase. Then, 55g of the ammonium oil phase was added to 945g of porous granular ammonium nitrate at 25°C and stirred for 2 minutes to obtain ammonium nitrate explosive.
[0061] Example 2 85 parts by weight of Fischer-Tropsch synthetic liquid paraffin, 9.9 parts by weight of Fischer-Tropsch cracking first-line oil, 2.5 parts by weight of Fischer-Tropsch cracking third-line oil, 2.5 parts by weight of Fischer-Tropsch hydrocracking tail oil, and 0.1 parts by weight of polyvinyl fumaric acid were mixed evenly to obtain an ammonium oil phase. Then, 940g of porous granular ammonium nitrate was added to 60g of the ammonium oil phase at 25°C and stirred for 2 minutes to obtain ammonium nitrate explosive.
[0062] Example 3 80 parts by weight of Fischer-Tropsch synthetic liquid paraffin, 15 parts by weight of Fischer-Tropsch cracking first-stage oil, 1.6 parts by weight of Fischer-Tropsch cracking second-stage oil, 1.7 parts by weight of Fischer-Tropsch cracking third-stage oil, 1.6 parts by weight of Fischer-Tropsch hydrocracking tail oil, and 0.1 parts by weight of pour point depressant were mixed evenly to obtain ammonium oil phase. Then, 950g of porous granular ammonium nitrate was added to 50g of ammonium oil phase at 25°C and stirred for 2 minutes to obtain ammonium nitrate explosive.
[0063] Example 4 The method was implemented according to Example 1, except that the initial boiling point of the Fischer-Tropsch synthetic liquid paraffin was 213°C and the final boiling point was 360°C; the initial boiling point of the Fischer-Tropsch cracked sub-zero line 1 oil was 225.2°C and the final boiling point was 331.1°C; the initial boiling point of the Fischer-Tropsch cracked sub-zero line 3 oil was 317.5°C and the final boiling point was 452.5°C; and the initial boiling point of the Fischer-Tropsch hydrocracking tail oil was 320.5°C and the final boiling point was 549.5°C.
[0064] Comparative Example 1 At 25°C, 945g of porous granular ammonium nitrate was added to 55g of 0# diesel oil and stirred for 2 minutes to obtain ammonium nitrate explosive.
[0065] Comparative Example 2 The method was implemented according to Example 1, except that the Fischer-Tropsch cracking first-line oil was replaced with an equal weight of Fischer-Tropsch synthetic liquid paraffin.
[0066] Comparative Example 3 The method was implemented according to Example 1, except that the Fischer-Tropsch cracked triple-oil and Fischer-Tropsch hydrocracking tail oil were replaced with an equal weight of Fischer-Tropsch synthetic liquid paraffin.
[0067] Comparative Example 4 945g of porous granular ammonium nitrate was added to 55g of Fischer-Tropsch liquid paraffin at 25°C and stirred for 2 minutes to obtain ammonium nitrate explosive.
[0068] Comparative Example 5 The method was implemented according to Example 1, except that the Fischer-Tropsch cracking reduced oil was replaced with an equal weight of hydrorefined atmospheric oil.
[0069] Comparative Example 6 55 parts by weight of Fischer-Tropsch synthetic liquid paraffin, 20 parts by weight of Fischer-Tropsch cracking first-line oil, 20 parts by weight of Fischer-Tropsch cracking third-line oil, 3 parts by weight of Fischer-Tropsch hydrocracking tail oil, and 2 parts by weight of polyvinyl fumaric acid were mixed evenly to obtain an ammonium oil phase. Then, 945g of porous granular ammonium nitrate was added to 55g of the ammonium oil phase at 25°C and stirred for 2 minutes to obtain ammonium nitrate explosive.
[0070] Test case Test Example 1 The kinematic viscosity of the porous granular ammonium nitrate frying oil phase obtained in the examples and comparative examples at 40°C was tested according to the method of GB / T 265. The results are shown in Table 2. The density of the porous granular ammonium nitrate frying oil phase obtained in the examples and comparative examples was tested according to the method of national standard GB / T 1885, and the results are shown in Table 2. The closed-cup flash point of the porous granular ammonium nitrate frying oil phase obtained in the examples and comparative examples was tested according to the method of GB / T 261. The results are shown in Table 2. The pour point of the porous granular ammonium nitrate frying oil phase obtained in the examples and comparative examples was tested according to the method of GB / T 510. The results are shown in Table 2. The pour points of the porous granular ammonium nitrate frying oil phases obtained in the examples and comparative examples were tested according to the method of GB / T 3535, and the results are shown in Table 2.
[0071] Table 2
[0072] As can be seen from the results in Table 2, the porous granular ammonium nitrate frying oil phase of the present invention has a higher flash point and lower pour point and freezing point, which is more conducive to use and storage. Adding anti-linear oil can increase the oil phase density, but it will also reduce the freezing point and pour point.
[0073] Test Example 2 The explosive density and detonation velocity of the porous granular ammonium nitrate explosives prepared in the examples and comparative examples were tested according to the method of GB / T 18095-2000, and the storage time of the porous granular ammonium nitrate explosives was recorded. The test results are shown in Table 3.
[0074] Table 3
[0075] As can be seen from the data in Table 3, the porous granular ammonium nitrate explosive described in this invention has superior explosive density and detonation velocity performance, longer storage time, and low cost, and has broad prospects for industrial application.
[0076] The preferred embodiments of the present invention have been described in detail above; however, the present invention is not limited thereto. Within the scope of the inventive concept, various simple modifications can be made to the technical solutions of the present invention, including combinations of various technical features in any other suitable manner. These simple modifications and combinations should also be considered as the content disclosed in the present invention and are all within the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims
1. A porous granular ammonium nitrate explosive, characterized in that, The porous granular ammonium nitrate explosive comprises an ammonium nitrate oil phase and porous granular ammonium nitrate. Based on the weight of the porous granular ammonium nitrate explosive, the content of the ammonium nitrate oil phase is 4-7 wt%. The ammonium nitrate oil phase comprises Fischer-Tropsch synthetic liquid paraffin, Fischer-Tropsch cracked sub-zero oil, Fischer-Tropsch hydrotreated heavy oil, and optional pour point depressant. The Fischer-Tropsch hydrocracking heavy oil is selected from one or more of the following: Fischer-Tropsch cracking reduced oil line 2, Fischer-Tropsch cracking reduced oil line 3, and Fischer-Tropsch hydrocracking tail oil. The total weight of the ammonium oil phase is 100wt%, the content of the Fischer-Tropsch synthetic liquid paraffin is 60-95wt%, the content of the Fischer-Tropsch cracked reduced oil is 2-30wt%, the content of the Fischer-Tropsch hydrotreated heavy oil is 2-5wt%, and the content of the pour point depressant is 0-0.5wt%.
2. The porous granular ammonium nitrate explosive according to claim 1, characterized in that, The ammonium oil phase has a closed-cup flash point >60℃, a pour point <-10℃, and a pour point <-5℃.
3. The porous granular ammonium nitrate explosive according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that, The Fischer-Tropsch synthetic liquid paraffin has an initial boiling point of 160–250°C and a final boiling point of 300–360°C.
4. The porous granular ammonium nitrate explosive according to any one of claims 1-3, characterized in that, The Fischer-Tropsch synthetic liquid paraffin has a closed-cup flash point of 63–75°C, a freezing point of -12–-30°C, and a pour point of -5–-25°C.
5. The porous granular ammonium nitrate explosive according to any one of claims 1-4, characterized in that, The initial boiling point of the Fischer-Tropsch cracking reduced oil is 200-250℃, and the final boiling point is 320-360℃.
6. The porous granular ammonium nitrate explosive according to any one of claims 1-5, characterized in that, The closed-cup flash point of the Fischer-Tropsch cracking reduced-temperature crude oil is 100~150℃, the pour point is -20~-10℃, and the pour point is -15~-10℃.
7. The porous granular ammonium nitrate explosive according to any one of claims 1-6, characterized in that, The Fischer-Tropsch hydrotreated heavy oil is a combination of the Fischer-Tropsch cracked reduced-pressure oil and the Fischer-Tropsch hydrotreated tail oil. Preferably, the weight of the Fischer-Tropsch hydrocracking heavy oil is 100 wt%, the content of the Fischer-Tropsch cracked triple-oil is 40-80 wt%, and the content of the Fischer-Tropsch hydrocracking tail oil is 20-60 wt%.
8. The porous granular ammonium nitrate explosive according to any one of claims 1-7, characterized in that, The Fischer-Tropsch hydrocracking tail oil has an initial boiling point of 304–350°C and a final boiling point of 400–520°C; and / or The Fischer-Tropsch cracked reduced-temperature second-phase oil has an initial boiling point of 220–260°C and a final boiling point of 330–380°C; and / or The Fischer-Tropsch cracked reduced-temperature oil has an initial boiling point of 240–300°C and a final boiling point of 360–400°C; and / or The Fischer-Tropsch hydrocracking tail oil has a closed-cup flash point of 220–264°C, a pour point of 0–20°C, and a pour point of 0–10°C; and / or The closed-cup flash point of the Fischer-Tropsch cracked reduced-temperature second-line oil is 130–160°C, the pour point is -15–-5°C, and the draw point is -10–-5°C; and / or The closed-cup flash point of the Fischer-Tropsch cracked reduced-temperature oil is 150–190°C, the pour point is -10–0°C, and the pour point is -10–0°C.
9. The porous granular ammonium nitrate explosive according to any one of claims 1-8, characterized in that, The pour point depressant is selected from one or more of polyethylene fumaric acid, polymethyl methacrylate, alkyl naphthalene and poly-α-olefin.
10. A method for preparing porous granular ammonium nitrate explosive according to any one of claims 1-9, characterized in that, The method includes: mixing the Fischer-Tropsch synthetic liquid paraffin, the Fischer-Tropsch cracked reduced oil, the Fischer-Tropsch hydrotreated heavy oil, and optionally the pour point depressant to obtain an ammonium oil phase, and then mixing the ammonium oil phase with the porous granular ammonium nitrate.