Hydrophobic and oleophobic antifouling coating material and preparation method, hydrophobic and oleophobic antifouling coating and application

Abstract

The present application relates to the technical field of hydrophobic and oleophobic antifouling paint, and discloses a hydrophobic and oleophobic antifouling paint and a preparation method thereof, a hydrophobic and oleophobic antifouling coating and application, which comprises: using isothiazolinone quaternary ammonium salt as a dispersant in the base coating of the hydrophobic and oleophobic antifouling paint, so that the contact angle after spraying reaches the technical requirements of the industry standard for super-hydrophobic and super-oleophobic; further adding isothiazolinone quaternary ammonium salt as an antibacterial agent in the top coating formula of the hydrophobic and oleophobic antifouling paint, so that a hydrophobic and oleophobic antifouling paint with antibacterial function is prepared, which has an antibacterial rate of more than 95% for staphylococcus aureus and escherichia coli, and exhibits excellent antibacterial capacity. The present application provides a preparation method of a hydrophobic and oleophobic antifouling paint, and the hydrophobic and oleophobic antifouling paint product prepared by the method has excellent comprehensive performance, and can be applied not only in the injection molding field, but also in the industrial and civil facility fields with needs for antifouling, super-hydrophobic, super-self-cleaning and antibacterial.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of hydrophobic and oleophobic antifouling coatings, specifically to hydrophobic and oleophobic antifouling coatings and their preparation methods, as well as hydrophobic and oleophobic antifouling coatings and their applications. Background Technology

[0002] Hydrophobic and oleophobic antifouling coatings are coatings with special surface properties. Their main characteristic is that water droplets and oil stains cannot adhere to their surface, but instead form spherical, rolling patterns, thus achieving ultra-clean and ultra-antifouling effects. The formation of hydrophobic and oleophobic antifouling coatings mainly involves two aspects: the formation of micro-nano structures and the modification with low surface energy materials. Applying hydrophobic and oleophobic antifouling coatings to injection molding equipment can effectively prevent mold fouling generated by plastic particles during injection molding or extrusion from adhering to the mold surface, exhibiting excellent antifouling performance.

[0003] Studies have found that quaternary ammonium salts, when used as dispersants in coatings, can maintain good dispersion stability of pigments (fillers) in the coating system, ensuring that the coating does not experience precipitation or stratification during storage and use. Secondly, they can adjust the rheological properties of the coating, giving it good application performance. Thirdly, they exhibit good chemical stability, being compatible with resins, solvents, additives, and other components in the coating without reacting chemically with other components and affecting the coating's performance. Furthermore, compared to some traditional dispersants, quaternary ammonium salt dispersants have lower toxicity and less environmental harm, meeting environmental protection requirements.

[0004] Heterocyclic quaternary ammonium salts are among the most common and highly efficient, low-toxicity corrosion inhibitors and bactericides. They are prepared by reacting nitrogen-atom heterocyclic compounds with long-chain quaternizing agents. Adding heterocyclic quaternary ammonium salts to hydrophobic and oleophobic antifouling coatings can act as dispersants and also impart antibacterial properties, effectively expanding the application scenarios of these coatings. This makes them suitable not only for injection molding equipment but also for other industrial and civil applications requiring antifouling, superhydrophobicity, and self-cleaning properties, such as building curtain walls and new energy vehicle body protection. Summary of the Invention

[0005] This invention develops a novel isothiazolinone-type heterocyclic quaternary ammonium salt, which is used solely as a dispersant in the base coat formulation of coatings. The resulting hydrophobic and oleophobic coating can be used in injection molds to provide antifouling. Furthermore, by using the heterocyclic quaternary ammonium salt as both a dispersant in the base coat and an antibacterial agent in the top coat, the application of the resulting hydrophobic and oleophobic coating can be extended to the antibacterial field with low toxicity and environmental protection requirements.

[0006] A hydrophobic, oleophobic, and antifouling coating includes a primer and a topcoat; The primer is composed of component one and component two; The formulation of component one is as follows: 15-25 parts by weight of fluorocarbon resin, 30-40 parts by weight of butyl acetate, 20-30 parts by weight of xylene, 0.5-3 parts by weight of isothiazolinone-type quaternary ammonium salt, 0.1-2 parts by weight of defoamer, 10-15 parts by weight of titanium dioxide, 0.1-2 parts by weight of leveling agent, and 3-10 parts by weight of nano silica; The formulation of component two is: 8-10 parts by weight of isocyanate curing agent and 2-4 parts by weight of propylene glycol methyl ether; The formulation of the topcoat is: 1-3 parts by weight of fluorosilane and 97-99 parts by weight of ethyl acetate; The formulation of the topcoat may also include 0.5-5 parts by weight of isothiazolinone-type quaternary ammonium salt.

[0007] The isothiazolinone-type quaternary ammonium salt is isothiazolinone-type quaternary ammonium salt I or isothiazolinone-type quaternary ammonium salt II.

[0008] Preferably, the preparation method of the isothiazolinone-type quaternary ammonium salt I is as follows: Nucleophilic substitution reaction occurs between the -NH2 functional group of 1 molar equivalent of n-octylamine and the bromine functional group of 0.91-0.99 molar equivalents of (5-bromopentyl)trimethylammonium bromide to generate a mono-secondary amino ammonium bromide monomer. A nucleophilic substitution reaction occurs between the chlorine functional group of 1 molar equivalent of 4,5-dichloro-2-n-octyl-3-isothiazolinone and the -NH- functional group of 2.01-2.09 molar equivalents of mono-secondary aminoammonium bromide monomer to generate isothiazolinone-type quaternary ammonium salt I.

[0009] Preferably, the preparation method of the isothiazolinone-type quaternary ammonium salt II is as follows: A nucleophilic substitution reaction occurs between the -NH2 functional group of 1 molar equivalent of 2,4-diamino-6-n-butylamino-1,3,5-triazine and the bromine functional group of 1.91-1.99 molar equivalent of (5-bromopentyl)trimethylammonium bromide to generate a tri-secondary aminoammonium bromide monomer. A nucleophilic substitution reaction occurs between the -NH- functional group of a 1 molar equivalent of tri-secondary aminoammonium bromide monomer and the chlorine functional group of a 3.01-3.05 molar equivalent of 5-chloro-2-methyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one, to generate isothiazolinone-type quaternary ammonium salt II.

[0010] Preferably, the fluorosilane is one of perfluorohexylethyltriethoxysilane, perfluorooctyltrimethoxysilane, and perfluorodecyltriethoxysilane.

[0011] Preferably, the nano-silica is oleophilic nano-silica with a particle size of 15-30 nm.

[0012] A method for preparing a hydrophobic, oleophobic, and antifouling coating includes the following steps: Step S1: Mix the raw materials of component one evenly to obtain the primer base solution, mix the raw materials of component two evenly to form the curing agent solution, add the curing agent solution to the primer base solution, stir and disperse evenly to obtain the primer. Step S2: Dissolve fluorosilane or fluorosilane and isothiazolinone type quaternary ammonium salt in ethyl acetate, stir and disperse evenly to obtain a topcoat.

[0013] A hydrophobic, oleophobic, and antifouling coating is prepared by sequentially spraying a primer and a topcoat of a hydrophobic, oleophobic, and antifouling coating onto the surface of a metal mold.

[0014] Beneficial effects: This invention develops a hydrophobic, oleophobic, and antifouling coating by adding low surface energy substances (fluorocarbon resin, fluorosilane), inorganic nanoparticles (nano silica), and a self-developed quaternary ammonium salt dispersant (isothiazolinone type quaternary ammonium salt I or isothiazolinone type quaternary ammonium salt II) to the coating formulation. On the one hand, isothiazolinone type quaternary ammonium salt, as a dispersant for the coating, has the advantages of low toxicity, less environmental harm, and compliance with environmental protection requirements. On the other hand, based on the biomimetic structural design of the "lotus effect," the coating has superhydrophobic and oleophobic properties by utilizing the reaction modification of inorganic nanoparticles by low surface energy substances and the construction of micro-nano rough structures. The experimental results show that the contact angle of the coating formed after spraying the coating product prepared by the present invention meets the technical requirements for superhydrophobic and oleophobic coatings specified in the industry standard, and belongs to superhydrophobic and oleophobic coatings. To expand the practical application range of hydrophobic and oleophobic antifouling coatings, we further prepared a hydrophobic and oleophobic antifouling coating with antibacterial function by adding self-developed isothiazolinone-type quaternary ammonium salt I or isothiazolinone-type quaternary ammonium salt II as an antibacterial agent to the topcoat formulation of the hydrophobic and oleophobic antifouling coating. The quaternary ammonium salt structure and isothiazolinone structure of the isothiazolinone-type quaternary ammonium salt endow the coating with excellent antibacterial effect. The experimental results show that the hydrophobic, oleophobic, and antifouling coating product prepared by this invention has an antibacterial rate of more than 95% against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli, demonstrating excellent antibacterial ability. The hydrophobic, oleophobic, and antifouling coating products prepared by this invention have excellent comprehensive performance. They can be used not only in the injection molding field, but also in industrial and civil facilities that require antifouling, superhydrophobicity, super self-cleaning, and antibacterial properties. Detailed Implementation Experimental Example I-1:

[0015] A hydrophobic, oleophobic, and antifouling coating includes a primer and a topcoat; wherein the formulation of the primer is shown in Table 1 and the formulation of the topcoat is shown in Table 2.

[0016] Table 1 Formulation of primer in hydrophobic, oleophobic, and antifouling coatings

[0017] Table 2 Formulation of Topcoat in Hydrophobic, Oleophobic, and Antifouling Coatings

[0018] The fluorosilanes in Table 2 can be one of perfluorohexylethyltriethoxysilane, perfluorooctyltrimethoxysilane, and perfluorodecyltriethoxysilane; in this embodiment, perfluorohexylethyltriethoxysilane is selected. The isothiazolinone-type quaternary ammonium salt is isothiazolinone-type quaternary ammonium salt I or isothiazolinone-type quaternary ammonium salt II; the chemical structural formula and preparation method of isothiazolinone-type quaternary ammonium salt I are described in Experimental Example 1, and the chemical structural formula and preparation method of isothiazolinone-type quaternary ammonium salt II are described in Experimental Example 2. Example I-2:

[0019] A method for preparing a hydrophobic, oleophobic, and antifouling coating includes the following steps: Step 1, Preparation of the primer: According to the formula in Table 1, add the formulated amounts of DS206 fluorocarbon resin, isothiazolinone quaternary ammonium salt, and DS-100 defoamer to the formulated amounts of butyl acetate and xylene, and disperse at high speed for 15 min at a speed of 1500 r / min. Then, add the formulated amounts of titanium dioxide, BYK-320 leveling agent, and 20 nm oleophilic nano-silica in sequence, and disperse at a speed of 1200 r / min for 4 h to obtain the primer base solution. Next, dissolve the formulated amounts of KST-80T isocyanate curing agent in the formulated amounts of propylene glycol methyl ether, and disperse at a speed of 600 r / min for 10 min to form a curing agent solution. Finally, add the curing agent solution to the primer base solution and stir at a speed of 1200 r / min for 2 h to obtain the primer. Step 2, preparation of topcoat: According to the formula in Table 2, dissolve the prescribed amount of perfluorohexylethyltriethoxysilane in the prescribed amount of ethyl acetate, and stir at 600 r / min for 10 min to obtain the topcoat; When the isothiazolinone quaternary ammonium salt is isothiazolinone quaternary ammonium salt I, primer I and topcoat I are prepared, and the corresponding product is denoted as hydrophobic oleophobic antifouling coating I. When the isothiazolinone-type quaternary ammonium salt is isothiazolinone-type quaternary ammonium salt II, primer II and topcoat I are prepared, and the corresponding product is denoted as hydrophobic, oleophobic and antifouling coating II. Example I-3:

[0020] Preparation of the hydrophobic, oleophobic, and antifouling coating: After polishing the surface of the metal mold, clean off any loose dust with high-pressure air. Apply the coating using a 1.0mm diameter adjustable pressure spray gun. First, spray the primer of the hydrophobic, oleophobic, and antifouling coating onto the surface of the metal mold at a spray pressure of 0.5MPa and a application rate of 180g / m². 2 After curing at room temperature for 4 hours, continue spraying the topcoat of the hydrophobic, oleophobic, and antifouling coating. The spraying pressure is 0.3 MPa, and the application rate is 25 g / m². 2 Curing at room temperature for 30 minutes yields a hydrophobic, oleophobic, and antifouling coating. When the hydrophobic and oleophobic antifouling coating is hydrophobic and oleophobic antifouling coating I, hydrophobic and oleophobic antifouling coating I is prepared. When the hydrophobic and oleophobic antifouling coating is hydrophobic and oleophobic antifouling coating II, hydrophobic and oleophobic antifouling coating II is prepared. Comparative Example 1:

[0021] Preparation of coating a: Compared with hydrophobic, oleophobic and antifouling coatings, the only difference is that the primer does not use isothiazolinone-type quaternary ammonium salt dispersant, and coating a and its corresponding coating layer a are prepared. Comparative Example 2:

[0022] Preparation of coating b: Compared with hydrophobic, oleophobic and antifouling coatings, the only difference is that it does not include the topcoat and the primer does not use isothiazolinone-type quaternary ammonium salts, thus preparing coating b and its corresponding coating layer b. Performance testing:

[0023] The hydrophobic and oleophobic antifouling coating formed after spraying the hydrophobic and oleophobic antifouling coating was subjected to performance testing. The test items are as follows: (1) Hydrophobicity test: The hydrophobicity test was conducted using a JC2000D1 contact angle measuring instrument in accordance with the GB / T 24368-2009 standard. The hydrophobicity of the sample was analyzed by the water contact angle of the sample. (2) Oleophobic performance test: The oleophobic performance was tested using a JC2000D1 contact angle meter according to GB / T 24368-2009 standard. The oleophobic performance of the sample was analyzed by the oil (hexadecane) contact angle. (3) Antifouling performance test: The sample was immersed in sewage with an oil content of 100 ppm and then lifted out. The antifouling performance was analyzed by observing whether there were any substances remaining on the sample surface. (4) Abrasion resistance: Abrasion resistance test was conducted using a BLD-NM16 steel wool abrasion tester according to GB / T 1768-2006 standard. The abrasion resistance was analyzed by the water contact angle of the sample after the abrasion test. The test parameters were set as follows: load 100g, friction head degreased cotton, stroke 40mm, speed 60 times / min, and number of cycles 1000. (5) Light aging resistance: The light aging resistance test was conducted using an XL-1000 xenon lamp aging test chamber according to GB / T 23987-2009 standard. The light aging resistance of the samples was analyzed by the water contact angle after the light aging test. The test parameters were set as follows: irradiance of 0.5 W / (m²). 2 The wavelength is controlled at 340nm, the black mark temperature is 65±2℃, the chamber temperature is 45±2℃, the spraying time is 18min every 2h, and the light irradiation time is 2000h.

[0024] The experimental results are shown in Table 3 below.

[0025] Table 3. Performance test results of hydrophobic and oleophobic antifouling coatings

[0026] The following conclusions can be drawn from the analysis of the experimental results in Table 3: According to national industry standards and enterprise user requirements: contact angle < 5° is classified as superhydrophilic material, 5° < contact angle < 90° is classified as hydrophilic material, 90° < contact angle < 150° is classified as hydrophobic material, and contact angle > 150° is classified as superhydrophobic material. Accordingly, the coating prepared by the present invention has a contact angle that meets the technical requirements for superhydrophobic and oleophobic coatings specified in the industry standard after spraying, and belongs to superhydrophobic and oleophobic coatings with excellent antifouling performance. The hydrophobic, oleophobic, and antifouling coating product prepared by this invention has excellent comprehensive performance and can be used in injection molds to play a role in antifouling.

[0027] In order to expand the practical application range of hydrophobic and oleophobic antifouling coatings, this invention has developed a hydrophobic and oleophobic antifouling coating with antibacterial function, which can inhibit bacterial contamination from the source and further improve the antifouling performance of the coating. Example II-1

[0028] A hydrophobic and oleophobic antifouling coating I with antibacterial function, the only difference between its formulation and the hydrophobic and oleophobic antifouling coating I in Example I-1 is that 2.5 parts by weight of isothiazolinone type quaternary ammonium salt I is added to the topcoat formulation; The preparation method of the hydrophobic and oleophobic antifouling coating I with antibacterial function is the same as that of the hydrophobic and oleophobic antifouling coating I in Examples I-2; The preparation method of the hydrophobic and oleophobic antifouling coating I with antibacterial function is the same as that of the hydrophobic and oleophobic antifouling coating I in Examples I-3. Example II-2

[0029] A hydrophobic and oleophobic antifouling coating II with antibacterial function is different from the hydrophobic and oleophobic antifouling coating II in Example I-1 only in that 2.5 parts by weight of isothiazolinone type quaternary ammonium salt II are added to the topcoat formulation. The preparation method of the hydrophobic and oleophobic antifouling coating II with antibacterial function is the same as that of the hydrophobic and oleophobic antifouling coating II in Examples I-2; The preparation method of the hydrophobic and oleophobic antifouling coating II with antibacterial function is the same as that of the preparation method of the hydrophobic and oleophobic antifouling coating II in Examples I-3. Performance testing:

[0030] The antibacterial properties of the hydrophobic and oleophobic antifouling coating, formed by spraying an antibacterial coating with both antibacterial and oleophobic functions, were tested as follows: Antibacterial performance test: The antibacterial performance of the samples was evaluated according to GB / T 21866-2008. The test parameters were set as follows: the test bacterial suspension was Staphylococcus aureus ATCC6538 and Escherichia coli ATCC25922, and the concentration of the inoculum was 8.0 × 10⁻⁶. 5 CFU / mL, test bacterial culture volume 0.5mL, culture time 48h; The experimental results are shown in Table 4 below.

[0031] Table 4. Performance test results of hydrophobic, oleophobic, and antifouling coatings with antibacterial functions Product Type Hydrophobic and oleophobic antifouling coating with antibacterial properties I Hydrophobic and oleophobic antifouling coating II with antibacterial properties Antibacterial rate - Staphylococcus aureus (%) ≥95.00 ≥99.99 Antibacterial rate - Escherichia coli (%) ≥96.00 ≥99.99 The following conclusions can be drawn from the analysis of the experimental results in Table 4: Conclusion 1: This invention prepares a hydrophobic and oleophobic antifouling coating by adding isothiazolinone-type quaternary ammonium salt as an antibacterial agent to the topcoat formulation of the hydrophobic and oleophobic antifouling coating. The coating product has an antibacterial rate of more than 95% against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli, showing excellent antibacterial ability. Conclusion 2: The hydrophobic, oleophobic, and antifouling coating product with antibacterial function prepared by this invention can not only be used in the injection molding field, but also in industrial and civil facilities that require antifouling, superhydrophobicity, super self-cleaning and antibacterial properties. Experimental Example 1:

[0032] The method for preparing isothiazolinone-type quaternary ammonium salt I is as follows: Step 1: A nucleophilic substitution reaction occurs between the -NH2 functional group of 1 molar equivalent of n-octylamine and the bromine functional group of 0.98 molar equivalent of (5-bromopentyl)trimethylammonium bromide to generate a mono-secondary amino ammonium bromide monomer, the chemical structure of which is as follows: ; Step 2: A nucleophilic substitution reaction occurs between the chlorine functional group of 1 molar equivalent of 4,5-dichloro-2-n-octyl-3-isothiazolinone and the -NH- functional group of 2.05 molar equivalent of mono-secondary aminoammonium bromide monomer to generate isothiazolinone-type quaternary ammonium salt I, whose chemical structural formula is: ; The specific experimental steps for preparing isothiazolinone-type quaternary ammonium salt I are as follows: 1.3 g of n-octylamine, 0.7 g of sodium bicarbonate, and 30 mL of N,N-dimethylformamide were added to a three-necked flask. Under nitrogen protection and mechanical stirring, the mixture was dissolved at room temperature for 1 h. Then, 30 mL of (5-bromopentyl)trimethylammonium bromide solution (prepared by dissolving 2.9 g of (5-bromopentyl)trimethylammonium bromide in 30 mL of N,N-dimethylformamide) was added dropwise to the three-necked flask. The mixture was heated to 60 °C and stirred for 8 h. The solvent was removed by rotary evaporation and the mixture was dried under vacuum to obtain the mono-secondary amino ammonium bromide monomer. 1.4 g of 4,5-dichloro-2-n-octyl-3-isothiazolinone, 1.1 g of sodium bicarbonate, and 30 mL of N,N-dimethylformamide were added to a three-necked flask. Under nitrogen protection and mechanical stirring, the mixture was dissolved at room temperature for 30 min. Then, 30 mL of a mono-secondary amino ammonium bromide monomer solution (prepared by dissolving 3.4 g of mono-secondary amino ammonium bromide monomer in 30 mL of N,N-dimethylformamide) was added dropwise to the three-necked flask. The mixture was heated to 80 °C and stirred for 8 h. The solvent was removed by rotary evaporation and the mixture was dried under vacuum to obtain isothiazolinone-type quaternary ammonium salt I. The 1H NMR characterization results of isothiazolinone-type quaternary ammonium salt I are as follows: 1 H NMR (CDCl3, 400MHz) δ: 0.87-0.91 (t, 9H), 1.24-1.37 (m, 30H), 1.56-1.70 (m, 18H), 3.31-3.36 (m, 8H), 3.44 (s, 18H), 3.50-3.53 (t, 4H), 3.68-3.72 (t, 2H). Experimental Example 2:

[0033] The method for preparing isothiazolinone-type quaternary ammonium salt II is as follows: Step 1: A nucleophilic substitution reaction occurs between the -NH2 functional group of 1 molar equivalent of 2,4-diamino-6-n-butylamino-1,3,5-triazine and the bromine functional group of 1.95 molar equivalent of (5-bromopentyl)trimethylammonium bromide to generate a tri-secondary aminoammonium bromide monomer, the chemical structure of which is as follows: ; Step 2: A nucleophilic substitution reaction occurs between the -NH- functional group of 1 molar equivalent of the tri-secondary aminoammonium bromide monomer and the chlorine functional group of 3.05 molar equivalents of 5-chloro-2-methyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one to generate isothiazolinone-type quaternary ammonium salt II, with the following chemical structural formula: ; The specific experimental steps for preparing isothiazolinone-type quaternary ammonium salt II are as follows: 1.8 g of 2,4-diamino-6-n-butylamino-1,3,5-triazine, 1.0 g of sodium bicarbonate, and 30 mL of N,N-dimethylformamide were added to a three-necked flask. The mixture was dissolved at room temperature for 1 h under nitrogen protection and mechanical stirring. Then, 50 mL of (5-bromopentyl)trimethylammonium bromide solution (prepared by dissolving 5.7 g of (5-bromopentyl)trimethylammonium bromide in 50 mL of N,N-dimethylformamide) was added dropwise to the three-necked flask. The mixture was heated to 50 °C and stirred for 6 h. The solvent was removed by rotary evaporation and the mixture was dried under vacuum to obtain the tri-secondary aminoammonium bromide monomer. 3.0 g of tri-secondary aminoammonium bromide monomer, 1.5 g of sodium bicarbonate and 50 mL of N,N-dimethylformamide were added to a three-necked flask. Under nitrogen protection and mechanical stirring, the mixture was dissolved at room temperature for 2 h. Then, 30 mL of 5-chloro-2-methyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one solution (prepared by dissolving 2.3 g of 5-chloro-2-methyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one in 30 mL of N,N-dimethylformamide) was added dropwise to the three-necked flask. The mixture was heated to 80 °C and stirred for 10 h. The solvent was removed by rotary evaporation and the mixture was dried under vacuum to obtain isothiazolinone-type quaternary ammonium salt II. The 1H NMR characterization results of isothiazolinone-type quaternary ammonium salt II are as follows: 1 H NMR (CDCl3, 400MHz) δ: 0.94-0.98 (t, 3H), 1.36-1.46 (m, 2H), 1.55-1.66 (m, 8H), 1.76-1.86 (m, 6H), 3.14 (s, 9 H), 3.43 (s, 18H), 3.50-3.54 (t, 4H), 4.35-4.38 (t, 4H), 4.41-4.44 (t, 2H), 6.04 (s, 3H).

Claims

1. A hydrophobic, oleophobic, and antifouling coating, characterized in that, The hydrophobic, oleophobic, and antifouling coating includes a primer and a topcoat; The primer is composed of component one and component two; The formulation of component one is as follows: 15-25 parts by weight of fluorocarbon resin, 30-40 parts by weight of butyl acetate, 20-30 parts by weight of xylene, 0.5-3 parts by weight of isothiazolinone-type quaternary ammonium salt, 0.1-2 parts by weight of defoamer, 10-15 parts by weight of titanium dioxide, 0.1-2 parts by weight of leveling agent, and 3-10 parts by weight of nano silica; The formulation of component two is: 8-10 parts by weight of isocyanate curing agent and 2-4 parts by weight of propylene glycol methyl ether; The formulation of the topcoat is: 1-3 parts by weight of fluorosilane and 97-99 parts by weight of ethyl acetate; The isothiazolinone quaternary ammonium salt is isothiazolinone quaternary ammonium salt I or isothiazolinone quaternary ammonium salt II; The chemical structural formula of the isothiazolinone-type quaternary ammonium salt I is: ； The chemical structural formula of the isothiazolinone-type quaternary ammonium salt II is: 。 2. The hydrophobic, oleophobic, and antifouling coating according to claim 1, characterized in that, The topcoat formulation of the hydrophobic, oleophobic, and antifouling coating also includes 0.5-5 parts by weight of isothiazolinone-type quaternary ammonium salt, which is isothiazolinone-type quaternary ammonium salt I or isothiazolinone-type quaternary ammonium salt II.

3. The hydrophobic, oleophobic, and antifouling coating according to claim 1, characterized in that, The fluorosilane is one of perfluorohexylethyltriethoxysilane, perfluorooctyltrimethoxysilane, and perfluorodecyltriethoxysilane.

4. The hydrophobic, oleophobic, and antifouling coating according to claim 1, characterized in that, The nano-silica is an oleophilic nano-silica with a particle size of 15-30 nm.

5. A method for preparing a hydrophobic, oleophobic, and antifouling coating according to any one of claims 1-4, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: Step S1: Disperse the raw materials of component one evenly to obtain the primer base solution, mix the raw materials of component two evenly to form the curing agent solution, add the curing agent solution to the primer base solution, stir and disperse evenly to obtain the primer. Step S2: Dissolve fluorosilane or fluorosilane and isothiazolinone type quaternary ammonium salt in ethyl acetate, stir and disperse evenly to obtain a topcoat.

6. The method for preparing a hydrophobic, oleophobic, and antifouling coating according to claim 5, characterized in that, The preparation method of the isothiazolinone type quaternary ammonium salt I is as follows: Nucleophilic substitution reaction occurs between the -NH2 functional group of 1 molar equivalent of n-octylamine and the bromine functional group of 0.91-0.99 molar equivalents of (5-bromopentyl)trimethylammonium bromide to generate a mono-secondary amino ammonium bromide monomer. A nucleophilic substitution reaction occurs between the chlorine functional group of 1 molar equivalent of 4,5-dichloro-2-n-octyl-3-isothiazolinone and the -NH- functional group of 2.01-2.09 molar equivalents of mono-secondary aminoammonium bromide monomer to generate isothiazolinone-type quaternary ammonium salt I.

7. The method for preparing a hydrophobic, oleophobic, and antifouling coating according to claim 5, characterized in that, The preparation method of the isothiazolinone-type quaternary ammonium salt II is as follows: A nucleophilic substitution reaction occurs between the -NH2 functional group of 1 molar equivalent of 2,4-diamino-6-n-butylamino-1,3,5-triazine and the bromine functional group of 1.91-1.99 molar equivalent of (5-bromopentyl)trimethylammonium bromide to generate a tri-secondary aminoammonium bromide monomer. A nucleophilic substitution reaction occurs between the -NH- functional group of a 1 molar equivalent of tri-secondary aminoammonium bromide monomer and the chlorine functional group of a 3.01-3.05 molar equivalent of 5-chloro-2-methyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one, to generate isothiazolinone-type quaternary ammonium salt II.

8. A hydrophobic, oleophobic, and antifouling coating, characterized in that, The hydrophobic, oleophobic, and antifouling coating is obtained by sequentially spraying the primer and topcoat of the hydrophobic, oleophobic, and antifouling coating described in any one of claims 1-4 onto the surface of a metal mold.

9. The hydrophobic and oleophobic antifouling coating according to claim 1 is used in injection molding equipment to provide antifouling protection.

10. The hydrophobic, oleophobic, and antifouling coating according to claim 2 can be applied not only in the injection molding field, but also in industrial and civil facilities where antifouling, superhydrophobicity, super self-cleaning, and antibacterial properties are required.

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