Deep roadway dynamic and static load source cooperative integrated strong support method and system

Abstract

The application discloses a deep roadway dynamic and static load source cooperation integrated strong support method and system, belongs to the underground engineering roadway intelligent support technical field, and the method is as follows: capturing surrounding rock stress and energy events, establishing a correlation model, dividing the roadway space into a global static load bearing area and a dynamic impact key protection area; constructing an ultra-large tonnage prestressed anchor cable / rod, erecting a collapsible heavy U-shaped steel support and spraying a steel fiber concrete to form a composite surface protection structure, and then evaluating the cooperation performance; in the static load bearing structure, active energy absorption units are additionally arranged between main anchor rods / cables, and passive energy dissipation units are filled between the U-shaped steel support and the concrete spraying layer. The system is as follows: a load fine identification module is used for distinguishing two types of loads and dividing areas; a main strong support subsystem is used for implementing active and passive cooperative support; a key area buffer subsystem is used for strengthening the impact key area; and an intelligent monitoring feedback platform is used for dynamically evaluating the performance. The application can significantly improve the overall stability of the deep roadway.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of intelligent support technology for underground tunnels, specifically an integrated strong support method and system for the coordinated dynamic and static load sources in deep tunnels. Background Technology

[0002] As the depth of coal mining in my country gradually extends to depths of over 1,000 meters, the geomechanical environment of deep tunnel engineering has undergone a fundamental transformation. The superposition of high ground stress, strong mining disturbance, and complex tectonic stress fields leads to significant differences in the deformation and failure mechanisms of the surrounding rock compared to shallow tunnels. Under these extreme geological conditions, the surrounding rock not only exhibits strong rheological deformation characteristics but also frequently experiences instantaneous dynamic disasters such as rock bursts and rockbursts, placing unprecedentedly stringent demands on the tunnel support system. Engineering practice and theoretical analysis have clearly demonstrated that conventional support methods of a single type or weak coupling are insufficient to meet the support needs of deep tunnels; a fundamental technical strategy combining active and passive support must be adopted. The core purpose of active support is to apply extremely high preload to promptly and forcefully constrain surrounding rock deformation, inhibiting the initiation of deformation and the process of fracture propagation. Passive support, on the other hand, must provide high-resistance, large-deformation-space ultimate bearing guarantee for surrounding rock deformation and sudden impact loads that are difficult to completely suppress. The two complement each other and are indispensable. The absence of either one may lead to the early failure of the support system or even catastrophic damage. Therefore, achieving integrated coordination of active and passive support is the inevitable development direction for overcoming the challenges of deep roadway support.

[0003] Currently, research and engineering practices on deep tunnel support, both domestically and internationally, are mostly limited to improving the material strength or local structural modifications of existing support technologies (such as anchor bolts and cables, U-shaped steel supports, and concrete lining). Although the concept of active + passive support has gained consensus in the industry, there are still significant limitations and shortcomings in its specific implementation methodologies, mainly in three aspects. First, existing support design methods generally treat the load borne by the tunnel as a whole and address it in a general way, failing to distinguish precisely between the continuously acting static high ground stress and the instantaneously released dynamic impact load from a physical perspective. This vague understanding of the load leads to the adoption of a one-size-fits-all, single high-stiffness model in support design, which cannot optimally adapt to the rock mass control requirements under static loads, nor can it effectively meet the energy consumption requirements of support under dynamic loads, resulting in the dual problems of wasted support resources and poor support effects. Second, the coordination of active and passive support is mostly limited to simple spatial superposition or phased construction, lacking a systematic functional division and mechanical coupling design based on load properties and evolution sequence. Active and passive support structures often exhibit a disconnect in their mechanical responses, or the intervention of passive support structures is delayed, failing to form a truly integrated and collaborative load-bearing system and hindering the full realization of the synergistic effect of active and passive support. Finally, the control of existing support systems largely relies on engineering experience or post-hoc remedial measures, lacking real-time and precise perception of the surrounding rock load state and the mechanical response of the support structure, as well as forward-looking dynamic control capabilities. This makes it impossible to achieve intelligent matching of support performance with the dynamic evolution of the surrounding rock, and thus difficult to adapt to the complex and ever-changing geomechanical environment of deep tunnels.

[0004] To fundamentally overcome the aforementioned technical bottlenecks, there is an urgent need to provide an integrated strong support method for deep roadways that coordinates the sources of dynamic and static loads, in order to provide a scientific, efficient, and economical systematic solution for deep roadway support and promote the leapfrog development of deep roadway support technology. Summary of the Invention

[0005] To address the problems existing in the prior art, this invention provides an integrated strong support method and system for the coordinated management of dynamic and static loads in deep roadways. This method achieves an organic unity of deformation resistance and impact resistance, significantly improving the overall adaptability and reliability of the support system to complex deep mechanical environments. Simultaneously, it avoids redundant material input, improving the economic efficiency of support engineering. This system enables source identification of dynamic and static loads in deep roadways, differentiated strong support, and intelligent closed-loop control, effectively solving fundamental problems in traditional support methods such as the confusion of dynamic and static loads, insufficient impact resistance, and poor adaptability of the support structure.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides an integrated strong support method for deep roadways with coordinated dynamic and static load sources, comprising the following steps:

[0007] S1: Dynamic and refined identification and zoning of load properties;

[0008] By continuously capturing the stress state and energy events of the surrounding rock through a multi-source monitoring network, a correlation model between stress evolution and microseismic events is established, quasi-static deformation load and dynamic impact load are distinguished, and the tunnel space is divided into a static load bearing area and a dynamic impact key protection area.

[0009] S2: Coordinated construction of active and passive support in the entire static load-bearing zone;

[0010] Within the first window after the tunnel is excavated, ultra-large tonnage prestressed anchor cables / rods are first constructed to apply pre-tightening force and actively establish a high-strength prestressed bearing arch. Then, a collapsible heavy U-shaped steel support is erected and steel fiber reinforced concrete is sprayed to form a composite protective structure. Subsequently, the synergistic effect of active and passive support units is quantitatively evaluated through the active-passive synergistic bearing effect coefficient.

[0011] S3: Nested structure of active energy absorption and passive energy dissipation in the critical protection zone for dynamic impact;

[0012] Inside the completed static load-bearing structure, on the one hand, active energy-absorbing units that meet the active energy dissipation index are added between the main anchor rods / cables, and on the other hand, passive energy-consuming units that meet the passive energy index are filled between the inner side of the U-shaped steel support and the concrete spraying layer.

[0013] Furthermore, in order to achieve intelligent closed-loop management of the support system with full-time perception, dynamic evaluation, and adaptive control, and to significantly improve the response speed and active control capability to complex dynamic and static loads, it also includes:

[0014] S4: Integrated intelligent linkage and status feedback control;

[0015] By collecting load and response data in real time through the multi-parameter sensor network embedded in the support structure, the central platform evaluates the stability of the main body and the energy consumption status of the protected area based on the coupling model, and issues early warnings or initiates maintenance as needed, thereby realizing dynamic adaptive control of the support system.

[0016] Furthermore, in order to accurately identify dynamic and static loads and scientifically divide the protection zones, the process of dynamic and refined identification and zoning of load properties in S1 is as follows:

[0017] S11: Deployment of a multi-source monitoring network; Deploy in-situ stress testing components, high-precision microseismic monitoring components, surrounding rock acoustic emission monitoring components and displacement monitoring components to form a multi-source monitoring network, and use the multi-source monitoring network to continuously capture and analyze the stress state, fracture process and energy events of the surrounding rock.

[0018] S12: Dynamic identification of load type; By establishing a correlation model between stress evolution and microseismic events, quasi-static deformation load and dynamic impact load are distinguished at the mechanical level. Among them, quasi-static deformation load is characterized by continuous compression dominated by the original rock stress, while dynamic impact load is characterized by instantaneous and violent release of elastic strain energy under strong disturbance.

[0019] S13: Support zone division; Based on the dynamic identification results of load type, the roadway space is divided into a static load bearing area mainly controlled by continuous compression and a dynamic impact critical protection area controlled by local impact risk.

[0020] Furthermore, to construct an effective three-dimensional integrated monitoring network covering surrounding rock stress, fracture, and displacement, and to provide a comprehensive and reliable data foundation for refined load identification and support zoning, in S11, the in-situ stress testing component consists of fiber optic grating in-situ stress sensors or hollow inclusion stress gauges embedded in boreholes at selected locations around the roadway, used to acquire the magnitude and direction of the original rock stress and its variation with mining operations; the high-precision microseismic monitoring component is a microseismic sensor array arranged along the roadway strike within the roof and sidewall rock masses, used to capture microseismic events generated by mining-induced rock mass fractures in real time, so as to delineate high-pressure areas through event location and energy calculation. Stress concentration zones and impact risk zones are identified for dynamic impact load identification. The surrounding rock acoustic emission monitoring component consists of acoustic emission sensors installed in shallow boreholes in the roadway to continuously monitor the spatiotemporal evolution of micro-fractures in the rock mass and identify the initiation, propagation, and plastic zone formation processes of surrounding rock damage. The displacement monitoring component includes a roadway surface convergence monitoring unit and a deep displacement monitoring unit. The roadway surface convergence monitoring unit consists of multi-point displacement gauges deployed at key locations to monitor the relative displacement changes of the roadway cross-section in the horizontal and vertical directions in real time. The deep displacement monitoring unit consists of multi-point displacement gauges deployed in the borehole to obtain the radial displacement distribution inside the surrounding rock.

[0021] Furthermore, in order to achieve efficient coordination between active and passive support in the static load-bearing zone and ensure that the structure is in the optimal load-bearing state, the process of coordinating the active and passive support in the entire static load-bearing zone in S2 is as follows:

[0022] S21: Construction of active support unit; actual preload determined based on minimum design preload and breaking load. Immediately after the tunnel is excavated, within the first window of operation, at locations of significant stress concentration in the roof and shoulder areas, install ultra-large tonnage prestressed anchor cables / rods, and apply actual prestress using prestressing equipment. In order to actively build a high-strength prestressed bearing arch in the surrounding rock, so as to strongly suppress the initial deformation and fracture development of the surrounding rock;

[0023] The actual preload is determined using the following procedure. :

[0024] S21-1: Determine the minimum design preload according to formula (1). ;

[0025] (1);

[0026] In the formula, This is the stress compensation coefficient; The estimated vertical stress in the original rock; and These refer to the anchor cable spacing and row spacing, respectively.

[0027] S21-2: Determine the actual preload according to formula (2) ;

[0028] (2);

[0029] In the formula, For breaking load;

[0030] S22: Passive support unit construction; a retractable heavy U-shaped steel support is erected across the entire cross section, and a high-strength steel fiber reinforced concrete layer is sprayed to form a composite protective structure;

[0031] At the same time, the initial locking torque is set according to formula (3). By precisely setting the initial locking torque of the bracket cable clamp This allows the composite sheath structure to provide an initial support reaction force higher than the average active support stress of the anchor / rod system;

[0032] (3);

[0033] In the formula, This is the passive coordination coefficient; Average preload of anchor cable / rod; d represents the number of cable clamps per bracket; d represents the nominal diameter of the cable clamp bolt. The conversion factor for the support area of ​​a single support frame;

[0034] S23: Evaluation of the effectiveness of active and passive synergy; the active and passive synergy carrying capacity coefficient is defined according to formula (4). Through the active and passive synergistic carrying capacity coefficient Quantitative assessment measures the immediate synergistic effectiveness of active and passive support units. When the structure is in a state of efficient and coordinated load-bearing, it is determined that the structure is in a state of efficient and coordinated load-bearing. When the situation indicates insufficient synergy between active and passive reinforcement, one or a combination of the following reinforcement measures should be taken: appropriately increase the anchor cable preload, increase the cable clamping torque of the U-shaped steel bracket, or densify the anchor cable / bracket arrangement until the reassessment achieves the desired effect. ;

[0035] (4);

[0036] In the formula, The initial support force of the passive structure is calculated based on the torque setting of the cable clamp. The average active support force provided to the anchor cable / rod system; Measured deformation at key points in the roadway after support; For the measured deformation The allowable deformation for the corresponding key points.

[0037] Furthermore, in order to achieve efficient graded dissipation and toughness protection against dynamic impact loads, the active energy absorption and passive energy dissipation nested construction process of the key dynamic impact protection zone in S3 is as follows:

[0038] S31: Construction of nested active energy absorption units; Inside the completed static load-bearing structure, based on the impact risk, active energy absorption units that meet the active energy dissipation index are added between the main anchors / cables in the critical impact zone; The active energy absorption unit is a constant resistance large deformation energy absorption anchor with an internally integrated constant resistance large deformation mechanism. When subjected to a sudden strong impact, it can generate a large stroke stable sliding deformation while maintaining a constant working resistance, and convert the impact kinetic energy into frictional heat energy dissipation;

[0039] Select the active energy absorption unit using the following procedure:

[0040] S31-1: Calculate the energy dissipation capacity of the constant resistance large deformation energy-absorbing anchor bolt according to formula (5). ;

[0041] (5);

[0042] In the formula, The constant working resistance of the constant resistance large deformation mechanism in the constant resistance large deformation energy-absorbing anchor bolt; The maximum relief stroke is designed for the constant resistance large deformation mechanism;

[0043] S31-2: Select constant resistance large deformation energy-absorbing anchor bolts that satisfy formula (6) as active energy-absorbing units;

[0044] (6);

[0045] In the formula, Estimate the kinetic energy of a single impact in the key area; The energy dissipation ratio coefficient allocated to the constant resistance large deformation energy-absorbing anchor bolt, 0 < ζ < 1;

[0046] S32: Construction of nested passive energy dissipation units; between the U-shaped steel support and the concrete spraying layer in the critical impact zone, passive energy dissipation units that meet the passive energy index are filled; the passive energy dissipation unit is a high-performance compressible flexible energy dissipation material layer that undergoes compression deformation when subjected to impact stress waves, and absorbs and dissipates impact energy through internal pore collapse, material flow or damping friction.

[0047] Select passive energy dissipation units using the following procedure:

[0048] S32-1: Calculate the total compressive deformation energy of the high-performance compressible flexible energy-dissipating material according to formula (7). ;

[0049] (7);

[0050] In the formula, This represents the total compressive deformation energy of the filling layer. To effectively compress the volume of the filling layer; This represents the compressive stress-strain relationship of the material. To allow the maximum compressive strain;

[0051] S32-2: Select high-performance compressible flexible energy-consuming materials that satisfy formula (8) as passive energy-consuming units;

[0052] (8);

[0053] In the formula, The energy dissipation ratio coefficient allocated to high-performance compressible flexible energy-dissipating materials, 0 < η < 1.

[0054] Furthermore, in order to achieve dynamic adaptive control of the support system, the integrated intelligent linkage and state feedback control process in S4 is as follows:

[0055] S41: Feedback sensor network deployment; fiber optic strain gauges, pressure sensors, displacement gauges and micro-vibration sensors are deployed inside the support structure to form a multi-parameter sensor network integrated into the support structure.

[0056] S42: Feedback data acquisition and transmission; Load, strain, displacement and microseismic signals of multi-parameter sensor network are continuously acquired by distributed data acquisition unit as multi-source data, and transmitted to the central intelligent analysis and decision-making platform in real time via wired or wireless network.

[0057] S43: Load-support coupling analysis; The central intelligent analysis and decision-making platform integrates multi-source data based on the built-in load-support coupling analysis model, and calculates the stability index of the main load-bearing area and the energy consumption status parameters of the key protection area in real time.

[0058] S44: Status assessment and threshold judgment; compare the real-time calculated values ​​of stability indicators and energy consumption status parameters with the preset warning thresholds and design allowable values ​​to assess whether the current working status of the support system is within the safe range and identify potential risks.

[0059] S45: Early warning and control decision-making; if the status is abnormal, a graded early warning signal will be triggered, and reinforcement measures will be automatically or manually initiated according to the preset maintenance plan.

[0060] S46: Closed-loop feedback and adaptive control; The evaluation results and control action records are fed back to the load-support coupling analysis model to optimize the subsequent stage transition criteria and support parameters, so as to realize the dynamic evaluation and adaptive control of the support system performance.

[0061] This invention, through innovative load-support coupling theory and construction sequence control logic, forms a sequentially constructed, functionally complementary, integrated composite protection system that simultaneously ensures strong deformation resistance and efficient impact resistance. It effectively solves the problem of coordinating resistance to continuous deformation and absorption of sudden impacts in deep tunnel support, providing a scientific, efficient, and economical integrated system solution for deep tunnels based on existing materials and components. Specifically: First, a multi-source monitoring network continuously captures surrounding rock stress and energy events, establishing a stress-microseismic correlation model to accurately distinguish between quasi-static deformation loads and dynamic impact loads. Simultaneously, based on the identification results, the tunnel space is scientifically divided into a global static bearing area and a dynamic impact critical protection area, providing a precise design basis for subsequent zoned differentiated support and avoiding the waste or inadequacy caused by a one-size-fits-all approach. Thus, by establishing a load dynamic identification mechanism, the static and dynamic loads on the tunnel can be scientifically distinguished, helping to transform support design from a traditional general approach to a precise response based on load properties, providing reliable technical support for constructing a targeted protection system. Next, for quasi-static loads, within the first time window after tunnel excavation, ultra-large tonnage prestressed anchor cables / rods were constructed across the entire cross-section and ultra-high preload was applied to provide strong active restraint, actively establishing a high-strength prestressed bearing arch that strongly suppressed early deformation and fracture development of the surrounding rock. Following this, a retractable heavy-duty U-shaped steel support with high initial stiffness, high sliding resistance, and controllable pressure relief characteristics was erected and fiber-reinforced concrete was sprayed onto it. This constructed a main bearing ring based on active support using ultra-high preload anchor cables and passive support using high-resistance retractable supports, forming a composite protective structure that effectively controls deformation. High resistance pressure relief was achieved by precisely setting the cable locking torque, providing a passive support reaction force slightly higher than the active support stress, significantly improving the ability to control surrounding rock deformation. Because the synergistic effect of active anchor cables and passive supports in traditional support systems lacks quantitative standards, problems such as mismatch between preload and support resistance, and unreasonable timing connections easily arise. Therefore, an active-passive synergistic bearing effect coefficient is introduced to evaluate the synergistic efficiency, ensuring a close coupling between the two in terms of timing and mechanics, forming a highly efficient synergistic bearing effect. This significantly improves the overall stability and deformation resistance of the static load zone, laying the foundation for the nesting of the dynamic load zone buffer system. Thus, through the instantaneous rigid coupling of ultra-large tonnage prestressed anchor cables and high-resistance controllable sliding supports, a bearing ring with high resistance controlling deformation is formed. Furthermore, for dynamic impact loads, constant resistance energy-absorbing anchors (active) and flexible energy-dissipating layers (passive) are sequentially nested and implanted in the pre-determined impact critical zones within the static load-bearing structure. By adding constant resistance large deformation energy-absorbing anchors through nesting, their constant resistance large deformation mechanism can generate a large stroke sliding with constant resistance under instantaneous impact, converting impact kinetic energy into frictional heat energy dissipation, meeting the preset energy dissipation index.Simultaneously, a high-performance compressible flexible energy-dissipating material layer is filled between the inner side of the U-shaped steel support and the concrete spraying layer. Through compression deformation, pore collapse, and damping friction, the impact energy is absorbed and dissipated, meeting the total compression deformation energy index. Thus, based on the nested synergy of active energy absorption units and passive energy dissipation units in the risk area, a local buffer system combining active energy absorption and passive energy dissipation, with high-toughness energy dissipation as the main feature, is formed. This local buffer system is nested inside the static load-bearing structure, forming a complementary pattern of basic bearing and local buffer with the static load anti-crushing system. This achieves an organic connection between static load deformation resistance and dynamic load impact resistance, ultimately realizing the graded and efficient dissipation of dynamic impact loads, significantly improving the impact toughness and structural safety of the critical protection area.

[0062] This innovative method treats the entire support process as a controllable dynamic system. By clearly defining stage divisions and conversion criteria, and constructing a time-series logic and spatial nesting design based on load properties, it designs differentiated active and passive support structures for static loads and dynamic impacts respectively. This achieves an organic unity of deformation resistance and impact resistance, significantly improving the comprehensive adaptability and reliability of the support system to deep and complex mechanical environments. At the same time, it avoids redundant material input and improves the economy of support engineering.

[0063] This invention also provides an integrated strong support system for deep roadways with separate sources of dynamic and static loads, which is used to realize an integrated strong support method for deep roadways with separate sources of dynamic and static loads. It includes a multi-source monitoring network, a load fine identification module, a main strong support collaborative construction subsystem, a key area strong buffer nested construction subsystem, and an integrated intelligent monitoring and feedback platform.

[0064] The multi-source monitoring network is used to continuously capture the stress state, fracture process and energy events of the surrounding rock, and send them to the load fine identification module;

[0065] The load refinement identification module is used to distinguish between quasi-static deformation loads and dynamic impact loads at the mechanical level based on the built-in correlation model of stress evolution and micro-seismic events, and to divide the tunnel space into a full-domain static load bearing area and a dynamic impact key protection area.

[0066] The main strong support collaborative construction subsystem includes a high-torque anchor cable drilling rig, pre-tensioning equipment, automated steel fiber concrete wet spraying unit, heavy-duty U-shaped steel support installation robotic arm and high-precision torque wrench, which are used to implement the collaborative construction of active and passive support in the entire static load bearing area.

[0067] The critical area strong buffer nested construction subsystem includes a special installation tool for constant resistance large deformation energy-absorbing anchor bolts and a modular laying device for flexible energy-consuming materials. It is used to perform functional nesting and local reinforcement of the dynamic impact critical protection area within the completed static load bearing structure according to the impact risk.

[0068] The integrated intelligent monitoring and feedback platform includes a multi-parameter sensor network, a distributed data acquisition unit, a central intelligent analysis and decision-making platform, and an early warning module. The multi-parameter sensor network is used to collect load, strain, displacement, and microseismic signals as multi-source data and send them to the distributed data acquisition unit. The distributed data acquisition unit is used to transmit the multi-source data to the central intelligent analysis and decision-making platform. The central intelligent analysis and decision-making platform is used to receive the multi-source data, the surrounding rock load zoning results, surrounding rock stress state, fracture process, and energy events output by the load fine identification module, and to fuse the multi-source data based on the built-in load-support coupling analysis model. It calculates the stability index of the main bearing area and the energy consumption state parameters of the key protection area in real time, and compares them with the preset early warning threshold and design allowable value to assess whether the current working state of the support system is within the safe range. If the state is abnormal, an early warning signal is sent to the early warning module, and reinforcement measures are automatically initiated according to the preset maintenance plan or maintenance suggestions are sent manually. The early warning module is used to execute early warning actions after receiving the early warning signal.

[0069] Furthermore, in order to construct a three-dimensional monitoring network that effectively covers the stress, fracture, and deformation of the surrounding rock, and to provide a comprehensive and reliable data foundation for refined load identification and support zoning, the multi-source monitoring network includes a ground stress testing component, a high-precision microseismic monitoring component, a surrounding rock acoustic emission monitoring component, and a displacement monitoring component. The ground stress testing component consists of fiber optic grating ground stress sensors or hollow inclusion stress gauges embedded in boreholes at selected locations around the roadway. The high-precision microseismic monitoring component consists of a microseismic sensor array arranged along the roadway direction in the roof and sidewall rock mass. The surrounding rock acoustic emission monitoring component consists of acoustic emission sensors installed in shallow boreholes within the roadway. The displacement monitoring component includes a roadway surface convergence monitoring unit and a deep displacement monitoring unit.

[0070] Furthermore, to achieve comprehensive and precise monitoring of the stress, deformation, and surrounding rock fracturing of the support structure, and to provide complete data support for intelligent feedback control, the multi-parameter sensor network includes fiber optic strain gauges, pressure sensors, displacement gauges, and microseismic sensors. The fiber optic strain gauges are attached or embedded in the surface of the anchor / cable along its axial direction to measure the strain signal of the anchor / cable. Simultaneously, they are longitudinally arranged on the web or flange surface of the U-shaped steel support to monitor the bending strain signal of the support, and also embedded in the shotcrete layer or lining to monitor the strain signal of the structural layer. The pressure sensor is installed between the anchor / cable's tray and nut to measure the anchor's axial force. The system includes: a cable clamping point on the U-shaped steel support for monitoring cable clamping force and support force signals; a rock pressure signal between the support and the surrounding rock; a displacement gauge installed at the tail or inside the constant-resistance large-deformation energy-absorbing anchor for monitoring tensile deformation; a retractable joint on the U-shaped steel support for measuring support slippage; and a micro-vibration sensor installed in the borehole of the surrounding rock in the critical impact protection zone and on the flange surface of the U-shaped steel support for capturing rock fracture and support structure vibration signals and monitoring dynamic impact events.

[0071] In this invention, a multi-source monitoring network and a load refinement identification module work together to continuously capture surrounding rock stress, fracture, and energy events. Based on a stress-microseismic correlation model, it accurately distinguishes between quasi-static deformation loads and dynamic impact loads, scientifically dividing the static load-bearing zone and the dynamic load protection zone, providing a precise basis for differentiated support. The main strong support collaborative construction subsystem integrates a high-torque anchor drilling rig, pre-tensioning equipment, an automated wet spraying unit, a heavy-duty U-shaped steel support installation robotic arm, and a high-precision torque wrench. It can efficiently implement the collaborative construction of active and passive support, ensuring that the support structure in the static load zone is tightly coupled in terms of time and mechanics, forming a highly efficient collaborative load-bearing state. The critical area strong buffer nested construction subsystem is equipped with a special installation tool for constant resistance large deformation energy-absorbing anchor bolts and a modular laying device for flexible energy-dissipating materials. It can quickly add active energy-absorbing units and passive energy-dissipating units inside the static load structure, realizing graded dissipation and buffering of dynamic impact loads, and significantly improving the impact toughness of the critical protection zone. The integrated intelligent monitoring and feedback platform comprises a multi-parameter sensor network, distributed acquisition units, a central intelligent analysis and decision-making platform, and an early warning module. It can collect real-time data on load, strain, displacement, and microseismic signals of the support structure. Through a coupled model, it dynamically assesses the stability of the main load-bearing area and the energy consumption status of the protected area, comparing these assessments with preset thresholds. In case of anomalies, it automatically triggers tiered early warnings and reinforcement measures. Simultaneously, it feeds back the assessment results to optimize subsequent decisions, facilitating the formation of an intelligent control system encompassing perception, analysis, decision-making, execution, and feedback. Each subsystem in this invention can be constructed based on existing mature components and equipment. The modular design facilitates rapid on-site construction and maintenance, reduces the difficulty of technology promotion, and significantly improves the adaptability, reliability, and economy of the support system.

[0072] This system enables source identification of dynamic and static loads in deep roadways, differentiated strong support, and intelligent closed-loop control. It effectively solves fundamental problems in traditional support methods, such as confusion between dynamic and static loads, insufficient impact resistance, and poor adaptability of support structures. It provides a systematic and intelligent solution for roadway safety control under deep and complex geological conditions. Attached Figure Description

[0073] Figure 1 This is a flowchart of the support method of the present invention;

[0074] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the support system of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0075] The invention will now be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0076] like Figure 1 As shown, this invention provides an integrated strong support method for deep roadways with coordinated dynamic and static load sources, comprising the following steps:

[0077] S1: Dynamic and refined identification and zoning of load properties;

[0078] By continuously capturing the stress state and energy events of the surrounding rock through a multi-source monitoring network, a correlation model between stress evolution and microseismic events is established, quasi-static deformation loads and dynamic impact loads are distinguished, and the tunnel space is divided into a static load bearing area and a dynamic impact key protection area, providing a basis for subsequent differentiated support design.

[0079] S2: Coordinated construction of active and passive support in the entire static load-bearing zone;

[0080] Within the first window after the tunnel is excavated, ultra-large tonnage prestressed anchor cables / rods are first constructed to apply pre-tightening force and actively establish a high-strength prestressed bearing arch. Then, a collapsible heavy U-shaped steel support is erected and steel fiber reinforced concrete is sprayed to form a composite protective structure. Subsequently, the synergistic effect of active and passive support units is quantitatively evaluated through the active-passive synergistic bearing effect coefficient.

[0081] S3: Nested structure of active energy absorption and passive energy dissipation in the critical protection zone for dynamic impact;

[0082] Inside the completed static load-bearing structure, on the one hand, active energy-absorbing units that meet the active energy dissipation index are added between the main anchors / cables, and on the other hand, passive energy-dissipating units that meet the passive energy index are filled between the inner side of the U-shaped steel support and the concrete spraying layer, so as to achieve effective buffering and dispersion of impact stress.

[0083] To achieve intelligent closed-loop management of the support system, enabling full-time perception, dynamic evaluation, and adaptive adjustment, and to significantly improve the response speed and active control capability to complex dynamic and static loads, the following measures are also included:

[0084] S4: Integrated intelligent linkage and status feedback control;

[0085] By collecting load and response data in real time through the multi-parameter sensor network embedded in the support structure, the central platform evaluates the stability of the main body and the energy consumption status of the protected area based on the coupling model, and issues early warnings or initiates maintenance as needed, thereby realizing dynamic adaptive control of the support system.

[0086] In this technical solution, the integrated intelligent linkage and state feedback control process integrates a closed-loop control mechanism of intelligent perception and decision feedback, enabling the support system to actively and orderly adjust its overall stiffness according to the real-time feedback of surrounding rock deformation. It undergoes an evolution process of immediate strengthening, controllable pressure relief, synergistic enhancement, and final stabilization, ensuring that the system can dynamically and continuously optimize its performance according to the surrounding rock condition. This achieves adaptive control of tunnel deformation and integrated construction of the load-bearing structure, ultimately achieving the optimal balance between safety and economy.

[0087] In order to accurately identify dynamic and static loads and scientifically divide the protection zones, the process of dynamic and refined identification and zoning of load properties in S1 is as follows:

[0088] S11: Deployment of a multi-source monitoring network; Deploy in-situ stress testing components, high-precision microseismic monitoring components, surrounding rock acoustic emission monitoring components and displacement monitoring components to form a multi-source monitoring network, and use the multi-source monitoring network to continuously capture and analyze the stress state, fracture process and energy events of the surrounding rock.

[0089] S12: Dynamic identification of load type; By establishing a correlation model between stress evolution and microseismic events, quasi-static deformation load and dynamic impact load are distinguished at the mechanical level. Among them, quasi-static deformation load is characterized by continuous compression dominated by the original rock stress, while dynamic impact load is characterized by instantaneous and violent release of elastic strain energy under strong disturbance.

[0090] S13: Support zone division; Based on the dynamic identification results of load type, the roadway space is divided into a static load bearing area mainly controlled by continuous compression and a dynamic impact critical protection area controlled by local impact risk.

[0091] In this technical solution, by constructing a multi-source monitoring network and establishing a stress-microseismic correlation model, the quasi-static deformation load and dynamic impact load of the surrounding rock are accurately identified. This allows for the precise division of the tunnel space into a static load-bearing zone and a dynamic impact critical protection zone, providing an accurate design basis for subsequent zoned and differentiated collaborative support, and significantly improving the pertinence and reliability of the support scheme.

[0092] To construct an effective three-dimensional integrated monitoring network covering surrounding rock stress, fracture, and displacement, and to provide a comprehensive and reliable data foundation for refined load identification and support zoning, in S11, the in-situ stress testing component consists of fiber optic grating in-situ stress sensors or hollow inclusion stress gauges embedded in boreholes at selected locations around the roadway. These sensors are used to acquire the magnitude and direction of the original rock stress and its variation with mining activities, providing an initial stress field benchmark for load zoning and support design. The high-precision microseismic monitoring component is an array of microseismic sensors arranged along the roadway strike within the roof and sidewall rock masses. This array is used to capture microseismic events generated by mining-induced rock mass fractures in real time, allowing for the delineation of high-stress concentration areas and impact risk zones through event location and energy calculation, for dynamic impact load analysis. Identification: The surrounding rock acoustic emission monitoring component consists of acoustic emission sensors installed in boreholes in the shallow part of the roadway (roof, shoulder, and sidewalls) to continuously monitor the spatiotemporal evolution of microfractures in the rock mass, identify the initiation, propagation, and plastic zone formation processes of surrounding rock damage, and provide microscopic evidence for the evolution of quasi-static loads; The displacement monitoring component includes a roadway surface convergence monitoring unit and a deep displacement monitoring unit; The roadway surface convergence monitoring unit consists of multi-point surface displacement gauges deployed at key locations such as the midpoint of the roof, the midpoint of the two sidewalls, and the shoulder, used to monitor the relative displacement changes of the roadway cross-section in the horizontal and vertical directions in real time; The deep displacement monitoring unit consists of multi-point deep displacement gauges deployed in the boreholes, used to obtain the radial displacement distribution inside the surrounding rock, and used to evaluate the deformation of the support structure and the stability of the surrounding rock.

[0093] To achieve efficient coordination between active and passive supports in the static load-bearing zone and ensure the structure is in optimal load-bearing condition, the process of constructing active and passive supports in the entire static load-bearing zone in S2 is as follows:

[0094] S21: Construction of active support unit; actual preload determined based on minimum design preload and breaking load. Immediately after the tunnel is excavated, within the first window of construction, across the entire cross-section, especially in the roof and shoulder areas where stress concentration is significant, ultra-large tonnage prestressed anchor cables / rods are installed, and the actual prestress is applied using prestressing equipment. In order to actively and quickly establish a high-strength prestressed bearing arch in the surrounding rock, so as to strongly suppress the initial deformation and fracture development of the surrounding rock;

[0095] The actual preload is determined using the following procedure. :

[0096] S21-1: Determine the minimum design preload according to formula (1). ;

[0097] (1);

[0098] In the formula, This is the stress compensation coefficient, with a value ranging from 0.3 to 0.5; The estimated vertical stress in the original rock; and These refer to the anchor cable spacing and row spacing, respectively.

[0099] S21-2: Determine the actual preload according to formula (2) ;

[0100] (2);

[0101] In the formula, For breaking load;

[0102] S22: Passive support unit construction; a retractable heavy U-shaped steel support with high initial stiffness and high sliding resistance is erected across the entire cross section, and a high-strength steel fiber reinforced concrete layer is sprayed to form a composite protective structure; at the same time, the initial locking torque is set according to formula (3). By precisely setting the initial locking torque of the bracket cable clamp This allows the composite support structure to provide an initial support reaction force slightly higher than the average active support stress of the anchor / rod system; thus, when the surrounding rock pressure exceeds the initial locking torque... At that time, the support cable generates controllable sliding according to the preset constant resistance characteristics, realizing high resistance pressure relief and forming the first solid defense line in real time coordination with the active unit;

[0103] (3);

[0104] In the formula, This is the passive coordination coefficient, with a value ranging from 1.1 to 1.3. Average preload of anchor cable / rod; d represents the number of cable clamps per bracket; d represents the nominal diameter of the cable clamp bolt. The conversion factor for the support area of ​​a single support frame;

[0105] S23: Evaluation of the effectiveness of active and passive synergy; the active and passive synergy carrying capacity coefficient is defined according to formula (4). Through the active and passive synergistic carrying capacity coefficient Quantitative assessment measures the immediate synergistic effectiveness of active and passive support units. At that time, the active and passive synergistic effect is excellent, indicating that the structure is in a state of efficient synergistic load-bearing; when When the situation indicates insufficient synergy between active and passive support, one or a combination of the following reinforcement measures should be taken: appropriately increase the anchor cable preload (to increase the contribution of active support), increase the cable clamping torque of the U-shaped steel bracket (to improve the initial stiffness of passive support), or densify the anchor cable / bracket arrangement until the reassessment achieves the desired effect. ;

[0106] (4);

[0107] In the formula, The initial support force of the passive structure is calculated based on the torque setting of the cable clamp. The average active support force provided to the anchor cable / rod system; Measured deformation at key points in the roadway after support; For the measured deformation The allowable deformation for the corresponding key points.

[0108] In this technical solution, the actual prestressing force of ultra-large tonnage prestressed anchor cables / rods is quantitatively determined, and a high-strength prestressed bearing arch is actively established within the first time window after excavation, which can strongly suppress early deformation of the surrounding rock. Subsequently, a high initial stiffness collapsible heavy-duty U-shaped steel support is erected and steel fiber reinforced concrete is sprayed. By precisely setting the initial locking torque of the cable clamps, a passive support reaction force slightly higher than the active support stress is provided, achieving high resistance and pressure relief. At the same time, the active and passive synergistic bearing effect coefficient is introduced to quantitatively evaluate the synergistic efficiency, which can effectively ensure that the structure is in a highly efficient synergistic bearing state. This process achieves a close coupling of active and passive support in terms of time and mechanics, which not only gives full play to the immediate constraint capability of the active unit, but also utilizes the controllable pressure relief characteristics of the passive unit to coordinate stress release, significantly improving the overall stability and deformation resistance of the static load bearing zone.

[0109] To achieve efficient graded dissipation and toughness protection against dynamic impact loads, the active energy absorption and passive energy dissipation nested construction process of the key dynamic impact protection zone in S3 is as follows:

[0110] S31: Construction of nested active energy absorption units; within the completed static load-bearing structure, based on the impact risk, active energy absorption units that meet the active energy dissipation index are added between the main anchors / cables in the critical impact zone; the active energy absorption unit is a constant resistance large deformation energy absorption anchor with an internally integrated constant resistance large deformation mechanism. When subjected to a sudden strong impact, it can generate a large stroke stable sliding deformation while maintaining extremely high constant working resistance, and convert the impact kinetic energy into frictional heat energy dissipation through constant resistance work.

[0111] Select the active energy absorption unit using the following procedure:

[0112] S31-1: Calculate the energy dissipation capacity of the constant resistance large deformation energy-absorbing anchor bolt according to formula (5). ;

[0113] (5);

[0114] In the formula, The constant working resistance of the constant resistance large deformation mechanism in the constant resistance large deformation energy-absorbing anchor bolt; The maximum relief stroke is designed for the constant resistance large deformation mechanism;

[0115] S31-2: Select constant resistance large deformation energy-absorbing anchor bolts that satisfy formula (6) as active energy-absorbing units;

[0116] (6);

[0117] In the formula, Estimate the kinetic energy of a single impact in the key area; The energy dissipation ratio coefficient allocated to the constant resistance large deformation energy-absorbing anchor bolt, 0 < ζ < 1;

[0118] S32: Construction of nested passive energy dissipation units; between the U-shaped steel support and the concrete spraying layer in the critical impact zone, passive energy dissipation units that meet the passive energy index are filled; the passive energy dissipation unit is a high-performance compressible flexible energy dissipation material layer that undergoes compression deformation when subjected to impact stress waves, and absorbs and dissipates impact energy through internal pore collapse, material flow or damping friction, while buffering and dispersing impact force.

[0119] Select passive energy dissipation units using the following procedure:

[0120] S32-1: Calculate the total compressive deformation energy of the high-performance compressible flexible energy-dissipating material according to formula (7). ;

[0121] (7);

[0122] In the formula, This represents the total compressive deformation energy of the filling layer. To effectively compress the volume of the filling layer; This represents the compressive stress-strain relationship of the material. To allow the maximum compressive strain;

[0123] S32-2: Select high-performance compressible flexible energy-consuming materials that satisfy formula (8) as passive energy-consuming units;

[0124] (8);

[0125] In the formula, The energy dissipation ratio coefficient allocated to high-performance compressible flexible energy-dissipating materials, 0 < η < 1.

[0126] In this technical solution, an embedded impact protection system is constructed based on a strategy of functional nesting and local reinforcement. By quantitatively calculating the energy dissipation capacity of the constant resistance large deformation energy-absorbing anchor and the total compressive deformation energy of the flexible energy-dissipating material layer, and selecting active and passive energy-dissipating units that meet the energy distribution index based on the estimated impact kinetic energy, a nested protection system of active energy absorption and passive energy dissipation is constructed in the critical impact area. This achieves the stepwise dissipation and buffering of dynamic impact loads, significantly improving the impact toughness and structural safety of the critical area.

[0127] To achieve dynamic adaptive control of the support system, the integrated intelligent linkage and state feedback control process in S4 is as follows:

[0128] S41: Feedback sensor network deployment; fiber optic strain gauges, pressure sensors, displacement gauges and micro-vibration sensors are deployed inside the support structure (including anchor / cable rods, trays, U-shaped steel supports, sprayed layer and subsequent lining) to form a multi-parameter sensor network integrated into the support structure.

[0129] S42: Feedback data acquisition and transmission; Load, strain, displacement and microseismic signals of multi-parameter sensor network are continuously acquired by distributed data acquisition unit as multi-source data, and transmitted to the central intelligent analysis and decision-making platform in real time via wired or wireless network.

[0130] S43: Load-support coupling analysis; The central intelligent analysis and decision-making platform integrates multi-source data based on the built-in load-support coupling analysis model, and calculates the stability indicators of the main bearing area (such as the overall safety factor and bearing ratio) and the energy consumption status parameters of the key protection area (such as the cumulative energy release rate and the remaining energy absorption capacity) in real time.

[0131] S44: Status assessment and threshold judgment; compare the real-time calculated values ​​of stability indicators and energy consumption status parameters with the preset warning thresholds and design allowable values ​​to assess whether the current working status of the support system is within the safe range and identify potential risks.

[0132] S45: Early warning and control decision-making; if the condition is abnormal (e.g., the safety factor is lower than the allowable value, the energy-consuming material is close to the compression limit, the constant resistance stroke of the anchor is exhausted, etc.), a graded early warning signal will be triggered, and reinforcement measures will be automatically or manually initiated according to the preset maintenance plan (e.g., supplementary grouting, additional anchors, adjustment of the cable clamping torque of the support, etc.).

[0133] S46: Closed-loop feedback and adaptive control; The evaluation results and control action records are fed back to the load-support coupling analysis model to optimize the subsequent stage transition criteria and support parameters, so as to realize the dynamic evaluation and adaptive control of the support system performance.

[0134] In this technical solution, a fully closed-loop data link is established between a multi-parameter sensor network, distributed acquisition, and a central intelligent analysis platform. This enables real-time fusion and coupled analysis of load, strain, displacement, and microseismic signals of the support structure. It can dynamically calculate stability indicators and energy consumption state parameters, and accurately compare them with early warning thresholds and design allowable values. When the state is abnormal, it automatically triggers graded early warnings and reinforcement measures. At the same time, it feeds back the evaluation results and control actions to the analysis model, continuously optimizing the subsequent stage transition criteria and support parameters. This significantly improves the intelligent perception, rapid response, and adaptive control capabilities of the support system.

[0135] This invention abandons the approach of treating roadway loads as a whole and simply improving component performance or combining them in a simplistic way. Instead, it innovates theories and reconstructs methods from the source of load action mechanisms and support response logic. Through real-time monitoring and analysis, for the first time in engineering practice, based on the dynamic identification of the origin and action mechanism of surrounding rock loads, the loads acting on the roadway are scientifically decoupled into quasi-static deformation loads characterized by continuous compression under high ground stress and dynamic impact loads characterized by instantaneous and violent energy release. Based on this physical understanding, an innovative differentiated collaborative support system was constructed. For static loads, a collaborative anti-crushing structure with immediate strong constraint and high resistance to compression was designed; for dynamic loads, a nested energy-absorbing and energy-dissipating collaborative buffer structure was designed. Through strict construction sequence control and spatial nesting logic, the two systems are deeply integrated in space and function. Ultimately, based on existing mature support components, an integrated composite protection system with sequential construction and complementary functions was formed through innovative load-support coupling theory and construction sequence control logic. This system effectively solves the problem of coordinating resistance to continuous deformation and absorption of sudden impacts in deep tunnel support, providing a scientific, efficient, and economical integrated system solution based on existing materials and components for deep tunnels. Specifically: First, a multi-source monitoring network continuously captures surrounding rock stress and energy events, establishing a stress-microseismic correlation model to accurately distinguish between quasi-static deformation loads and dynamic impact loads. Simultaneously, based on the identification results, the tunnel space was scientifically divided into a static load-bearing zone and a dynamic impact critical protection zone, providing a precise design basis for subsequent zoned differentiated support and avoiding waste or inadequacy caused by a one-size-fits-all approach. Thus, by establishing a load dynamic identification mechanism, the static and dynamic loads on the tunnel can be scientifically distinguished, helping to transform support design from a traditional, general approach to a precise response based on load properties, providing reliable technical support for constructing a targeted protection system. Next, for quasi-static loads, within the first time window after tunnel excavation, ultra-large tonnage prestressed anchor cables / rods were constructed across the entire cross-section and ultra-high preload was applied to provide strong active restraint, actively establishing a high-strength prestressed load-bearing arch, effectively suppressing early deformation and fracture development of the surrounding rock. Following this, a retractable heavy-duty U-shaped steel support with high initial stiffness, high sliding resistance, and controllable pressure relief characteristics was erected and fiber-reinforced concrete was sprayed on. This constructed a main bearing ring based on active support using ultra-high pre-tension anchor cables and passive support using high-resistance retractable supports, forming a composite protective structure that can effectively control deformation. By precisely setting the cable clamping torque, high resistance pressure relief was achieved, providing a passive support reaction force slightly higher than the active support stress, which can significantly improve the ability to control the deformation of the surrounding rock.Because the synergistic effect of active anchor cables and passive supports in traditional support systems lacks quantitative standards, problems such as mismatch between preload and support resistance, and unreasonable timing connections easily arise. Therefore, an active-passive synergistic bearing effect coefficient is introduced to evaluate the synergistic efficiency, ensuring a close coupling between the two in terms of timing and mechanics, forming a highly efficient synergistic bearing effect. This significantly improves the overall stability and deformation resistance of the static load zone, laying the foundation for the nesting of the dynamic load zone buffer system. Thus, through the instantaneous rigid coupling of ultra-large tonnage prestressed anchor cables (active support) and high-resistance controllable sliding supports (passive support), a bearing ring with high resistance controlling deformation is formed. Furthermore, for dynamic impact loads, constant resistance energy-absorbing anchors (active) and flexible energy-dissipating layers (passive) are sequentially nested and implanted in the pre-determined impact critical zones within the static load-bearing structure. By adding constant resistance large deformation energy-absorbing anchors through nesting, their constant resistance large deformation mechanism can generate a large stroke sliding with constant resistance under instantaneous impact, converting impact kinetic energy into frictional heat energy dissipation, meeting the preset energy dissipation index. Simultaneously, a high-performance compressible flexible energy-dissipating material layer is filled between the inner side of the U-shaped steel support and the concrete spraying layer. Through compression deformation, pore collapse, and damping friction, the impact energy is absorbed and dissipated, meeting the total compression deformation energy index. Thus, based on the nested synergy of active energy absorption units (active energy absorption) and passive energy dissipation units (passive energy dissipation) in the risk area, a local buffer system combining active energy absorption and passive energy dissipation, with high-toughness energy dissipation as the main feature, is formed. This local buffer system is nested inside the static load-bearing structure, forming a complementary pattern of basic bearing and local buffer with the static load anti-crushing system, realizing the organic connection between static load deformation resistance and dynamic load impact resistance. Ultimately, it achieves graded and efficient dissipation of dynamic impact loads, significantly improving the impact toughness and structural safety of the critical protection area.

[0136] This invention addresses the unique characteristics of deep roadways where dynamic and static loads coexist and have different physical natures. It innovatively proposes an integrated strong support strategy that first identifies and zons the loads, then coordinates their respective sources. These three steps are progressive and closely linked. Dynamic and refined identification and zoning of load properties provide precise basis for subsequent source-based support, serving as the prerequisite for the entire technical chain. The coordinated construction of active and passive support in the entire static load-bearing zone to build the overall load-bearing foundation is the core of the system. The nested construction of active energy absorption and passive energy dissipation in the dynamic impact critical protection zone to supplement local buffering capacity is the key guarantee of the system. Together, these three elements constitute a complete technical system from load identification to coordinated protection, effectively solving fundamental problems in traditional support methods such as the confusion of dynamic and static loads, insufficient impact resistance, and poor adaptability of support structures. This significantly improves the overall stability, safety margin, and long-term reliability of deep roadways under complex dynamic and static load conditions.

[0137] This innovative method treats the entire support process as a controllable dynamic system. By clearly defining stage divisions and transformation criteria, and constructing a time-series logic and spatial nesting design based on load properties, it designs differentiated active and passive support structures for static loads and dynamic impacts. Since each component of deep tunnel support can easily lead to problems such as the inability of passive support to compensate for active support failure and mechanical disconnect between buffer structures and load-bearing structures when acting independently, this method closely links high-preload active support, constant resistance deformation relief, surrounding rock grouting modification, retractable rigid supports, and final lining in terms of time sequence and mechanical logic. It optimizes the configuration of different functional support components, achieving an organic unity of deformation resistance and impact resistance while ensuring overall safety. This significantly improves the comprehensive adaptability and reliability of the support system to complex deep mechanical environments, while avoiding redundant material input and improving the economy of the support project.

[0138] like Figure 2 As shown, the present invention also provides an integrated strong support system for deep roadways with separate sources of dynamic and static loads, which is used to realize an integrated strong support method for deep roadways with separate sources of dynamic and static loads. The system includes a multi-source monitoring network, a load fine identification module, a main strong support collaborative construction subsystem, a key area strong buffer nested construction subsystem, and an integrated intelligent monitoring and feedback platform.

[0139] The multi-source monitoring network is used to continuously capture the stress state, fracture process and energy events of the surrounding rock, and send them to the load fine identification module;

[0140] The load refinement identification module is used to distinguish between quasi-static deformation loads and dynamic impact loads at the mechanical level based on the built-in correlation model of stress evolution and micro-seismic events, and to divide the tunnel space into a static load bearing area and a dynamic impact key protection area, providing a basis for subsequent zoned collaborative support.

[0141] As a preferred option, the load refinement identification module adopts a hybrid intelligent algorithm based on waveform feature extraction, source mechanism inversion, and time-frequency energy analysis to achieve automatic classification of vibration events and dynamic estimation of load evolution trends and impact energy levels.

[0142] The main strong support collaborative construction subsystem includes a high-torque anchor cable drilling rig, pre-tensioning equipment, automated steel fiber concrete wet spraying unit, heavy-duty U-shaped steel support installation robotic arm and high-precision torque wrench, which are used to implement the collaborative construction of active and passive support in the entire static load bearing area.

[0143] The critical area strong buffer nested construction subsystem includes a special installation tool for constant resistance large deformation energy-absorbing anchor bolts and a modular laying device for flexible energy-consuming materials. It is used to perform functional nesting and local reinforcement of the dynamic impact critical protection area within the completed static load bearing structure according to the impact risk.

[0144] The integrated intelligent monitoring and feedback platform includes a multi-parameter sensor network, a distributed data acquisition unit, a central intelligent analysis and decision-making platform, and an early warning module. The multi-parameter sensor network is used to collect load, strain, displacement, and microseismic signals as multi-source data and send them to the distributed data acquisition unit. The distributed data acquisition unit is used to transmit the multi-source data to the central intelligent analysis and decision-making platform. The central intelligent analysis and decision-making platform is used to receive the multi-source data, the surrounding rock load zoning results, surrounding rock stress state, fracture process, and energy events output by the load fine identification module, and to fuse the multi-source data based on the built-in load-support coupling analysis model. It calculates the stability index of the main bearing area and the energy consumption state parameters of the key protection area in real time, and compares them with the preset early warning threshold and design allowable value to assess whether the current working state of the support system is within the safe range. If the state is abnormal, an early warning signal is sent to the early warning module, and reinforcement measures are automatically initiated according to the preset maintenance plan or maintenance suggestions are sent manually. The early warning module is used to execute early warning actions after receiving the early warning signal.

[0145] To construct a comprehensive and reliable three-dimensional monitoring network that effectively covers surrounding rock stress, fracture, and deformation, and to provide a complete data foundation for refined load identification and support zoning, the multi-source monitoring network includes a geostress testing component, a high-precision microseismic monitoring component, a surrounding rock acoustic emission monitoring component, and a displacement monitoring component. The geostress testing component consists of fiber optic geostress sensors or hollow inclusion stress gauges embedded in boreholes at selected locations around the roadway. The high-precision microseismic monitoring component is an array of microseismic sensors arranged along the roadway direction in the roof and sidewall rock masses. The surrounding rock acoustic emission monitoring component consists of acoustic emission sensors installed in shallow boreholes within the roadway. The displacement monitoring component includes a roadway surface convergence monitoring unit and a deep displacement monitoring unit.

[0146] To achieve comprehensive and precise monitoring of the stress, deformation, and surrounding rock fracturing of the support structure, and to provide complete data support for intelligent feedback control, the multi-parameter sensor network includes fiber optic strain gauges, pressure sensors, displacement gauges, and microseismic sensors. The fiber optic strain gauges are attached or embedded in the surface of the anchor / cable along its axial direction to measure the strain signal of the anchor / cable. Simultaneously, they are longitudinally arranged on the web or flange surface of the U-shaped steel support to monitor the bending strain signal of the support, and also embedded in the shotcrete layer or lining to monitor the strain signal of the structural layer. The pressure sensors are installed between the anchor / cable's tray and nut to measure the axial force of the anchor. Simultaneously, the network also includes... The cable clamps are placed at the U-shaped steel support to monitor the cable clamping force and the force signal of the support; simultaneously, they are placed between the support and the surrounding rock to monitor the surrounding rock pressure signal; the displacement gauges are installed at the tail or inside the constant resistance large deformation energy-absorbing anchor to monitor the tensile deformation of the constant resistance large deformation energy-absorbing anchor; simultaneously, they are installed at the retractable joint of the U-shaped steel support to measure the slippage of the support; simultaneously, they are deployed at the interface between the sprayed layer and the surrounding rock or at the lining joint to monitor the relative displacement of the structure; the micro-vibration sensors are installed in the surrounding rock borehole (depth 1-3m) in the critical impact protection zone and on the flange surface of the U-shaped steel support to capture the rock fracture and support structure vibration signals and monitor dynamic impact events.

[0147] In this invention, a multi-source monitoring network and a load refinement identification module work together to continuously capture surrounding rock stress, fracture, and energy events. Based on a stress-microseismic correlation model, it accurately distinguishes between quasi-static deformation loads and dynamic impact loads, scientifically dividing the static load-bearing zone and the dynamic load protection zone, providing a precise basis for differentiated support. The main strong support collaborative construction subsystem integrates a high-torque anchor drilling rig, pre-tensioning equipment, an automated wet spraying unit, a heavy-duty U-shaped steel support installation robotic arm, and a high-precision torque wrench. It can efficiently implement the collaborative construction of active and passive support, ensuring that the support structure in the static load zone is tightly coupled in terms of time and mechanics, forming a highly efficient collaborative load-bearing state. The critical area strong buffer nested construction subsystem is equipped with a special installation tool for constant resistance large deformation energy-absorbing anchor bolts and a modular laying device for flexible energy-dissipating materials. It can quickly add active energy-absorbing units and passive energy-dissipating units inside the static load structure, realizing graded dissipation and buffering of dynamic impact loads, and significantly improving the impact toughness of the critical protection zone. The integrated intelligent monitoring and feedback platform comprises a multi-parameter sensor network, distributed acquisition units, a central intelligent analysis and decision-making platform, and an early warning module. It can collect real-time data on load, strain, displacement, and microseismic signals of the support structure. Through a coupled model, it dynamically assesses the stability of the main load-bearing area and the energy consumption status of the protected area, comparing these assessments with preset thresholds. In case of anomalies, it automatically triggers tiered early warnings and reinforcement measures. Simultaneously, it feeds back the assessment results to optimize subsequent decisions, facilitating the formation of a closed-loop intelligent control system encompassing perception, analysis, decision-making, execution, and feedback. Each subsystem in this invention can be constructed based on existing mature components and equipment. The modular design facilitates rapid on-site construction and maintenance, reduces the difficulty of technology promotion, and significantly improves the adaptability, reliability, and economy of the support system.

[0148] This system enables source identification of dynamic and static loads in deep roadways, differentiated strong support, and intelligent closed-loop control. It effectively solves fundamental problems in traditional support methods, such as confusion between dynamic and static loads, insufficient impact resistance, and poor adaptability of support structures. It provides a systematic and intelligent solution for roadway safety control under deep and complex geological conditions.

Claims

1. A method for integrated strong support of deep roadways with coordinated dynamic and static load sources, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: S1: Dynamic and refined identification and zoning of load properties; By continuously capturing the stress state and energy events of the surrounding rock through a multi-source monitoring network, a correlation model between stress evolution and microseismic events is established, quasi-static deformation load and dynamic impact load are distinguished, and the tunnel space is divided into a static load bearing area and a dynamic impact key protection area. The process of dynamic and refined identification and zoning of load properties is as follows: S11: Deploy ground stress testing components, high-precision microseismic monitoring components, surrounding rock acoustic emission monitoring components and displacement monitoring components to form a multi-source monitoring network. Utilize the multi-source monitoring network to continuously capture and analyze the surrounding rock stress state, fracture process and energy events. S12: By establishing a correlation model between stress evolution and microseismic events, quasi-static deformation load and dynamic impact load are distinguished at the mechanical level. Quasi-static deformation load is characterized by continuous compression dominated by the original rock stress, while dynamic impact load is characterized by instantaneous and violent release of elastic strain energy under strong disturbance. S13: Based on the dynamic identification results of load type, the tunnel space is divided into a static load-bearing area mainly controlled by continuous compression and a dynamic impact critical protection area controlled by local impact risk. S2: Coordinated construction of active and passive support in the entire static load-bearing zone; Within the first window after the tunnel is excavated, ultra-large tonnage prestressed anchor cables / rods are first constructed to apply pre-tightening force and actively establish a high-strength prestressed bearing arch. Then, a collapsible heavy U-shaped steel support is erected and steel fiber reinforced concrete is sprayed to form a composite protective structure. Subsequently, the synergistic effect of active and passive support units is quantitatively evaluated through the active-passive synergistic bearing effect coefficient. S3: Nested structure of active energy absorption and passive energy dissipation in the critical protection zone for dynamic impact; Inside the completed static load-bearing structure, on the one hand, active energy-absorbing units that meet the active energy dissipation index are added between the main anchors / cables, and on the other hand, passive energy-consuming units that meet the passive energy index are filled between the inner side of the U-shaped steel support and the concrete spraying layer. S4: Integrated intelligent linkage and status feedback control; By collecting load and response data in real time through the multi-parameter sensor network embedded in the support structure, the central platform evaluates the stability of the main body and the energy consumption status of the protected area based on the coupling model, and issues early warnings or initiates maintenance as needed, thereby realizing dynamic adaptive control of the support system.

2. The integrated strong support method for dynamic and static load differentiation and coordination in deep roadways according to claim 1, characterized in that, In S11, the in-situ stress testing component is a fiber optic grating in-situ stress sensor or a hollow inclusion stress gauge embedded in boreholes at selected locations around the roadway, used to obtain the magnitude, direction, and variation law of the original rock stress with mining evolution; the high-precision microseismic monitoring component is a microseismic sensor array arranged along the roadway strike in the roof and sidewall rock mass, used to capture microseismic events caused by mining-induced rock mass fracturing in real time, so as to delineate high stress concentration areas and impact risk areas through event location and energy calculation, for the identification of dynamic impact loads; the surrounding rock acoustic emission The monitoring component consists of acoustic emission sensors installed in shallow boreholes within the roadway, used to continuously monitor the spatiotemporal evolution of microfractures in the rock mass and identify the initiation, propagation, and formation of plastic zones in the surrounding rock damage. The displacement monitoring component includes a roadway surface convergence monitoring unit and a deep displacement monitoring unit. The roadway surface convergence monitoring unit consists of multi-point displacement gauges deployed at key locations to monitor the relative displacement changes of the roadway cross-section in the horizontal and vertical directions in real time. The deep displacement monitoring unit consists of multi-point displacement gauges deployed within the borehole to acquire the radial displacement distribution within the surrounding rock.

3. The integrated strong support method for dynamic and static load separation and coordination in deep roadways according to claim 1, characterized in that, In S2, the process of constructing the active and passive supports in the entire static load-bearing zone is as follows: S21: Determine the actual preload based on the minimum design preload and breaking load. Immediately after the tunnel is excavated, within the first window of operation, at locations of significant stress concentration in the roof and shoulder areas, install ultra-large tonnage prestressed anchor cables / rods, and apply actual prestress using prestressing equipment. In order to actively build a high-strength prestressed bearing arch in the surrounding rock, so as to strongly suppress the initial deformation and fracture development of the surrounding rock; The actual preload is determined using the following procedure. : S21-1: Determine the minimum design preload according to formula (1). ; （1）； In the formula, This is the stress compensation coefficient; The estimated vertical stress in the original rock; and These refer to the anchor cable spacing and row spacing, respectively. S21-2: Determine the actual preload according to formula (2) ; （2）； In the formula, For breaking load; S22: A retractable heavy-duty U-shaped steel support is erected across the entire cross-section, and a high-strength steel fiber reinforced concrete layer is sprayed to form a composite protective structure. At the same time, the initial locking torque is set according to formula (3). By precisely setting the initial locking torque of the bracket cable clamp This allows the composite sheath structure to provide an initial support reaction force higher than the average active support stress of the anchor / rod system; （3）； In the formula, This is the passive coordination coefficient; Average preload of anchor cable / rod; d represents the number of cable clamps per bracket; d represents the nominal diameter of the cable clamp bolt. The conversion factor for the support area of ​​a single support frame; S23: Define the active and passive synergistic bearing effect coefficient according to formula (4). Through the active and passive synergistic carrying capacity coefficient Quantitative assessment measures the immediate synergistic effectiveness of active and passive support units. When the structure is in a state of efficient and coordinated load-bearing, it is determined that the structure is in a state of efficient and coordinated load-bearing. When this occurs, it indicates insufficient synergy between active and passive reinforcement, requiring one or a combination of the following strengthening measures: appropriately increasing the anchor cable preload, increasing the cable clamping torque of the U-shaped steel bracket, or densifying the anchor cable / bracket arrangement, until the reassessment achieves the desired effect. ; （4）； In the formula, The initial support force of the passive structure is calculated based on the torque setting of the cable clamp. The average active support force provided to the anchor cable / rod system; Measured deformation at key points in the roadway after support; For the measured deformation The allowable deformation for the corresponding key points.

4. The integrated strong support method for dynamic and static load differentiation and coordination in deep roadways according to claim 1, characterized in that, In S3, the nested construction process of active energy absorption and passive energy dissipation in the dynamic impact critical protection zone is as follows: S31: Inside the completed static load-bearing structure, based on the impact risk, an active energy-absorbing unit that meets the active energy dissipation index is added between the main anchors / cables in the critical impact zone; the active energy-absorbing unit is a constant resistance large deformation energy-absorbing anchor with an internally integrated constant resistance large deformation mechanism. When subjected to a sudden strong impact, it can generate a large stroke stable sliding deformation while maintaining a constant working resistance, and convert the impact kinetic energy into frictional heat energy for dissipation. Select the active energy absorption unit using the following procedure: S31-1: Calculate the energy dissipation capacity of the constant resistance large deformation energy-absorbing anchor bolt according to formula (5). ; （5）； In the formula, The constant working resistance of the constant resistance large deformation mechanism in the constant resistance large deformation energy-absorbing anchor bolt; The maximum relief stroke is designed for the constant resistance large deformation mechanism; S31-2: Select constant resistance large deformation energy-absorbing anchor bolts that satisfy formula (6) as active energy-absorbing units; （6）； In the formula, Estimate the kinetic energy of a single impact in the key area; The energy dissipation ratio coefficient allocated to the constant resistance large deformation energy-absorbing anchor bolt, 0 < ζ < 1; S32: Between the inner side of the U-shaped steel support and the concrete spraying layer in the critical impact zone, a passive energy dissipation unit that meets the passive energy index is filled; the passive energy dissipation unit is a high-performance compressible flexible energy dissipation material layer that undergoes compression deformation when subjected to impact stress wave, and absorbs and dissipates impact energy through internal pore collapse, material flow or damping friction. Select passive energy dissipation units using the following procedure: S32-1: Calculate the total compressive deformation energy of the high-performance compressible flexible energy-dissipating material according to formula (7). ; （7）； In the formula, This represents the total compressive deformation energy of the filling layer. To effectively compress the volume of the filling layer; This represents the compressive stress-strain relationship of the material. To allow the maximum compressive strain; S32-2: Select high-performance compressible flexible energy-consuming materials that satisfy formula (8) as passive energy-consuming units; （8）； In the formula, The energy dissipation ratio coefficient allocated to high-performance compressible flexible energy-dissipating materials, 0 < η < 1.

5. The integrated strong support method for dynamic and static load differentiation and coordination in deep roadways according to claim 1, characterized in that, In S4, the process of integrated intelligent linkage and state feedback control is as follows: S41: Fiber optic strain gauges, pressure sensors, displacement gauges and micro-vibration sensors are installed inside the support structure to form a multi-parameter sensing network integrated into the support structure. S42: The load, strain, displacement and microseismic signals of the multi-parameter sensor network are continuously collected by the distributed data acquisition unit as multi-source data and transmitted to the central intelligent analysis and decision-making platform in real time via wired or wireless network. S43: The central intelligent analysis and decision-making platform integrates multi-source data based on the built-in load-support coupling analysis model, and calculates the stability index of the main bearing area and the energy consumption status parameters of the key protection area in real time. S44: Compare the real-time calculated values ​​of stability indicators and energy consumption status parameters with preset warning thresholds and design allowable values ​​to assess whether the current working status of the support system is within a safe range and identify potential risks; S45: If the status is abnormal, a graded early warning signal will be triggered, and reinforcement measures will be automatically or manually initiated according to the preset maintenance plan. S46: Feedback the evaluation results and control action records to the load-support coupling analysis model to optimize the subsequent stage transition criteria and support parameters, so as to realize the dynamic evaluation and adaptive control of the support system performance.

6. An integrated strong support system for deep roadways with coordinated dynamic and static load sources, used to implement the integrated strong support method for deep roadways with coordinated dynamic and static load sources as described in any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that, It includes a multi-source monitoring network, a load-refined identification module, a main structure strong support collaborative construction subsystem, a key area strong buffer nested construction subsystem, and an integrated intelligent monitoring and feedback platform; The multi-source monitoring network is used to continuously capture the stress state, fracture process and energy events of the surrounding rock, and send them to the load fine identification module; The load refinement identification module is used to distinguish between quasi-static deformation loads and dynamic impact loads at the mechanical level based on the built-in correlation model of stress evolution and micro-seismic events, and to divide the tunnel space into a full-domain static load bearing area and a dynamic impact key protection area. The main strong support collaborative construction subsystem includes a high-torque anchor cable drilling rig, pre-tensioning equipment, automated steel fiber concrete wet spraying unit, heavy-duty U-shaped steel support installation robotic arm and high-precision torque wrench, which are used to implement the collaborative construction of active and passive support in the entire static load bearing area. The critical area strong buffer nested construction subsystem includes a special installation tool for constant resistance large deformation energy-absorbing anchor bolts and a modular laying device for flexible energy-consuming materials. It is used to perform functional nesting and local reinforcement of the dynamic impact critical protection area within the completed static load bearing structure according to the impact risk. The integrated intelligent monitoring and feedback platform includes a multi-parameter sensor network, a distributed data acquisition unit, a central intelligent analysis and decision-making platform, and an early warning module. The multi-parameter sensor network is used to collect load, strain, displacement, and microseismic signals as multi-source data and send them to the distributed data acquisition unit. The distributed data acquisition unit is used to transmit the multi-source data to the central intelligent analysis and decision-making platform. The central intelligent analysis and decision-making platform is used to receive the multi-source data, the surrounding rock load zoning results, surrounding rock stress state, fracture process, and energy events output by the load refinement identification module, and to fuse the multi-source data based on the built-in load-support coupling analysis model. It calculates the stability index of the main bearing area and the energy consumption state parameters of the key protection area in real time, and compares them with the preset early warning threshold and design allowable value to assess whether the current working state of the support system is within the safe range. If the state is abnormal, an early warning signal is sent to the early warning module, and reinforcement measures are automatically initiated according to the preset maintenance plan or maintenance suggestions are sent manually. The early warning module is used to execute early warning actions after receiving the early warning signal.

7. The integrated strong support system for deep roadways with coordinated dynamic and static load sources as described in claim 6, characterized in that, The multi-source monitoring network includes a ground stress testing component, a high-precision microseismic monitoring component, a surrounding rock acoustic emission monitoring component, and a displacement monitoring component. The ground stress testing component consists of fiber optic grating ground stress sensors or hollow inclusion stress gauges embedded in boreholes at selected locations around the roadway. The high-precision microseismic monitoring component is an array of microseismic sensors arranged along the roadway direction in the roof and sidewall rock mass. The surrounding rock acoustic emission monitoring component consists of acoustic emission sensors installed in shallow boreholes within the roadway. The displacement monitoring component includes a roadway surface convergence monitoring unit and a deep displacement monitoring unit.

8. The integrated strong support system for deep roadways with coordinated dynamic and static load sources as described in claim 7, characterized in that, The multi-parameter sensing network includes fiber optic strain gauges, pressure sensors, displacement gauges, and micro-vibration sensors. The fiber optic strain gauges are bonded or embedded in the surface of the anchor / cable along its axial direction to measure strain signals. Simultaneously, they are longitudinally arranged on the web or flange surface of the U-shaped steel support to monitor bending strain signals, and also embedded within the shotcrete layer or lining to monitor structural strain signals. The pressure sensors are installed between the anchor / cable's tray and nut to measure axial force; they are also positioned at the cable clamping point of the U-shaped steel support to monitor cable tightening. The system monitors the force and support stress signals; it is also placed between the support and the surrounding rock to monitor the surrounding rock pressure signal; the displacement gauge is installed at the tail or inside the constant resistance large deformation energy-absorbing anchor rod to monitor the tensile deformation of the constant resistance large deformation energy-absorbing anchor rod; it is also installed at the retractable joint of the U-shaped steel support to measure the support slippage; and it is also deployed at the interface between the sprayed layer and the surrounding rock or at the lining joint to monitor the relative displacement of the structure; the micro-vibration sensor is installed in the surrounding rock borehole in the impact critical protection zone and on the flange surface of the U-shaped steel support to capture rock fracture and support structure vibration signals and monitor dynamic impact events.

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