Natural cold energy refrigeration control method for data center

Abstract

The application relates to a data center natural cold energy refrigeration control method applied to a superconducting heat pipe type natural cold energy unit. The unit comprises an outdoor unit, an indoor unit, a superconducting power pump, a return air temperature sensor and an environment temperature sensor; a superconducting heat pipe section is contained in a superconducting liquid loop, and a superconducting heat pipe assembly with the superconducting power pump is arranged in the superconducting heat pipe section. The method comprises the following steps: S1, detecting the indoor return air temperature and the outdoor environment temperature; S2, calculating the temperature difference; S3, if the temperature difference is greater than or equal to a heat pipe opening threshold value, starting the unit and opening the superconducting power pump, driving the superconducting liquid circulation, using the outdoor natural cold energy to cool the liquefied superconducting liquid, pressurizing the liquefied superconducting liquid to the evaporator through the superconducting power pump to evaporate and absorb heat, and cooling the data center; and S4, if the temperature difference is less than or equal to a heat pipe closing threshold value, stopping the unit from running. The scheme can efficiently utilize the natural cold energy, reduce energy consumption and improve the refrigeration stability, and the effect is remarkable especially in a low-temperature environment.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of refrigeration technology, and more specifically, to a method for controlling natural cooling energy in a data center. Background Technology

[0002] As high-energy-consuming facilities, data centers typically consume 30% to 40% of their total energy through their cooling systems. Traditional data center cooling primarily relies on compressor-type chillers, which use compressors to drive refrigerant circulation between components such as evaporators, condensers, and expansion valves to achieve indoor cooling. However, this traditional compressor-type chiller has significant technical drawbacks. The compressor requires a continuous large amount of electricity to drive the refrigerant circulation, leading to high electricity costs, especially in data center scenarios requiring year-round cooling. In low ambient temperatures, such as -10 degrees Celsius and below, the refrigerant circulation power of traditional compressors is insufficient, causing a sharp drop in heat exchange efficiency, poor cooling stability, and even failing to meet the data center's demand for stable cooling around the clock. Although low-temperature environments contain abundant natural cold sources, traditional cooling systems still force the compressor to operate, failing to effectively utilize outdoor natural cold energy and causing unnecessary energy waste. Furthermore, frequent start-ups and shutdowns of compressors in low-temperature environments can shorten equipment lifespan and, as high-maintenance components, increase the operational burden of the data center. Summary of the Invention

[0003] The purpose of this application is to provide a natural cooling control method for data centers, which has the advantages of efficient utilization of natural cooling energy, reduced energy consumption, and improved cooling stability, especially in low-temperature environments.

[0004] This application provides a method for controlling natural cooling energy in a data center, the technical solution of which is as follows:

[0005] A natural cooling control method for a data center is applied to a superconducting heat pipe type natural cooling unit. The unit includes an outdoor unit, an indoor unit, a superconducting power pump installed in a superconducting liquid circuit between the outdoor heat exchange module and the evaporator, a return air temperature sensor installed in the indoor unit, and an ambient temperature sensor installed in the outdoor unit. The superconducting liquid circuit of the unit has a superconducting heat pipe section, and a superconducting heat pipe assembly is installed within the superconducting heat pipe section. The superconducting heat pipe assembly includes the superconducting power pump. The method includes the following steps:

[0006] Step S1: Detect the indoor return air temperature using a return air temperature sensor and the outdoor ambient temperature using an ambient temperature sensor.

[0007] Step S2: Calculate the temperature difference between the indoor return air temperature and the outdoor ambient temperature;

[0008] Step S3: When the temperature difference is greater than or equal to the preset heat pipe opening temperature difference threshold, the control unit starts and the superconducting power pump is activated, causing the superconducting liquid to circulate under the drive of the superconducting power pump. The outdoor heat exchange module absorbs natural outdoor cold energy, causing the superconducting liquid to be cooled and liquefied within the outdoor heat exchange module. The liquefied superconducting liquid enters the superconducting power pump, is pressurized by the superconducting power pump, and is then transported to the evaporator. The superconducting liquid evaporates and absorbs heat in the evaporator, cooling the indoor data center area.

[0009] Step S4: When the temperature difference is less than or equal to the preset heat pipe shut-off temperature difference threshold, the control unit stops operating.

[0010] Furthermore, this application also proposes that an expansion tank be installed inside the superconducting heat pipe section to buffer pressure fluctuations of the superconducting fluid.

[0011] Furthermore, this application proposes that the superconducting power pump and the expansion tank are installed in the outdoor unit, and the liquid outlet of the condenser of the outdoor heat exchange module is not higher than the inlet of the superconducting power pump, so as to ensure that the superconducting liquid can flow smoothly into the superconducting power pump.

[0012] Furthermore, this application proposes that the superconducting power pump and expansion tank are installed in the indoor unit, and the outdoor heat exchange module is positioned at a high level to ensure that the superconducting liquid can flow smoothly into the superconducting power pump.

[0013] Furthermore, this application also proposes that the indoor unit is divided into upper and lower chambers, with the lower chamber used to house the evaporator and the upper chamber housing the coil fan; an air outlet is provided at the top of the upper chamber, and an indoor air supply duct is connected to the air outlet.

[0014] Furthermore, this application also proposes that the outdoor heat exchange module includes a heat exchange coil and a finned structure, with the heat exchange coil and the heat absorption section of the superconducting heat pipe assembly being attached; the evaporator adopts an aluminum tube microchannel structure; the superconducting liquid circuit is a copper tube, and the copper tube is wrapped with an insulation layer.

[0015] Furthermore, this application also proposes that, in step S3, when the control unit is started, the following steps are also included: first controlling the superconducting power pump to run at an initial frequency and maintaining the initial frequency operation for a preset initial time, and then performing frequency conversion control on the superconducting power pump according to the real-time temperature difference.

[0016] Furthermore, this application also proposes that, in step S3, when the control unit starts, it further includes: first controlling the outdoor unit's condenser fan to start, and the condenser fan's start time is earlier than the superconducting power pump's start time; when the control unit stops, controlling the condenser fan's stop time is later than the superconducting power pump's stop time.

[0017] Furthermore, this application also proposes that the method further includes: using the indoor return air temperature as the control target, setting a target temperature value and a temperature control hysteresis value; when the return air temperature is greater than or equal to the sum of the target temperature value and the temperature loading hysteresis, controlling the unit to enter the cooling loading zone; when the return air temperature is less than or equal to the difference between the target temperature value and the temperature unloading hysteresis, controlling the unit to enter the cooling unloading zone.

[0018] Furthermore, this application also proposes that the unit further includes an indoor air supply fan, and the method further includes: when the unit starts, controlling the indoor air supply fan to start before the superconducting power pump is turned on; when the unit stops, controlling the indoor air supply fan to delay shutting down after the superconducting power pump is turned off.

[0019] Furthermore, this application also proposes that the frequency conversion control range of the superconducting power pump is 0 to 140 Hz.

[0020] Furthermore, this application also proposes that the preset heat pipe opening temperature difference threshold is 20°C and the preset heat pipe closing temperature difference threshold is 8°C.

[0021] Furthermore, this application also proposes that the temperature control hysteresis value be adjusted within a range of 1 to 12°C, with a default value of 4°C.

[0022] Furthermore, this application also proposes that the indoor air supply fan adopts 0-10V output frequency conversion control or fixed frequency control.

[0023] Furthermore, this application also proposes that the condenser fan of the outdoor unit adopts 0-10V output frequency conversion control or fixed frequency control.

[0024] As can be seen from the above, the natural cooling control method for data centers provided in this application detects the temperature difference between indoors and outdoors and controls the start and stop of the unit based on a preset threshold. It uses a superconducting power pump to drive the superconducting liquid circulation to absorb natural cooling energy for cooling, which effectively solves the problems of high energy consumption and low efficiency in low temperature environments of traditional refrigeration systems. It has the advantages of efficient utilization of natural cooling energy, reduced energy consumption, and improved refrigeration stability, especially in low temperature environments. Attached Figure Description

[0025] Figure 1 This is a structural schematic diagram of a superconducting heat pipe type natural cooling unit provided for this application.

[0026] Figure 2 A schematic diagram of the indoor unit of a superconducting heat pipe type natural cooling unit provided in this application.

[0027] Figure 3 A schematic diagram of the outdoor unit of a superconducting heat pipe type natural cooling unit provided in this application.

[0028] Figure 4This is a schematic diagram of the first structural connection of a superconducting heat pipe type natural cooling unit.

[0029] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the indoor unit layout for the first type of superconducting heat pipe type natural cooling unit.

[0030] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of the outdoor unit of the first type of superconducting heat pipe natural cooling unit.

[0031] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the first structural connection of a superconducting heat pipe type natural cooling unit.

[0032] Figure 8 This is a side view of the indoor unit layout of the first type of superconducting heat pipe natural cooling unit.

[0033] Figure 9 This is an exploded view of the internal structure of the outdoor unit of the first type of superconducting heat pipe natural cooling unit. Detailed Implementation

[0034] The technical solutions of this application will now be clearly and completely described with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are merely some embodiments of this application, and not all embodiments. The components of this application described and shown in the accompanying drawings can generally be arranged and designed in various different configurations. Therefore, the following detailed description of the embodiments of this application provided in the accompanying drawings is not intended to limit the scope of the claimed application, but merely to illustrate selected embodiments of this application. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of this application without inventive effort are within the scope of protection of this application.

[0035] It should be noted that similar reference numerals and letters in the following figures indicate similar items; therefore, once an item is defined in one figure, it does not need to be further defined and explained in subsequent figures. Furthermore, in the description of this application, terms such as "first," "second," etc., are used only to distinguish descriptions and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.

[0036] Traditional data center cooling systems primarily rely on compressor-type chillers, which suffer from high energy consumption, reduced efficiency at low temperatures, low utilization of natural cooling energy, and high equipment lifespan and maintenance costs. While existing heat pipe-type natural cooling units have seen some improvements, their working fluid circulation relies on gravity, limiting their adaptability. Furthermore, their heat exchange efficiency is not ideal at low temperatures, and they lack temperature difference control logic, making it difficult to utilize natural cooling energy while ensuring stable indoor temperatures.

[0037] like Figure 1-9As shown, this application proposes a natural cooling control method for a data center, applied to a superconducting heat pipe type natural cooling unit. The unit includes an outdoor unit 1, an indoor unit 3, a superconducting power pump 8 disposed in a superconducting liquid circuit 5 between an outdoor heat exchange module 2 and an evaporator 4, a return air temperature sensor disposed in the indoor unit 3, and an ambient temperature sensor disposed in the outdoor unit 1. The superconducting liquid circuit 5 of the unit has a superconducting heat pipe section 6, within which a superconducting heat pipe assembly is disposed, including the superconducting power pump 8. The method includes the following steps:

[0038] Step S1: Detect the indoor return air temperature using the return air temperature sensor and the outdoor ambient temperature using the ambient temperature sensor;

[0039] Step S2: Calculate the temperature difference between the indoor return air temperature and the outdoor ambient temperature;

[0040] Step S3: When the temperature difference is greater than or equal to the preset heat pipe opening temperature difference threshold, the unit is started and the superconducting power pump 8 is turned on, so that the superconducting liquid circulates under the drive of the superconducting power pump 8; wherein, the outdoor heat exchange module 2 absorbs outdoor natural cold energy, so that the superconducting liquid is cooled and liquefied in the outdoor heat exchange module 2; the liquefied superconducting liquid enters the superconducting power pump 8, and after being pressurized by the superconducting power pump 8, it is delivered to the evaporator 4; the superconducting liquid evaporates and absorbs heat in the evaporator 4, thereby cooling the indoor data center room;

[0041] Step S4: When the temperature difference is less than or equal to the preset heat pipe shut-off temperature difference threshold, control the unit to stop operating.

[0042] For ease of understanding, the following explains some key terms in this embodiment:

[0043] A superconducting heat pipe type natural cooling unit is a device that uses the low outdoor temperature environment as a cold source and achieves indoor cooling of a data center through the phase change and circulation of a superconducting liquid. The core of this unit lies in the integration of superconducting heat pipe technology in its superconducting liquid loop 5, supplemented by a superconducting power pump 8 to provide circulation power, in order to overcome the limitations of traditional heat pipes that rely on gravity.

[0044] The superconducting power pump 8 is a pump used to drive the superconducting liquid to circulate in the superconducting liquid circuit 5. Its function is to provide the pressure required for the superconducting liquid to overcome flow resistance, ensuring that the superconducting liquid can stably undergo phase change and heat transfer between the outdoor heat exchange module 2 and the evaporator 4.

[0045] Superconducting fluid is also known as refrigerant or coolant.

[0046] The return air temperature sensor is used to monitor the indoor air temperature of the data center in real time. This sensor is typically installed at the return air vent of indoor unit 3 to obtain temperature data representing the indoor heat load, serving as an important basis for cooling control.

[0047] An ambient temperature sensor is used to monitor the outdoor air temperature of the data center in real time. This sensor is typically placed near outdoor unit 1 to obtain temperature information from the outdoor natural cooling source, which is used to determine whether conditions are suitable for utilizing natural cooling energy.

[0048] Superconducting heat pipe section 6 refers to the portion of the superconducting fluid loop 5 that includes the superconducting heat pipe assembly. This section is designed to optimize the heat transfer and flow characteristics of the superconducting fluid, especially in low-temperature environments, by improving unit performance through the synergistic effect of the superconducting heat pipe assembly.

[0049] The superconducting heat pipe assembly is the core component within the superconducting heat pipe section 6. It typically contains structures to enhance heat transfer and works in conjunction with the superconducting power pump 8 to form the power and heat exchange unit for the superconducting liquid circulation.

[0050] The outdoor heat exchange module 2 is the component in the unit responsible for exchanging heat with the outdoor environment. In this module, the superconducting fluid absorbs the cold energy of the outdoor air, is cooled and liquefied, thereby introducing the outdoor natural cold energy into the superconducting fluid circuit 5.

[0051] Evaporator 4 is the component in the unit responsible for absorbing heat from the data center. Inside evaporator 4, liquid superconducting liquid evaporates and absorbs heat, lowering the indoor air temperature and thus cooling the data center.

[0052] The superconducting fluid circuit 5 is a closed piping system connecting components such as the outdoor heat exchange module 2, the superconducting power pump 8, and the evaporator 4. The superconducting fluid circulates within this circuit, transferring heat through a phase change process. The superconducting fluid serves as the working fluid for heat transfer in the refrigeration circuit, undergoing phase changes at different temperatures and pressures to achieve heat absorption and release.

[0053] The heat pipe on / off temperature difference thresholds are preset temperature difference values ​​used to determine whether the unit needs to start or stop the natural cooling mode. When the indoor and outdoor temperature difference reaches or exceeds the on / off threshold, it indicates that the outdoor cold source is sufficient, and the unit starts; when the temperature difference is lower than or equal to the off / off threshold, it indicates that the outdoor cold source is insufficient, and the unit stops operating.

[0054] The data center natural cooling control method provided in this embodiment is based on a control strategy that drives the operation of a superconducting heat pipe type natural cooling unit. The unit comprises an outdoor unit 1, an indoor unit 3, a superconducting power pump 8 installed in a superconducting liquid loop 5, a return air temperature sensor, and an ambient temperature sensor. The outdoor unit 1 is typically located outside the data center building to house the outdoor heat exchange module 2 and other related components; the indoor unit 3 is located inside the data center to house the evaporator 4 and other indoor components. The superconducting power pump 8 is integrated into the superconducting liquid loop 5, serving as the power source for the superconducting liquid circulation. The return air temperature sensor is installed on the indoor return air path to obtain real-time indoor air temperature information. The ambient temperature sensor is installed in the outdoor environment to obtain real-time outdoor air temperature information.

[0055] A superconducting heat pipe section 6 is provided in the superconducting liquid loop 5, and a superconducting heat pipe assembly is further provided within the superconducting heat pipe section 6. This superconducting heat pipe assembly works in conjunction with the superconducting power pump 8 to jointly constitute the core unit for the circulation and heat exchange of the superconducting liquid in the loop. For example, the superconducting heat pipe assembly can be composed of multiple parallel or series heat pipe units to adapt to different heat exchange requirements. The superconducting power pump 8 can be directly integrated inside the superconducting heat pipe assembly, or connected to the superconducting heat pipe assembly through piping to form a circulation unit.

[0056] In implementation, the indoor return air temperature of the data center is first detected using a return air temperature sensor, while the outdoor ambient temperature is detected using an ambient temperature sensor. This temperature data is acquired in real time and transmitted to the control unit for processing. For example, the sensors can use conventional temperature sensing elements such as thermistors or thermocouples, outputting temperature values ​​through analog or digital signals. Subsequently, the control unit calculates the temperature difference between the detected indoor return air temperature and outdoor ambient temperature. This temperature difference is a parameter used to determine whether outdoor natural cooling is feasible. The temperature difference can be calculated directly by subtraction operations performed by the control unit's processor.

[0057] When the calculated temperature difference is greater than or equal to the preset heat pipe opening temperature difference threshold, the control unit will issue a command to start the entire unit and activate the superconducting power pump 8. After the superconducting power pump 8 starts, it will drive the superconducting liquid to circulate throughout the entire superconducting liquid loop 5. Specifically, the outdoor heat exchange module 2 absorbs natural cold energy from the outdoor air, cooling and liquefying the superconducting liquid flowing through it. The liquefied superconducting liquid then enters the superconducting power pump 8, is pressurized by the superconducting power pump 8, and is delivered to the indoor evaporator 4. Inside the evaporator 4, the superconducting liquid absorbs heat from the data center room and evaporates, thereby cooling the indoor air. For example, the superconducting power pump 8 can operate in a constant speed mode, driving the superconducting liquid to circulate at a fixed speed once started. The liquefaction and evaporation processes of the superconducting liquid can occur naturally in their respective heat exchangers without additional auxiliary means.

[0058] When the calculated temperature difference is less than or equal to the preset heat pipe shut-off temperature difference threshold, the control unit will issue a command to stop the entire unit from operating. This means that when the outdoor cooling energy is insufficient to support the cooling demand, the unit will stop the natural cooling mode to avoid ineffective operation. For example, the unit's shutdown can manifest as the superconducting power pump 8 stopping operation, thereby interrupting the circulation of the superconducting liquid.

[0059] The data center natural cooling control method provided in this embodiment overcomes the limitations of traditional heat pipes that rely on gravity by introducing a superconducting power pump 8 to drive the circulation of superconducting liquid in a superconducting heat pipe type natural cooling unit, ensuring that the superconducting liquid can still flow stably in low-temperature environments. This method is based on indoor and outdoor temperature differences for control, realizing the utilization of outdoor natural cooling energy, avoiding the high energy consumption and low-temperature efficiency degradation problems of traditional compression chillers, reducing the data center's operating energy consumption and maintenance costs, and maintaining stable indoor temperatures.

[0060] In a further embodiment, an expansion tank 12 is also installed within the aforementioned superconducting heat pipe section 6 to buffer pressure fluctuations in the superconducting liquid. Specifically, the expansion tank 12 is a container specifically designed to absorb and buffer pressure changes within the fluid system. In the superconducting liquid loop 5, the expansion tank 12 typically separates the superconducting liquid from the pre-filled inert gas (e.g., nitrogen) via an internal flexible diaphragm, air bladder, or bellows. When the temperature of the superconducting liquid rises or undergoes a phase change causing its volume to expand, the expansion tank 12 can absorb this increased volume, limiting excessive pressure rise in the system by compressing the internal gas. Conversely, when the temperature of the superconducting liquid decreases or its volume shrinks, the gas inside the expansion tank 12 expands, pushing the superconducting liquid back into the loop, thereby preventing excessively low system pressure. During the operation of the superconducting heat pipe type natural cooling unit, the superconducting liquid is cooled and liquefied in the outdoor heat exchange module 2 and evaporates and absorbs heat in the evaporator 4. Frequent changes in its phase state and temperature lead to significant fluctuations in the volume of the superconducting liquid. Furthermore, the start-up and shutdown of the superconducting power pump 8, as well as its variable frequency operation, can cause instantaneous pressure fluctuations in the local superconducting fluid circuit 5. The expansion tank 12 effectively absorbs and smooths these pressure fluctuations caused by volume changes and operational shocks, maintaining relative pressure stability in the superconducting fluid circuit 5. The expansion tank 12 can be installed in either the outdoor unit 1 or the indoor unit 3, depending on the overall design and spatial layout of the unit; its specific installation location and form can be optimized according to actual needs.

[0061] By incorporating an expansion tank 12 within the superconducting heat pipe section 6, this application effectively buffers pressure fluctuations in the superconducting liquid caused by temperature changes, phase changes, and the start-up, shutdown, and variable frequency operation of the superconducting power pump 8 during circulation. The expansion tank 12 absorbs volume changes in the superconducting liquid through its internal structure, thereby maintaining the pressure in the superconducting liquid circuit 5 within a safe and stable range. This not only significantly reduces pressure shocks to core components such as the superconducting power pump 8, evaporator 4, and outdoor heat exchange module 2, extending their service life, but also ensures the superconducting liquid can continuously and stably circulate in the circuit, preventing a decrease in cooling efficiency or system shutdown due to abnormal pressure. Therefore, the cooling control method of this application significantly improves the operational reliability and overall energy efficiency of the superconducting heat pipe type natural cooling unit while ensuring stable cooling of the data center.

[0062] exist Figure 4-6In the first embodiment shown, the superconducting power pump 8 and the expansion tank 12 are installed in the outdoor unit 1, and the condenser outlet 13 of the outdoor heat exchange module 2 is not higher than the inlet of the superconducting power pump 8 to ensure that the superconducting liquid can flow smoothly into the superconducting power pump 8. Specifically, integrating the superconducting power pump 8 and the expansion tank 12 inside the outdoor unit 1 means that these key components are tightly integrated with the outdoor heat exchange module 2. This integrated design helps to shorten the superconducting liquid pipeline, reduce pipeline resistance, and simplify on-site installation and maintenance. In addition, placing the expansion tank 12 in the outdoor unit 1 allows for better utilization of the outdoor ambient temperature for heat exchange with the superconducting liquid in the expansion tank 12, thereby more effectively buffering pressure fluctuations of the superconducting liquid under different operating conditions.

[0063] Meanwhile, the condenser outlet 13 of the outdoor heat exchange module 2 is not higher than the inlet of the superconducting power pump 8. This technical feature specifies the relative height relationship between the condenser outlet 13 of the outdoor heat exchange module 2 and the inlet of the superconducting power pump 8. Specifically, the position of the condenser outlet 13 should be flush with or lower than the inlet of the superconducting power pump 8. This arrangement utilizes gravity to ensure that the liquid superconducting liquid can flow naturally and smoothly from the condenser outlet 13 into the inlet of the superconducting power pump 8, avoiding problems such as low pump inlet pressure and cavitation caused by insufficient liquid level or the presence of a gas phase before entering the superconducting power pump 8. This is crucial for ensuring the stable operation of the superconducting power pump 8 and extending its service life.

[0064] Through the above technical solution, the superconducting power pump 8 and expansion tank 12 are integrated and installed in the outdoor unit 1. The relative height between the condenser outlet 13 of the outdoor heat exchange module 2 and the inlet of the superconducting power pump 8 is precisely controlled, allowing the liquid superconducting liquid to flow stably and sufficiently into the superconducting power pump 8 under gravity. This design effectively avoids cavitation caused by insufficient suction or air resistance in the superconducting power pump 8, thus ensuring the long-term stable operation of the superconducting power pump 8 and the smooth circulation of the superconducting liquid. At the same time, the shortened piping and integrated design reduce the complexity of system installation, improve the overall reliability and efficiency of operation, and ensure that the data center can continuously obtain stable natural cooling.

[0065] exist Figure 7-9In another embodiment shown, the superconducting power pump 8 and the expansion tank 12 are installed in the indoor unit 3, and the outdoor heat exchange module 2 is positioned at a high level to ensure that the superconducting liquid can flow smoothly into the superconducting power pump 8. Specifically, the superconducting power pump 8, as the power source for the superconducting liquid circulation, mainly functions to overcome the flow resistance of the superconducting liquid in the circuit and provide the necessary pressure difference, allowing the superconducting liquid to flow from the low-pressure side to the high-pressure side, completing the heat absorption and release cycle. When the superconducting power pump 8 is installed in the indoor unit 3, its position is closer to the evaporator 4, which helps to shorten the superconducting liquid pipeline in the indoor section, potentially simplifying indoor wiring and maintenance. The expansion tank 12 is used to absorb and buffer the volume expansion and contraction of the superconducting liquid caused by temperature changes during operation, thereby stabilizing the system pressure and preventing damage to the system from excessively high or low pressure. Installing it together with the superconducting power pump 8 in the indoor unit 3 can more directly buffer the pressure fluctuations at the inlet of the superconducting power pump 8, providing a more stable suction pressure environment for the superconducting power pump 8. The outdoor heat exchange module 2 is the core component of the unit that absorbs outdoor natural cooling energy, where the superconducting liquid is cooled and liquefied. The outdoor heat exchange module 2 is positioned at a high level, meaning its lowest point is higher than the inlet of the superconducting power pump 8 in the indoor unit 3. This high-level arrangement utilizes gravitational potential energy, allowing the liquid superconducting liquid to flow downwards from the outdoor heat exchange module 2 under its own weight and enter the superconducting power pump 8 in the indoor unit 3. This design provides a positive static pressure head for the superconducting power pump 8, effectively preventing negative pressure or flash evaporation at its inlet, thus ensuring a continuous and stable intake of liquid superconducting liquid. By placing the outdoor heat exchange module 2 at a high level, the liquid superconducting liquid overcomes pipe resistance under gravity, flowing stably from the outside to the inside and into the superconducting power pump 8. This gravity-assisted liquid supply method significantly improves the operational reliability of the superconducting power pump 8, reduces the risk of cavitation, and ensures the continuity and stability of the superconducting liquid circulation.

[0066] By installing the superconducting power pump 8 and expansion tank 12 within the indoor unit 3, and positioning the outdoor heat exchange module 2 at a high elevation, this application effectively solves the problem of ensuring a stable supply of liquid superconducting liquid from the outdoor heat exchange module 2 to the superconducting power pump 8 within the indoor unit 3. Specifically, the elevated position of the outdoor heat exchange module 2 allows the liquefied superconducting liquid to flow naturally downwards using gravitational potential energy, thereby providing a sufficient and stable supply of liquid superconducting liquid to the superconducting power pump 8. This gravity-assisted liquid supply method not only effectively avoids potential problems such as negative pressure, cavitation, or insufficient liquid supply on the suction side of the superconducting power pump 8, significantly improving its operational reliability and efficiency, but also ensures the continuous and efficient operation of the entire natural cooling system, providing a stable cooling effect for the data center.

[0067] like Figure 2 and 5 As shown in Figure 8, the indoor unit 3 is designed with two chambers, upper and lower. This chamber design aims to optimize internal airflow organization and achieve functional zoning, such as separating the core cooling components from the air supply power components, thereby improving system stability and ease of maintenance. Specifically, the lower chamber 17 houses the evaporator 4. This configuration utilizes the physical property of cold air, which has a higher density and naturally sinks, allowing the air cooled by the evaporator 4 to more effectively accumulate in the lower region, providing a stable cold source for subsequent air supply. Simultaneously, for the superconducting liquid, the liquid superconducting liquid flows more easily into the evaporator 4 under gravity, ensuring sufficient heat exchange. The upper chamber 18 houses the coil fan 14. The main function of this fan is to drive airflow through the evaporator 4 and deliver it out of the indoor unit 3. Placing it in the upper chamber 18 effectively draws the cooled air from the lower chamber 17 upwards and, powered by the fan, delivers it to the air outlet 15, forming forced convection and ensuring efficient delivery of cooling capacity. Furthermore, an air outlet 15 is provided at the top of the upper chamber 18. This design allows cold air, driven by the coil fan 14, to be directly exhausted from the top of the indoor unit 3. Top air outlet facilitates the delivery of cold air to higher positions within the data center, or for longer distances via connecting air supply ducts, preventing cold air from accumulating near the indoor unit 3. An indoor air supply duct 16 is further connected to the air outlet 15, which precisely guides the cold air exhausted from the indoor unit 3 to specific areas within the data center requiring cooling, such as the cold aisles of server racks. Through the rational layout of the air supply ducts, precise management and distribution of cooling capacity can be achieved, ensuring temperature uniformity across all areas within the data center and preventing localized overheating.

[0068] By dividing the indoor unit 3 into upper and lower chambers, and configuring an evaporator 4 and a fan coil unit 14 in each chamber, this application optimizes the internal airflow organization of the indoor unit 3. Specifically, the evaporator 4 is placed in the lower chamber 17, allowing the cold air generated after the superconducting liquid evaporates and absorbs heat in the evaporator 4 to be effectively collected; the fan coil unit 14 is installed in the upper chamber 18, which can efficiently draw in the cold air from the lower chamber 17 and deliver it upwards. Combined with the air outlet 15 at the top of the upper chamber 18 and the connected indoor air supply duct 16, the cold air can be accurately and evenly delivered to various hot spots inside the data center. This structural design effectively solves the problem of uneven cooling distribution that may exist in traditional indoor units 3, significantly improves the overall cooling efficiency and temperature control accuracy of the data center, avoids local hot spots, and thus ensures the stable operation of data center equipment.

[0069] In a further embodiment, the outdoor heat exchange module 2 includes a heat exchange coil and a finned structure. The heat exchange coil is attached to the heat absorption section of the superconducting heat pipe assembly. The evaporator 4 adopts an aluminum tube microchannel structure. The superconducting liquid circuit 5 is a copper tube, and the copper tube is wrapped with an insulation layer. Specifically, the outdoor heat exchange module 2 includes a heat exchange coil and a finned structure. The heat exchange coil is the channel for the flow of the superconducting liquid, and is usually made of metal tubing (such as copper or aluminum tubing) bent into multiple rows or layers. The finned structure is attached to the outer surface of the coil, enhancing convective heat transfer between the air and the coil by increasing the heat exchange area. This structure can significantly improve the efficiency of the outdoor heat exchange module 2 in absorbing natural cold energy from the environment. The coil can adopt various geometric shapes such as U-shaped, L-shaped, and serpentine to adapt to different spatial layouts and fluid resistance requirements. The fins are usually stamped from thin metal sheets (such as aluminum sheets) and tightly fitted onto the coil by mechanical or hydraulic expansion to ensure good thermal contact. Parameters such as fin spacing, fin height, and fin thickness will be optimized based on actual heat exchange requirements and air resistance.

[0070] The heat exchange coil is bonded to the heat-absorbing section of the superconducting heat pipe assembly. This bonding design aims to achieve effective heat transfer between the outdoor environment and the superconducting heat pipe assembly. The heat-absorbing section of the superconducting heat pipe assembly is the part that absorbs heat from the outside. By tightly bonding it to the heat exchange coil, it is ensured that the superconducting fluid, which is cooled and liquefied in the heat exchange coil, can efficiently transfer heat to the superconducting heat pipe assembly, thereby maintaining the normal operation of the superconducting heat pipe assembly and further promoting the cooling of the superconducting fluid. Bonding methods can include mechanical pressing, welding, and filling with thermally conductive adhesive. For example, the heat exchange coil can be designed as a groove or clamp that matches the shape of the heat-absorbing section of the superconducting heat pipe assembly, and fastened with bolts or snaps to ensure sufficient contact area and contact pressure between the two. To further improve heat conduction efficiency, thermally conductive paste can be applied to the contact interface or thermally conductive pads can be used to fill tiny gaps and reduce contact thermal resistance.

[0071] The evaporator 4 employs an aluminum tube microchannel structure. Evaporator 4 is a key component for cooling the data center interior by evaporating and absorbing heat from the superconducting liquid. The aluminum tube microchannel structure is an advanced heat exchanger design characterized by multiple parallel channels with extremely small diameters within it, through which the superconducting liquid flows and evaporates. The aluminum tube microchannel evaporator 4 typically consists of flat aluminum microchannel tubes, manifolds, and fins. The internal flow channel dimensions of the microchannel tubes are typically between tens of micrometers and millimeters, which significantly increases the contact area between the superconducting liquid and the tube wall, enhancing heat transfer. Due to the microchannel effect, the superconducting liquid can form a more uniform flow pattern and a thinner liquid film during evaporation, thereby significantly improving the evaporation heat transfer coefficient. Furthermore, aluminum's excellent thermal conductivity and lightweight properties contribute to improved overall performance and reduced costs.

[0072] The superconducting fluid circuit 5 is a copper tube. Circuit 5 serves as the channel for the circulating flow of the superconducting fluid. Copper tubes are widely used in refrigeration systems due to their excellent thermal conductivity, good plasticity, corrosion resistance, and ease of connection and sealing. Different diameters and wall thicknesses of the copper tube can be selected according to system pressure and flow requirements. Brazing is typically used for connection to ensure the circuit's sealing and strength. The smooth inner wall of the copper tube helps reduce resistance to superconducting fluid flow. Furthermore, the copper tube is wrapped with an insulation layer. The insulation layer reduces heat exchange between the superconducting fluid and the external environment during its flow in the circuit, particularly preventing cold loss or heat intrusion. In natural cooling systems, the superconducting fluid is typically at a low temperature; the insulation layer effectively maintains the fluid's low temperature, improving system energy efficiency. Closed-cell foam materials such as rubber-plastic sponge and polyurethane foam can be used for insulation, as these materials have low thermal conductivity and good moisture resistance. The thickness of the insulation layer is calculated and selected based on the ambient temperature, superconducting fluid temperature, and allowable heat loss. The insulation layer is usually fixed to the outer surface of the copper pipe with adhesive or cable ties, and the joints are sealed well to prevent cold bridging and moisture penetration.

[0073] Through the above technical solutions, the outdoor heat exchange module 2 adopts a heat exchange coil and fin structure, which is closely fitted with the heat absorption section of the superconducting heat pipe assembly, significantly increasing the heat exchange area and enhancing convective heat transfer on the outdoor side. This allows the unit to absorb natural cold energy from the outdoor environment more efficiently and ensures that the cold energy is effectively transferred to the superconducting heat pipe assembly, thereby improving the cooling liquefaction efficiency of the superconducting fluid. Simultaneously, the evaporator 4 adopts an aluminum tube microchannel structure. Through its unique microchannel design, it greatly increases the evaporation heat exchange area and heat transfer coefficient of the superconducting fluid, enabling the superconducting fluid to absorb heat from the data center room more quickly and efficiently during indoor evaporation, achieving a faster and more uniform cooling effect and improving the cooling efficiency on the indoor side. Furthermore, the superconducting liquid circuit 5 uses copper tubing wrapped with an outer insulation layer. The excellent thermal conductivity of the copper tubing ensures smooth flow of the superconducting liquid, while the insulation layer effectively isolates the superconducting liquid circuit 5 from heat exchange with the external environment, significantly reducing the loss of cooling capacity during transport. This ensures that the low-temperature superconducting liquid reaches the evaporator 4 at a lower temperature, thereby maximizing the utilization of natural cooling energy and reducing the system's operating energy consumption. In summary, this application significantly improves the absorption, transfer, and utilization efficiency of natural cooling energy by optimizing the structure of key heat exchange components and the insulation design of the superconducting liquid circuit 5. This enables the entire natural cooling system to operate more efficiently and energy-savingly, providing stable and reliable cooling services for data centers.

[0074] Furthermore, when the temperature difference meets the startup conditions, the unit starts and activates the superconducting power pump 8 to drive the superconducting liquid circulation. However, in the initial stage of system startup, the pressure and flow rate in the superconducting liquid circuit 5 may not yet be stable. If the superconducting power pump 8 operates directly in variable frequency mode or at a fixed high frequency, it may cause system shock, unstable startup, or slow establishment of superconducting liquid circulation, thereby affecting the stability and efficiency of system operation. To address this, this application further proposes a method for optimizing unit startup control, in which the superconducting power pump 8 is first controlled to operate at an initial frequency when controlling unit startup.

[0075] The initial frequency is typically set to a low frequency, sufficient to drive the superconducting fluid to begin slow circulation. This aims to avoid excessive pressure fluctuations or flow surges during system startup, providing a buffer for the superconducting fluid to establish an initial flow state throughout the loop. For example, this initial frequency can be a fixed low-frequency value, such as 20Hz or 30Hz, or an empirical value preset based on historical system operating data. Subsequently, the superconducting power pump 8 will maintain this initial frequency for a preset initial time. This preset initial time is crucial for stable system operation, ensuring that the superconducting fluid has sufficient time to complete initial circulation among components such as the outdoor heat exchange module 2, the superconducting power pump 8, and the evaporator 4, allowing the system pressure and flow to stabilize and laying the foundation for subsequent precise control. This initial time can be a fixed duration, such as 30 seconds, 1 minute, or 2 minutes, and its specific value can be calibrated based on factors such as the unit model, the type of superconducting fluid, and the loop volume. After completing the initial frequency operation and stabilization time, the system will perform variable frequency control on the superconducting power pump 8 based on the real-time temperature difference. This means that the operating frequency of the superconducting power pump 8 is no longer fixed, but dynamically adjusted according to the real-time difference between the indoor return air temperature and the outdoor ambient temperature to precisely match the actual cooling load demand of the data center. For example, when the real-time temperature difference is large, the frequency of the superconducting power pump 8 can be appropriately increased to increase the cooling capacity; when the real-time temperature difference is small, the frequency of the superconducting power pump 8 can be decreased to reduce the cooling capacity, thereby achieving energy-saving operation. Through the above technical solution, in the initial stage of unit startup, the superconducting power pump 8 can smoothly establish superconducting liquid circulation, effectively avoiding system shocks and instabilities that may be caused by direct frequency conversion or high-frequency startup, thereby protecting the equipment and extending the service life of the superconducting power pump 8 and the entire unit. At the same time, after the system is running stably, the frequency conversion control based on the real-time temperature difference enables the cooling capacity output to accurately respond to load changes, realizing on-demand cooling, significantly improving the system's operating efficiency and energy-saving effect, and ensuring the precise control and stability of the data center's indoor temperature.

[0076] Furthermore, the frequency conversion control in this application specifically involves: using the indoor return air temperature as the control target, setting a target temperature value and a temperature control hysteresis value; when the return air temperature is greater than or equal to the sum of the target temperature value and the temperature loading hysteresis, the control unit enters the cooling loading zone; when the return air temperature is less than or equal to the difference between the target temperature value and the temperature unloading hysteresis, the control unit enters the cooling unloading zone.

[0077] Specifically, using indoor return air temperature as a control target means using the return air temperature inside the data center as the primary basis for adjusting the operation of the cooling system. Indoor return air temperature is one of the most direct and accurate indicators reflecting the heat load and cooling effect within a data center. Using it as a control target ensures that the cooling system directly responds to the actual cooling needs inside the data center, thereby achieving precise management of the data center's ambient temperature. For example, this temperature can be continuously monitored by a temperature sensor installed at the return air vent of the indoor unit.

[0078] Setting a target temperature value refers to setting a desired indoor return air temperature for the data center. This target temperature value is typically set based on the operational requirements of the data center equipment, energy optimization strategies, and relevant industry standards. It can be a fixed value or dynamically adjusted according to time, season, or IT equipment load. For example, it can be set to 20°C or 10°C to meet the operational requirements of most data center equipment.

[0079] Temperature control hysteresis, also known as dead zone or lag, is a temperature range introduced to prevent the control system from frequently switching states near the target temperature value. This value is adjustable, with a range of 1–12℃. The default is 4℃; details are described below. When the actual temperature fluctuates around the target temperature value, triggering control action with every small fluctuation can lead to system instability and equipment wear. By setting a hysteresis value, control action is ensured only when the temperature deviates from the target value to a certain extent, thereby improving system stability and extending equipment lifespan. This hysteresis value can be adjusted according to actual needs.

[0080] When the return air temperature is greater than or equal to the sum of the target temperature and the temperature loading hysteresis, the control unit enters the cooling loading zone. Here, "cooling loading zone" indicates that the system needs to increase cooling capacity to lower the indoor temperature. When the indoor return air temperature rises above the target temperature plus a loading hysteresis, it indicates that the current cooling capacity is insufficient to handle the heat load, and the system needs to start or increase its cooling capacity. For example, the operating frequency of the superconducting power pump 8 can be increased, or more cooling units can be started. When the return air temperature is less than or equal to the difference between the target temperature and the temperature unloading hysteresis, the control unit enters the cooling unloading zone. Here, "cooling unloading zone" indicates that the system can reduce cooling capacity to avoid overcooling. When the indoor return air temperature drops below the target temperature minus an unloading hysteresis, it indicates that the current cooling capacity is excessive, and the system can reduce its cooling capacity. For example, the operating frequency of the superconducting power pump 8 can be reduced, or some cooling units can be shut down. The loading hysteresis and unloading hysteresis can be the same or different to provide a more flexible control strategy.

[0081] Through the above technical solution, this application uses indoor return air temperature as the core control target and introduces a target temperature value and a temperature control hysteresis value. When the indoor return air temperature deviates from the target temperature value to the preset loading hysteresis, the system enters the cooling loading zone and actively increases the cooling capacity to quickly respond to the increase in heat load; when the indoor return air temperature drops below the target temperature value minus the preset unloading hysteresis, the system enters the cooling unloading zone and reduces the cooling capacity in a timely manner. This precise control strategy based on indoor return air temperature, combined with hysteresis control, effectively avoids frequent start-ups or adjustments of the unit near the target temperature, significantly improves the stability of the indoor temperature in the data center, enabling it to be precisely maintained within the ideal range, while reducing equipment operating energy consumption and wear, extending equipment lifespan, and thus improving the operating efficiency and reliability of the entire natural cooling system.

[0082] Furthermore, when controlling the unit to start, the system also includes first controlling the outdoor unit 1 condenser fan to start, with the condenser fan starting earlier than the superconducting power pump 8; when controlling the unit to stop, the condenser fan stops later than the superconducting power pump 8. Specifically, the outdoor unit 1 condenser fan is a key component for enhancing the heat exchange efficiency between the outdoor heat exchange module 2 and the ambient air. In natural cooling mode, the fan forces airflow through the outdoor heat exchange module 2 to promote the cooling and liquefaction of the superconducting liquid. Its start-up is typically controlled by the controller based on the system operating status, and can be achieved through direct power supply, frequency conversion drive, or soft start.

[0083] During unit startup, the condenser fan is activated earlier than the superconducting power pump 8 to establish a prepared and efficient heat exchange environment for the superconducting liquid circulation. This means that the condenser fan has already started and been running for a period of time before the superconducting power pump 8 begins driving the superconducting liquid circulation, allowing the heat exchange surface temperature of the outdoor heat exchange module 2 to begin to decrease and establish a stable airflow field. After receiving the unit startup command, the controller first sends a startup signal to the condenser fan, and then sends a startup signal to the superconducting power pump 8 after a preset delay time (e.g., several seconds to tens of seconds). This delay time can be optimized based on unit design, environmental conditions, and actual test results.

[0084] Accordingly, when the unit stops operating, the shut-off time of the condenser fan is later than that of the superconducting power pump 8. This is to ensure that the outdoor heat exchange module 2 can continue heat exchange for a period of time after the superconducting power pump 8 stops operating. This helps to fully cool and liquefy the residual superconducting liquid in the superconducting liquid circuit 5, allowing it to flow back to the reservoir or low-pressure side as much as possible, and preventing the superconducting liquid from stagnating under high temperature and high pressure. After receiving the unit stop command, the controller first sends a shut-off signal to the superconducting power pump 8, and after the superconducting power pump 8 stops operating, allows the condenser fan to continue running for a preset delay time (e.g., several seconds to one minute) before shutting it off. This delay time can also be adjusted according to system characteristics.

[0085] Through the above technical solution, when the unit starts up, the condenser fan of the outdoor unit 1 is started first, and its start time is earlier than that of the superconducting power pump 8. This allows the effective heat exchange capacity of the outdoor heat exchange module 2 to be established in advance. This ensures that when the superconducting power pump 8 starts driving the superconducting liquid circulation, the outdoor heat exchange module 2 is already in the optimal cooling state, capable of efficiently cooling and liquefying the superconducting liquid. This avoids problems such as insufficient liquefaction of the superconducting liquid, large system pressure fluctuations, or delayed cooling effect caused by insufficient heat exchange in the initial stage of startup, thus improving the startup efficiency and stability of the unit. At the same time, when the unit stops running, the condenser fan is controlled to shut down later than the superconducting power pump 8, so that the outdoor heat exchange module 2 can continue to dissipate heat for a period of time after the superconducting power pump 8 stops working. This helps to fully cool and liquefy the residual superconducting liquid in the superconducting liquid circuit 5, promoting its complete return and preventing the superconducting liquid from remaining on the high-pressure side when the system is shut down. This reduces the system load during the next startup, reduces the impact on key components such as the superconducting power pump 8 and the evaporator 4, extends the service life of the equipment, and further improves the operational reliability of the system.

[0086] Furthermore, the unit also includes an indoor ventilation fan, and the method further includes: when the unit is started, controlling the indoor ventilation fan to start before the superconducting power pump 8 is turned on; when the unit is stopped, controlling the indoor ventilation fan to delay turning off after the superconducting power pump 8 is turned off.

[0087] Specifically, the indoor air supply fan is a key component of the data center's indoor unit. Its main function is to force air cooled by the evaporator into the data center space to effectively cool the indoor equipment. This fan typically uses a centrifugal or axial fan, with an impeller driven by a motor to generate airflow. Its speed and airflow can be adjusted according to actual needs, such as through variable frequency control or fixed frequency control. Its role is to ensure uniform distribution of cooling within the data center, improve overall heat exchange efficiency, and maintain indoor temperature and humidity within preset ranges.

[0088] When the unit starts, the indoor air supply fan is activated before the superconducting power pump 8 is turned on, aiming to pre-establish indoor air circulation. This means that the indoor air supply fan is started in advance, allowing indoor air to begin flowing, before the superconducting power pump 8 begins driving the superconducting liquid circulation and generating cooling. This helps eliminate localized hot spots within the data center and provides a uniform heat exchange medium for the upcoming cooling. This pre-start mechanism effectively avoids localized overcooling or heat accumulation caused by poor air circulation when cooling is first generated, thereby improving the smoothness and efficiency of cooling start-up. In practice, after receiving the unit start command, the control system first sends a start signal to the indoor air supply fan. After the fan is running stably and has established airflow, the superconducting power pump 8 is then triggered to start.

[0089] When the unit stops, the indoor air supply fan is delayed in shutting down after the superconducting power pump 8 is turned off. This is to fully utilize the residual cooling in the system and achieve a smooth transition. After the superconducting power pump 8 stops operating, the superconducting liquid circulation also stops, but a small amount of residual cooling may still remain in the evaporator 4 and the superconducting liquid circuit 5. The delayed shutdown of the indoor air supply fan allows this residual cooling to continue to be blown into the indoor space, maximizing the utilization of cooling energy and avoiding waste. At the same time, this delayed shutdown also helps the indoor temperature rise steadily, avoiding sudden temperature changes caused by abrupt cessation of air supply, thereby improving the comfort and stability of the shutdown process. In implementation, after receiving the unit stop command, the control system first shuts down the superconducting power pump 8, then starts a timer, and shuts down the indoor air supply fan after a preset delay time. The delay time can be reasonably set according to factors such as system inertia and residual cooling capacity.

[0090] Through the above technical solution, when the unit starts up, the indoor air supply fan starts before the superconducting power pump 8 turns on, which can pre-establish indoor air circulation. This allows the cooling capacity to be quickly and evenly distributed throughout the data center space when the superconducting power pump 8 begins to provide cooling, avoiding cooling accumulation or localized overcooling. This accelerates the establishment of the cooling effect and improves the efficiency and stability during the start-up phase. Simultaneously, when the unit stops, the indoor air supply fan delays its shutdown after the superconducting power pump 8 turns off, fully utilizing the residual cooling capacity in the evaporator 4 and the superconducting liquid circuit 5. This avoids wasting cooling energy and ensures a smooth transition in indoor temperature, preventing sudden temperature changes due to abrupt airflow interruption, further improving the system's energy efficiency and operational comfort. This coordinated control strategy optimizes the matching of airflow and cooling supply throughout the entire cooling process, significantly improving the temperature control accuracy and overall operating efficiency of the data center.

[0091] In a further embodiment, the frequency conversion control range of the superconducting power pump 8 is 0–140Hz. Specifically, the frequency conversion control range refers to the upper and lower limits of the adjustable operating frequency of the superconducting power pump 8 under the drive of the frequency converter. Setting the frequency conversion control range of the superconducting power pump 8 to 0–140Hz aims to ensure that the superconducting power pump 8 operates within a safe and efficient range, avoiding equipment damage or inefficiency caused by excessively high or low frequencies. 0Hz indicates that the superconducting power pump 8 can completely stop operating, achieving standby or shutdown, thereby maximizing energy savings when cooling is not required. 140Hz represents the maximum operating frequency of the superconducting power pump 8, and this upper limit is determined through optimization based on a combination of factors such as the rated parameters of the superconducting power pump 8, system design pressure, flow requirements, and superconducting fluid characteristics. When maximum cooling capacity is required, the superconducting power pump 8 can operate at 140Hz to provide the maximum superconducting fluid circulation volume and pressure, ensuring effective cooling of the data center even under high-temperature loads. The inverter smoothly adjusts the operating frequency of the superconducting power pump 8 between 0Hz and 140Hz based on control signals, such as instructions from the controller calculated based on the temperature difference between the indoor return air temperature and the outdoor ambient temperature.

[0092] This application further proposes a preset heat pipe on-start temperature difference threshold of 20°C and a preset heat pipe off-start temperature difference threshold of 8°C. Specifically, the preset heat pipe on-start temperature difference threshold of 20°C means that the unit is controlled to start when the temperature difference between the indoor return air temperature detected by the return air temperature sensor and the outdoor ambient temperature detected by the ambient temperature sensor reaches or exceeds 20°C. This threshold is set to ensure that the natural cooling unit is only started when the indoor-outdoor temperature difference is sufficiently large, the outdoor cold source is sufficient, and there is significant cooling potential. For example, when the indoor return air temperature is 10°C and the outdoor ambient temperature is -10°C, the temperature difference is 20°C, and the system determines that the start-up conditions are met. By setting a higher on-start temperature difference threshold, ineffective unit startup when the outdoor cold source is insufficient can be effectively avoided, thereby ensuring the cooling efficiency and stability of the unit after startup.

[0093] The preset heat pipe shut-off temperature difference threshold of 8°C means that when the temperature difference between the indoor return air temperature and the outdoor ambient temperature drops to or below 8°C, the unit will stop operating. This threshold is set to prevent the unit from continuing to operate when the indoor and outdoor temperature difference is too small, the cooling efficiency is extremely low, or the cooling demand cannot be met. For example, when the indoor return air temperature is 25°C and the outdoor ambient temperature is 18°C, the temperature difference is 7°C, and the system determines that the shutdown condition is met. By setting an appropriate shut-off temperature difference threshold, inefficient operation can be stopped in time, saving energy and preventing the unit from operating for extended periods in a near-thermal equilibrium state, thereby extending the equipment's lifespan.

[0094] To address this, this application further proposes that the temperature control hysteresis value be adjusted within a range of 1–12°C, with a default value of 4°C. Setting the temperature control hysteresis value within this range means that it is not fixed but can be flexibly adjusted according to actual operational needs. For example, in scenarios with extremely high temperature stability requirements, the hysteresis value can be set smaller to achieve more precise temperature control; while in scenarios sensitive to energy consumption or with large load fluctuations, the hysteresis value can be appropriately increased to reduce the frequency of unit start-ups and shutdowns and improve operational economy. This adjustability allows the system to adapt to different data center sizes, IT equipment densities, and external environmental conditions, thereby optimizing cooling performance and energy consumption. The default value of 4°C provides the system with an initial parameter that allows it to operate well in most common data center application scenarios. This default value is determined based on a comprehensive consideration of typical data center operating characteristics and cooling requirements, aiming to balance temperature control accuracy and unit operational stability. Users can directly adopt this default value during initial deployment or without fine-tuning to achieve a relatively ideal cooling effect. At the same time, this default value also provides a benchmark for subsequent fine-tuning based on specific working conditions.

[0095] By setting the temperature control hysteresis value within an adjustment range of 1–12℃ and providing a default value of 4℃, the natural cooling energy control method for data centers becomes more flexible and adaptable in practical applications. When data center load or environmental conditions change, maintenance personnel can adjust the temperature control hysteresis value within the 1–12℃ range according to actual needs, thereby finely balancing the stability of indoor temperature and the operating efficiency of the cooling units. For example, in scenarios sensitive to temperature fluctuations, the hysteresis value can be reduced to achieve stricter temperature control; while in scenarios where a certain degree of temperature fluctuation is allowed to save energy, the hysteresis value can be appropriately increased to reduce the number of unit start-ups and shutdowns and extend equipment life. The default value of 4℃ ensures that the system can provide stable and reliable cooling services even without specific optimization, reducing the complexity of deployment and maintenance. This adjustable hysteresis value mechanism effectively avoids frequent start-ups and shutdowns or response delays caused by fixed hysteresis values, significantly improving the intelligence level, operational stability, and energy utilization efficiency of the cooling system.

[0096] The following example will provide a more detailed explanation of the above technical solution:

[0097] A data center located in a northern region has extremely high requirements for indoor temperature stability, while also facing challenges such as high energy consumption of traditional compression chillers, reduced efficiency in low-temperature environments, and low utilization of natural cooling energy. To address these challenges, the data center deployed a superconducting heat pipe type natural cooling unit.

[0098] The core of this unit lies in the superconducting heat pipe section 6 within its superconducting liquid circuit 5. This section houses the superconducting heat pipe assembly, which integrates a superconducting power pump 8. The unit also includes an outdoor unit 1, an indoor unit 3, a return air temperature sensor located in the indoor unit 3, and an ambient temperature sensor located in the outdoor unit 1. To further optimize system performance, an expansion tank 12 is installed within the superconducting heat pipe section 6 to effectively buffer pressure fluctuations that may occur in the superconducting liquid during operation. Specifically, both the superconducting power pump 8 and the expansion tank 12 are installed in the outdoor unit 1, and the condenser outlet 13 of the outdoor heat exchange module 2 is not higher than the inlet of the superconducting power pump 8. This ensures that the liquefied superconducting liquid can flow smoothly into the superconducting power pump 8 by gravity, avoiding the strict dependence on installation height differences inherent in traditional heat pipe units.

[0099] In winter or spring / autumn, when the outdoor ambient temperature is low, the unit's control system begins to operate. First, the return air temperature sensor monitors the indoor return air temperature in real time, for example, detecting an indoor return air temperature of 18°C. Simultaneously, the ambient temperature sensor monitors the outdoor ambient temperature, for example, detecting an outdoor ambient temperature of -10°C. The control system then calculates the temperature difference between the indoor return air temperature and the outdoor ambient temperature, which is 28°C in this example.

[0100] When the calculated temperature difference (28℃) is greater than or equal to the preset heat pipe opening temperature difference threshold (e.g., 20℃), the control system determines that the current conditions are suitable for utilizing natural cooling energy and controls the unit to start. During the unit startup process, in order to ensure stable system operation and maximize heat exchange efficiency, the control logic has been finely designed:

[0101] First, the control system will start the condenser fan of outdoor unit 1. The condenser fan starts earlier than the superconducting power pump 8, for example, 30 seconds earlier. This helps to establish airflow in outdoor heat exchange module 2 in advance, creating favorable conditions for the subsequent condensation of the superconducting liquid. The condenser fan uses 0-10V output frequency conversion control, and the speed can be adjusted according to actual needs.

[0102] Subsequently, the control system starts the indoor air supply fan. The indoor air supply fan starts before the superconducting power pump 8 is turned on, for example, 10 seconds in advance, to ensure indoor air circulation and prepare for heat absorption by the evaporator 4. The indoor air supply fan also uses 0-10V output frequency converter control.

[0103] Next, the superconducting power pump 8 is activated. The superconducting power pump 8 initially operates at an initial frequency (e.g., 50 Hz) and maintains this frequency for a preset initial time (e.g., 5 minutes). This is intended to quickly establish a stable circulation of the superconducting fluid and overcome the inertia during system startup. After the initial operating time, the control system uses variable frequency control of the superconducting power pump 8 based on the real-time temperature difference. The variable frequency control range is 0–140 Hz, precisely adjusting the superconducting fluid flow rate to achieve on-demand cooling.

[0104] Driven by the superconducting power pump 8, the superconducting liquid circulates in the superconducting liquid circuit 5. The outdoor heat exchange module 2 (which includes a heat exchange coil and finned structure, with the heat exchange coil and the heat absorption section of the superconducting heat pipe assembly tightly fitted) absorbs outdoor natural cold energy, causing the superconducting liquid to be cooled and liquefied within it. The liquefied superconducting liquid enters the superconducting power pump 8, and after being pressurized by the superconducting power pump 8, it is delivered to the evaporator 4 of the indoor unit 3. The indoor unit 3 is divided into upper and lower chambers. The lower chamber 17 is used to house the evaporator 4 (which adopts an aluminum tube microchannel structure), and the upper chamber 18 is equipped with a coil fan 14. An air outlet 15 is provided at the top of the upper chamber 18, and an indoor air supply duct 16 is connected to the air outlet 15. The superconducting liquid evaporates and absorbs heat in the evaporator 4, cooling the indoor data center, and the cool air is delivered into the data center through the indoor air supply fan and indoor air supply duct 16. The entire superconducting fluid circuit 5 uses copper tubing, and the copper tubing is wrapped with an insulation layer to reduce heat loss.

[0105] Compared to traditional heat pipe systems that rely solely on gravity, this solution utilizes a superconducting power pump 8 to force the circulation of the superconducting fluid, significantly improving the fluid's flow dynamics and heat exchange efficiency. Especially in low-temperature environments, it effectively overcomes the problem of insufficient working fluid flow, ensuring stable cooling for the data center around the clock. Simultaneously, through precise temperature difference control logic and variable frequency regulation of the superconducting power pump 8, the system maximizes the utilization of outdoor natural cooling energy, reducing operating energy consumption.

[0106] To further optimize indoor temperature control, this method also uses the indoor return air temperature as the control target. For example, the target temperature is set to 24℃, and the temperature control hysteresis is set to 4℃ (adjustment range 1-12℃). When the return air temperature is greater than or equal to the sum of the target temperature and the temperature loading hysteresis (i.e., 24℃ + 4℃ = 28℃), the control unit enters the cooling loading zone, and the system increases the cooling output. When the return air temperature is less than or equal to the difference between the target temperature and the temperature unloading hysteresis (i.e., 24℃ - 4℃ = 20℃), the control unit enters the cooling unloading zone, and the system reduces the cooling output. This refined control based on return air temperature ensures the stability of the data center's indoor temperature and avoids over-cooling or under-cooling.

[0107] As the outdoor ambient temperature gradually rises or the heat load inside the data center decreases, the temperature difference between indoors and outdoors will gradually decrease. When the calculated temperature difference is less than or equal to the preset heat pipe shut-off temperature difference threshold (e.g., 8°C), the control system determines that the current utilization efficiency of natural cooling energy is no longer economical and controls the unit to stop operating. A phased shutdown strategy is also adopted during the unit shutdown process:

[0108] First, the superconducting power pump 8 is shut down.

[0109] Subsequently, the indoor air supply fan is delayed in shutting down after the superconducting power pump 8 is turned off, for example, by 30 seconds, in order to utilize the residual cooling capacity in the evaporator 4 and to purge the residual heat in the indoor air supply duct 16.

[0110] Finally, the condenser fan of outdoor unit 1 is delayed in shutting down after the superconducting power pump 8 is turned off, for example, by 60 seconds, to fully dissipate the residual heat of outdoor heat exchange module 2 and prepare for the next startup.

[0111] Through the above control methods, the superconducting heat pipe natural cooling unit of the data center can efficiently and stably utilize natural cooling energy, significantly reduce the energy consumption of the cooling system, and overcome the limitations of traditional refrigeration and existing heat pipe technology, providing reliable cooling guarantee for the data center.

[0112] The above description is merely an embodiment of this application and is not intended to limit the scope of protection of this application. Various modifications and variations can be made to this application by those skilled in the art. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of this application should be included within the scope of protection of this application.

Claims

1. A natural cooling control method for a data center, applied to a superconducting heat pipe type natural cooling unit, the unit comprising an outdoor unit (1), an indoor unit (3), a superconducting power pump (8) disposed in a superconducting liquid circuit (5) between an outdoor heat exchange module (2) and an evaporator (4), a return air temperature sensor disposed in the indoor unit (3), and an ambient temperature sensor disposed in the outdoor unit (1); characterized in that, The superconducting liquid circuit (5) of the unit has a superconducting heat pipe section (6), and a superconducting heat pipe assembly is provided in the superconducting heat pipe section (6). The superconducting heat pipe assembly includes the superconducting power pump (8); the method includes the following steps: Step S1: Detect the indoor return air temperature using the return air temperature sensor, and detect the outdoor ambient temperature using the ambient temperature sensor; Step S2: Calculate the temperature difference between the indoor return air temperature and the outdoor ambient temperature; Step S3: When the temperature difference is greater than or equal to the preset heat pipe opening temperature difference threshold, control the unit to start and turn on the superconducting power pump (8) so that the superconducting liquid circulates under the drive of the superconducting power pump (8); wherein, the outdoor heat exchange module (2) absorbs outdoor natural cold energy, so that the superconducting liquid is cooled and liquefied in the outdoor heat exchange module (2); the liquefied superconducting liquid enters the superconducting power pump (8), and after being pressurized by the superconducting power pump (8), it is delivered to the evaporator (4); the superconducting liquid evaporates and absorbs heat in the evaporator (4) to cool the indoor data center room; Step S4: When the temperature difference is less than or equal to the preset heat pipe shut-off temperature difference threshold, control the unit to stop operating.

2. The natural cooling energy control method for data centers according to claim 1, characterized in that, An expansion tank (12) is also provided inside the superconducting heat pipe section (6) to buffer the pressure fluctuation of the superconducting liquid.

3. The natural cooling energy control method for data centers according to claim 2, characterized in that, The superconducting power pump (8) and the expansion tank (12) are installed in the outdoor unit (1), and the liquid outlet end (13) of the condenser of the outdoor heat exchange module (2) is not higher than the inlet of the superconducting power pump (8) to ensure that the superconducting liquid can flow smoothly into the superconducting power pump (8).

4. The natural cooling energy control method for data centers according to claim 2, characterized in that, The superconducting power pump (8) and the expansion tank (12) are installed in the indoor unit (3), and the outdoor heat exchange module (2) is positioned at a high position to ensure that the superconducting liquid can flow smoothly into the superconducting power pump (8).

5. The natural cooling energy control method for data centers according to claim 1, characterized in that, The indoor unit (3) is divided into upper and lower chambers. The lower chamber (17) is used to place the evaporator (4), and the upper chamber (18) is equipped with a coil fan (14). An air outlet (15) is provided at the top of the upper chamber (18), and an indoor air supply pipe (16) is connected to the air outlet (15).

6. The natural cooling energy control method for data centers according to claim 1, characterized in that, The outdoor heat exchange module (2) includes a heat exchange coil and a finned structure. The heat exchange coil is attached to the heat absorption section of the superconducting heat pipe assembly. The evaporator (4) adopts an aluminum tube microchannel structure. The superconducting liquid circuit (5) is a copper tube, and the copper tube is wrapped with an insulation layer.

7. The natural cooling energy control method for data centers according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step S3, when controlling the start of the unit, the method further includes: first controlling the superconducting power pump (8) to run at an initial frequency and maintaining the initial frequency for a preset initial time, and then controlling the superconducting power pump (8) by frequency conversion according to the real-time temperature difference.

8. The natural cooling energy control method for data centers according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step S3, when controlling the unit to start, the method further includes: first controlling the outdoor unit (1) condenser fan to start, and the start time of the condenser fan is earlier than the start time of the superconducting power pump (8); when controlling the unit to stop, the stop time of the condenser fan is later than the stop time of the superconducting power pump (8).

9. The natural cooling energy control method for data centers according to claim 1, characterized in that, The method further includes: using the indoor return air temperature as the control target, setting a target temperature value and a temperature control hysteresis value; when the return air temperature is greater than or equal to the sum of the target temperature value and the temperature loading hysteresis, controlling the unit to enter the cooling loading zone; when the return air temperature is less than or equal to the difference between the target temperature value and the temperature unloading hysteresis, controlling the unit to enter the cooling unloading zone.

10. The natural cooling energy control method for data centers according to claim 1, characterized in that, The unit also includes an indoor ventilation fan, and the method further includes: when the unit is started, controlling the indoor ventilation fan to start before the superconducting power pump (8) is turned on; when the unit is stopped, controlling the indoor ventilation fan to turn off after the superconducting power pump (8) is turned off with a delay.

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