Pile foundation type flood drainage channel structure suitable for silt layer and construction method

Abstract

This invention relates to a pile-foundation-supported drainage channel structure and construction method suitable for silt-rich soil layers. The structure includes: a load-bearing and fixing system, consisting of precast piles driven into stable strata and side and middle bearing plates located at the slope toe and channel bottom, used to transfer loads to the deep foundation; an erosion protection system, consisting of a spatial frame formed by bottom crossbeams, slope crossbeams, and bottom longitudinal beams, with flexible bottom and slope protection laid inside to form semi-flexible protection; and a connection and reinforcement system consisting of anchor chains connecting the bottom and slope crossbeams. The construction method includes: site layout, pile driving and bearing plate installation, beam frame construction, anchor chain installation, and laying of geotextile and flexible facing. This invention solves the problem of deep settlement through pile foundations and solves the problem of erosion and downcutting through semi-rigid frame constraint of flexible facing, combining high stability, strong erosion resistance, and good economy, making it particularly suitable for drainage channel construction in areas with deep silt-rich soil layers.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the technical field of flood drainage facilities in water conservancy projects, specifically relating to a pile-foundation bearing flood drainage channel structure and construction method suitable for siltation soil layers. Background Technology

[0002] During long-term operation, silt-retaining dam reservoirs gradually fill with silt. Once the siltation reaches its design limit, the silted area needs to be converted into farmland for land reuse. Before conversion, the upstream flood discharge problem must be addressed to prevent floods from eroding farmland and damaging surrounding ecosystems and infrastructure, especially in large silt-retaining dam reservoirs. However, the soil layers in silted areas have inherent defects such as low bearing capacity, poor soil homogeneity, and low erosion velocity. Traditional flood discharge channel structures are mostly suitable for hard strata or soils with high bearing capacity. When directly applied to silted soil layers, problems such as channel erosion, slope collapse, and structural deformation easily occur, leading to the failure of flood discharge function.

[0003] Currently, there is a lack of systematic research on the structural design of dedicated flood drainage channels for the special geological conditions of siltation soil layers. Existing technologies are unable to balance structural stability, erosion resistance, and economy, and cannot meet the long-term flood drainage needs after the transformation of siltation areas. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of this invention is to provide a pile-foundation bearing flood drainage channel structure and construction method suitable for siltation soil layers, so as to overcome the above-mentioned technical defects.

[0005] To solve the above-mentioned technical problems, the present invention provides a pile-foundation bearing flood drainage channel structure suitable for siltation soil layers, comprising: The load-bearing and fixing system includes multiple precast piles driven into the stable stratum below the silt layer, side bearing plates symmetrically arranged at the toe of the slope on both sides of the drainage channel, and a middle bearing plate arranged at the bottom of the drainage channel; the side bearing plates and the middle bearing plate are fixedly connected to the top of the precast piles through pile limiting holes provided thereon. The erosion protection system includes bottom crossbeams arranged in transverse sections along the drainage channel, slope crossbeams arranged along the inclined direction of the drainage channel slopes on both sides, bottom longitudinal beams located at the toe of the slopes on both sides of the drainage channel, bottom protection laid at the bottom of the drainage channel, and slope protection laid on the slopes on both sides of the drainage channel; the two ends of the bottom crossbeams are connected to the side bearing plates on both sides, and their bottoms are supported by the middle bearing plate; the bottom end of the slope crossbeams is connected to the side bearing plates; the bottom longitudinal beams connect adjacent sections of the bottom crossbeams and the side bearing plates; The connection and reinforcement system includes an anchoring chain connecting the bottom crossbeam and the slope crossbeam.

[0006] According to a pile-supported flood drainage channel structure suitable for silt-laden soil layers, the side bearing plate includes: The side bearing plate main board is provided with side bearing plate blocks for limiting the slope crossbeam and the bottom longitudinal beam, and side bearing plate pile limiting holes for connecting with the precast pile.

[0007] According to a pile-supported flood drainage channel structure suitable for silt-laden soil layers, the intermediate bearing plate includes: The main plate of the intermediate plate is provided with an intermediate plate stop block for assisting in fixing the bottom crossbeam, and an intermediate plate pile limiting hole for connecting with the precast pile.

[0008] According to a pile-foundation bearing flood drainage channel structure suitable for silty soil layers, the bottom protection is a flexible sand and gravel cushion layer; The slope protection is a gabion mesh structure filled with boulders or pebbles.

[0009] According to a pile-supported flood drainage channel structure suitable for silt-laden soil layers, the slope crossbeam includes: The main beam of the slope beam has a slope beam capping at the top and a slope beam protruding platform on the lower surface, which has slope beam pile limiting holes for connecting with the precast piles and slope beam anchoring holes for connecting with the anchoring chain.

[0010] According to a pile-foundation bearing flood drainage channel structure suitable for siltation layers, the bottom crossbeam is provided with bottom crossbeam anchoring holes for connecting the anchoring chain.

[0011] According to a pile-supported flood drainage channel structure suitable for siltation soil layers, the anchoring chain includes a connecting chain and an anchoring block fixed to the end of the connecting chain.

[0012] According to a pile-foundation bearing flood drainage channel structure suitable for siltation soil layers, the precast piles are spaced 2 to 5 meters apart along the longitudinal direction of the flood drainage channel, and the depth of their driving into stable strata is not less than 1.5 meters.

[0013] According to a pile-foundation bearing flood drainage channel structure suitable for siltation soil layers, along the longitudinal direction of the flood drainage channel, the center distance of the bottom crossbeam is 3m to 5m, and the center distance of the slope crossbeam is 3m to 5m.

[0014] The present invention also provides a construction method for a pile-foundation bearing flood drainage channel suitable for silt-laden soil layers, for constructing a pile-foundation bearing flood drainage channel structure suitable for silt-laden soil layers, comprising the following steps: The site was cleared and lines were laid out on the surface of the silt layer to mark the installation positions of the precast piles, the side bearing plates, and the middle bearing plates; The precast piles are driven into the marked positions, and the side bearing plates and the middle bearing plates are installed on top of the precast piles; The bottom crossbeams are installed in sections, with both ends connected to the side bearing plates and the bottom supported by the middle bearing plate; the bottom longitudinal beams are installed to connect the adjacent bottom crossbeams to the side bearing plates; the slope crossbeams are installed along both sides of the drainage channel slope, with their bottom ends connected to the side bearing plates. Install anchor chains to connect and reinforce the bottom crossbeam and the slope crossbeam; Reverse filter geotextile is laid at the bottom of the drainage channel and on both sides of the channel slope. A bottom protection is laid on the surface of the reverse filter geotextile at the bottom of the drainage channel, and a slope protection is laid and fixed on the surface of the reverse filter geotextile on both sides of the drainage channel slope.

[0015] The beneficial effects of this invention are as follows: (1) Existing technologies mainly adapt to uneven settlement of the foundation by the flexible deformation of the surface material. The load still acts on the shallow part of the weak silt layer and cannot prevent structural settlement caused by deep soil compression or lateral slippage. Once the settlement is too large, the structure is easily broken, leading to the failure of the drainage channel. The present invention constructs a "pile foundation-slab" bearing and fixing system. The entire load of the drainage channel is directly transferred to the deep stable stratum through precast piles, thereby fundamentally isolating the influence of the low bearing capacity and high compressibility of the silt layer on the superstructure. It effectively eliminates the failure modes such as overall settlement, tilting or slippage of the channel body and provides a reliable solution for the construction of permanent drainage channels on extremely soft foundations.

[0016] (2) In view of the extremely low scour velocity of the silt layer, this invention does not adopt a fully rigid or fully flexible protection. Instead, it uses a spatial three-dimensional frame composed of bottom crossbeams, slope crossbeams, and bottom longitudinal beams to provide a solid, semi-rigid constraint skeleton for the flexible bottom and slope protection. This constraint skeleton can not only effectively disperse and resist the scour force and downcutting force of the water flow, preventing the surface material from being partially hollowed out, but also constrain and coordinate the deformation of the lower flexible bottom protection (gravel cushion layer) and slope protection (gabion mesh box), so that it can always maintain its integrity and functionality in the process of adapting to the slight deformation of the foundation. Compared with pure flexible protection, the scour velocity resistance and overall stability of this structure are greatly improved; compared with pure rigid structure, it also has excellent deformation adaptability, avoiding the cracking of rigid panels and other defects caused by foundation deformation.

[0017] (3) This invention achieves the positioning and firm connection between the precast piles and the upper beam system through the pile limiting holes and stops on the side bearing plate and the middle bearing plate, and forms a multi-protection connection and reinforcement system by transversely connecting the nodes of the bottom crossbeam and the slope crossbeam through the anchoring chain. This makes the load-bearing fixing system, the erosion protection system and the foundation work closely together to form a spatial integral structure with high overall rigidity and strong resistance to sliding and overturning. Most of the components are made of precast reinforced concrete, and the facing is made of corrosion-resistant gabion mesh and durable stone, ensuring the durability of the structure under long-term water erosion and complex geological environment.

[0018] (4) This invention is specifically designed for deep silt soil layers with extremely low bearing capacity and poor stratum uniformity. It is particularly suitable for permanent flood discharge after the siltation area of ​​a large silt dam is converted into farmland, as well as for channel construction projects on similar soft foundations. Its structural form can flexibly adjust parameters (such as pile spacing, pile length, and beam spacing) according to actual hydrogeological conditions, and has good adaptability and scalability.

[0019] To make the above description of the present invention more apparent and understandable, preferred embodiments are described below in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. Attached Figure Description

[0020] Figure 1 It is a plan view of a pile-supported flood drainage channel structure applicable to siltation soil layers.

[0021] Figure 2 yes Figure 1 AA section view.

[0022] Figure 3 yes Figure 1 BB cross-section diagram.

[0023] Figure 4 yes Figure 1 CC cross-section view.

[0024] Figure 5 yes Figure 1 DD cross-section view.

[0025] Figure 6 yes Figure 1 The large-scale diagram of connection point M in the diagram.

[0026] Figure 7 This is the detailed drawing of the bottom crossbeam.

[0027] Figure 8 This is a detailed drawing of the slope beam.

[0028] Figure 9 This is a detailed drawing of the edge bearing plate.

[0029] Figure 9a yes Figure 9 A sectional view along direction aa.

[0030] Figure 9b yes Figure 9 BB-directed sectional view.

[0031] Figure 9c yes Figure 9 The cc-direction sectional view.

[0032] Figure 9d yes Figure 9 dd-direction sectional view.

[0033] Figure 10 This is a detailed drawing of the intermediate support plate.

[0034] Figure 10a yes Figure 10 A sectional view along direction aa.

[0035] Figure 10b yes Figure 10 The cc-direction sectional view.

[0036] Figure 10c yes Figure 10 BB-directed sectional view.

[0037] Figure 11 This is a detailed drawing of the anchor chain.

[0038] Explanation of reference numerals in the attached figures: 1. Bottom crossbeam; 1-1. Main beam of bottom crossbeam; 1-2. Anchorage holes of bottom crossbeam; 2. Slope crossbeam; 2-1. Main beam of slope crossbeam; 2-2. Coping of slope crossbeam; 2-3. Lower protruding platform of slope crossbeam; 2-4. Pile limiting hole of slope crossbeam; 2-5. Anchoring hole of slope crossbeam; 3. Side bearing plate; 3-1. Side bearing plate main plate; 3-2. Side bearing plate stop block; 3-3. Side bearing plate pile limiting hole; 4. Intermediate bearing plate; 4-1. Intermediate bearing plate main plate; 4-2. Intermediate bearing plate stop block; 4-3. Intermediate bearing plate pile limiting hole; 5. Precast piles; 6. Bottom longitudinal beam; 7. Protect the bottom; 8. Slope protection; 9. Anchor chain; 9-1. Connecting chain; 9-2. Anchor block; 10. Reverse filter geotextile; 11. Silt layer. Detailed Implementation

[0039] The following specific embodiments illustrate the implementation of the present invention. Those skilled in the art can easily understand other advantages and effects of the present invention from the content disclosed in this specification.

[0040] It should be noted that, in this invention, the upper, lower, left, and right in the figure are considered to be the upper, lower, left, and right of the pile-foundation bearing flood drainage channel structure applicable to siltation soil layers as described in this specification.

[0041] Exemplary embodiments of the present invention will now be described with reference to the accompanying drawings. However, the present invention may be embodied in many different forms and is not limited to the embodiments described herein. These embodiments are provided to fully and completely disclose the invention and to fully convey its scope to those skilled in the art. The terminology used in the exemplary embodiments illustrated in the drawings is not intended to limit the invention. In the drawings, the same units / elements are referred to by the same reference numerals.

[0042] Unless otherwise stated, the terms used herein (including technical terms) have their common meaning as understood by one of ordinary skill in the art. Furthermore, it is understood that terms defined in commonly used dictionaries should be understood to have a meaning consistent with the context of their relevant field, and not to be interpreted as having an idealized or overly formal meaning.

[0043] In this application, "channel slope" refers to the sloping sides of the drainage channel, also known as the side slope.

[0044] This embodiment relates to a pile-foundation bearing flood drainage channel structure suitable for siltation soil layers. The structure is a collaborative system that transfers loads to stable strata through a deep bearing system (bearing and fixing system) and constrains the flexible revetment through a semi-rigid three-dimensional frame (the skeleton of the erosion protection system), thereby systematically solving the inherent defects of siltation soil layers such as low bearing capacity, poor erosion resistance, and easy deformation.

[0045] First, a load-bearing and fixed system is the foundation of structural stability. Please refer to [link / reference]. Figure 4 It consists of multiple precast piles 5, edge bearing plates 3, and center bearing plates 4. The precast piles 5 are the load-bearing components, driven into the stable stratum below the silt layer 11. Their function is to bypass the weak silt layer and directly transfer all the vertical load and part of the horizontal load of the drainage channel to the deep bearing stratum with sufficient bearing capacity, fundamentally eliminating the possibility of structural failure due to foundation settlement or slippage. Please refer to... Figure 1 , Figure 3 and Figure 5 Side bearing plates 3 are symmetrically arranged at the toe of the slope on both sides of the drainage channel, such as Figure 2 and Figure 4 As shown, the intermediate support plates 4 are arranged at the bottom of the drainage channel. They are all precast reinforced concrete and function as transfer components between the upper beam system and the lower pile foundation. Figure 2 , Figure 3 and Figure 4 As shown, the side bearing plate 3 and the middle bearing plate 4 are connected and fixed to the top of the precast pile 5 through the pile limiting holes on them. This design realizes the smooth transition and efficient transmission of load, and also provides an installation benchmark for the upper frame.

[0046] Secondly, the erosion protection system includes bottom crossbeams 1, slope crossbeams 2, bottom longitudinal beams 6, bottom protection 7, and slope protection 8, forming a semi-flexible protection structure that balances erosion resistance with the ability to adapt to ground deformation. Bottom crossbeams 1 are arranged in transverse sections along the drainage channel, with both ends firmly connected to the side bearing plates 3 on both sides, and the bottom supported by the middle bearing plate 4. Slope crossbeams 2 are arranged along the inclined surfaces of the drainage channel slopes on both sides, and their bottom ends are also connected to the side bearing plates 3. Bottom longitudinal beams 6 are located at the toe of the drainage channel bottom on both sides, longitudinally connecting adjacent sections of bottom crossbeams 1 and side bearing plates 3. Bottom crossbeams 1, slope crossbeams 2, and bottom longitudinal beams 6 together form a robust three-dimensional spatial frame. The function of this frame is to provide rigid constraints for the flexible protection layer, connecting it into a whole and significantly improving its resistance to water erosion, downcutting, and local scouring. Bottom protection 7 is laid on the bottom of the drainage channel, typically using a flexible gravel cushion layer; slope protection 8 is laid on the drainage channel slope, typically using a gabion mesh structure. The function of the bottom protection 7 and the slope protection 8 is to directly face the water flow, use the flexibility of their materials to consume the scouring energy, and adapt to the possible small uneven settlement of the foundation through their own slight deformation, thus avoiding the cracking problem common in rigid linings.

[0047] Finally, a reinforcement system is used to enhance the overall integrity and anti-slip stability of the structure. Anchor chains 9 connect the bottom crossbeam 1 and the upper slope crossbeam 2, providing lateral bracing for the slope bottom connection node. This design strengthens the connection between the channel slope frame and the channel bottom frame, effectively resisting lateral slippage tendencies that may be caused by earth pressure and water flow, ensuring that under complex loads, all parts of the structure can work together as a whole to resist external forces.

[0048] Therefore, this structure addresses the issue of "sinking" through a load-bearing and fixing system, the issues of "scouring" and "variation" through an erosion protection system, and the "stability" through a connecting and reinforcing system. Each component has a clearly defined function and works synergistically to form a flood drainage channel structure suitable for silt-laden soil layers, possessing high stability, strong erosion resistance, and good adaptability.

[0049] In the erosion protection system, the bottom crossbeam 1 is arranged in sections along the transverse direction of the drainage channel (i.e., perpendicular to the water flow direction). In practice, the length of each section of the bottom crossbeam 1 is designed to be 3-4 meters. For example... Figure 1As shown, a bottom crossbeam 1 is installed at regular intervals (e.g., 3-5 meters) along the axial direction of the drainage channel (i.e., in the direction of water flow). For drainage channels with greater width, the single bottom crossbeam 1 is also designed in a segmented manner in the transverse direction, that is, it is assembled on site from two separate bottom crossbeams 1. A central support plate 4 is specially installed directly below the assembly joint (i.e., the joint position). The upper surface of the central support plate 4 is provided with a central support plate stop 4-2, which is used to position and support the ends of the left and right side bottom crossbeams 1, thereby ensuring the smoothness and stability of the joint, and allowing for slight relative rotation or settlement at this position in extreme cases, thus acting as a settlement joint.

[0050] The segmented design incorporates settlement joints to accommodate deformation and facilitates factory prefabrication and on-site hoisting.

[0051] The working principle of the bottom crossbeam 1 is as follows: When there is a very slight risk of uneven settlement in the silt layer 11 at the bottom of the drainage channel, traditional long, continuous rigid bottom slabs are prone to cracking due to excessive internal stress. In this structure, the segmented bottom crossbeams 1 and their assembly joints, combined with the independent support of the bottom intermediate support plate 4, divide the long strip-shaped bottom structure into several relatively independent stress units. The intermediate support plate 4 provides a solid intermediate support for each unit, effectively reducing the mid-span bending moment and deformation of the bottom crossbeams 1. At the same time, the pre-set gaps at the assembly joints provide a controllable deformation buffer for the structure. Even if a small displacement occurs in the local foundation, the impact is limited to a single unit, and stress can be released through the slight movement of the joints, thereby preventing cracks from developing upwards to the bottom protection 7 or causing overall failure. This enhances the structure's adaptability to the inherent defect of "poor soil homogeneity" and ensures the long-term structural integrity of the drainage channel on complex and weak foundations.

[0052] This embodiment specifically defines the construction of the bottom crossbeam 1 and its function in the structure. Please refer to [link / reference]. Figure 7 The main body of the bottom crossbeam 1 is the bottom crossbeam main beam 1-1, which is a precast reinforced concrete beam and a horizontal component that bears the load of the channel bottom. Bottom crossbeam anchoring holes 1-2 are provided on the beam body of the bottom crossbeam main beam 1-1. The function of the bottom crossbeam anchoring holes 1-2 is to allow one end of the connecting reinforcement component (such as the anchor chain 9) to pass through and be fixed, thereby providing a reliable connection point for the lateral connection between the slope crossbeam 2 and the bottom crossbeam 1. This connection effectively integrates the channel slope frame and the channel bottom frame, working together to resist lateral forces and significantly improving the overall structure's anti-slip and anti-overturning stability.

[0053] During installation, the two ends of the bottom crossbeam 1-1 are vertically overlapped with the bottom longitudinal beam 6. This overlap method forms a solid node, allowing the longitudinal bottom beam 6 and the transverse bottom crossbeam 1 to support and constrain each other, thereby connecting the individual bottom crossbeams 1 into a continuous, grid-like rigid bottom planar frame.

[0054] Along the longitudinal direction of the drainage channel (in the direction of water flow), the center-to-center distance between two adjacent bottom crossbeams 1 is set to 3 to 5 meters. This spacing range ensures sufficient distribution density of the bottom support system. These regularly arranged bottom crossbeams 1, together with the longitudinal bottom beams 6 and the side bearing plates 3 on both sides, form a robust bottom erosion-resistant skeleton. This bottom erosion-resistant skeleton provides strong rigid constraints for the flexible bottom protection 7 (such as a gravel cushion layer) laid on it, firmly "locking" the loose bottom protection 7 material within the grid, greatly limiting the particle displacement under the scouring of water flow, thereby fundamentally preventing the bottom of the drainage channel from being eroded down by the water flow and ensuring the long-term stability of the channel bottom elevation.

[0055] In some embodiments, the reinforced concrete strength grade of the bottom crossbeam 1 and the slope crossbeam 2 is not lower than C30.

[0056] This embodiment specifically defines the structure of the side bearing plate 3. Please refer to [link / reference]. Figure 9 , Figure 9a , Figure 9b , Figure 9c , Figure 9d The main component of the side bearing plate 3 is the side bearing plate main board 3-1, which serves as the foundation platform for installation and force transmission. Side bearing plate stops 3-2 are installed on the side bearing plate main board 3-1. The side bearing plate stops 3-2 are structures protruding from the surface of the side bearing plate main board 3-1, and their function is to laterally limit the bottom end of the slope beam 2 and the end of the bottom longitudinal beam 6. When the slope beam 2 and the bottom longitudinal beam 6 are installed in place, their ends will be tightly abutted and constrained within the space enclosed by the side bearing plate stops 3-2. This prevents the beam from laterally sliding or misaligning due to water flow impact or soil pressure during use, ensuring the stability of the connection between the upper impact frame and the lower bearing plate. In addition, the side bearing plate main board 3-1 also has side bearing plate pile limiting holes 3-3. The side bearing plate pile limiting holes 3-3 are reserved holes with dimensions matching the cross-section of the precast pile 5, and their function is to achieve rapid and accurate positioning and connection between the side bearing plate 3 and the precast pile 5. During construction, the edge bearing plate 3 is aligned with the limiting hole 3-3 and inserted into the top of the precast pile 5 that has been driven into the stratum, thus accurately positioning the edge bearing plate 3. Final fixation is then achieved by pouring concrete or inserting pins. This design ensures the vertical and efficient transfer of load from the edge bearing plate 3 to the precast pile 5 and simplifies the on-site installation process.

[0057] In some embodiments, the edge bearing plate 3 is a precast reinforced concrete slab with a strength grade of not less than C30, a thickness of not less than 20cm, and a width of 50-100cm, used to bear the load of the slope beam 2 and the slope protection structure.

[0058] This embodiment specifically defines the structure of the intermediate support plate 4. Please refer to [link / reference]. Figure 10 , Figure 10a , Figure 10b , Figure 10c The main component of the intermediate support plate 4 is the intermediate support plate main board 4-1, which serves as a support platform for the channel bottom area. Intermediate support plate blocks 4-2 are installed on the intermediate support plate main board 4-1. Intermediate support plate blocks 4-2 are structures protruding from the surface of the intermediate support plate main board 4-1, and their function is to position and constrain the bottom crossbeam 1 erected above it. When the segmented bottom crossbeam 1 (especially at its assembly joints) is erected on the intermediate support plate 4, the intermediate support plate blocks 4-2 can restrict the lateral displacement of the bottom of the bottom crossbeam 1, preventing it from slipping under the horizontal impact force of the downstream water flow, thereby ensuring the stable support of the bottom crossbeam 1 and the smoothness of its overall alignment. In addition, intermediate support plate pile limiting holes 4-3 are also provided on the intermediate support plate main board 4-1. Intermediate support plate pile limiting holes 4-3 are reserved holes, whose function is to achieve precise alignment and rigid connection between the intermediate support plate 4 and the precast piles 5 below. By inserting the limiting hole 4-3 of the intermediate sheet pile into the top of the precast pile 5, the intermediate sheet 4 can be accurately installed at the design elevation, and the vertical load transmitted from the bottom beam 1 is directly and efficiently transferred to the precast pile 5, which serves as a deep foundation, effectively preventing adverse settlement of the channel bottom structure caused by the compression of the silt layer.

[0059] The number of intermediate support plates 4 arranged along the bottom of the channel is usually matched with the number of segments (or joints) of the bottom crossbeam 1.

[0060] In some embodiments, the central support plate 4 is a precast reinforced concrete slab with a strength grade of not less than C30, a thickness of not less than 20cm, and a width of 50-100cm, which serves as vertical support and prevents the channel structure from settling.

[0061] In some embodiments, the precast piles 5 are spaced 2 to 5 meters apart along the longitudinal direction of the drainage channel, and are driven into stable strata to a depth of not less than 1.5 meters. The cross-section of the precast piles 5 is square or circular, with a side length or diameter of not less than 250 mm.

[0062] This embodiment specifically defines the longitudinal arrangement density of the main load-bearing components in the erosion protection system. Along the longitudinal direction of the drainage channel, i.e., in the direction of water flow, the bottom crossbeams 1 are arranged with a center-to-center distance of 3 to 5 meters. That is, a bottom crossbeam 1 is installed every 3 to 5 meters across the channel bottom along the length of the drainage channel. This spacing range ensures sufficient support density for the bottom structure, effectively distributing the water flow load and the self-weight of the upper structure, preventing excessive deformation or downcutting of the channel bottom protection material 7 under erosion due to excessive span. Simultaneously, the slope crossbeams 2 are also arranged along the channel slope with a center-to-center distance of 3 to 5 meters. This arrangement divides and reinforces the channel slope surface with a series of parallel and evenly spaced slope crossbeams 2. This spacing design provides sufficient and uniform longitudinal constraint to the flexible slope protection 8, dividing it into several easily manageable units, effectively suppressing overall slippage and local bulging of the slope protection 8; it also ensures the normal functioning of functions such as slope drainage, avoiding the impact on construction efficiency due to excessive beam density.

[0063] This embodiment specifically defines the detailed structure of the slope beam 2. For example... Figure 8 As shown, the main body of the slope crossbeam 2 is the main beam 2-1, which is a precast reinforced concrete beam. At the top of the main beam 2-1, a capping 2-2 is installed. The capping 2-2 is a widened or thickened section at the top of the beam, its function being to increase the contact area and compressive force with the upper slope protection 8 (such as gabion mesh), thereby more firmly fixing the top edge of the slope protection 8 and preventing it from sliding down under water erosion or its own weight, ensuring the overall integrity of the slope protection 8.

[0064] In addition, two functional holes are provided on the main beam 2-1 of the slope crossbeam. The first is the slope crossbeam pile positioning hole 2-4, which is used to precisely position and fix the pile head when the slope crossbeam 2 needs to be directly connected to the precast pile 5 located at the slope toe. This allows part of the slope load to be directly transferred to the deep pile foundation, enhancing the deep anti-sliding stability of the slope. The second is the slope crossbeam anchoring hole 2-5, which is used to pass through or connect one end of the anchoring chain 9. By connecting with the corresponding anchoring hole on the bottom crossbeam 1, the slope frame and the channel bottom frame are laterally connected to form a whole, jointly resisting lateral earth pressure and water flow thrust, improving the overall spatial stiffness and overturning resistance of the drainage channel structure.

[0065] On the lower surface of the main beam 2-1 of the sloping crossbeam, a convex platform 2-3 of the sloping crossbeam is also provided (see...). Figure 8The protruding platform 2-3 under the slope beam is a wedge-shaped structure extending downwards or protruding from the bottom of the beam. Its function is to increase the actual contact area with the underlying support surface (such as leveled slope soil, cushion layer, or edge bearing plate 3) when the slope beam 2 is installed on the channel slope. This not only improves the initial stability of the slope beam 2 during installation, preventing it from sliding along the slope, but also more effectively transfers some of the downward force on the beam to the lower foundation by increasing the friction and interlocking effect of the contact surface. Furthermore, the platform provides convenient space for possible secondary leveling or partial pouring, ensuring a tight fit between the slope beam 2 and the underlying support.

[0066] The design of the protruding platform 2-3 under the slope beam enhances the mechanical interlocking and load transfer efficiency between the slope beam 2 and the channel slope. During operation, the impact force of the water flow on the slope protection 8 is partially converted into thrust and bending moment on the slope beam 2. The protruding platform 2-3, through its enlarged bottom surface, distributes these forces more evenly and directly to a larger area of ​​the slope or edge bearing plate 3, thereby reducing local compressive stress, avoiding local shear failure of the beam bottom on the weak slope surface, and improving the durability and overall stability of the entire slope protection system under long-term dynamic loads.

[0067] This embodiment specifically defines the structure, arrangement, and function of the bottom longitudinal beam 6. The bottom longitudinal beam 6 is arranged longitudinally along the drainage channel at the toe of the slope on both sides of the channel bottom, and its two ends are firmly connected to the ends of each section of the bottom crossbeam 1 and the side bearing plate 3, respectively. The bottom longitudinal beam 6 is made of reinforced concrete with a concrete strength grade of not less than C30. This indicator ensures that the beam itself has sufficient compressive, bending, and shear strength, and can reliably transfer and bear the loads from adjacent structures.

[0068] The bottom longitudinal beam 6 is designed with a right-angled trapezoidal cross-section, with a base width of not less than 30cm, a height of not less than 20cm, and a top width of not less than 20cm. This cross-sectional shape allows it to fit snugly against the slope toe area formed by the transition between the channel bottom and the channel slope, ensuring good contact and force transmission with both the bottom and sides. The larger base width provides a stable foundation, while the sufficient cross-sectional height guarantees its bending stiffness and load-bearing capacity as a longitudinal load-bearing member.

[0069] In the structure, the bottom longitudinal beam 6 functions as a longitudinal connecting member. It connects the horizontally distributed bottom crossbeams 1 longitudinally into a whole, and rigidly connects them to the side bearing plates 3 on both sides, which serve as vertical load-bearing members. This enhances the spatial integrity and collaborative working ability of the entire bottom frame, effectively constraining the possible independent displacement of each component. Simultaneously, the ridge line formed at the top of the bottom longitudinal beam 6 (see...) Figure 5It also provides a solid and continuous bottom support and reliance for the slope protection 8 (gabion mesh box) laid on it, preventing the slope toe of the slope protection 8 from sliding or collapsing due to suspension or insufficient support, and ensuring the stability of the slope toe of the flexible slope protection 8.

[0070] Please combine Figure 5 and Figure 6 This embodiment specifically defines a flexible protective layer in the erosion protection system that directly resists water flow scouring. The bottom protection layer 7 uses a flexible gravel cushion layer, which is directly laid within the bottom frame formed by the bottom crossbeam 1 and the bottom longitudinal beam 6, serving as the first line of defense against water flow scouring and abrasion at the bottom of the channel. The gravel material utilizes the interlocking and frictional forces between particles to form a stable structure. Its flexible nature allows it to adapt to minor uneven settlement that may occur at the bottom without generating structural cracks. At the same time, its rough surface can effectively dissipate water flow energy, reduce flow velocity, and prevent the soil at the bottom of the channel from being directly scoured out.

[0071] In some embodiments, the bottom protection 7 adopts a flexible gravel cushion layer with a particle size range of 5 to 20 mm and a cushion layer thickness of not less than 20 cm. Medium and coarse sand is filled between the gravel to level the surface. The flexible deformation capacity of the gravel is used to adapt to the settlement of the silt layer, and the interlocking effect between the particles is used to improve the erosion velocity.

[0072] Slope protection 8 employs a gabion mesh structure, its function being to lay and fix it on the canal slope surface, forming a protective layer against slope erosion and wave erosion. The gabion mesh is assembled from corrosion-resistant metal wire mesh cages, filled with boulders or pebbles. This structure combines integrity and permeability: the rigid boulders or pebbles directly bear and disperse the impact force of the water flow; the metal mesh cages constrain the dispersed stones into a strong, flexible slab, preventing them from being washed away piece by piece by the water flow; simultaneously, the good permeability of the structure can promptly dissipate the seepage water pressure within the slope, preventing slope instability caused by increased water pressure. Its flexibility also allows slope protection 8 to adjust accordingly to slight slope deformation without losing its protective function. The bottom protection 7 and slope protection 8 together constitute a flexible erosion-resistant surface layer that works in conjunction with the rigid frame below, achieving a combined rigid and flexible protective effect.

[0073] In some embodiments, the gabion mesh of the slope protection 8 is made of hot-dip galvanized low-carbon steel wire with a mesh size of 5cm×10cm. The gabion is filled with boulders or pebbles with a particle size of 10-20cm, and the spaces between the boulders are filled with crushed stone to level the surface, forming a flexible slope protection.

[0074] This embodiment specifically defines the connection structure between the bottom crossbeam 1 and the anchor chain 9, as well as the composition of the anchor chain 9. On the bottom crossbeam 1, as... Figure 7As shown, a bottom crossbeam anchoring hole 1-2 is specially provided. The function of this hole is to serve as a fixed connection point for one end of the anchoring chain 9. When the connecting chain 9-1 of the anchoring chain 9 is inserted into or hooked onto the bottom crossbeam anchoring hole 1-2, a reliable mechanical connection is established between the bottom crossbeam 1 and the anchoring chain 9, so that the subsequently applied tension force can be effectively transmitted to the bottom crossbeam 1.

[0075] Please see Figure 11 The anchoring chain 9 consists of two parts: a connecting chain 9-1 and an anchoring block 9-2. The connecting chain 9-1 is a flexible or rigid connector that transmits tensile force, establishing a force transmission path between the bottom crossbeam 1 and the slope crossbeam 2. The anchoring block 9-2, fixed to the end of the connecting chain 9-1, provides the final anchoring force. The anchoring block 9-2 is typically a concrete block or steel component with a certain volume and weight. By embedding it in backfill, pouring it into concrete, or connecting it to other stable structures, it uses its own weight, frictional resistance with the surrounding medium, or bonding force to balance the tensile force transmitted by the connecting chain 9-1, thereby preventing the connection point from being pulled out. This ensures that the anchoring chain 9 can persistently and stably perform its lateral tensioning function, enhancing the overall stability of the drainage channel structure.

[0076] In some embodiments, the anchor block 9-2 is made of reinforced concrete or welded with square steel plates to avoid local failure and enhance the overall anti-slip capability of the channel.

[0077] This embodiment specifically discloses a construction method for building the aforementioned flood drainage channel structure, which achieves coordinated construction of "deep pile foundation bearing, central frame construction, and surface flexible protection" through orderly steps.

[0078] Step 100: First, clean up the construction site and measure and lay out the lines on the leveled silt layer 11 to mark the design and installation positions of each precast pile 5, each side bearing plate 3, and each middle bearing plate 4, so as to lay a precise spatial reference for the subsequent installation of components.

[0079] Step 200: Based on the layout marks, use piling equipment to vertically drive the precast piles 5 into the foundation until their lower ends are anchored in the stable stratum below the silt layer 11, ensuring that their depth meets the bearing capacity requirements. Then, at the top of the precast piles 5, precisely align and fix them with the reserved pile heads and the edge bearing plate pile limiting holes 3-3 on the edge bearing plate 3 and the middle bearing plate pile limiting holes 4-3 on the middle bearing plate 4, completing the construction of the connection node for transferring the upper load to the deep pile foundation.

[0080] Step 300: The bottom crossbeams 1 are hoisted in sections along the transverse channel, with both ends resting and fixed to the side bearing plates 3 on both sides, while ensuring that their bottoms are stably supported by the middle bearing plate 4 in the preset positions. The bottom longitudinal beams 6 are installed, connecting them to the ends of the adjacent bottom crossbeams 1 and the side bearing plates 3 to form a longitudinal connection. The slope crossbeams 2 are installed along the sloping surfaces of both sides of the channel, with their bottom ends firmly connected to the side bearing plates 3, thus forming a spatial rigid framework together with the bottom beam system.

[0081] Step 400: Install anchor chain 9. Connect one end of its connecting chain 9-1 to the bottom crossbeam anchor hole 1-2 on the bottom crossbeam 1, and the other end to the slope crossbeam anchor hole 2-5 on the slope crossbeam 2. Finally, anchor it through anchor block 9-2. This step connects the slope frame and the channel bottom frame into a whole, enhancing the spatial rigidity and anti-slip stability of the structure.

[0082] Step 500: Lay a layer of geotextile 10 on the bottom and both sides of the drainage channel. Spread and compact the geotextile 10 on the bottom of the channel to form a flexible gravel cushion layer for the bottom protection 7. On the geotextile 10 on the slope, assemble and place gabion cages, and fill the cages with boulders or pebbles to form the slope protection 8. At the same time, tie and fix the cages to the slope crossbeams 2 and the side bearing plates 3 to ensure the stability of the slope protection 8.

[0083] Finally, check the connection quality of each component, the laying of the protective layer, and the reinforcement effect of the anchor chain 9. Reinforce any loose parts and repair any uneven areas on the surface to ensure that the flood discharge channel structure meets the design requirements.

[0084] This invention systematically solves the problems of deep settlement, overall slippage, and water erosion that exist when traditional flood drainage channels are applied to soft silty soil layers. First, the load-bearing and fixing system composed of "precast piles + bearing plates" transfers all the load to the deep stable strata, fundamentally eliminating settlement deformation caused by insufficient foundation bearing capacity. Second, the semi-rigid spatial frame formed by "bottom crossbeams, slope crossbeams, and bottom longitudinal beams" provides overall constraint for the flexible protective layer, significantly improving its erosion resistance. Finally, the flexible erosion protection system of "gravel bottom protection + gabion mesh slope protection" and the connection and reinforcement system composed of "anchor chains" ensure erosion resistance, adapt to minor deformations of the foundation, and enhance overall stability.

[0085] Those skilled in the art will understand that the above embodiments are specific examples of implementing the present invention, and in practical applications, various changes in form and detail may be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A pile-foundation bearing flood drainage channel structure suitable for silt-laden soil layers, characterized in that, include: The load-bearing and fixing system includes multiple precast piles (5) driven into the stable stratum below the silt layer (11), side bearing plates (3) symmetrically arranged on both sides of the slope toe of the flood discharge channel, and a middle bearing plate (4) arranged at the bottom of the flood discharge channel; the side bearing plates (3) and the middle bearing plate (4) are fixedly connected to the top of the precast piles (5) through pile limiting holes provided thereon; The erosion protection system includes bottom crossbeams (1) arranged in transverse sections along the drainage channel, slope crossbeams (2) arranged along the inclined direction of the drainage channel slopes on both sides, bottom longitudinal beams (6) set at the toe of the slopes on both sides of the drainage channel, bottom protection (7) laid at the bottom of the drainage channel, and slope protection (8) laid on the slopes on both sides of the drainage channel; the two ends of the bottom crossbeams (1) are connected to the side bearing plates (3) on both sides, and their bottom is supported by the middle bearing plate (4); the bottom end of the slope crossbeams (2) is connected to the side bearing plates (3); the bottom longitudinal beams (6) connect the adjacent bottom crossbeams (1) and the side bearing plates (3) of each section. The connection and reinforcement system includes an anchor chain (9) connecting the bottom crossbeam (1) and the slope crossbeam (2).

2. The pile-foundation bearing flood drainage channel structure suitable for silt-laden soil layers according to claim 1, characterized in that, The side bearing plate (3) includes: Side bearing plate main board (3-1), the side bearing plate main board (3-1) is provided with side bearing plate stop block (3-2) for limiting the slope cross beam (2) and the bottom longitudinal beam (6), and side bearing plate pile limiting hole (3-3) for connecting with the precast pile (5).

3. The pile-foundation bearing flood drainage channel structure suitable for silt-laden soil layers according to claim 1, characterized in that, The intermediate support plate (4) includes: The main plate of the intermediate plate (4-1) is provided with an intermediate plate stop (4-2) for assisting in fixing the bottom crossbeam (1) and an intermediate plate pile limiting hole (4-3) for connecting with the precast pile (5).

4. The pile-foundation bearing flood drainage channel structure suitable for silt-laden soil layers according to claim 1, characterized in that, The bottom protection (7) is a flexible gravel cushion layer; The slope protection (8) is a gabion mesh structure filled with boulders or pebbles.

5. The pile-foundation bearing flood drainage channel structure suitable for silt-laden soil layers according to claim 1, characterized in that, The slope beam (2) includes: The main beam of the slope crossbeam (2-1) has a slope crossbeam capping (2-2) on the top and a slope crossbeam protruding platform (2-3) on the lower surface. The platform has a slope crossbeam pile limiting hole (2-4) for connecting with the precast pile (5) and a slope crossbeam anchoring hole (2-5) for connecting with the anchoring chain (9).

6. The pile-foundation bearing flood drainage channel structure suitable for silt-laden soil layers according to claim 1 or 5, characterized in that, The bottom crossbeam (1) is provided with bottom crossbeam anchor holes (1-2) for connecting the anchor chain (9).

7. The pile-foundation bearing flood drainage channel structure suitable for silt-laden soil layers according to claim 1, characterized in that, The anchoring chain (9) includes a connecting chain (9-1) and an anchoring block (9-2) fixed to the end of the connecting chain (9-1).

8. The pile-foundation bearing flood drainage channel structure suitable for silt-laden soil layers according to claim 1, characterized in that, The precast piles (5) are spaced 2 to 5 meters apart along the longitudinal direction of the drainage channel, and are driven into the stable stratum to a depth of not less than 1.5 meters.

9. The pile-foundation bearing flood drainage channel structure suitable for silt-laden soil layers according to claim 1, characterized in that, Along the longitudinal direction of the drainage channel, the center distance of the bottom crossbeam (1) is 3m to 5m, and the center distance of the slope crossbeam (2) is 3m to 5m.

10. A construction method for a pile-foundation bearing flood drainage channel suitable for silt-laden soil layers, used to construct a pile-foundation bearing flood drainage channel structure suitable for silt-laden soil layers as described in any one of claims 1-9, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: The site was cleared and lines were laid out on the surface of the silt layer (11) to mark the installation positions of the precast pile (5), the side bearing plate (3), and the middle bearing plate (4); The precast pile (5) is driven into the marked position, and the side bearing plate (3) and the middle bearing plate (4) are installed on the top of the precast pile (5). The bottom crossbeams (1) are installed in sections, with both ends connected to the side bearing plates (3), and the bottom supported by the middle bearing plate (4); the bottom longitudinal beams (6) are installed to connect the adjacent bottom crossbeams (1) and the side bearing plates (3); the slope crossbeams (2) are installed along both sides of the flood discharge channel, with their bottom ends connected to the side bearing plates (3); Install anchor chains (9) to connect and reinforce the bottom crossbeam (1) and the slope crossbeam (2); Reverse filter geotextile (10) is laid at the bottom of the flood discharge channel and on both sides of the channel slope. A bottom protection (7) is laid on the surface of the reverse filter geotextile (10) at the bottom of the flood discharge channel. A slope protection (8) is laid and fixed on the surface of the reverse filter geotextile (10) on both sides of the channel slope.

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