An electric response biomimetic flow guiding composite material as well as a preparation method and application thereof, and a sludge treatment method

Abstract

The application provides an electric response biomimetic flow guide composite material and a preparation method and application thereof, and a sludge treatment method, and belongs to the technical field of solid waste treatment and water environment treatment. The electric response biomimetic flow guide composite material comprises a porous biomimetic matrix and a polypyrrole conductive layer covering the surface and the pore channel of the porous biomimetic matrix; and a metal adsorption layer loaded on the surface of the polypyrrole conductive layer or the porous biomimetic matrix; and the porous biomimetic matrix has a through capillary channel in the longitudinal direction. The polypyrrole conductive layer and the metal adsorption layer are constructed on the surface and the pore channel of the porous biomimetic matrix, under the action of an external electric field, the synergistic effect of capillary action, electroosmosis and electromigration is realized, the water in the sludge is migrated along the flow guide direction, and the pollutants such as heavy metals are enriched in a specific area, so that the spatial separation of water and pollutants is realized.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of solid waste treatment and water environment management technology, specifically relating to an electroresponsive biomimetic flow-conducting composite material and its preparation method and application, as well as a sludge treatment method. Background Technology

[0002] Sludge, a major byproduct of wastewater treatment, is continuously increasing in quantity with urbanization and the expansion of wastewater treatment scale. Sludge typically has high water content (generally above 80%), complex structure, and contains large amounts of heavy metals, organic pollutants, and pathogenic microorganisms. Therefore, the reduction, harmless treatment, and resource recovery of sludge have always been crucial issues that urgently need to be addressed in the field of environmental engineering.

[0003] Currently, sludge treatment technologies mainly include mechanical dewatering, thermal drying, incineration, and anaerobic digestion. While mechanical dewatering is simple to operate, its dewatering effect is limited, making it difficult to significantly reduce sludge moisture content. Thermal drying can achieve deep dewatering, but it suffers from high energy consumption, high operating costs, and high carbon emissions. Incineration can achieve complete volume reduction, but its equipment investment and operating costs are high, and it is prone to secondary pollution. Anaerobic digestion can achieve resource recovery, but its treatment cycle is long and it is highly dependent on the properties of the sludge. Therefore, all of the above methods have certain limitations in practical applications.

[0004] In recent years, electroosmotic dewatering technology driven by electric fields has gradually attracted attention. This technology achieves dewatering by applying an external electric field, causing water in the sludge to migrate under electroosmotic action. However, existing electroosmotic dewatering technologies mainly rely on electric field-driven liquid migration, and the process lacks effective control over the migration behavior of pollutants. As a result, the distribution of pollutants such as heavy metals in the sludge system remains relatively uniform, making it difficult to achieve targeted enrichment and separation of pollutants, leading to low treatment efficiency. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of this invention is to provide an electroresponsive biomimetic flow-conducting composite material, its preparation method and application, and a sludge treatment method to achieve the directional migration and separation of water and pollutants in sludge.

[0006] To achieve the objectives of this invention, the following technical solutions are provided: An electroresponsive biomimetic conductive composite material includes a porous biomimetic matrix and a polypyrrole conductive layer covering the surface and pores of the porous biomimetic matrix; and a metal adsorption layer loaded on the polypyrrole conductive layer or the surface of the porous biomimetic matrix. The porous biomimetic matrix has through capillary channels along its longitudinal orientation; The metal adsorption layer is one or more of metal oxides, metal hydroxy oxides, and layered metal hydroxides; the metal is selected from one or more of iron, magnesium, aluminum, and copper.

[0007] Preferably, the porous biomimetic matrix has a porosity of 40-90% and a pore size of 10-500 μm.

[0008] Preferably, the porous biomimetic matrix is ​​wood.

[0009] Preferably, the metal oxide is selected from one or more of iron oxide, aluminum oxide, magnesium oxide, and copper oxide; The metal hydroxy oxide is iron hydroxy oxide.

[0010] Preferably, the layered metal hydroxide is one or more of MgAl-LDH, FeAl-LDH, MgFeAl-LDH, CuAl-LDH, CuMgAl-LDH, and CuFeAl-LDH.

[0011] This invention also provides a method for preparing the electroresponsive biomimetic conductive composite material described in the above technical solution, comprising the following steps: The precursor was obtained by constructing a polypyrrole conductive layer on the surface and within the pores of a porous biomimetic matrix through in-situ polymerization. By loading a metal adsorption layer onto the surface of the precursor, the electroresponsive biomimetic conductive composite material is obtained.

[0012] Preferably, the porous biomimetic matrix is ​​further subjected to a lignin removal treatment before constructing the polypyrrole conductive layer; The lignin removal treatment is performed at a temperature of 80~100℃ for 8~12 hours.

[0013] The present invention also provides the application of the electroresponsive biomimetic conductive composite material or the preparation method described in the above technical solution in sludge treatment.

[0014] The present invention also provides a sludge treatment method, characterized by comprising the following steps: The electroresponsive biomimetic flow-conducting composite material prepared by the above technical solution or the preparation method described in the above technical solution is inserted into sludge, and an electric field is applied. Moisture and pollutants migrate directionally along the longitudinal orientation of the through capillary channels of the electroresponsive biomimetic flow-conducting composite material.

[0015] Preferably, the voltage of the electric field is 1~30 V.

[0016] This invention provides an electroresponsive biomimetic flow-conducting composite material, comprising a porous biomimetic matrix and a polypyrrole conductive layer covering the surface and pores of the porous biomimetic matrix; and a metal adsorption layer loaded on the polypyrrole conductive layer or the surface of the porous biomimetic matrix; the porous biomimetic matrix has through capillary channels along its longitudinal orientation; the metal adsorption layer is one or more of metal oxides, metal hydroxy oxides, and layered metal hydroxides; the metal is selected from one or more of iron, magnesium, aluminum, and copper. 1) This invention constructs a polypyrrole conductive layer and a metal adsorption layer on the surface and within the pores of a porous biomimetic matrix. Under the action of an applied electric field, it achieves the synergistic effect of capillary action, electroosmosis, and electromigration, causing water in the sludge to migrate along the flow direction, while pollutants such as heavy metals accumulate in specific areas, thereby achieving spatial separation of water and pollutants.

[0017] 2) Furthermore, the porous biomimetic matrix of this invention has through-capillary channels, which utilize the porous biomimetic structure to provide continuous flow channels, and enhance the electric field response capability through a polypyrrole conductive layer, enabling water to migrate rapidly under the combined action of capillary force and electric field drive, thereby improving dehydration efficiency. Compared with traditional thermal drying technology, this invention does not require high-temperature heating, and can achieve effective dehydration only by relying on low voltage (1~30V), significantly reducing energy consumption and operating costs, while reducing carbon emissions, and has good environmental benefits.

[0018] 3) This invention loads a metal oxide or layered composite metal oxide adsorption layer onto a conductive layer. The metal hydroxyl or oxygen functional groups on the surface of the adsorption layer can coordinate with heavy metal ions, forming a surface complex structure, thereby effectively capturing heavy metal ions in sludge. For example, the FeOOH system forms ≡Fe–O–M n+ (M represents Fe, Cu, etc.) Under the action of an electric field, pollutants migrate to the surface of the material and are fixed by the adsorption layer, realizing a migration-capture synergistic process, which is significantly better than the traditional adsorption process that relies solely on passive diffusion, thus improving the pollutant removal efficiency and stability.

[0019] 4) This invention integrates a capillary flow structure, a conductive response layer, and a pollutant adsorption layer into a porous biomimetic matrix, achieving multi-functional synergy of water migration, electric field response, and pollutant capture. Compared with existing multi-step processes that require separate dehydration and pollutant treatment, this invention can simultaneously complete dehydration and pollutant control in the same process, simplifying the process flow, improving processing efficiency, and reducing equipment complexity.

[0020] The material described in this invention is widely available, the preparation method is simple, the required equipment conditions are mild, and it is easy to prepare on a large scale. Furthermore, this material can be integrated with an electric field system to construct a continuous processing device, making it suitable for practical engineering applications and showing promising prospects for widespread adoption. Attached Figure Description

[0021] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the drawings used in the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0022] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the electroresponsive biomimetic conductive composite material of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the electric field-capillary synergistic drive sludge treatment system of the present invention; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the working principle of the electric field-capillary synergistic drive for sludge treatment in this invention. Figure 4 The effect of electro-responsive flow-conducting composite material on sludge dewatering and heavy metal removal efficiency. Detailed Implementation

[0023] The present invention provides an electroresponsive biomimetic conductive composite material, comprising a porous biomimetic matrix and a polypyrrole conductive layer covering the surface and pores of the porous biomimetic matrix; and a metal adsorption layer loaded on the polypyrrole conductive layer or the surface of the porous biomimetic matrix; The porous biomimetic matrix has through capillary channels along its longitudinal orientation; The metal adsorption layer is one or more of metal oxides, metal hydroxy oxides, and layered metal hydroxides; the metal is selected from one or more of iron, magnesium, aluminum, and copper.

[0024] In this invention, the porous biomimetic matrix is ​​wood; this invention does not have a special limitation on the type of wood, but in specific embodiments it can be balsa wood, poplar, etc.

[0025] In this invention, the porous biomimetic matrix has a longitudinally continuous capillary channel structure; the porosity of the porous biomimetic matrix is ​​40-90%, and in a specific embodiment it can be 60, 70 or 85%; the pore size is 10-500 μm, and in a specific embodiment it can be 50, 100, 230 or 300 μm.

[0026] In this invention, the thickness of the polypyrrole conductive layer is 50nm~5μm, and in specific embodiments it can be 100nm, 500nm, 1μm, 2μm or 3μm.

[0027] In this invention, the metal oxide is selected from one or more of iron oxide, aluminum oxide, magnesium oxide and copper oxide, and in a specific embodiment it can be iron oxide; the metal hydroxy oxide is selected from iron hydroxy oxide.

[0028] In this invention, the layered metal hydroxide is one or more of MgAl-LDH, FeAl-LDH, MgFeAl-LDH, CuAl-LDH, CuMgAl-LDH, and CuFeAl-LDH.

[0029] This invention also provides a method for preparing the electroresponsive biomimetic conductive composite material described in the above technical solution, comprising the following steps: The precursor was obtained by constructing a polypyrrole conductive layer on the surface and within the pores of a porous biomimetic matrix through in-situ polymerization. By loading a metal adsorption layer onto the surface of the precursor, the electroresponsive biomimetic conductive composite material is obtained.

[0030] In this invention, unless otherwise specified, all raw materials used in the preparation are commercially available products well known to those skilled in the art.

[0031] In this invention, the porous biomimetic matrix is ​​subjected to lignin removal treatment before constructing the polypyrrole conductive layer; the solution used for lignin removal treatment is a mixed solution of sodium chlorite and acetic acid with a pH value of 4-5; the temperature of lignin removal treatment is 80-100℃ and the time is 8-12h.

[0032] In this invention, the specific steps for constructing the polypyrrole conductive layer are as follows: A porous biomimetic matrix is ​​immersed in a pyrrole monomer solution and subjected to oxidative polymerization under oxidant conditions to construct a polypyrrole conductive layer on the surface of the porous biomimetic matrix. The oxidant is persulfate, specifically ammonium persulfate. The concentration of the pyrrole monomer solution is 0.1~1.0 mol / L. The concentration of the persulfate is 0.1~1.0 mol / L. The oxidative polymerization temperature is 25~40℃ and the time is 10~30 min. After the oxidative polymerization, the resulting product is washed and dried. The washing is water washing. The drying temperature is 60~80℃ and the time is 8~12 h.

[0033] In this invention, the specific steps for loading a metal adsorption layer on the surface of the precursor are as follows: The precursor is immersed in a soluble metal salt solution, and a metal adsorption layer is loaded on the surface of the precursor; the soluble metal salt can be one or more of metal nitrates, sulfates, hydrochlorides and acetates, with a concentration of 0.01~0.3 mol / L, and in specific embodiments it can be 0.05, 0.08, 0.1 or 0.15 mol / L.

[0034] In this invention, when the metal adsorption layer is a hydroxyl oxide, the steps are as follows: The precursor is immersed in a soluble metal salt solution, and a metal adsorption layer is loaded onto the surface of the precursor under alkaline conditions; the alkaline reagent is a sodium hydroxide or potassium hydroxide solution with a concentration of 0.1~0.3 mol / L; the temperature for loading the metal adsorption layer is 25~40℃, and the time is 10~30 min.

[0035] In this invention, when the metal adsorption layer is a layered metal hydroxide, the steps are as follows: The precursor is immersed in a soluble metal salt solution, the pH value is adjusted to ≥10, and hydrothermal treatment is performed to load a metal adsorption layer on the surface of the precursor; the soluble metal salt is a soluble salt of at least two different metals, and in a specific embodiment it can be magnesium nitrate and aluminum nitrate, the molar ratio of magnesium nitrate to aluminum nitrate is 1~3:1; the temperature of the hydrothermal treatment is 60~120℃, and in a specific embodiment it can be 70 or 80℃.

[0036] The metal adsorption layer supported by the present invention further includes washing and drying the obtained product; the washing is water washing; the drying temperature is 60~80℃ and the time is 8~12h.

[0037] The present invention also provides the application of the electroresponsive biomimetic conductive composite material or the preparation method described in the above technical solution in sludge treatment.

[0038] The present invention also provides a sludge treatment method, comprising the following steps: The electroresponsive biomimetic flow-guiding composite material prepared by the above technical solution or the preparation method described in the above technical solution is inserted into the sludge, and an electric field is applied to cause water and pollutants to migrate directionally along the direction of the electroresponsive biomimetic flow-guiding composite material.

[0039] The present invention does not have a special limitation on the source of sludge, but in specific embodiments it can be municipal sludge; the moisture content of the sludge can be 70-90%, and in specific embodiments it can be 75, 78, 80, 85 or 88%.

[0040] In this invention, there is no special limitation on the insertion depth of the electroresponsive biomimetic flow-guiding composite material into the sludge. In a specific embodiment, the insertion depth can be 2 cm and the exposure height can be 8 cm. An upper electrode is set above the electroresponsive biomimetic flow-guiding composite material and a lower electrode is set at the bottom of the sludge, which are connected to a DC power supply through wires. The voltage of the electric field is 1~30 V, and in a specific embodiment, it can be 3, 5, 7, 10, 12, 15, 18, 20, 25 or 28 V.

[0041] To further illustrate the present invention, the following detailed description, in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments, describes the electroresponsive biomimetic conductive composite material, its preparation method, its application, and the sludge treatment method provided by the present invention. However, these descriptions should not be construed as limiting the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0042] Example 1 1) Balsa wood was cut into pieces measuring 10 cm × 2 cm × 2 cm and treated in a lignin-removing solution. The mixture was placed in a solution of sodium chlorite and acetic acid, and the pH of the solution was adjusted to 4.5. The mixture was reacted at 90°C for 10 hours to remove the lignin from the balsa wood. After treatment, the mixture was repeatedly washed with deionized water until neutral to obtain a porous biomimetic matrix (denoted as HW) with a through-pore structure. 2) The above-mentioned HW was immersed in a 0.1 mol / L pyrrole monomer solution and allowed to stand at room temperature for 30 min to allow the pyrrole monomer to fully penetrate its internal channels; then, the immersed HW was placed in a 0.1 mol / L ammonium persulfate solution and subjected to in-situ polymerization at room temperature for 10 min; after the reaction was completed, it was washed with deionized water to remove unreacted pyrrole monomer and byproducts, and dried at 60℃ for 12 h to obtain the polypyrrole-supported composite material (denoted as PPy / HW). 3) Immerse the above PPy / HW in a solution containing Fe 3+ The iron ions were fully adsorbed in a 0.05 mol / L solution for 30 min; subsequently, the solution was transferred to a 0.1 mol / L NaOH solution and reacted for 20 min to allow the Fe... 3+ FeOOH was precipitated in situ on the PPy / HW surface. After the reaction was complete, the surface was washed with deionized water until neutral and dried at 60℃ for 12 h to obtain an electroresponsive biomimetic conductive composite material, denoted as FeOOH / PPy / HW. Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of FeOOH / PPy / HW.

[0043] Example 2 Steps 1) and 2) are the same as in Example 1; 3) The above PPy / HW was immersed in a mixed solution of 0.03 mol / L magnesium nitrate and 0.01 mol / L aluminum nitrate for 30 min to allow for full adsorption; then, it was transferred to a NaOH solution (0.1 mol / L) to maintain a pH value ≥10 and reacted at 70℃ for 20 min; after the reaction was completed, it was washed with deionized water until neutral and dried at 60℃ for 12 h to obtain an electroresponsive biomimetic conductive composite material, denoted as MgAl-LDH / PPy / HW.

[0044] Example 3 Steps 1) and 2) are the same as in Example 1; 3) Immerse the above PPy / HW in a 0.01 mol / L aluminum nitrate solution for 30 min, so that Al 3+ The material is fully adsorbed onto the surface and within the pores of the material; subsequently, it is transferred to a 0.1 mol / L NaOH solution and reacted at 70℃ for 20 min. The pH of the reaction is adjusted to 10-11 using sodium hydroxide to allow Al to fully adsorb onto the material surface and within the pores. 3+ In-situ hydrolysis precipitation occurs, forming aluminum hydroxide, hydrated alumina and / or an alumina precursor layer; after the reaction is complete, it is washed with deionized water until neutral and dried at 60℃ for 12 h to obtain an electroresponsive biomimetic conductive composite material with an alumina-like adsorption layer, denoted as Al2O3 / PPy / HW.

[0045] Comparative Example 1 The electroresponsive biomimetic conductive composite material was prepared according to the method described in Example 1, except that step 2) pyrrole monomer soaking treatment was not performed, and the conductive composite material was obtained, denoted as FeOOH / HW.

[0046] Comparative Example 2 The electroresponsive biomimetic conductive composite material was prepared according to the method described in Example 1, except that step 3) adsorption layer was not performed, and the conductive composite material was obtained, denoted as PPy / HW.

[0047] Test Example 1 Sludge from a municipal wastewater treatment plant, with an initial moisture content of approximately 90%, was taken and evenly spread in a container to a thickness of approximately 5 cm; according to... Figure 2 The apparatus diagram shows that the FeOOH / PPy / HW prepared in Example 1 is vertically inserted into the sludge to a depth of 2 cm and an exposure height of 8 cm. An upper electrode is placed above the FeOOH / PPy / HW, and a lower electrode is placed at the bottom of the sludge. The electrodes are connected to a DC power supply via wires. A DC voltage of 10 V is applied, and the treatment time is 24 h. Test Example 2 The test was conducted according to Example 1, except that different voltage conditions were set (see Table 1) to examine the effect of applied voltage on the electro-responsive biomimetic flow-conducting composite material in sludge dewatering and pollutant migration processes.

[0048] The material used was the FeOOH / PPy / HW composite material prepared in Example 1; the sludge source and treatment method were the same as in Example 1; the treatment time was uniformly 24 h. Table 1 Settings under different voltage conditions

[0049] Dehydration effect and changes in heavy metal migration, as follows Figure 4 As shown, by Figure 4The results show that the porous biomimetic matrix used in this invention has a continuous longitudinal pore structure, which is derived from the flow channels of natural wood. After lignin removal treatment, the hydrophilicity of the matrix surface is significantly enhanced, thereby forming continuous capillary channels inside the material.

[0050] After the electroresponsive biomimetic flow-guiding composite material is inserted into sludge, even under low voltage conditions, continuous upward water migration still occurs within the material, indicating that capillary action plays a fundamental driving role in water transport. The porous biomimetic matrix retains continuous, interconnected flow channels, providing a stable path for water migration in the sludge. In the initial stages of treatment, the sludge has a high water content and relatively strong fluidity, allowing water to enter the material and migrate along the channels under the influence of capillary action and an applied electric field. As the treatment progresses, the sludge water content gradually decreases, the fluidity of the sludge system deteriorates, and the viscosity increases. Conventional flow-guiding or evaporation materials are prone to mass transfer obstruction due to sludge particle adhesion and blockage. However, the material of this invention has a continuous biomimetic macroporous structure with a short and continuous flow path, maintaining effective water transport even as the sludge gradually thickens, preventing complete blockage and ensuring the continuous operation of the treatment process.

[0051] This invention constructs a polypyrrole conductive polymer layer on the surface of a porous matrix. As the voltage increases from 1V to 10V and above, the water migration rate significantly increases, indicating that the electric field has a significant promoting effect on water transport. Test results show that the FeOOH / PPy / HW composite material obtained in Example 1 reduced the sludge moisture content to 28% after treatment, significantly better than the PPy / HW (72%) with only a conductive layer and no adsorption layer in Comparative Example 1, and the HW (60%) without a conductive layer. This indicates that the conductive layer and the functional adsorption layer work together to significantly improve the overall treatment efficiency. An applied electric field can drive the directional migration of metal ions, making them more easily enriched on the material surface and internal functional sites. This process is dominated by electroosmotic flow. Under the action of the electric field, the pore liquid flows directionally along the direction of the electric field, thus forming a superimposed effect with capillary action. In this invention, the adsorption layer not only provides a large number of adsorption sites, but the introduction of the conductive layer significantly enhances the system's response to the applied electric field, making water and metal migration no longer solely dependent on natural diffusion or simple capillary action, further improving the overall mass transfer efficiency.

[0052] Heavy metal ions (such as Cu, Zn, and Cr) in sludge undergo electromigration under an applied electric field. Unlike traditional electroosmotic dewatering, this invention incorporates materials with flow-conducting structures, making the ion migration path more concentrated and controllable. The adsorption layer in this invention not only provides numerous adsorption sites but also offers enrichment and fixation sites for the migrated metal ions. Figure 4It is evident that the removal rates of copper, zinc, and chromium by FeOOH / PPy / HW reached 85%, 84%, and 82%, respectively, significantly higher than those of PPy / HW (30%, 24%, and 25%), and also significantly better than those of HW with only a matrix structure (67%, 63%, and 60%). This indicates that a flow-guiding structure or a conductive layer alone is insufficient for efficient metal removal; the participation of an adsorption layer is essential. The metal oxides or layered composite metal oxides in the adsorption layer can capture metal ions through surface complexation, electrostatic adsorption, and ion exchange. Furthermore, their surface and pore interfaces provide favorable sites for the continuous migration and local enrichment of metal ions. Therefore, this not only helps reduce the free metal content in sludge but also facilitates subsequent metal recovery.

[0053] Furthermore, all different adsorption layer materials exhibited good promoting effects, indicating that the ternary structure of the wood matrix composite conductive layer and adsorption layer in this invention has a certain degree of universality. After treatment with LDH / PPy / HW, the sludge moisture content was 40%, and the removal rates of copper, zinc, and chromium reached 79%, 77%, and 72%, respectively. Although the overall effect was slightly lower than FeOOH / PPy / HW, it was still significantly better than PPy / HW and HW. This demonstrates that different adsorption layer materials can all play a role in metal enrichment in the system of this invention.

[0054] The applied electric field significantly promoted the system of this invention, but when the voltage was further increased to 30V, the removal rates of copper, zinc, and chromium did not continue to increase; in fact, they slightly decreased. This result indicates that excessively high voltage does not significantly improve the metal removal effect, which may be related to factors such as enhanced local polarization, ion migration tending to saturate, and limited mass transfer pathways. Therefore, considering both treatment effect and operating cost, a medium-intensity voltage, especially in the 5-20V range, is preferred, as it is more beneficial to reduce energy consumption while ensuring dehydration and metal removal effects.

[0055] In summary, the electroresponsive biomimetic flow-conducting composite material of this invention does not rely on a single action to achieve dewatering and metal removal in sludge treatment. Instead, it promotes water migration and directional metal transfer through the synergy of the porous flow-conducting structure, conductive layer, electric field effect, and adsorption layer, thereby achieving simultaneous sludge reduction and heavy metal removal. This method not only has high treatment efficiency and low energy consumption, but also does not require high temperatures or complex chemical agents, possessing the technical advantages of being green and pollution-free. Furthermore, its simple system structure and widely available materials give it good potential for engineering scale-up and continuous operation, showing broad commercial application prospects in the fields of sludge resource utilization, low-carbon emission reduction, and environmentally friendly treatment.

[0056] Although the above embodiments have provided a detailed description of the present invention, they are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. People can obtain other embodiments based on these embodiments without creative effort, and these embodiments all fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. An electroresponsive biomimetic conductive composite material, characterized in that, It includes a porous biomimetic substrate and a polypyrrole conductive layer covering the surface and pores of the porous biomimetic substrate; and a metal adsorption layer loaded on the polypyrrole conductive layer or the surface of the porous biomimetic substrate; The porous biomimetic matrix has through capillary channels along its longitudinal orientation; The metal adsorption layer is one or more of metal oxides, metal hydroxy oxides, and layered metal hydroxides; the metal is selected from one or more of iron, magnesium, aluminum, and copper.

2. The electroresponsive biomimetic conductive composite material according to claim 2, characterized in that, The porous biomimetic matrix has a porosity of 40-90% and a pore size of 10-500 μm.

3. The electroresponsive biomimetic conductive composite material according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that, The porous biomimetic matrix is ​​wood.

4. The electroresponsive biomimetic conductive composite material according to claim 1, characterized in that, The metal oxide is selected from one or more of iron oxide, aluminum oxide, magnesium oxide, and copper oxide; The metal hydroxy oxide is iron hydroxy oxide.

5. The electroresponsive biomimetic conductive composite material according to claim 1, characterized in that, The layered metal hydroxide is one or more of MgAl-LDH, FeAl-LDH, MgFeAl-LDH, CuAl-LDH, CuMgAl-LDH, and CuFeAl-LDH.

6. The method for preparing the electroresponsive biomimetic conductive composite material according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: The precursor was obtained by constructing a polypyrrole conductive layer on the surface and within the pores of a porous biomimetic matrix through in-situ polymerization. By loading a metal adsorption layer onto the surface of the precursor, the electroresponsive biomimetic conductive composite material is obtained.

7. The preparation method according to claim 6, characterized in that, Before constructing the polypyrrole conductive layer, the porous biomimetic matrix also undergoes a lignin removal process. The lignin removal treatment is performed at a temperature of 80~100℃ for 8~12 hours.

8. The application of the electroresponsive biomimetic flow-conducting composite material according to any one of claims 1 to 5 or the preparation method according to claim 6 or 7 in sludge treatment.

9. A sludge treatment method, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: The electroresponsive biomimetic conductive composite material prepared by any one of claims 1 to 5 or by the preparation method of claim 6 or 7 is inserted into sludge, and an electric field is applied. Moisture and pollutants migrate directionally along the longitudinally oriented capillary channels of the electroresponsive biomimetic conductive composite material.

10. The sludge treatment method according to claim 9, characterized in that, The voltage of the electric field is 1~30 V.

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