An automatic control system for groundwater sampling and microbial sample pretreatment

Abstract

The application discloses an automatic control system for groundwater sampling and microbial sample pretreatment, and belongs to the technical field of groundwater environment monitoring. The system comprises a sample collection unit, a microbial pretreatment unit, a sample detection unit, a sample storage unit, a wastewater storage unit and an intelligent control system. The sample collection unit comprises a sampling head, a sampling tube, an air bag pump and a first flow sensor. The microbial pretreatment unit comprises a multi-stage filtration system and a filter membrane storage system. The intelligent control system is used for receiving flow signals and feeding back to adjust the opening and closing of each valve and control pump water parameters. The application provides an automatic control system for groundwater sampling and microbial sample pretreatment based on hydrogeology and monitoring well parameters, Internet of Things sensing technology, self-control valve groups and model algorithm coupling. The system can realize adaptive control and optimization of sampling and pretreatment parameters through multi-source data fusion.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of groundwater environmental monitoring technology, specifically relating to an automatic control system for groundwater sampling and microbial sample pretreatment. Background Technology

[0002] Groundwater sampling and analysis are the core components of groundwater monitoring, and their quality and efficiency directly impact the effectiveness of groundwater assessment and water pollution prevention. Microbiological indicators are key metrics for assessing groundwater ecological health and safety risks. However, existing automated groundwater sampling equipment primarily focuses on basic water quality indicators such as pH, EC, temperature, and turbidity. The collected samples cannot directly meet the needs of microbiological testing, requiring manual on-site pretreatment. The technical challenges exposed by this operational mode stem from the lack of an integrated design for sampling and pretreatment, and the absence of a suitable intelligent control system, making dynamic parameter adaptation impossible. Specifically, the following technical difficulties exist: (1) High risk of cross-contamination: Sampling tubes, sampling heads and monitoring instruments rely on manual cleaning, and contamination is easy to remain; the sampling site environment is complex, and manual pretreatment is difficult to achieve aseptic control throughout the process, which will lead to the distortion of microbial test results; (2) Uncontrollable pretreatment quality: The groundwater quality varies greatly, and using a uniform 0.22μm filter membrane can easily lead to slow filtration speed due to the interception of large particles; the limited voltage of portable power supplies further restricts filtration efficiency; it is difficult to dynamically adjust the filtration strategy according to the operating conditions, resulting in poor adaptability.

[0003] (3) The level of intelligence in the collection and pretreatment of groundwater microbial samples is low: key parameters such as well washing efficiency, sampling frequency and pump speed are mostly set by human experience and are difficult to adjust in real time according to the operation conditions; the lack of scientific quantitative standards can easily lead to incomplete well washing or waste of water resources.

[0004] Therefore, there is an urgent need to design an automatic control system for groundwater sampling and microbial sample pretreatment. This system should integrate groundwater collection units, microbial pretreatment units, sample detection units, sample storage units, wastewater storage units, and intelligent control systems, and couple IoT sensing technology and model algorithms to ultimately achieve adaptive optimization and intelligent monitoring of parameters throughout the entire sampling-microbial sample pretreatment process. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of this invention is to overcome the defects in the existing technology and to solve the core technical problems of high risk of cross-contamination, uncontrollable quality, and low level of intelligence in the existing groundwater microbial sample collection and pretreatment process. It provides an automatic control system for groundwater sampling and microbial sample pretreatment based on the coupling of hydrogeological and monitoring well parameters, Internet of Things sensing technology, automatic control valve group, and model algorithm. It can achieve adaptive control and optimization of sampling and pretreatment parameters through multi-source data fusion.

[0006] The specific technical solution adopted in this invention is as follows: In a first aspect, the present invention provides an automatic control system for groundwater sampling and microbial sample pretreatment, including a sample collection unit, a microbial pretreatment unit, a sample detection unit, a sample storage unit, a wastewater storage unit, and an intelligent control system; The sample collection unit includes a sampling head, a sampling tube, an airbag pump, and a first flow sensor. The sampling end of the sampling head is located below the water surface in the well. The sampling head is connected to the airbag pump and the first flow sensor in sequence through the sampling tube. The outlet of the first flow sensor is divided into two parallel paths: one path is connected to the inlet of the sample detection unit through a first main valve, and the other path is connected to the inlet of the microbial pretreatment unit through a second main valve. The outlet of the sample detection unit is also divided into two parallel paths: one path is connected to the inlet of the sample storage unit through a third main valve, and the other path is connected to the inlet of the wastewater storage unit. The outlets of the sample storage unit and the microbial pretreatment unit are both connected to the wastewater storage unit. The microbial pretreatment unit includes a multi-stage filtration system and a filter membrane storage system. The multi-stage filtration system includes several filter membranes connected in series, with a second flow sensor at the end. The filter membrane storage system is used to store used filter membranes from the multi-stage filtration system. The intelligent control system is connected to the first flow sensor, the second flow sensor, the airbag pump, and each valve, and is used to receive flow signals and provide feedback to adjust the opening and closing of each valve and control pump parameters.

[0007] Preferably, the sampling tube is a disposable sampling tube.

[0008] Preferably, the flow rate of the airbag pump is adjustable, with a flow range of 0.1-0.6 L / min and an accuracy of ±2%.

[0009] Preferably, the flow rate range of the first flow sensor and the second flow sensor is 0.1-0.8 L / min, and the accuracy is ±5%.

[0010] Preferably, the sample detection unit includes a basic multi-parameter sensor and a characteristic parameter sensor located inside the sensor monitoring tank; the basic multi-parameter sensor is used to detect the water level, temperature, conductivity, and turbidity of the wastewater in the sensor monitoring tank, and the characteristic parameter sensor is used to detect the concentration of heavy metals and chloride ions contained in the wastewater in the sensor monitoring tank.

[0011] Preferably, the sample storage unit includes disposable sample bottles located within an automatic temperature control device.

[0012] Preferably, the multi-stage filtration system includes a first filter membrane, a second filter membrane, and a third filter membrane with successively decreasing filter membrane particle sizes; The pipeline with the second main valve splits into two parallel paths at its end. One path is equipped with a first valve and a first filter membrane in sequence, and the other path is equipped with a second valve. After the two paths merge, they split into two parallel paths again. One path is equipped with a third valve and a second filter membrane in sequence, and the other path is equipped with a fourth valve. After the two paths merge, they split into two parallel paths again. One path is equipped with a sixth valve and a third filter membrane in sequence, and the other path is equipped with a fifth valve. A second flow sensor is installed on the pipeline after the two paths merge, and then it is connected to the wastewater storage unit.

[0013] Preferably, the first filter membrane has a particle size of 100 μm, the second filter membrane has a particle size of 20 μm, and the third filter membrane has a particle size of 0.22 μm.

[0014] Preferably, the intelligent control system is connected to a first flow sensor, a second flow sensor, an airbag pump, a first valve, a second valve, a third valve, a fourth valve, a fifth valve, a sixth valve, a first main valve, a second main valve, and a third main valve.

[0015] Secondly, the present invention provides a control method for the automatic control system for groundwater sampling and microbial sample pretreatment described in the first aspect, as follows: S1: Input hydrogeological parameters, monitoring well parameters and monitoring task requirements. Based on these, the system calculates the effective water volume and seepage rate, selects the optimal well washing and sampling strategy through database comparison, and automatically generates control parameters, which are then sent to the sample collection unit for well washing and sampling. S2: When the well washing program starts, the second and third main valves are closed and the first main valve is opened. The groundwater in the well enters the wastewater storage unit through the sample detection unit under the power of the airbag pump. During the transportation process, the intelligent control system adjusts the airbag pump based on the real-time monitoring data of the first flow sensor, so that the flow rate of the first flow sensor is maintained at 0.1-0.5L / min and the water level drop in the well does not exceed 10cm. S3: The intelligent control system determines whether the well-washing procedure is complete based on the real-time data returned by the sample detection unit. If the well-washing procedure is completed, the sampling procedure is started. When the sampling procedure is started, the second main valve is closed, and the first and third main valves are opened. The groundwater in the well passes through the sample detection unit and the sample storage unit in sequence under the power of the airbag pump before entering the wastewater storage unit. During the transportation process, the intelligent control system adjusts the airbag pump based on the real-time data monitored by the first flow sensor, so that the flow rate of the first flow sensor is maintained at 0.2-0.5 L / min, and the water level drop in the well does not exceed 10 cm. S3: After the sampling procedure is completed, the microbial sample pretreatment procedure is started; when the microbial sample pretreatment procedure is started, the first main valve is closed and the second main valve is opened. The groundwater in the well enters the multi-stage filtration system of the microbial pretreatment unit under the power of the airbag pump, and finally enters the wastewater storage unit; during the transportation process, the intelligent control system controls the opening and closing of the first valve, second valve, third valve, fourth valve, fifth valve and sixth valve according to the flow data monitored in real time by the second flow sensor, so as to dynamically adjust the filtration strategy; S4: Record all data from S2 to S4 and upload it to the database; S5: After the operation is completed, clean each unit and pipeline.

[0016] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following advantages: 1. Significantly improved sampling and microbial pretreatment pass rate: The intelligent control system enables standardized operation of the sampling and pretreatment process, and key parameters are recorded and traceable throughout the process, greatly reducing human error and ensuring data accuracy and reliability. The sampling pass rate has been increased to 98.5% (compared to 82% for traditional methods).

[0017] 2. Replaceable components and self-cleaning to prevent contamination: The sampling tube and filter membrane are replaceable and have a built-in self-cleaning program to avoid cross-contamination.

[0018] 3. High level of intelligence: This invention can instantly identify pollution anomalies at the sampling site through real-time data streams and intelligent algorithms, enabling early detection and rapid response to groundwater pollution incidents.

[0019] 4. Data traceability: Each groundwater collection, microbial sample pretreatment process, and optimization strategy is uploaded to a cloud database, which can be used for future sampling operations, greatly saving investigation and decision-making time. Attached Figure Description

[0020] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall system structure according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a flowchart of the adaptive parameter control of the intelligent control system according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention; The attached figures are labeled as follows: Sample collection unit 1, Sampling head 11, Sampling tube 12, Airbag pump 13, First flow sensor 14, Microbial pretreatment unit 2, Multi-stage filtration system 21, Filter membrane storage system 22, First filter membrane 23, Second filter membrane 24, Third filter membrane 25, Second flow sensor 26, First valve 201, Second valve 202, Third valve 203, Fourth valve 204, Fifth valve 205, Sixth valve 206, Sample detection unit 3, Sample storage unit 4, Wastewater storage unit 5, Intelligent control system 6, First main valve 71, Second main valve 72, Third main valve 73. Detailed Implementation

[0021] To make the above-mentioned objects, features, and advantages of the present invention more apparent and understandable, specific embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Many specific details are set forth in the following description to provide a thorough understanding of the present invention. However, the present invention can be practiced in many other ways different from those described herein, and those skilled in the art can make similar modifications without departing from the spirit of the present invention. Therefore, the present invention is not limited to the specific embodiments disclosed below. Technical features in various embodiments of the present invention can be combined accordingly without mutual conflict.

[0022] like Figure 1 The diagram shown is a schematic representation of the overall structure of an automatic control system for groundwater sampling and microbial sample pretreatment according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention. The present invention aims to solve the core technical problems of high risk of cross-contamination, uncontrollable quality, and low level of intelligence in existing groundwater microbial sample collection and pretreatment processes, as detailed below: (1) High risk of cross-contamination When manually cleaning sampling tubes, sampling heads, and monitoring instruments, improper operation or limitations of cleaning tools can easily lead to the residue of contaminants. For example, it is difficult to thoroughly clean dead corners such as the internal gaps of the sampling head and the inner side of the tube wall. Residual previous samples or external contaminants can directly interfere with subsequent test results. Furthermore, the sampling site environment is complex. In field operations, dust, soil, airborne microorganisms, etc., can easily enter the sample through open operation. Even with simple aseptic measures, it is difficult to achieve closed-loop control throughout the process. Especially in scenarios with extremely high aseptic requirements, such as groundwater microbial sampling, even minor contamination can lead to serious distortion of the microbial community structure analysis results, affecting the accurate assessment of the groundwater ecosystem.

[0023] (2) The quality of pretreatment is uncontrollable Groundwater quality conditions vary significantly. For example, some areas have high groundwater turbidity and high suspended solids content. Using a uniform 0.22μm filter membrane will cause the membrane to become clogged due to the rapid interception of large particles, resulting in slow filtration or even failure to complete filtration. At the same time, portable devices rely on battery power, and the limited voltage output restricts the power performance of the filtration device, further reducing filtration efficiency and prolonging pretreatment time. In addition, existing equipment lacks a dynamic adjustment mechanism and cannot flexibly switch the filter membrane pore size or adjust the filtration pressure based on real-time water quality data (such as turbidity and particle size distribution). It has poor adaptability to complex and variable field operation conditions and is prone to pretreatment failure or sample loss.

[0024] (3) Low level of intelligence Key parameters such as well-washing efficiency, sampling frequency, and pump speed largely depend on the operator's experience. Differences in operating habits and experience among different personnel may lead to unreasonable parameter selection. For example, if the pump speed is too high during well washing, it may cause disturbance to the well wall, while if it is too low, it may not be able to effectively remove stagnant water in the well. Moreover, once the parameters are set, they are difficult to adjust in real time according to the operating conditions. If the water level suddenly drops or the water quality becomes abnormal, manual adjustment will be delayed. At the same time, there is a lack of a scientific and quantitative standard system, and the judgment of the well-washing endpoint depends on subjective experience. This may result in incomplete well washing leading to sample contamination, or excessive well washing leading to water waste, thus affecting the efficiency and economy of sampling operations.

[0025] To solve the above-mentioned technical problems, the system of the present invention mainly includes a sample collection unit 1, a microbial pretreatment unit 2, a sample detection unit 3, a sample storage unit 4, a wastewater storage unit 5, and an intelligent control system 6.

[0026] The structure and connection method of each unit will be explained in detail below.

[0027] In the system of the present invention, the sample acquisition unit 1 mainly includes a sampling head 11, a sampling tube 12, an airbag pump 13, and a first flow sensor 14. The sampling end of the sampling head 11 is located below the water surface in the well, and the sampling head 11 is connected to the airbag pump 13 and the first flow sensor 14 in sequence through the sampling tube 12.

[0028] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the sampling tube 12 is a replaceable disposable sampling tube, and the airbag pump 13 is a non-contact airbag pump with a self-cleaning function, which can automatically clean the sampling head and other internal pipelines after operation to avoid cross-contamination. The flow rate of the airbag pump 13 is adjustable, with a flow range of 0.1-0.6 L / min and an accuracy of ±2%.

[0029] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the first flow sensor 14 has a flow range of 0.1-0.8 L / min and an accuracy of ±5%.

[0030] In the system of this invention, the outlet of the first flow sensor 14 is divided into two parallel pipelines. One pipeline is connected to the inlet of the sample detection unit 3 via a first main valve 71, and the other pipeline is connected to the inlet of the microbial pretreatment unit 2 via a second main valve 72. The outlet of the sample detection unit 3 is also divided into two parallel pipelines. One pipeline is connected to the inlet of the sample storage unit 4 via a third main valve 73, and the other pipeline is connected to the inlet of the wastewater storage unit 5. The outlets of both the sample storage unit 4 and the microbial pretreatment unit 2 are connected to the inlet of the wastewater storage unit 5 via pipelines.

[0031] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the sample detection unit 3 includes a basic multi-parameter sensor and a characteristic parameter sensor located inside the sensor monitoring tank. The basic multi-parameter sensor is used to detect indicators such as water level, temperature, conductivity, and turbidity of the wastewater in the sensor monitoring tank, while the characteristic parameter sensor is used to detect indicators such as the concentration of heavy metals and chloride ions in the wastewater in the sensor monitoring tank.

[0032] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the sample storage unit 4 mainly includes disposable sample bottles, an automatic temperature control device, etc., wherein the disposable sample bottles are located inside the automatic temperature control device.

[0033] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the wastewater storage unit mainly includes a wastewater tank, etc.

[0034] In the system of this invention, the microbial pretreatment unit 2 mainly includes a multi-stage filtration system 21 and a filter membrane storage system 22. The multi-stage filtration system 21 includes several filter membranes connected in series, with a second flow sensor 26 at the end. The filter membrane storage system 22 is used to store used filter membranes after they have been used in the multi-stage filtration system 21.

[0035] In actual use, the microbial pretreatment module contained in the system can adjust the filtration path by adjusting the valve opening and closing to ensure filtration speed and quality, and is equipped with a filter membrane storage system to ensure the quality of microbial sample pretreatment.

[0036] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the second flow sensor 26 has a flow range of 0.1-0.8 L / min and an accuracy of ±5%.

[0037] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, such as Figure 1 As shown, the multi-stage filtration system 21 mainly consists of three types of filter membranes with different pore sizes connected in series via pipes: a first filter membrane 23, a second filter membrane 24, and a third filter membrane 25 with decreasing particle sizes. Specifically, the end of the pipe equipped with the second main valve 72 splits into two parallel pipes. One pipe is equipped with the first valve 201 and the first filter membrane 23, while the other pipe is equipped with the second valve 202. After the two pipes merge, they split into two parallel pipes again. One pipe is equipped with the third valve 203 and the second filter membrane 24, while the other pipe is equipped with the fourth valve 204. After the two pipes merge again, they split into two parallel pipes again. One pipe is equipped with the sixth valve 206 and the third filter membrane 25, while the other pipe is equipped with the fifth valve 205. A second flow sensor 26 is installed on the pipe after the two pipes merge, and then it is connected to the inlet of the wastewater storage unit 5.

[0038] In practical applications, the particle size of the first filter membrane 23 can be 100 μm, the particle size of the second filter membrane 24 can be 20 μm, and the particle size of the third filter membrane 25 can be 0.22 μm. Of course, the filter membrane thickness can also be adjusted according to actual conditions to ensure the flow rate requirements.

[0039] In the system of the present invention, the intelligent control system 6 is connected to the first flow sensor 14, the second flow sensor 26, the airbag pump 13 and each valve, and is used to receive flow signals and provide feedback to adjust the opening and closing of each valve and control the pump water parameters.

[0040] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the intelligent control system 6 is mainly connected to the first flow sensor 14, the second flow sensor 26, the airbag pump 13, the first valve 201, the second valve 202, the third valve 203, the fourth valve 204, the fifth valve 205, the sixth valve 206, the first main valve 71, the second main valve 72, and the third main valve 73.

[0041] In actual use, the intelligent control system 6 uses built-in algorithms to control the opening and closing of valve groups, achieving intelligent control of processes such as groundwater microbial sample collection, pretreatment, detection, storage, and system self-cleaning. Each unit is controlled by the intelligent control system in conjunction with IoT sensing technology and model algorithms, and the entire control process is recorded and stored, demonstrating a high degree of intelligence.

[0042] Utilizing the aforementioned automatic control system for groundwater sampling and microbial sample pretreatment, this invention also provides a control method. For example... Figure 2 As shown, the specific steps of this method are as follows: S1, Basic parameter input and optimal well washing and sampling strategy generation: The system allows users to manually input hydrogeological parameters, monitoring well parameters (including well depth, well permeability coefficient, etc.), and monitoring task requirements (such as for microbial sample analysis). The built-in algorithm will then calculate the effective water volume and permeability rate based on these parameters. Through database comparison, the system will select the optimal well washing and sampling strategy and automatically generate control parameters, which will then be sent to sample collection unit 1 for sampling.

[0043] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, according to the requirements of HJ1019-2019, the optimal well washing strategy parameters mainly include well washing volume (L), well washing (first flow sensor 14) flow rate, etc.; the optimal sampling strategy parameters mainly include sampling method (low flow rate sampling method / low permeability aquifer sampling method), sampling volume (ml), sampling (flow sensor 14) flow rate (L / min), etc.

[0044] S2, Well Washing Procedure: When the well-washing procedure is initiated, the second main valve 72 and the third main valve 73 are closed, and the first main valve 71 is opened. Groundwater in the well, powered by the airbag pump 13, passes through the sample detection unit 3 and enters the wastewater storage unit 5. During the transport process, the intelligent control system 6 adjusts the airbag pump 13 based on real-time data monitored by the first flow sensor 14, ensuring that the flow rate remains between 0.1-0.5 L / min and that the water level drop in the well does not exceed 10 cm (according to HJ1019-2019 requirements).

[0045] S3, Sampling procedure: The intelligent control system 6 determines whether the well-washing procedure is complete based on the real-time data returned by the sample detection unit 3 (mainly including turbidity, conductivity, pH, etc., according to HJ 164-2020 requirements). The judgment criteria can be set according to HJ 164-2020 requirements. For example, the well-washing procedure is considered complete and the sampling procedure is started if any of the following requirements are met: ① Three indicators are met simultaneously: turbidity is less than or equal to 10 NTU, or the change in turbidity is within ±10% for three consecutive measurements, the change in conductivity is within ±10% for three consecutive measurements, and the change in pH is within ±0.1% for three consecutive measurements; ② The amount of water pumped out during well washing is 3 to 5 times the volume of water in the well. When the sampling procedure is started, the second main valve 72 is closed, and the first main valve 71 and the third main valve 73 are opened. The groundwater in the well passes through the sample detection unit 3 and the sample storage unit 4 in sequence under the power of the airbag pump 13 and then enters the wastewater storage unit 5. During the transport process, the intelligent control system 6 adjusts the airbag pump 13 based on the real-time monitoring data from the first flow sensor 14, ensuring that the flow rate of the first flow sensor 14 remains between 0.2 and 0.5 L / min, and the water level drawdown in the well does not exceed 10 cm (according to HJ1019-2019 requirements). If the above flow rate and water level drawdown requirements are met, the sample detection unit will monitor characteristic parameters. If the characteristic parameter changes by more than 20%, it will identify abnormal water quality abrupt changes, trigger the encrypted sampling mechanism, and push a pollution warning to the platform.

[0046] S3, Microbial Sample Pretreatment Procedure: After the sampling procedure is completed, the microbial sample pretreatment procedure is initiated. When the microbial sample pretreatment procedure is initiated, the first main valve 71 is closed and the second main valve 72 is opened. Groundwater from the well enters the multi-stage filtration system 21 of the microbial pretreatment unit 2 under the power of the airbag pump 13, and finally enters the wastewater storage unit 5. During the transportation process, the intelligent control system 6 controls the opening and closing of the first valve 201, second valve 202, third valve 203, fourth valve 204, fifth valve 205, and sixth valve 206 based on the flow data monitored in real time by the second flow sensor 26, to dynamically adjust the filtration strategy. After filtration is completed, the filter membrane is removed, and the old filter membrane is stored in the filter membrane storage unit.

[0047] S4, Wastewater Storage and Process Recording: Record all data from S2 to S4 (including all control processes during this well washing, sampling, and pretreatment process) and upload them to the database.

[0048] S5, Self-cleaning program: After the operation is completed, each unit and pipeline shall be cleaned (the self-cleaning component unit is not included). Figure 1 (As shown in the image).

[0049] The embodiments described above are merely preferred embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the invention. Those skilled in the art can make various changes and modifications without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. Therefore, all technical solutions obtained through equivalent substitution or transformation fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. An automatic control system for groundwater sampling and microbial sample pretreatment, characterized in that, It includes a sample collection unit (1), a microbial pretreatment unit (2), a sample detection unit (3), a sample storage unit (4), a wastewater storage unit (5), and an intelligent control system (6). The sample collection unit (1) includes a sampling head (11), a sampling tube (12), an airbag pump (13), and a first flow sensor (14). The sampling end of the sampling head (11) is located below the water surface in the well. The sampling head (11) is connected to the airbag pump (13) and the first flow sensor (14) in sequence through the sampling tube (12). The outlet of the first flow sensor (14) is divided into two parallel paths. One path is connected to the inlet of the sample detection unit (3) through a first main valve (71), and the other path is connected to the inlet of the microbial pretreatment unit (2) through a second main valve (72). The outlet of the sample detection unit (3) is divided into two parallel paths. One path is connected to the inlet of the sample storage unit (4) through a third main valve (73), and the other path is connected to the inlet of the sample storage unit (4). One path is connected to the inlet of the wastewater storage unit (5); the outlets of the sample storage unit (4) and the microbial pretreatment unit (2) are respectively connected to the wastewater storage unit (5); the microbial pretreatment unit (2) includes a multi-stage filtration system (21) and a filter membrane storage system (22); the multi-stage filtration system (21) includes several filter membranes connected in series, and a second flow sensor (26) is provided at the end; the filter membrane storage system (22) is used to store the old filter membranes used in the multi-stage filtration system (21); the intelligent control system (6) is connected to the first flow sensor (14), the second flow sensor (26), the airbag pump (13) and each valve, and is used to receive flow signals and provide feedback to adjust the opening and closing of each valve and control the pump water parameters.

2. The automatic control system for groundwater sampling and microbial sample pretreatment according to claim 1, characterized in that, The sampling tube (12) is a disposable sampling tube.

3. An automatic control system for groundwater sampling and microbial sample pretreatment according to claim 1, characterized in that, The flow rate of the airbag pump (13) is adjustable, with a flow range of 0.1-0.6 L / min and an accuracy of ±2%.

4. An automatic control system for groundwater sampling and microbial sample pretreatment according to claim 1, characterized in that, The flow range of the first flow sensor (14) and the second flow sensor (26) is 0.1-0.8 L / min, with an accuracy of ±5%.

5. An automatic control system for groundwater sampling and microbial sample pretreatment according to claim 1, characterized in that, The sample detection unit (3) includes a basic multi-parameter sensor and a characteristic parameter sensor located inside the sensor monitoring tank; the basic multi-parameter sensor is used to detect the water level, temperature, conductivity and turbidity of the wastewater in the sensor monitoring tank, and the characteristic parameter sensor is used to detect the concentration of heavy metals and chloride ions contained in the wastewater in the sensor monitoring tank.

6. An automatic control system for groundwater sampling and microbial sample pretreatment according to claim 1, characterized in that, The sample storage unit (4) includes disposable sample bottles located within an automatic temperature control device.

7. An automatic control system for groundwater sampling and microbial sample pretreatment according to claim 1, characterized in that, The multi-stage filtration system (21) includes a first filter membrane (23), a second filter membrane (24), and a third filter membrane (25) with successively decreasing filter membrane particle sizes. The pipeline with the second main valve (72) is divided into two parallel paths at the end. One path is equipped with a first valve (201) and a first filter membrane (23) in sequence, and the other path is equipped with a second valve (202). After the two paths merge, they are divided into two parallel paths again. One path is equipped with a third valve (203) and a second filter membrane (24) in sequence, and the other path is equipped with a fourth valve (204). After the two paths merge, they are divided into two parallel paths again. One path is equipped with a sixth valve (206) and a third filter membrane (25) in sequence, and the other path is equipped with a fifth valve (205). A second flow sensor (26) is installed on the pipeline after the two paths merge, and then it is connected to the wastewater storage unit (5).

8. An automatic control system for groundwater sampling and microbial sample pretreatment according to claim 7, characterized in that, The first filter membrane (23) has a particle size of 100 μm, the second filter membrane (24) has a particle size of 20 μm, and the third filter membrane (25) has a particle size of 0.22 μm.

9. An automatic control system for groundwater sampling and microbial sample pretreatment according to claim 7, characterized in that, The intelligent control system (6) is connected to the first flow sensor (14), the second flow sensor (26), the airbag pump (13), the first valve (201), the second valve (202), the third valve (203), the fourth valve (204), the fifth valve (205), the sixth valve (206), the first main valve (71), the second main valve (72), and the third main valve (73).

10. A control method using the automatic control system for groundwater sampling and microbial sample pretreatment as described in claim 7, characterized in that, Specifically as follows: S1: Input hydrogeological parameters, monitoring well parameters and monitoring task requirements. Based on this, the system calculates the effective water volume and seepage rate. Through database comparison, it selects the optimal well washing and sampling strategy and automatically generates control parameters, which are then sent to the sample collection unit (1) for well washing and sampling. S2: When the well washing program is started, the second main valve (72) and the third main valve (73) are closed, and the first main valve (71) is opened. The groundwater in the well enters the wastewater storage unit (5) through the sample detection unit (3) under the power of the airbag pump (13). During the transportation process, the intelligent control system (6) adjusts the airbag pump (13) according to the data monitored in real time by the first flow sensor (14) so ​​that the first flow sensor (14) maintains the flow rate at 0.1-0.5L / min and the water level drop in the well does not exceed 10cm. S3: The intelligent control system (6) determines whether the well washing program is completed based on the real-time data returned by the sample detection unit (3). If the well washing program is completed, the sampling program is started. When the sampling program is started, the second main valve (72) is closed, and the first main valve (71) and the third main valve (73) are opened. The groundwater in the well passes through the sample detection unit (3) and the sample storage unit (4) in sequence under the power of the airbag pump (13) and then enters the wastewater storage unit (5). During the transportation process, the intelligent control system (6) adjusts the airbag pump (13) according to the real-time data monitored by the first flow sensor (14) so ​​that the first flow sensor (14) maintains the flow rate at 0.2-0.5L / min and the water level drop in the well does not exceed 10cm. S3: After the sampling procedure is completed, start the microbial sample pretreatment procedure; when the microbial sample pretreatment procedure is started, close the first main valve (71) and open the second main valve (72). The groundwater in the well enters the multi-stage filtration system (21) of the microbial pretreatment unit (2) under the power of the airbag pump (13), and finally enters the wastewater storage unit (5); during the transportation process, the intelligent control system (6) controls the opening and closing of the first valve (201), the second valve (202), the third valve (203), the fourth valve (204), the fifth valve (205) and the sixth valve (206) according to the flow data monitored in real time by the second flow sensor (26) in order to dynamically adjust the filtration strategy; S4: Record all data from S2 to S4 and upload it to the database; S5: After the operation is completed, clean each unit and pipeline.

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