A mortise type expandable building unit with variable position of doors and windows and its assembling method

Abstract

The present application relates to a kind of door and window position variable tenon type expandable building unit and its assembly method, including several wall units, the wall unit is mutually inserted by mortise and tenon structure and is formed outer wall, it is connected between adjacent outer wall by support column, the convex tenon and the mortise of mortise and tenon structure on the outer wall are provided on the support column and are inserted, the support beam is connected to the top and bottom of the outer wall by mortise and tenon structure, the support beam both ends are provided with to respectively interface convex tenon and mortise mortise and tenon and convex portion, the roof component is covered on the top of the support beam, the window unit and the door unit are embedded in the outer wall, the building unit can be expanded, disassembly is convenient, to meet the specific function needs under emergency scene, can be on the basis of rapid deployment and give consideration to basic living quality;While meeting the requirements of different climate conditions, basic ventilation, lighting and thermal environment demand under emergency situation can be considered.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of prefabricated buildings, and in particular to a tenon-and-mortise type expandable building unit with variable door and window positions and its assembly method. Background Technology

[0002] Modular building units are highly integrated prefabricated buildings that can be quickly assembled, characterized by rapid construction, high standardization, and sustainability throughout their entire life cycle. The construction method of modular steel structure buildings differs from traditional building methods. Standardized modules are prefabricated in factories, transported to the construction site, and then connected and assembled. The construction process utilizes nails and other detailed components for fixation, saving significant manpower and resources.

[0003] Under current technological conditions, the prefabrication level of modular buildings is not high. The construction of current modular buildings still relies on relatively small, intricate components to fix and connect the various building modules. This is not only time-consuming but also requires relatively high skill levels from construction workers, thus affecting the advantages of rapid assembly and efficient construction that modular buildings should offer. Currently, most modular buildings, due to limitations in their structural design and connection methods, cannot be effectively disassembled and reassembled after completion, significantly limiting their flexibility and reusability. Furthermore, the positions of doors and windows in these modular buildings are determined at the initial design stage and are relatively fixed, making adjustment or modification difficult. This results in an inability to flexibly configure and optimize for different scenarios and specific needs during actual use, making it difficult to meet diverse usage requirements and personalized spatial layout needs. Moreover, with increasing demands for building comfort, the need for natural lighting is also growing. Currently, most modular buildings achieve passive lighting through windows, but the window opening angles are relatively fixed, making it difficult to adjust appropriately for different times, locations, and actual needs.

[0004] In real-world emergency scenarios, diverse and complex terrain conditions and varied application requirements are often encountered. For example, when multiple interconnected buildings need to be arranged in an emergency, some building facades may be unable to accommodate doors and windows due to structural continuity or spatial functional limitations. Simultaneously, to meet the needs of personnel movement, material storage, or safety isolation, some buildings also require courtyard spaces, further increasing the complexity of the layout design. Furthermore, in special terrains such as slopes and mountains, such as plots near mountains, the facades of some buildings are constrained by terrain obstruction or soil conditions, making it difficult to install conventional door and window structures, thus limiting the flexibility of functionality. However, currently widely used prefabricated modular buildings mostly adopt standardized and modular designs, with the positions and sizes of doors and windows typically fixed during the factory prefabrication stage. This makes dynamic adjustments based on actual site conditions difficult, and they cannot fully adapt to the diversity of different building densities, layout forms, and functional requirements, thus exhibiting certain limitations in dealing with complex and ever-changing emergency construction environments.

[0005] Therefore, current requirements for building units or temporary living spaces need to include convenient transportation, rapid installation, expandability, customizable spatial layout to meet actual needs, and adequate lighting. Basic living quality must be considered while ensuring rapid deployment in emergency situations. Furthermore, basic ventilation, lighting, and thermal environment requirements must be met in different emergency scenarios to ensure basic comfort under emergency resettlement conditions. Summary of the Invention

[0006] In view of the shortcomings of the prior art, the technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a snap-fit ​​expandable building unit with variable door and window positions and its assembly method. It can not only realize easy assembly and transportation, and improve the integration of integrated building units and the efficiency of rapid use; but also the modular multi-specification wall components can realize the integrated design of multiple functions, including the integration of heat preservation, waterproofing, ventilation and finishing functions.

[0007] To solve the above-mentioned technical problems, the technical solution of the present invention is: a tenon-and-mortise type expandable building unit with variable door and window positions, comprising several wall units, wherein the wall units are interlocked by tenon and mortise structures to form an outer wall, and adjacent outer walls are connected by support columns, wherein the support columns are provided with tenons and mortises that mate with the tenon and mortise structures on the outer walls, and the top and bottom of the outer walls are connected by tenon and mortise structures with support beams, wherein the two ends of the support beams are provided with slots and protrusions for respectively mate with the tenons and mortises, and the top of the support beams is covered with a roof component, and window units and door units are embedded in the outer walls.

[0008] Furthermore, the wall units are all square, and the mortise and tenon structure includes tenons that are fixed to two adjacent right-angled sides of the wall unit in an inverted L shape, and mortises that are recessed into the other two adjacent right-angled sides in an L shape. The outer wall is composed of wall units that are interlocked in an array.

[0009] Furthermore, the tenons and mortises on the support column are spaced 90° apart, and the tenons and mortises are extended along the vertical direction of the support column.

[0010] Furthermore, a total of four support columns are provided, and each support column has two sets of tenons and mortises.

[0011] Furthermore, the bottom of each support beam is recessed upwards to accommodate the tenon at the top of the exterior wall, and the top of each support beam protrudes upwards to accommodate the roof components. Both the protrusions and the grooves extend horizontally along the support beam, and the protrusions are the protruding ends of the protrusions. A total of eight sets of support beams are provided.

[0012] Furthermore, the roof component is composed of a top surface component and a gable wall component. The top surface component includes top surface units spliced ​​by mortise and tenon structure. Each top surface unit is V-shaped, and the tenon and mortise of its mortise and tenon structure are V-shaped. The inner sides of both ends of the top surface unit are fixed with recesses for insertion with protrusions. The recesses extend along the width direction of the top surface unit.

[0013] Furthermore, the gable component includes a triangular wall panel, and an outer eaves panel with the same V-shape as the top surface unit is fixed on the top of the wall panel. One side of the outer eaves panel has a protruding plate for inserting into the mortise of the top surface unit, and the other side of the outer eaves panel has a long groove for inserting the tenon of the top surface unit. The long groove is also V-shaped. The gable component is installed on both sides of the roof component. The inner sides of both ends of the outer eaves panel also have recesses for inserting into the protrusion.

[0014] Furthermore, the window unit includes an outer window frame that is inserted into the wall unit via a mortise and tenon structure, an inner window frame that is hinged inside the outer window frame, and glass is built into the inner window frame. The inner window frame and the outer window frame are locked together by a window lock.

[0015] Furthermore, the door unit includes a door frame that is inserted into the wall unit via a mortise and tenon structure, and two door panels are hinged inside the door frame, with the two door panels locked together by a door lock.

[0016] A method for assembling a modular, expandable building unit with adjustable door and window positions is described below: First, assemble the exterior wall and select locations to embed window and door units using mortise and tenon joints. Next, place the assembled exterior wall units vertically and connect them using support columns. After completion, place support beams at the top and bottom of the exterior wall and support column assembly and mortise them with the tenons of the exterior wall units using grooves. Then, assemble the roof and gable wall components, splicing multiple roof units together. Finally, insert eaves boards at both ends of the spliced ​​roof components to complete the roof assembly. Connect the roof components to the support beams at the top of the exterior wall below, thus completing the assembly.

[0017] Compared with existing technologies, this invention has the following advantages: Modular, multi-specification wall components enable dynamic matching of building openings with usage requirements; the use of mortise and tenon joints simplifies the installation process of building units and significantly improves installation efficiency; the building units are expandable, meeting functional requirements in different emergency scenarios and enabling flexible adjustment and optimized configuration of spatial layout; modular components facilitate transportation, improving the integration of building units and the efficiency of rapid deployment; this invention balances rapid deployment with basic living quality, ensuring basic ventilation, lighting, and thermal environment requirements under emergency conditions, while also meeting basic comfort and privacy needs under emergency resettlement conditions.

[0018] The present invention will now be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments. Attached Figure Description

[0019] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the structure of an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 2 This is an exploded view diagram of an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the support column in an embodiment of the present invention, and a partially enlarged schematic diagram thereof; Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the support beam in an embodiment of the present invention, as well as a partially enlarged schematic diagram thereof; Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the top surface component in an embodiment of the present invention, and a partially enlarged schematic diagram thereof; Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the gable wall component in an embodiment of the present invention, and a partially enlarged schematic diagram thereof; Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the window unit in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the opening and closing of the window unit in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a gate unit in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 10This is a schematic diagram of the opening and closing of a door unit in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 11 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the wall unit in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 12 This is a schematic diagram showing the position transformation of the window unit in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 13 This is a schematic diagram showing the length and width dimensions of the wall unit in each embodiment of the present invention; Figure 14 This is a schematic diagram illustrating an extension of an embodiment of the present invention.

[0020] In the diagram: 1-Wall unit, 2-Tenon and tenon structure, 3-Exterior wall, 4-Support column, 5-Tenon, 6-Mortette, 7-Support beam, 8-Groove, 9-Protrusion, 10-Roof component, 11-Window unit, 12-Door unit, 13-Tenon, 14-Mortette, 15-Groove, 16-Protrusion, 17-Top component, 18-Gable component, 19-Top unit, 20-Recess, 21-Wall panel, 22-Exterior eaves panel, 23-Protrusion, 24-Long groove, 25-Exterior window frame, 26-Interior window frame, 27-Glass, 28-Window lock, 29-Door frame, 30-Door panel, 31-Door lock. Detailed Implementation

[0021] To make the above features and advantages of the present invention more apparent and understandable, specific embodiments are described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings for detailed explanation.

[0022] like Figures 1-14 As shown, a mortise-and-tenon type expandable building unit with variable door and window positions includes several wall units 1. The wall units are interlocked by mortise and tenon structures 2 to form an outer wall 3. Adjacent outer walls are connected by support columns 4. The support columns are provided with tenons 5 and mortises 6 that mate with the mortise and tenon structures on the outer walls. The top and bottom of the outer walls are connected by mortise and tenon structures with support beams 7. The two ends of the support beams are provided with slots 8 and protrusions 9 for mate with the tenons and mortises respectively. The top of the support beams is covered with a roof component 10. Window units 11 and door units 12 are embedded in the outer walls.

[0023] In this embodiment of the invention, the wall units are all square, and the tenon and mortise structure includes tenons 13 that are fixed to two adjacent right-angled sides of the wall unit in an inverted L shape, and mortises 14 that are recessed into the other two adjacent right-angled sides in an L shape. The outer wall is formed by interlocking the wall units in an array.

[0024] In this embodiment of the invention, the tenons and mortises on the support column are spaced 90° apart, and the tenons and mortises are extended along the vertical direction of the support column.

[0025] In this embodiment of the invention, four support columns are provided, and each support column has two sets of tenons and mortises. The two sets of tenons on the support columns are arranged adjacent to each other, and the two sets of mortises on the support columns are also arranged adjacent to each other. The support columns are aluminum frame members, which are spliced ​​with the outer wall and support beams through tenons and mortises.

[0026] In this embodiment of the invention, the bottom of each support beam is recessed upwards with a groove 15 for insertion into the tenon at the top of the exterior wall, and the top of each support beam protrudes upwards with a protrusion 16 for insertion into the roof components. Both the protrusion and the groove extend horizontally along the support beam, and the protrusion is the protruding end of the protrusion. A total of eight sets of support beams are provided. The support beams are aluminum frame members, spliced ​​with the exterior wall through the groove, and connected to the recess of the roof unit through the protrusion.

[0027] In this embodiment of the invention, the roof component is composed of a top surface component 17 and a gable wall component 18. The top surface component includes a top surface unit 19 spliced ​​by a mortise and tenon structure. The top surface unit is V-shaped, and the tenon and mortise of its mortise and tenon structure are V-shaped with obtuse angles. During installation, the V-shaped opening faces downward and is spliced ​​with the support beam. The lower surfaces of both ends of the top surface unit are fixed with recesses 20 for insertion with protrusions. The recesses extend along the width direction of the top surface unit.

[0028] In this embodiment of the invention, the gable component includes a triangular wall panel 21. A V-shaped eaves panel 22, identical to the top surface unit, is fixedly mounted on the top of the wall panel. One side of the eaves panel has a protruding plate 23 for inserting into a mortise in the top surface unit, and the other side of the eaves panel has a recessed long groove 24 for inserting a tenon into the top surface unit. This long groove is also V-shaped. The gable component is installed on both sides of the roof component. The lower surfaces at both ends of the eaves panel also have recesses for engaging with the protrusions, which are aligned with the recesses in the top surface unit.

[0029] In this embodiment of the invention, the window unit includes an outer window frame 25 that is inserted into the wall unit via a mortise and tenon structure. An inner window frame 26 is hinged inside the outer window frame. The inner window frame houses glass 27, and the inner and outer window frames are locked together by a window lock 28. The mortise and tenon structure is installed on the outer window frame and its installation position is consistent with that of the mortise and tenon structure of the wall unit so that it can be spliced ​​with the wall unit and embedded in the outer wall. The integrated window unit highly integrates multiple installation steps and components, thereby greatly simplifying the originally cumbersome installation process. This not only reduces possible errors and inconveniences during installation but also makes the overall structure of the window more compact and stable, ensuring that the window maintains good sealing and safety during use.

[0030] In this embodiment of the invention, the door unit includes a door frame 29 that is inserted into the wall unit via a mortise and tenon structure. Two door panels 30 are hinged within the door frame and locked together by a door lock 31. The door is an integrated door, installed on the door frame and aligned with the mortise and tenon structure of the wall unit to complete the splicing with the wall unit, thus embedding it within the outer wall. It can be opened and closed by operating the door lock handle.

[0031] The assembly method of this invention is as follows: First, assemble the exterior wall and select a position to embed the window unit and door unit through a mortise and tenon structure. Then, place the assembled exterior wall vertically and connect them with support columns. After completion, place support beams at the upper and lower ends of the exterior wall and support column assembly and mortise them with the tenons of the exterior wall through grooves. Then, assemble the roof component and gable wall component, splicing multiple sets of roof units together. Then, insert the eaves board at both ends of the spliced ​​roof component to complete the roof component assembly. Finally, connect the roof component to the support beam at the top of the exterior wall below, thus completing the assembly.

[0032] In this embodiment of the invention, the building unit can be expanded. Connecting two opposite sides of the supporting column to the wall extends the room structure to accommodate larger rooms. Connecting three sides of the supporting column to the wall allows for the arrangement of multiple rooms to meet the needs of multiple rooms.

[0033] In this embodiment of the invention, the building unit can have its roof section removed to enclose a courtyard unit. The courtyard unit can be combined with the building unit through mortise and tenon joints to form a courtyard space, meeting spatial requirements; the size of the roof can be varied by adding or removing roof components to meet different roof size requirements.

[0034] In this embodiment of the invention, the wall unit can be configured with various dimensions for free assembly and splicing. The table below shows the dimensions of various wall units: In order to effectively improve indoor light and heat demand by changing the number and location of windows, during the winter daytime, the number of windows on the walls is increased and kept closed to allow the interior to receive full solar radiation, increase the illuminance of the atrium by utilizing natural lighting, and fully absorb solar radiation heat by utilizing the greenhouse effect to increase the indoor temperature.

[0035] On winter nights, replacing windows with insulated wall components can reduce heat loss and store heat, maintaining a warm indoor environment.

[0036] During the summer daytime, windows on the north and south walls should be kept open to ensure indoor ventilation and prevent overheating. This also prevents direct sunlight from the east and west sides from entering the room, ensuring a comfortable indoor environment and avoiding unnecessary glare.

[0037] On summer nights, keep the windows open to utilize the temperature difference between indoors and outdoors and the thermal pressure created by opening the windows for ventilation, thus achieving a good passive cooling effect.

[0038] It should be noted that the components or steps in the above embodiments can be interchanged, substituted, added, or deleted. Therefore, the combinations formed by these reasonable permutations and transformations should also fall within the protection scope of this invention, and the protection scope of this invention should not be limited to the above embodiments.

[0039] The above are exemplary embodiments disclosed in this invention. The order of the disclosed embodiments is merely for descriptive purposes and does not represent the superiority or inferiority of the embodiments. However, it should be noted that the discussion of any of the above embodiments is merely exemplary and is not intended to imply that the scope of the disclosed embodiments of this invention (including the claims) is limited to these examples. Various changes and modifications can be made without departing from the scope defined by the claims. The functions, steps, and / or actions of the methods according to the disclosed embodiments described herein do not need to be performed in any particular order. Furthermore, although the elements disclosed in the embodiments of this invention may be described or claimed individually, they may be understood as multiple unless explicitly limited to a singular.

[0040] Those skilled in the art should understand that the discussion of any of the above embodiments is merely exemplary and is not intended to imply that the scope of the invention (including the claims) is limited to these examples. Within the framework of the invention, technical features of the above embodiments or different embodiments can be combined, and many other variations of the different aspects of the invention as described above exist, which are not provided in the details for the sake of brevity. Therefore, any omissions, modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of the invention should be included within the protection scope of the invention.

Claims

1. A tenon-and-mortise type expandable building unit with variable door and window positions, characterized in that: It includes several wall units, which are interlocked with each other using mortise and tenon joints to form an exterior wall. Adjacent exterior walls are connected by support columns. The support columns are provided with tenons and mortises that mate with the mortise and tenon joints on the exterior walls. The top and bottom of the exterior walls are connected with support beams using mortise and tenon joints. The two ends of the support beams are provided with slots and protrusions for mates with the tenons and mortises, respectively. The top of the support beams is covered with a roof component. Window units and door units are embedded in the exterior walls.

2. The expandable building unit with adjustable door and window positions according to claim 1, characterized in that: The wall units are all square, and the mortise and tenon structure includes tenons that are fixed to the two adjacent right-angled sides of the wall unit in an inverted L shape, and mortises that are recessed into the other two adjacent right-angled sides in an L shape. The outer wall is composed of wall units that are interlocked in an array.

3. The expandable building unit with adjustable door and window positions according to claim 2, characterized in that: The tenons and mortises on the support column are spaced 90° apart, and both the tenons and mortises are extended along the vertical direction of the support column.

4. The expandable building unit with adjustable door and window positions according to claim 3, characterized in that: There are four support columns in total, and each support column has two sets of tenons and mortises.

5. A tenon-type expandable building unit with variable door and window positions according to claim 2, characterized in that: The bottom of each support beam is recessed upwards to fit the tenon at the top of the outer wall, and the top of each support beam protrudes upwards to fit into the roof components. Both the protrusion and the groove extend horizontally along the support beam, and the protrusion is the protruding end of the protrusion.

6. A tenon-type expandable building unit with variable door and window positions according to claim 5, characterized in that: The roof component consists of a top surface component and a gable wall component. The top surface component includes top surface units spliced ​​by mortise and tenon structure. Each top surface unit is V-shaped, and the tenon and mortise of its mortise and tenon structure are V-shaped. The inner sides of both ends of the top surface unit are fixed with recesses for insertion with protrusions. The recesses extend along the width direction of the top surface unit.

7. A tenon-type expandable building unit with variable door and window positions according to claim 6, characterized in that: The gable component includes a triangular wall panel, and an outer eaves panel with the same V-shape as the top surface unit is fixed on the top of the wall panel. One side of the outer eaves panel has a protruding plate for inserting into the mortise of the top surface unit, and the other side of the outer eaves panel has a long groove for inserting the tenon of the top surface unit. The inner sides of both ends of the outer eaves panel are also fixed with recesses for interlocking with the protrusions.

8. A snap-fit ​​expandable building unit with variable door and window positions according to claim 1, characterized in that: The window unit includes an outer window frame that is inserted into the wall unit via a mortise and tenon structure, an inner window frame that is hinged inside the outer window frame, and glass that is built into the inner window frame. The inner window frame and the outer window frame are locked together by a window lock.

9. A tenon-type expandable building unit with variable door and window positions according to claim 1, characterized in that: The door unit includes a door frame that is inserted into the wall unit via a mortise and tenon structure, and two door panels are hinged inside the door frame and locked together by a door lock.

10. A method for assembling a tenon-and-mortise type expandable building unit with variable door and window positions, characterized in that, The method employs a mortise-and-tenon expandable building unit with variable door and window positions as described in any one of claims 1-9, and proceeds according to the following steps: First, assemble the exterior wall and select positions to embed window and door units using mortise and tenon joints. Then, place the assembled exterior wall units vertically and connect them using support columns. After completion, place support beams at both the upper and lower ends of the exterior wall and support column assembly and mortise them with the tenons of the exterior wall through grooves. Next, assemble the roof components and gable wall components, splicing multiple sets of roof units together. Then, insert eaves boards at both ends of the spliced ​​roof components to complete the roof assembly. Finally, connect the roof components to the support beams at the top of the lower exterior wall to complete the assembly.

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