An airborne telemetry data acquisition recording and transmission system and method

Abstract

The application discloses an airborne telemetry data acquisition, recording and transmission system and method, which comprises information acquisition and coding equipment, a Beidou receiver and a telemetry transmitter. The information acquisition and coding equipment comprises a main control module and audio and video acquisition modules, bus acquisition modules and discrete quantity acquisition modules which are integrated in the form of board cards. The main control module is connected with the audio and video acquisition modules, the bus acquisition modules and the discrete quantity acquisition modules respectively. The Beidou receiver is connected with the information acquisition and coding equipment. The telemetry transmitter is connected with the information acquisition and coding equipment. The application realizes high-precision synchronous acquisition, efficient compression, intelligent recording and reliable transmission of multi-source heterogeneous data, improves the integration, reliability and task adaptability of the system, realizes real-time monitoring of the state of an airplane, provides strong support for flight auxiliary command, evaluation and training guarantee, and finally improves the safety and efficiency of flight test, and breaks the dependence on foreign technology.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of airborne telemetry technology, and in particular to an airborne telemetry data acquisition, recording and transmission system and method. Background Technology

[0002] Currently, (1) the technical limitations and bandwidth bottlenecks of traditional airborne telemetry systems: Currently, the demand for airborne test parameters in flight tests has increased significantly. Under the condition of limited airborne telemetry bandwidth, the transmission of large amounts of data such as video faces challenges. Existing technologies are unable to achieve low-latency transmission while maintaining data quality, which affects the real-time performance of ground monitoring.

[0003] (2) Localization Challenges: Current airborne telemetry systems remain dependent on foreign technologies for both key hardware and basic software. This reliance may lead to supply chain risks and makes it difficult to meet the requirements of certain sectors for self-reliance, controllability, and high security.

[0004] (3) Insufficient system integration: Traditional airborne telemetry systems often employ separate devices, such as audio / video acquisition equipment, bus acquisition equipment, discrete quantity acquisition equipment, and main control equipment, interconnected via cables. This architecture suffers from problems such as large size and weight, complex connections, and high power consumption. It also requires significant installation space on the aircraft. Each separate device typically requires independent environmental and electromagnetic compatibility testing, increasing development costs and time.

[0005] (4) Insufficient task adaptability: In existing airborne telemetry systems, the functional configurations are fixed and cannot be flexibly adjusted according to mission requirements. Parameter scheduling is inflexible, the transmission mode is relatively simple, and it is difficult to cope with complex environments.

[0006] In summary, existing airborne telemetry data acquisition, recording, and transmission technologies suffer from multiple bottlenecks, including insufficient domestic production rate, low integration, and inadequate mission adaptability. These factors collectively restrict the ability of airborne telemetry systems to efficiently and reliably complete complex tasks during flight tests. Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop a fully domestically produced, highly integrated airborne telemetry data acquisition, recording, and transmission technology that conforms to new technological trends to solve the aforementioned problems and meet the growing application demands. Summary of the Invention

[0007] The purpose of this invention is to provide an airborne telemetry data acquisition, recording, and transmission system and method, which can build a fully domestically produced, highly integrated, safe, and reliable airborne telemetry data acquisition, recording, and transmission system.

[0008] The technical solution adopted in this invention is as follows: This invention improves the system's integration, reliability, and mission adaptability by acquiring, compressing, intelligently recording, and reliably transmitting multi-source heterogeneous data, such as head-up display video, high-definition audio and video, flight parameters, and aircraft platform data with high precision and synchronously. It enables real-time monitoring of aircraft status, provides strong support for flight auxiliary command, debriefing, and training support, and ultimately enhances the safety and effectiveness of flight tests, breaking the dependence on foreign technologies. Attached Figure Description

[0009] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0010] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the principle of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a schematic block diagram of the main control module described in this invention; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the audio and video acquisition module of the present invention. Figure 4 This is a diagram showing the device relationships of the present invention; Figure 5 This is a flowchart of the time slot allocation process of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0011] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0012] like Figure 1 , 2 As shown in Figures 3 and 4, the present invention includes an information acquisition and encoding device, a Beidou receiver, and a telemetry transmitter; The information acquisition and encoding device includes a main control module and an audio / video acquisition module, a bus acquisition module, and a discrete quantity acquisition module integrated in the form of a board. The main control module is connected to the audio and video acquisition module, the bus acquisition module and the discrete quantity module respectively. It is used to load task configuration parameters, perform system time synchronization, and schedule each acquisition module to perform data acquisition, packet assembly and transmission based on a high deterministic time slot allocation and scheduling scheme. The Beidou receiver is connected to the information acquisition and encoding device to provide a time synchronization reference; The telemetry transmitter is connected to the information acquisition and encoding device and is used to receive and transmit the encoded PCM data stream.

[0013] As an airborne telemetry system, safety and reliability are paramount considerations. The system's security risks primarily concern information security. Using non-independent and uncontrollable chips, operating systems, databases, and other information platforms could introduce pre-installed backdoors or contain unpredictable vulnerabilities, posing a risk to information security. Therefore, independent controllability is a prerequisite for the development of this system.

[0014] The highly deterministic time slot allocation and scheduling scheme includes: adopting centralized master control scheduling, wherein the master control module generates and distributes the time slot allocation table to each acquisition module; the time slot types defined in the time slot allocation table include time synchronization time slots, PCM time slots, BIT time slots, and storage data time slots; The timing slot has the highest priority and is used by the main control module to send timing data packets to each acquisition module. The PCM time slot has the second highest priority and is used by the main control module to send data acquisition instructions to each acquisition module and receive the selection parameter data returned by each acquisition module for PCM encoding. The BIT time slot has a lower priority than the PCM time slot and is used by the main control module to obtain the BIT self-test information of each acquisition module. Based on a global synchronization clock, all acquisition modules initiate data transmission within a preset time slot according to the time slot allocation table, and remain silent or in a receiving state in other time slots to achieve conflict-free deterministic transmission.

[0015] The storage data time slot has the lowest priority and is used by the main control module to query and read the stored data of each acquisition module during other time slot intervals.

[0016] The main control module and each acquisition module adopt a master-slave response-based data transmission mechanism; The main control module, as the main module, is used to initiate data status query commands in each cycle. Each acquisition module acts as a slave module, used to report data status in response to the data status query command, and to upload data according to the transmission command initiated by the master control module.

[0017] Each acquisition module has an independent data buffer for storing PCM selection parameters, stored data, and BIT self-test information. The main control module has an independent channel buffer corresponding to each acquisition module, which is used to temporarily buffer the data received from each acquisition module.

[0018] Table 1 High-determinism time slot allocation and scheduling techniques technology Implementation The effect achieved Centralized master control and scheduling The main control module generates a time slot allocation table and distributes it to each acquisition module. Unify and coordinate to eliminate conflicts Global synchronization clock Beidou + second pulse + hard logic circuit alignment High-precision time synchronization to avoid time slot drift Four types of time slot priorities Time synchronization > PCM > BIT > Storage Ensure the real-time performance of critical data Master-slave response mechanism Main module query, slave module response reporting Avoid data conflicts and improve reliability Independent buffer design Each module has its own independent PCM / BIT / storage buffer. Supports multi-channel parallel transmission The time synchronization reference is achieved in the following way: The Beidou receiver transmits positioning data and time information to the information acquisition and encoding device via an RS422 bus, and simultaneously sends a reference second pulse signal; The time code module of the information acquisition and encoding device is used to calculate the time information and uses hardware logic circuits to align the local second signal with the reference second pulse signal to complete time synchronization. Alternatively, the information acquisition and encoding device receives the IRIG-B (AC) time code signal released by the Beidou receiver, demodulates it to generate a second pulse signal and the current second time information, and uses hardware logic circuits to align the local second pulse with the parsed second pulse signal to complete time synchronization.

[0019] In practical applications, the airborne system uses domestically produced chips, the ground support equipment uses the Phytium FT-D2000 CPU, the operating system uses the domestically produced Galaxy Kylin operating system, and the software development platform uses QT Creator.

[0020] The main control module has a channel coding module inside, which supports flexible configuration of RS, LDPC and TPC coding formats.

[0021] The system has module-level BIT self-testing and system-level BIT self-testing functions; Each acquisition board is used to complete the module-level BIT self-test and transmit the self-test information to the main control module; The main control module is used to receive module-level BIT information and generate system-level BIT. When a self-test error is detected, it generates the corresponding fault code according to the error level and issues a fault alarm.

[0022] A method for airborne telemetry data acquisition, recording, and transmission based on the system includes the following steps: After the system is powered on, a globally unified clock is established through time synchronization between the Beidou receiver and the information collection and encoding equipment; The main control module loads and parses the pre-stored task configuration parameters, and configures each acquisition module according to the parsing results; Each acquisition module, according to its configuration parameters and under the scheduling of the main control module, performs data acquisition based on a highly deterministic time slot allocation and scheduling scheme, and transmits the acquired data to the main control module after being packaged by type. The main control module receives data from each acquisition module, selects, frames, and encodes the data according to the configuration parameters, and generates a PCM data stream. The main control module sends the PCM data stream to the telemetry transmitter, which then modulates, converts the frequency, and amplifies the power before radiating it into space through the antenna.

[0023] The airborne telemetry data acquisition, recording, and transmission system is an integrated airborne real-time system encompassing data acquisition, encoding, recording, and transmission. It consists of three independent devices: an information acquisition and encoding device, a BeiDou receiver, and a telemetry transmitter. The airborne equipment includes these three devices, along with a BeiDou receiving antenna, a telemetry transmitting antenna, and supporting cables. The airborne equipment connects to bus signals, analog signals, switching signals, and audio / video signals distributed across different locations on the aircraft via airborne cables. It acquires, records, and encodes these signals, enabling real-time acquisition and recording of various analog, switching, bus, and audio / video data during flight training. The encoded data is then transmitted to the ground for processing via a telemetry link. The airborne equipment employs a modular and miniaturized design. The audio / video acquisition module, bus acquisition module, discrete signal acquisition module, and main control module are integrated into the information acquisition and encoding device as boards. All devices are connected via signal cables, and the installation method utilizes rigid connections to meet the requirements of installation within the confined space of an airborne facility.

[0024] The airborne telemetry system is a time-division multiplexing (TDD) system based on hardware logic (FPGA) timing control, high-precision time synchronization, and data acquisition. To ensure strict time synchronization, the BeiDou receiver and other equipment, including the data acquisition and encoding devices, synchronize their times after power-on. Each module completes its operating parameter configuration, and the start time of data acquisition is controlled by the time code unit of the main control module. Each acquisition module repeatedly acquires data according to the set acquisition frequency; this process is implemented using FPGA hardware logic. Each acquisition module automatically selects parameters and assembles self-test data packets according to the set format, then transmits the packetized data to the main control module. The main control module then selects, frames, encodes, and stores the data according to the configured format.

[0025] After the data sent from each acquisition module enters the main control module, the main control module selects the data to be transmitted to the ground according to the format file configuration, frames it, and then sends it to the telemetry transmitter in PCM stream mode. The PCM stream output by the main control module is modulated, frequency converted, and power amplified by the telemetry transmitter before being radiated into space through the telemetry antenna. The ground telemetry equipment receives and demodulates the PCM data through the receiving antenna.

[0026] The following section mainly explains the system's working principle from aspects such as time synchronization, task configuration, data acquisition, and PCM data transmission. The working principles of the main modules are also introduced from the perspectives of the main control module and the audio / video acquisition module.

[0027] Time synchronization Time synchronization between the BeiDou receiver and other equipment, such as information acquisition and encoding devices, is achieved using a second pulse + time information method and an IRIG-B (AC) code method. The synchronization process is as follows: The Beidou receiver transmits positioning data and time information to the airborne acquisition and recording equipment via an RS422 bus, and simultaneously sends a reference second pulse signal to the information acquisition and encoding equipment. The time code module of the information acquisition and encoding equipment can calculate the time information and synchronize the local second signal with the reference second pulse signal. It uses hardware logic circuits to align the local time within the second with the reference second pulse signal, thus completing the time synchronization between the local second and the Beidou receiver. The information acquisition and encoding device receives the IRIG-B (AC) time code signal released by the Beidou receiver, demodulates the signal, generates a second pulse signal and the current second time information, and then uses hardware logic circuits to align the local second pulse with the parsed second pulse signal, updates the local clock time information, and completes the time synchronization between the information acquisition and encoding device and the Beidou receiver.

[0028] With time synchronization, each acquisition board maintains its own acquisition timing and operates according to a set rhythm, while the main control module manages the data acquisition and transmission tasks of all devices in the system. Time slot allocation and scheduling technology is a necessary technical guarantee for ensuring the accurate and reliable transmission of data to the designated destination within a specified time.

[0029] (1) Determinism priority: meet the real-time requirements of flight test data acquisition, eliminate bus access conflicts, and ensure that the communication delay and transmission cycle of each acquisition board are predictable and guaranteed.

[0030] (2) Guaranteed time slot pre-allocation: Fixed, periodic guaranteed time slots are allocated for critical data transmission to ensure absolute reliability of bandwidth and latency. For non-periodic, large-volume services (such as data storage), on-demand allocation is adopted according to task requirements.

[0031] (3) Priority-based resource guarantee: Based on the importance and real-time requirements of the data, the data stream is divided into multiple priorities. High-priority data streams not only receive fixed time slots, but also have the right to preempt or prioritize retransmission when the network is congested.

[0032] In airborne systems, the acquisition tasks of multiple acquisition boards are both independent and collaborative, and there are many data transmission paths. During the high-speed conversion of time slices, maximizing the utilization of time slots, increasing the effective bandwidth of data transmission, and ensuring the reliable transmission of instructions and data in the system are the technical challenges of time slot allocation and scheduling mechanisms.

[0033] Task Configuration The configuration data includes the acquisition module configuration parameters, PCM format grid parameters, etc., which are generated by the task macro configuration software and downloaded to the main control module in advance via the Ethernet interface.

[0034] This system supports storing multiple configuration parameters. After the system is powered on, the latest stored configuration parameters are used as the system's operating parameters by default. Users can select other configuration parameters online via network commands. After changing the configuration parameters, the system will automatically reinitialize. After initialization, the system will automatically complete the task according to the changed configuration parameters.

[0035] The loading process of configuration parameters after power-on: After the system powers on, each device performs a self-test. The main control module reads the self-test status of each device channel by channel and generates the system topology. After the system topology is generated, the main control module reads the stored configuration parameters, parses each parameter, and sends them to each device in the system according to the topology. Each device completes the function configuration according to the parameters and sends back the configuration status. The main control module generates a power-on self-test BIT based on the configuration status returned by each device and stores it in the recording disk.

[0036] After configuration, the main control module sends a start command, and each acquisition module begins to execute telemetry tasks under the scheduling of the main control module according to the configuration parameters.

[0037] Data collection After the task is started, each acquisition module automatically collects various types of data according to the configuration parameters, and automatically packages the three types of data—stored data, PCM selection parameters, and BIT self-test data—according to the data format, and transmits the three types of data to the main control module.

[0038] Stored data refers to all the data collected by each acquisition module. The data collected by each acquisition module is predefined in a fixed packet format. During the telemetry process, the acquisition module automatically completes the packetization of telemetry data according to the packet format. The packet format contains basic information such as module number, slot number, board type, and channel number, providing necessary information support for subsequent data processing.

[0039] PCM selection parameters refer to the parameters selected by each acquisition module. These parameters need to be inserted into the PCM frame for real-time telemetry downlink. During the task, each acquisition module automatically selects its own PCM parameters from the acquired data according to the configuration parameters, generates a PCM selection parameter package, and sends the selected parameters to the main control module.

[0040] BIT self-test data is the self-test data generated periodically by each module, including module BIT and system BIT. Since the amount of BIT self-test data is relatively small, BIT data and PCM selection parameters are framed together and transmitted from each acquisition module to the main control module.

[0041] PCM data transmission During the mission, each acquisition module automatically assembles the PCM selection parameters and transmits them to the main control module. The main control module, based on the PCM format grid, inserts the PCM selection parameters sent by each acquisition module into the corresponding positions of the PCM frame, generates a PCM data frame, encodes it according to the set encoding format, and then sends it to the telemetry transmitter as a serial PCM bitstream.

[0042] The telemetry transmitter receives the PCM stream, modulates it according to the system set in the mission configuration, amplifies the power, and then radiates it into space through the telemetry antenna.

[0043] Main control module The main control module, as the core control center of the system, is responsible for loading the mission macros of the airborne telemetry system, configuring the acquisition system, system timing, data transmission control, PCM encoding, and data storage.

[0044] (1) Loading task macro settings The main control module uses onboard FLASH to store configuration parameters. After each power-on self-test, the main control module reads the task macro configuration parameters from the FLASH and completes the distribution of the task configuration parameters. Other devices initialize and collect data according to the distributed configuration parameters. (2) System time synchronization The time code unit supports GPS, BeiDou, and other reception and decoding functions, and can complete the time synchronization for the main control module after decoding. The main control module prioritizes using the time code module for time synchronization. When no external time code source is available, it uses its own second clock as the time code source, and automatically selects the time code source according to the system status. After the main control module completes time synchronization, it synchronizes the time of each module through the internal high-speed bus.

[0045] (3) System information storage, recording, selection, PCM framing output The main control device uses a SATA chip as the storage medium, achieving an actual storage speed of over 200MB / s. Each acquisition module selects the data to be acquired according to the task configuration parameters and transmits it to the main control module. The main control module obtains the acquired data from each acquisition module through an internal high-speed bus. The PCM framing and encoding module can select parameters, frame, encode, and output the data according to the configured grid.

[0046] (4) Flexible configuration of channel coding format The PCM framing coding unit has an internal channel coding module that supports RS, LDPC, and TPC coding. The coding format can be flexibly configured according to the task configuration parameters.

[0047] (5) Equipment self-test and fault alarm The main control module is designed with system-level BIT self-test and module-level BIT self-test modules. Each acquisition board has a module-level BIT self-test module. The BIT self-test has three modes: power-on self-test, periodic self-test, and maintenance self-test. Each acquisition board completes its module-level self-test and stores the self-test information in the BIT data buffer before transmitting it to the main control module. After receiving the module-level BIT information, the main control module organizes the information to generate a system-level BIT. When a self-test error occurs, it generates a corresponding fault code based on the error level and issues a fault alarm.

[0048] Audio and video capture module It acquires and compresses video from the head-up display and signals from the onboard high-definition network camera in real time. At the same time, it receives timecode and configuration information from the backplane bus, embeds timecode information into the video compression stream, and then sends it to the high-speed GTX bus.

[0049] After the device is powered on, the audio / video acquisition board receives the task parameter information sent by the main control board and initializes the encoding / decoding module and peripherals. After the audio / video acquisition board completes the initialization configuration, it receives PAL video and high-definition camera video signals in real time, performs analog-to-digital conversion on them, and outputs the converted digital video signal to the video compression encoding module.

[0050] After receiving the synchronization acquisition command, the compression encoding module begins receiving video data and performs compression encoding on the video using the H.264 / H.265 algorithm. The compressed data is then encapsulated to form a low-bandwidth compressed video stream suitable for transmission. The video compression encoding module reads the buffer space information of the communication module. If the buffer space is sufficient, it sends the compressed video stream to the communication module; otherwise, it is buffered in the local compression module. The communication module buffers the data and sends it to the main control board via GTX. After framing by the main control board, the data is output by the communication processing board.

[0051] The audio and video capture board has self-test and recovery functions. When an abnormality occurs during startup or during the capture and compression process, the monitoring thread performs corresponding abnormality handling according to the type of abnormality.

[0052] Highly deterministic time slot allocation and scheduling scheme For highly integrated and modular airborne telemetry equipment, time slot allocation and scheduling methods, as its core communication scheduling technology, solve the problem of resource contention among multiple acquisition nodes on a shared high-speed backplane bus, ensuring that the internal data flow of the system has high determinism, low latency and high reliability, thereby providing stable and orderly data services for upper-layer applications.

[0053] This system employs a variety of technical methods, such as Figure 5As shown, this application designs an efficient and reliable time slot scheduling mechanism. The system uses a fixed time period as the basic scheduling unit. It consists of a series of fixed-length guaranteed time slots pre-allocated to each acquisition board. Specific measures are as follows: (1) Centralized master control scheduling: The master control module acts as the "scheduler". During system initialization or reconstruction, it generates and distributes the "Time Slot Allocation Table" to all acquisition boards according to task requirements. All acquisition boards strictly start data transmission within their own preset time slots according to the globally unified "Time Slot Allocation Table", and remain silent or in the receiving state in other time slots, thereby achieving conflict-free deterministic transmission.

[0054] (2) High-precision synchronization mechanism: This is the basis for the accurate execution of the time slot scheme. The system uses a global synchronization clock signal, and all boards are based on the time code source to achieve time synchronization, ensuring that each node has a highly consistent understanding of the "superframe" start point and its own time slot start point, avoiding time slot drift or overlap.

[0055] (3) Flexibility and configurability: The Time Slot Allocation Table can be configured and updated via software. When a task changes, the main control module can issue a new allocation table, thereby reconstructing the system's communication strategy and enhancing task adaptability.

[0056] Data transmission time slots are arranged according to the PCM frame period. The time slot interval can be configured in the task macro. The main control module automatically generates a "Time Slot Allocation Table" based on the task macro and allocates time slots on demand according to task requirements. There are four types of time slots: PCM time slots, time synchronization time slots, BIT time slots, and storage data time slots. The timing slot has the highest priority and is initiated by the falling edge of the second pulse. The main control module sends timing data packets to each acquisition board. The data packets include information such as seconds, nanoseconds, and path delay. After receiving the data packets, the acquisition boards complete local time synchronization based on the second pulse and delay information.

[0057] PCM time slots have the second highest priority, only lower than time synchronization time slots. PCM framing begins when the main control module sends data acquisition commands (derived from the task decomposition macro) to each acquisition board. The command parameters include the selection parameter position and length. The acquisition boards send the selected data to the main control module according to the command. After receiving the data, the main control module performs PCM encoding and transmission.

[0058] The BIT time slot has a lower priority than the timing time slot and the PCM time slot. The main control module sends a read BIT command to each acquisition board. After receiving the command, the acquisition board sends back the BIT information. The main control module then generates the system BIT. The system BIT can be inserted as a parameter into the PCM data frame for real-time download or stored in the data recording disk.

[0059] The data storage time slot has the lowest priority and is executed in other time slot intervals, with a minimum support of 4µs. In each time slot, the master control module sends a data query command to the acquisition module, and the acquisition module sends back the data status. When the acquisition module has acquired data, the master control module starts the reading operation; when the acquisition module has no acquired data, the time slot is skipped.

[0060] This technology uses a high-speed serial bus for instruction and data transmission. Each acquisition board has an independent transmission channel. Each time slice can transmit instructions and data in a single module or in parallel by multiple modules. The transmission efficiency and time slot utilization are significantly improved compared to earlier equipment.

[0061] Each acquisition board has different data buffers for storing different types of data, such as PCM selection parameter buffers, storage data buffers, and BIT information buffers. The main control module has independent PCM, BIT, and storage data buffers for each channel, which are used for temporary buffering of data from each acquisition board. When data needs to be transmitted, the main control module sends instructions to each acquisition board, and the acquisition board automatically transfers the corresponding data from its data buffer to the channel buffer of the main control module. Each channel works independently, so they can transmit simultaneously.

[0062] A master-slave response-based data transmission mechanism is adopted, with the master control module acting as the master module for data transmission and each acquisition board acting as a slave module. Within each cycle, the master module initiates a data status query command, the slave modules report their data status, and the master module then initiates a data transmission command, prompting the slave modules to upload the data.

[0063] The timing data is sent directly by the master module, without needing to query the data status of the slave module; For PCM data and BIT data, the transmission can be completed within one time period; For stored data, the master module continuously queries the data status of the slave module in the remaining time slots after completing time synchronization, PCM, and BIT data transmission. When the slave module's data is ready, it can immediately initiate data transmission, avoiding data loss caused by data buffer overflow in the slave module.

[0064] Because of the master-slave response data transmission mechanism, each time slot is effectively utilized, avoiding the situation where large data acquisition boards occupy a large number of long time slots, and effectively solving the limitation caused by time slot allocation on user PCM frame format weaving.

[0065] This invention completely avoids bus collisions: through strict time-slot isolation, data collisions are fundamentally eliminated, ensuring 100% reliability of communication under full load and guaranteeing reliable transmission on the wireless channel. It achieves determinism and low latency: the latency of critical data is strictly limited within the window of its respective time slot, providing guaranteed bandwidth and extremely low deterministic latency for critical task data, meeting real-time requirements. It maximizes bandwidth utilization: while ensuring the basic load of critical data, it also ensures that network resources can be allocated on demand, avoiding the waste of idle time slots caused by fixed allocation, allowing bus throughput to approach its theoretical limit. It supports high-performance data fusion: it provides time-aligned multi-source data streams for upper-layer applications, laying a solid foundation for advanced analysis and monitoring based on multi-sensor data fusion.

[0066] In summary, this highly deterministic time slot allocation and scheduling technology is key to unlocking the performance potential of highly integrated airborne telemetry equipment. It transforms physical high integration into a logically highly ordered and efficiently collaborative organic whole, serving as the core communication foundation for ensuring the system's high reliability, high real-time performance, and high-performance operation.

[0067] This invention enhances the efficiency and safety of flight testing, providing ground command personnel with more comprehensive, real-time, and intuitive aircraft status information, including high-precision audio and video, head-up display video, and flight parameter data. The efficient airborne telemetry system significantly improves the ability to predict and handle special situations, providing scientific and accurate test data for the testing, evaluation, and training support of aviation equipment. It offers crucial information and decision support for the preliminary investigation and safety assurance of equipment testing, thereby shortening the equipment development cycle, reducing testing risks, and ultimately improving the safety and efficiency of flight testing, as well as enhancing the efficiency and safety level of teaching and training.

[0068] This invention successfully breaks the long-standing reliance on imports for key equipment and the dependence on foreign core technologies in the field of flight test telemetry systems for aviation equipment in my country. Through independent research and development, it achieves the localization of airborne telemetry data acquisition and recording system equipment. It establishes an independent, controllable, safe, and reliable aviation equipment test telemetry capability, effectively safeguarding national aviation strategic security and industrial security. This invention possesses mission parameter configuration capabilities, flexibly configuring the parameters required for the mission according to the mission requirements. Acquisition parameters, transmission parameters, and storage parameters can all be flexibly scheduled adaptively. Simultaneously, by utilizing highly deterministic time slot allocation technology, it can effectively alleviate the technical bottlenecks caused by the limited bandwidth and storage resources of airborne equipment, thereby improving the utilization efficiency of data links and storage space, and enhancing system energy efficiency.

[0069] This system boasts strong environmental and electromagnetic compatibility adaptability and reliability. Its design enables it to withstand a wide operating temperature range from -55℃ to 70℃ and has undergone rigorous testing to ensure stable operation in harsh environments such as high and low temperatures, vibration, shock, acceleration, low air pressure, humidity, mold, and salt spray. It has also passed various electromagnetic compatibility and power supply characteristic tests, which are crucial for maintaining system stability in complex and demanding airborne environments. The system can perform real-time self-checks, enabling fault identification and alarms, thus improving maintainability and mission success rate.

[0070] This invention integrates multiple independent devices, such as audio and video acquisition devices, bus acquisition devices, discrete quantity acquisition devices, and main control devices, into a miniaturized chassis as board modules. This effectively reduces the size, weight, and connection complexity of the airborne telemetry system, achieves system miniaturization design within the limited installation space of the aircraft, reduces the risk of failure and transmission delay in harsh airborne environments, and improves system reliability and real-time performance.

[0071] This invention effectively reduces the cost of purchasing expensive foreign equipment through domestic substitution, avoiding the risk of being dependent on others for later maintenance and upgrades, and lowering construction and operating costs. Simultaneously, the highly integrated design integrates disparate equipment onto a single platform, not only reducing initial setup costs, but its platform-based, modular, and flexible architecture supports rapid deployment and upgrades, effectively reducing the overall cost of later system updates and iterations. This technological achievement possesses strong scalability; its maturity and application can drive the development of the aerial telemetry and UAV industry chain, promoting industrial transformation and upgrading. With the low-altitude economy considered a trillion-dollar blue ocean market, advanced airborne telemetry data technology can serve as technical support, and its development will spur more innovative applications, injecting new impetus into economic growth.

[0072] Application Example—A Domestically Produced Airborne Telemetry Data Acquisition, Recording, and Transmission System Following preliminary demonstration and design development, a domestically produced airborne telemetry data acquisition, recording, and transmission system, adopting a fully domestically designed architecture, has completed functional performance tests, environmental tests including low temperature (operating), high temperature (operating), low temperature (storage), high temperature (storage), low air pressure, temperature-altitude, functional vibration, durability vibration, acceleration performance, acceleration structure, temperature shock, shock, rain, damp heat, mold, and salt spray, electromagnetic compatibility tests including 10 items (CE101, CE102, CE106, CS101, CS106, CS114, CS115, CS116, RE102, RS103), and power characteristic tests including voltage spikes, normal operation of the power supply system (including normal voltage transients), abnormal operation of the power supply system (including abnormal overvoltage transients and abnormal undervoltage transients), and power interruption (switching operation).

[0073] The successful development and application of this airborne telemetry system has yielded significant practical benefits. It has been successfully applied to flight test missions of a certain type of aircraft, where the system randomly completed flight tests on subjects including engine, night flight, flutter, transponder, radar, embedded training, missile simulated attack, cannon, unguided weapon simulated attack, training missile ground attack function, rocket ground attack function, and rocket ground attack accuracy. Test results show that this domestically produced airborne telemetry data acquisition, recording, and transmission system fully meets application requirements, fully leveraging its advantages of independent controllability, mission access, and flexible configuration to improve flight test efficiency and alleviate bandwidth bottlenecks. It achieves synergistic optimization between the high reliability design of airborne equipment and the complex multiphysics airborne environment, providing crucial data support for the testing and verification of complex systems, effectively ensuring the smooth progress of major projects, and laying a technical foundation for subsequent related work.

[0074] As shown in Figure 4, this invention only describes airborne telemetry equipment. The airborne telemetry information sources shown in the dashed boxes belong to other airborne equipment, providing various multi-source data information for the airborne telemetry equipment. The ground support equipment is a supporting product, providing support for the real-time detection and post-processing functions of the airborne telemetry equipment.

[0075] The present invention achieves the following technical effects: (1) High reliability and elimination of bus collisions: strict time slot isolation fundamentally eliminates data collisions. 100% communication reliability: ensures reliable data transmission under full load. Deterministic low latency: the latency of critical data is strictly limited within its respective time slot window.

[0076] (2) High integration, modular board integration: audio and video, bus, discrete quantity acquisition module are integrated into one chassis.

[0077] Miniaturized design: Reduces size, weight, and connection complexity. Reduced failure risk: Simplifies installation and reduces transmission latency.

[0078] (3) Fully domestically produced and independently controllable: Get rid of dependence on foreign technology. Safe and reliable: Eliminate the risk of "backdoors" and vulnerabilities.

[0079] Reduce costs: Avoid purchasing expensive foreign equipment.

[0080] (4) High task adaptability and configurable time slot table: It can be updated through software configuration to adapt to different tasks. Flexible parameter configuration: The acquisition / transmission / storage parameters can be flexibly scheduled.

[0081] On-demand allocation: Non-periodic data is allocated on demand.

[0082] (5) High-efficiency data transmission, maximizing bandwidth utilization: avoiding idle waste caused by fixed allocation. High-speed serial bus: supports parallel transmission of multiple modules.

[0083] Independent channels: Each channel operates independently and transmits data simultaneously.

[0084] (6) High environmental adaptability, wide temperature range operation: -55℃ to 70℃. Passed rigorous tests: high and low temperature, vibration, shock, salt spray, mold, damp heat, electromagnetic compatibility, etc.

[0085] (7) System self-test capability, module-level + system-level BIT self-test. Real-time fault identification and alarm, improving maintainability.

[0086] In the description of this invention, it should be noted that for directional terms, such as "center," "lateral," and "vertical," the appropriate terms may be used. The directions and positional relationships indicated by symbols such as "direction", "length", "width", "thickness", "up", "down", "front", "back", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", "clockwise", and "counterclockwise" are based on the directions or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings and are only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description. They are not intended to indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and should not be construed as limiting the specific protection scope of the present invention.

[0087] It should be noted that the terms "comprising" and "having" and any variations thereof in the specification and claims of this application are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion. For example, a process, method, system, product, or device that includes a series of steps or units is not necessarily limited to those steps or units that are explicitly listed, but may include other steps or units that are not explicitly listed or that are inherent to such process, method, product, or device.

[0088] Note that the above description is merely a preferred embodiment and application of the technical principles of the present invention. Those skilled in the art will understand that the present invention is not limited to the specific embodiments described herein, and various obvious changes, readjustments, and substitutions can be made without departing from the scope of protection of the present invention. Therefore, although the present invention has been described in detail through the above embodiments, the present invention is not limited to the specific embodiments described herein, and may include many other effective embodiments without departing from the concept of the present invention. The scope of the present invention is determined by the scope of the appended claims.

Claims

1. An airborne telemetry data acquisition, recording, and transmission system, characterized in that, include: Information collection and encoding equipment, BeiDou receivers, and telemetry transmitters; The information acquisition and encoding device includes a main control module and an audio / video acquisition module, a bus acquisition module, and a discrete quantity acquisition module integrated in the form of a board. The main control module is connected to the audio and video acquisition module, the bus acquisition module and the discrete quantity acquisition module respectively. It is used to load task configuration parameters, perform system time synchronization, and schedule each acquisition module to perform data acquisition, packet assembly and transmission based on a high deterministic time slot allocation and scheduling scheme. The Beidou receiver is connected to the information acquisition and encoding device to provide a time synchronization reference; The telemetry transmitter is connected to the information acquisition and encoding device and is used to receive and transmit the encoded PCM data stream.

2. The airborne telemetry data acquisition, recording, and transmission system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The highly deterministic time slot allocation and scheduling scheme includes: A centralized master control scheduling is adopted, in which the master control module generates and distributes the time slot allocation table to each acquisition module; Based on a global synchronization clock, all acquisition modules initiate data transmission within a preset time slot according to the time slot allocation table, and remain silent or in a receiving state in other time slots to achieve conflict-free deterministic transmission.

3. The airborne telemetry data acquisition, recording, and transmission system according to claim 2, characterized in that, The time slot types defined in the time slot allocation table include time synchronization time slots, PCM time slots, BIT time slots, and storage data time slots; The timing slot has the highest priority and is used by the main control module to send timing data packets to each acquisition module. The PCM time slot has the second highest priority and is used by the main control module to send data acquisition instructions to each acquisition module and receive the selection parameter data returned by each acquisition module for PCM encoding. The BIT time slot has a lower priority than the PCM time slot and is used by the main control module to obtain the BIT self-test information of each acquisition module. The storage data time slot has the lowest priority and is used by the main control module to query and read the stored data of each acquisition module during other time slot intervals.

4. The airborne telemetry data acquisition, recording, and transmission system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The main control module and each acquisition module adopt a master-slave response-based data transmission mechanism; The main control module, as the main module, is used to initiate data status query commands in each cycle. Each acquisition module acts as a slave module, used to report data status in response to the data status query command, and to upload data according to the transmission command initiated by the master control module.

5. The airborne telemetry data acquisition, recording, and transmission system according to claim 4, characterized in that, Each acquisition module has an independent data buffer for storing PCM selection parameters, stored data, and BIT self-test information. The main control module has an independent channel buffer corresponding to each acquisition module, which is used to temporarily buffer the data received from each acquisition module.

6. The airborne telemetry data acquisition, recording, and transmission system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The time synchronization reference is achieved in the following way: The Beidou receiver transmits positioning data and time information to the information acquisition and encoding device via an RS422 bus, and simultaneously sends a reference second pulse signal; The time code module of the information acquisition and encoding device is used to calculate the time information and uses hardware logic circuits to align the local second signal with the reference second pulse signal to complete time synchronization. Alternatively, the information acquisition and encoding device receives the IRIG-B (AC) time code signal released by the Beidou receiver, demodulates it to generate a second pulse signal and the current second time information, and uses hardware logic circuits to align the local second pulse with the parsed second pulse signal to complete time synchronization.

7. The airborne telemetry data acquisition, recording, and transmission system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The system adopts a fully domestically produced platform; Its ground support equipment is equipped with a Phytium FT-D2000 CPU, a domestically produced Galaxy Kylin operating system, and a QT Creator software development platform.

8. The airborne telemetry data acquisition, recording, and transmission system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The main control module has a channel coding module inside, which supports flexible configuration of RS, LDPC and TPC coding formats.

9. The airborne telemetry data acquisition, recording, and transmission system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The system has module-level BIT self-testing and system-level BIT self-testing functions; Each acquisition board is used to complete the module-level BIT self-test and transmit the self-test information to the main control module; The main control module is used to receive module-level BIT information and generate system-level BIT. When a self-test error is detected, it generates the corresponding fault code according to the error level and issues a fault alarm.

10. A method for airborne telemetry data acquisition, recording, and transmission based on the system described in any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: After the system is powered on, a globally unified clock is established through time synchronization between the Beidou receiver and the information collection and encoding equipment; The main control module loads and parses the pre-stored task configuration parameters, and configures each acquisition module according to the parsing results; Each acquisition module, according to its configuration parameters and under the scheduling of the main control module, performs data acquisition based on a highly deterministic time slot allocation and scheduling scheme, and transmits the acquired data to the main control module after being packaged by type. The main control module receives data from each acquisition module, selects, frames, and encodes the data according to the configuration parameters, and generates a PCM data stream. The main control module sends the PCM data stream to the telemetry transmitter, which then modulates, converts the frequency, and amplifies the power before radiating it into space through the antenna.

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