Multi-mode adaptive power switching system and method

Abstract

The application discloses a multi-mode adaptive power switching system and method, and relates to the technical field of power switching, wherein the power switching system comprises a plurality of power input ends, each of which is configured to be connected to a power supply with different power supply sources; the method comprises the following steps: in the case that any power input end is connected to a power supply, acquiring the electrical parameters of the power signal input by the power input end; comparing the acquired electrical parameters with the preset safety parameter interval of the corresponding power input end, wherein each power input end is configured with a corresponding preset safety parameter interval; in the case that the acquired electrical parameters are not within the preset safety parameter interval of the corresponding power input end, controlling the disconnection of the path between the corresponding power input end and the target load. The application aims to improve the working stability of the power switching system.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of power switching technology, and in particular to a multi-mode adaptive power switching system and method. Background Technology

[0002] Power switching systems can be applied to various power supply devices, such as power distribution equipment. These systems are used to protect the power received from multiple input terminals in a power supply device from power outages. However, in practical applications, existing power switching systems suffer from low accuracy in triggering power outage protection mechanisms, frequently triggering unnecessary power outages and exhibiting low operational stability. Summary of the Invention

[0003] The main objective of this application is to propose a multi-mode adaptive power switching system and method, which aims to reduce the false triggering of power failure protection in the power switching system and improve its operational stability.

[0004] To achieve the above objectives, this application provides a multi-mode adaptive power switching method applied to a power switching system. The power switching system includes multiple power input terminals, each configured to connect to a different power supply. The multi-mode adaptive power switching method includes:

[0005] Based on the power supply to be connected configured at each power input terminal, a preset safety parameter range corresponding to each power input terminal is generated. The generated preset safety parameter range is paired with the corresponding power input terminal to establish a unique mapping relationship between the power input terminal and the preset safety parameter range; When power is detected to be connected at any power input terminal, the electrical parameters of the power signal input at that power input terminal are obtained. If the acquired electrical parameters are not within the preset safety parameter range of the corresponding power input terminal, the connection between the corresponding power input terminal and the target load will be disconnected.

[0006] In one embodiment, after disconnecting the path between the corresponding power input terminal and the target load when the acquired electrical parameters are not within the preset safety parameter range of the corresponding power input terminal, the multi-mode adaptive power switching method further includes: When the path between any power input terminal and the target load is disconnected, obtain the electrical parameters of the power signal input at that power input terminal; If the acquired electrical parameters meet the preset restoration closing conditions of the power input terminal, the path between the power input terminal and the target load is re-opened.

[0007] In one embodiment, after pairing the generated preset safety parameter range with the corresponding power input terminal to establish a unique mapping relationship between the power input terminal and the preset safety parameter range, the multi-mode adaptive power switching method further includes: Determine the maximum value of the preset safety parameter range corresponding to each power input terminal, and subtract the first parameter hysteresis value from each of the maximum values ​​to obtain the upper limit threshold of the preset recovery closure condition corresponding to each power input terminal; Determine the minimum value of the preset safety parameter range corresponding to each power input terminal, and add the second parameter hysteresis value to each minimum value to obtain the lower limit threshold of the preset recovery closure condition corresponding to each power input terminal.

[0008] In one embodiment, generating a preset safety parameter range corresponding to each power input terminal based on the power supply to be connected configured at each power input terminal includes: The target power supply type at the power input terminal is determined to be AC ​​power input, and a preset safety parameter range of AC380V±20% and frequency reference value of 50Hz±7% is generated. The target power supply type at the power input terminal is determined to be parking power take-off input, and a preset safety parameter range of voltage reference value AC380V±13% and frequency reference value 50Hz±7% is generated. The target power supply type at the power input terminal is determined to be vehicle power take-off input, and a preset safety parameter range of AC220V±13% and frequency reference value of 50Hz±7% is generated. The target power supply type at the power input terminal is determined to be a diesel generator input, and a preset safety parameter range of AC220V±13% voltage reference value and 50Hz±7% frequency reference value is generated.

[0009] In one embodiment, the electrical parameters include a current value, and the preset safety parameter range includes a preset safety current range consisting of a lower current threshold and a higher current threshold. The step of disconnecting the path between the corresponding power input terminal and the target load when the acquired electrical parameters are not within the preset safety parameter range of the corresponding power input terminal includes: If the current value in the acquired electrical parameters is determined to be higher than the upper current threshold of the corresponding power input terminal, the circuit is controlled to be disconnected. If the current value in the acquired electrical parameters is determined to be lower than the lower current limit threshold of the corresponding power input terminal, the circuit is controlled to be disconnected.

[0010] In one embodiment, the electrical parameters include voltage values, and the preset safety parameter range includes a preset safety voltage range consisting of a lower voltage threshold and an upper voltage threshold. The step of disconnecting the path between the corresponding power input terminal and the target load when the acquired electrical parameters are not within the preset safety parameter range of the corresponding power input terminal includes: If the voltage value in the acquired electrical parameters is determined to be higher than the upper voltage threshold of the corresponding power input terminal, the circuit is controlled to be disconnected. If the voltage value in the acquired electrical parameters is determined to be lower than the corresponding lower voltage threshold of the power input terminal, the circuit is controlled to be disconnected.

[0011] In one embodiment, the electrical parameters include an input frequency value, and the preset safety parameter range includes a preset safe input frequency range consisting of a lower frequency threshold and a higher frequency threshold. The step of disconnecting the path between the corresponding power input terminal and the target load when the acquired electrical parameters are not within the preset safety parameter range of the corresponding power input terminal includes: If the input frequency value in the acquired electrical parameters is determined to be higher than the upper frequency threshold of the corresponding power input terminal, the path is controlled to be disconnected. If the input frequency value in the acquired electrical parameters is determined to be lower than the corresponding lower frequency threshold of the power input terminal, the control circuit is disconnected.

[0012] In one embodiment, the power switching system is integrated into the power distribution equipment, and the multi-mode adaptive power switching method further includes: Obtain the leakage current value of the power distribution equipment and the leakage voltage value between the safety ground and the detection ground; If the obtained leakage current value is determined to be higher than the preset leakage current threshold, the path between multiple power input terminals and the target load is disconnected. If the obtained leakage voltage value is determined to be higher than the preset leakage voltage threshold, the path between multiple power input terminals and the target load is disconnected.

[0013] This application also provides a multi-mode adaptive power switching system, the multi-mode adaptive power switching system comprising: Multiple power input terminals, each of which is configured to be connected to a different power supply; A control device for implementing the multi-mode adaptive power switching method as described above.

[0014] In one embodiment, the multi-mode adaptive power switching system is applied to the vehicle's power distribution equipment, and the vehicle's power supply includes at least one of a mains power input module, a parking power take-off module, a driving power take-off module, and a diesel generator module. The multi-mode adaptive power switching system has multiple power input terminals for one-to-one access to the vehicle's power supply to power at least one target load.

[0015] As can be seen from the above, the multi-mode adaptive power switching system and method provided in this application, by customizing a preset safety parameter range for each power input terminal and establishing a unique mapping relationship, accurately controls the path to disconnect based on electrical parameters when power is detected, effectively solving the problem of insufficient triggering accuracy of the protection mechanism. It has the advantages of improving the accuracy of the protection mechanism, reducing false alarms and false alarms, and improving the working stability of the power switching system. Attached Figure Description

[0016] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of this application or the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of this application. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on the structures shown in these drawings without creative effort.

[0017] Figure 1 A flowchart of the first embodiment of the multi-mode adaptive power switching method provided in this application; Figure 2 A flowchart of a second embodiment of the multi-mode adaptive power switching method provided in this application; Figure 3 A flowchart of the third embodiment of the multi-mode adaptive power switching method provided in this application; Figure 4 A flowchart of the fourth embodiment of the multi-mode adaptive power switching method provided in this application; Figure 5 A flowchart of the fifth embodiment of the multi-mode adaptive power switching method provided in this application; Figure 6 A flowchart of the sixth embodiment of the multi-mode adaptive power switching method provided in this application; Figure 7 A flowchart of the seventh embodiment of the multi-mode adaptive power switching method provided in this application.

[0018] The realization of the purpose, functional features and advantages of this application will be further explained in conjunction with the embodiments and with reference to the accompanying drawings. Detailed Implementation

[0019] The technical solutions of the embodiments of this application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of this application, and not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of this application, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of this application.

[0020] Furthermore, if the embodiments of this application involve descriptions such as "first" or "second," these descriptions are for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying their relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of technical features indicated. Therefore, a feature defined with "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one of those features. Additionally, the use of "and / or" or "and / or" throughout the text includes three parallel solutions. For example, "A and / or B" includes solution A, solution B, or a solution that simultaneously satisfies A and B. Furthermore, the technical solutions of the various embodiments can be combined with each other, but this must be based on the ability of those skilled in the art to implement them. When the combination of technical solutions is contradictory or impossible to implement, it should be considered that such a combination of technical solutions does not exist and is not within the scope of protection claimed in this application.

[0021] It should be noted that step designations such as S100 and S200 are used in this document for the purpose of more clearly and concisely describing the corresponding content, and do not constitute a substantial limitation on the order. Those skilled in the art may execute S200 first and then S100 in specific implementation, but these should all be within the protection scope of this invention.

[0022] For example, the power switching system can be integrated into the power distribution equipment, which can undertake core energy management functions in scenarios such as special vehicles, mobile cabins and industrial sites. Its main function is to collect and distribute various input power sources with different properties, such as mains power, diesel generators, parking power take-off, and driving power take-off, to ensure that various electrical loads receive a stable power supply, while performing tasks such as voltage monitoring and circuit protection.

[0023] However, in practical applications, existing power switching systems have power outage protection mechanisms, but these mechanisms have low trigger accuracy and frequently trigger unnecessary power outage protection, which seriously affects the operational stability of the entire power supply system.

[0024] To improve the operational stability of the entire power supply system, this application provides a multi-mode adaptive power switching method applied to a power switching system. The power switching system includes multiple power input terminals, each of which is configured to connect to a different power supply.

[0025] In one embodiment, such as Figure 1 As shown, the multi-mode adaptive power switching method includes steps S100 to S400.

[0026] In this embodiment, step S100 involves generating a preset safety parameter range corresponding to each power input terminal based on the power supply to be connected configured for each power input terminal.

[0027] In this embodiment, step S200 involves pairing the generated preset safety parameter range with the corresponding power input terminal to establish a unique mapping relationship between the power input terminal and the preset safety parameter range.

[0028] In this embodiment, step S300 involves obtaining the electrical parameters of the power signal input to any power input terminal when power is detected to be connected to any power input terminal.

[0029] In this embodiment, in step S400, if the acquired electrical parameters are not within the preset safety parameter range of the corresponding power input terminal, the path between the corresponding power input terminal and the target load is disconnected.

[0030] For ease of understanding, some terms in this embodiment are explained below: A power switching system can be a power system used to receive, distribute, control, and protect electrical energy. It can be applied in power distribution equipment. The power switching system includes multiple power input terminals, can connect to different types of power sources, and distribute electrical energy to one or more target loads.

[0031] The power input terminal is the physical interface on the power switching system used to connect to an external power source. Each power input terminal can be configured to connect to a specific type of power source, which may include mains power, generator power, and onboard power take-off (PTO).

[0032] The preset safety parameter range refers to the range of electrical parameter thresholds pre-set for each power input terminal to determine whether the connected power signal is within the safe operating range. This preset safety parameter range is customized based on the type of power supply configured for the power input terminal.

[0033] Electrical parameters refer to the various electrical characteristics of a power supply signal, such as voltage, current, and frequency. These parameters are used to evaluate the quality and safety of the power supply signal.

[0034] The target load refers to the electrical equipment or system powered by the power switching system.

[0035] A path is an electrical connection between a power input terminal and a target load used to transfer electrical energy. This path can be turned on or off by a control device.

[0036] This embodiment provides a multi-mode adaptive power switching method. The power switching system is designed to include multiple power input terminals, each configured to connect to different types of power sources. For example, one power input terminal can be designated for connecting to mains power, while another power input terminal can be designated for connecting to generator power. This configuration allows the power switching system to adapt to diverse power supply environments.

[0037] Based on the power supply type configured for each power input terminal, a preset safety parameter range corresponding to that power input terminal is generated. For example, for a power input terminal configured to connect to mains power, a voltage range and frequency range can be manually set as its preset safety parameter range. For another power input terminal configured to connect to vehicle-mounted generators, a different voltage range and frequency range can be set. These range settings can be based on empirical data or industry standards. The generated preset safety parameter ranges are then paired with the corresponding power input terminals, thereby establishing a unique mapping relationship between power input terminals and preset safety parameter ranges. This mapping relationship can be achieved by creating a configuration table in the storage unit of the power switching system, which records the identifier of each power input terminal and its corresponding preset safety parameter range. When it is necessary to query the safety parameters of a power input terminal, it can be retrieved directly through this mapping relationship.

[0038] When power is detected at any power input terminal, the system acquires the electrical parameters of the power signal input to that terminal. Power connection detection is achieved by monitoring the presence of a voltage or current signal at the power input terminal. The electrical parameters are acquired using sensors or measurement modules integrated within the power switching system, such as voltage sensors, current sensors, or frequency meters. If the acquired electrical parameters are not within the preset safety parameter range for the corresponding power input terminal, the system disconnects the path between the corresponding power input terminal and the target load. For example, if the acquired voltage value exceeds or falls below a preset voltage safety range, or the acquired frequency value exceeds or falls below a preset frequency safety range, a path disconnection operation will be triggered. Path disconnection can be achieved by controlling switching elements such as relays, contactors, or circuit breakers to physically isolate the abnormal power supply from the target load, thereby protecting the target load from damage caused by unqualified power.

[0039] For example, for multiple power input terminals connected to power sources with different power supply characteristics, such as mains power, diesel generators, or power take-off (PTO) generators, the same fixed and uniform preset safety parameter range is used for protection control. Since each power source has significant differences in voltage stability and frequency tolerance—for example, the allowable voltage fluctuation range of mains power is usually wider than that of a precision generator—this one-size-fits-all single control logic is prone to causing a mismatch between the protection mechanism and the power supply characteristics, leading to erroneous disconnection of the equipment within the normal power supply fluctuation range, or protection lag when the power supply is abnormal. Therefore, this application proposes a multi-mode adaptive power switching method based on port-differentiated configuration. By establishing a dedicated parameter mapping relationship for each power input terminal, adaptive protection for multiple input sources is achieved.

[0040] Understandably, the multi-mode capability is reflected in the fact that the multiple power input terminals can be compatible with and respectively connect to various power supplies with different electrical characteristics and output standards (such as AC power mode, generator mode, or vehicle power take-off mode), enabling the system to handle different power conditions under the same architecture; adaptive switching is reflected in the fact that the system can automatically match the corresponding exclusive preset safety parameter range according to the power supply type currently configured for each power input terminal, and intelligently control the conduction, blocking (protection) of the path between the corresponding power input terminal and the target load, or perform optimal switching among multiple power input terminals based on the comparison results of the real-time collected electrical parameters with the range.

[0041] In summary, this embodiment achieves refined management of multiple input sources through a multi-mode adaptive power switching method. When the electrical parameters of the power supply connected to the power switching system exceed the safe range allowed by a specific port, the path can be disconnected in a timely and precise manner, effectively avoiding the false power outages or leakage protection phenomena caused by the single protection standard in traditional solutions, and improving operational stability.

[0042] In one embodiment, such as Figure 2 As shown, the multi-mode adaptive power switching method further includes steps S510 and S520.

[0043] In this embodiment, step S510 involves obtaining the electrical parameters of the power signal input to any power input terminal when the path between any power input terminal and the target load is disconnected.

[0044] In this embodiment, step S520 involves controlling the path between the power input terminal and the target load to be reconnected if the acquired electrical parameters meet the preset restoration closing conditions of the power input terminal.

[0045] Understandably, even if the path between the power input terminal and the target load is broken due to abnormal electrical parameters, the electrical parameters of the power signal input to that power input terminal will continue to be monitored. This monitoring can be achieved through sensor modules or measurement circuits within the power switching system, for example, by continuously collecting electrical parameters such as voltage, current, and frequency using devices such as voltage transformers and current transformers.

[0046] Based on this, when the continuously acquired electrical parameters are determined to meet the preset recovery closure conditions of the power input terminal, the relevant control device will control the corresponding switching equipment, such as a circuit breaker or relay, to reclose, thereby restoring the connection between the power input terminal and the target load. The preset recovery closure condition can be a condition with a certain hysteresis compared to the initial preset safety parameter range, designed to ensure that recovery only occurs after the power quality is stable and reliable, avoiding frequent opening and closing due to parameter fluctuations. For example, if the preset safety parameter range is a voltage between 200V and 240V, then the preset recovery closure condition might require a voltage between 210V and 230V.

[0047] Through the above technical solution, the power switching system can continuously monitor the power status after detecting abnormal electrical parameters at the power input terminal and disconnecting the circuit. Once the power quality recovers and meets the preset recovery closure conditions, the system can automatically reconnect the circuit and restore power supply to the target load. This effectively avoids prolonged power outages caused by momentary power anomalies, reduces the need for manual intervention, improves the power supply continuity, reliability, and intelligence level of power supply equipment equipped with this power switching system, and ensures the stable operation of critical loads.

[0048] In one embodiment, such as Figure 3 As shown, after step S200, the multi-mode adaptive power switching method further includes steps S610 and S620.

[0049] In this embodiment, step S610 involves determining the maximum value of the preset safety parameter range corresponding to each power input terminal, subtracting the first parameter hysteresis value from each maximum value, and obtaining the upper limit threshold of the preset recovery closure condition corresponding to each power input terminal.

[0050] In this embodiment, step S620 involves determining the minimum value of the preset safety parameter range corresponding to each power input terminal, adding the second parameter hysteresis value to each minimum value, and obtaining the lower limit threshold of the preset recovery closure condition corresponding to each power input terminal.

[0051] In this embodiment, the maximum and minimum values ​​of the preset safety parameter range define the normal operating range of electrical parameters, such as voltage, current, or frequency, allowed at the power input terminal. The maximum value is the highest allowed limit for the parameter, and the minimum value is the lowest allowed limit for the parameter. The first parameter hysteresis value and the second parameter hysteresis value are preset values ​​used to introduce hysteresis effects. They can be fixed values ​​determined based on actual application scenarios, power supply characteristics, or experience; for example, they can be a certain percentage of the preset safety parameter range or a specific numerical value. The first parameter hysteresis value is used to subtract from the maximum value of the preset safety parameter range to form a recovery upper limit threshold; the second parameter hysteresis value is used to add to the minimum value of the preset safety parameter range to form a recovery lower limit threshold.

[0052] Understandably, if the preset recovery closure condition is too close to the initial preset safety parameter range boundary, fluctuations in the electrical parameters of the power signal near the safety boundary may lead to frequent opening and closing of the path, i.e., jitter. This not only affects the stability of the power supply but may also accelerate the wear and tear of switching devices. By introducing a hysteresis value, frequent switching of the system near the critical point of electrical parameters can be effectively avoided, thereby improving system stability. The upper and lower recovery thresholds together define the range of electrical parameters that the power input terminal must meet after disconnection in order to re-establish the path with the target load. Specifically, the upper recovery threshold is obtained by subtracting the first parameter hysteresis value from the maximum value of the preset safety parameter range, while the lower recovery threshold is obtained by adding the second parameter hysteresis value to the minimum value of the preset safety parameter range. These two thresholds ensure that the path will only be re-established when the electrical parameters stably return to the safe range and maintain a certain margin from the critical point at the time of disconnection.

[0053] In one feasible implementation, there are two power input terminals: one for connecting to 380V AC mains power and the other for connecting to 220V vehicle power take-off generator. For the first power input terminal connected to 380V AC mains power, based on its wide voltage tolerance characteristics (e.g., AC380V ± 20%), the maximum value of its preset safety parameter range is set to 456V (380V × 1.2), and the minimum value is set to 304V (380V × 0.8). If the first parameter hysteresis value and the second parameter hysteresis value are both set to 10V, then according to step S610, the upper recovery threshold of this port is 446V (456V - 10V); according to step S620, its lower recovery threshold is 314V (304V + 10V). This means that when the AC mains overvoltage is disconnected, the voltage needs to drop below 446V to recover; when the undervoltage is disconnected, it needs to rise above 314V to recover. For the second power input terminal connected to the 220V vehicle power take-off generator, based on its narrow voltage regulation requirements (e.g., AC220V ± 13%), the maximum value of its preset safety parameter range is set to 248.6V (220V × 1.13), and the minimum value is set to 191.4V (220V × 0.87). Using the same or different parameter hysteresis values, the upper recovery threshold is calculated to be 238.6V, and the lower recovery threshold is calculated to be 201.4V. Therefore, this embodiment not only establishes differentiated protection boundaries for power supplies with different characteristics, but also ensures sufficient stability margin for each power supply when restoring power supply through quantified hysteresis calculation.

[0054] In one embodiment, generating a preset safety parameter range corresponding to each power input terminal based on the power supply to be connected configured at each power input terminal includes: The target power supply type at the power input terminal is determined to be AC ​​power input, and a preset safety parameter range of AC380V±20% and frequency reference value of 50Hz±7% is generated. The target power supply type at the power input terminal is determined to be parking power take-off input, and a preset safety parameter range of voltage reference value AC380V±13% and frequency reference value 50Hz±7% is generated. The target power supply type at the power input terminal is determined to be vehicle power take-off input, and a preset safety parameter range of AC220V±13% and frequency reference value of 50Hz±7% is generated. The target power supply type at the power input terminal is determined to be a diesel generator input, and a preset safety parameter range of AC220V±13% voltage reference value and 50Hz±7% frequency reference value is generated.

[0055] Understandably, when a power input terminal of the power switching system is configured to connect to mains power, the system will set a specific set of preset safety parameter ranges for it. This range sets the voltage reference value to AC380V and allows it to fluctuate within ±20%, i.e., a voltage range of 304V to 456V; simultaneously, the frequency reference value is set to 50Hz and allows it to fluctuate within ±7%, i.e., a frequency range of 46.5Hz to 53.5Hz. This setting fully considers the voltage and frequency fluctuations that may occur during normal mains power operation, ensuring that the power supply is considered safe within a reasonable fluctuation range, avoiding frequent disconnections due to slight fluctuations, and promptly disconnecting when the range is exceeded to protect the connected load. The target power supply type for the power input terminal can be pre-configured, manually selected by the user, or determined by an intelligent identification module based on the initial characteristics of the connected power supply.

[0056] For power inputs configured to connect to a parking power take-off (PGD) generator, the system generates an additional set of preset safety parameter ranges. In this case, the voltage reference value remains AC380V, but its allowable fluctuation range is tightened to ±13%, i.e., the voltage range is 330.6V to 429.4V; the frequency reference value remains unchanged at 50Hz ±7%. Parking power take-off typically refers to powering a vehicle while stationary by using an engine to drive a generator. Its output stability is generally better than mains power, thus allowing for stricter voltage tolerances to provide higher quality power and more refined protection for the load.

[0057] When the target power supply type at the power input terminal is determined to be vehicle-driven power take-off (VTO) input, the system will generate a set of preset safety parameter ranges with AC220V as the voltage reference value. The allowable fluctuation range is ±13%, that is, the voltage range is 191.4V to 248.6V; the frequency reference value is also 50Hz ±7%. Vehicle-driven power take-off refers to the power supply generated by the engine driving the generator while the vehicle is in motion. Its output voltage level may be different from that of parking power take-off, but since it is still a controlled power generation system, a relatively strict ±13% tolerance is adopted in terms of voltage fluctuation to meet the power quality requirements in mobile scenarios.

[0058] If the power input is configured to connect to a diesel generator, the system will generate a preset safety parameter range similar to that of a vehicle power take-off (PTO) input. Specifically, the voltage reference value is set to AC220V±13%, i.e., a voltage range of 191.4V to 248.6V; the frequency reference value is set to 50Hz±7%. As a common independent power source, the diesel generator's output characteristics are similar to those of a vehicle PTO in certain application scenarios. Therefore, using the same voltage and frequency tolerance standards ensures that its output power is within a safe range, effectively protecting the connected load equipment.

[0059] Of course, the percentage values ​​mentioned above are merely illustrative and are not strictly limited in this application. In practical applications, the specific threshold values ​​of the preset safety parameter range can be flexibly adjusted according to the application scenario of the power switching system, the actual performance indicators of the connected power supply, and the sensitivity of the back-end load to power quality. For example, for precision instrument loads that are extremely sensitive to voltage fluctuations, the above tolerance range may be further tightened, such as by adjusting it to ±5%. In other embodiments, the preset safety parameter range may not be defined by a percentage of the reference value, but directly by the preset upper and lower limits of the absolute voltage value, such as setting the upper voltage limit to 260V and the lower voltage limit to 180V; or, the system can adapt to the power grid standards of different countries or regions, such as a 110V / 60Hz power grid system, in which case the corresponding voltage reference value and frequency reference value will change accordingly; in addition, the power switching system can also be configured with a human-machine interface, allowing users to manually input and store custom preset safety parameter ranges according to specific non-standard power supply or special load requirements, thereby achieving broader compatibility.

[0060] This not only significantly improves the adaptability and safety of the power switching system to different power sources and reduces the misjudgment rate, but also ensures that the load equipment can obtain a stable and safe power supply in various power supply environments, greatly improving the reliability and operating efficiency of the entire power distribution system.

[0061] In one embodiment, the electrical parameters include current values, and the preset safety parameter range includes a preset safe current range consisting of a lower current threshold and an upper current threshold, such as... Figure 4 As shown, step S400 includes steps S411 and S412.

[0062] In this embodiment, step S411 involves controlling the path to disconnect if the current value in the acquired electrical parameters is higher than the upper current limit threshold of the corresponding power input terminal.

[0063] In this embodiment, step S412 involves controlling the path to disconnect if the current value in the acquired electrical parameters is lower than the lower current threshold of the corresponding power input terminal.

[0064] Among these electrical parameters, the current value refers to the amount of charge flowing through the circuit and the size of the conductor cross-section per unit time. It is an important indicator for measuring the intensity of electrical energy transmission in the circuit. This electrical parameter can be detected by current sensors, such as Hall sensors and current transformers.

[0065] The preset safety parameter range includes a preset safe current range consisting of a lower current threshold and an upper current threshold. This preset safe current range refers to the range of current values ​​set to ensure the safe and stable operation of the power switching system and the target load, defined by a lower current threshold and an upper current threshold. When the actual current value exceeds this range, it indicates an abnormal situation. These thresholds can be preset based on the type of power supply connected to the power input, the rated operating current of the target load, the capacity of the power switching system, and relevant industry standards or safety specifications. For example, for a specific type of power supply, its output current should fluctuate within a reasonable range; for the connected load, its normal operating current also has a recommended range. These thresholds are typically stored in the non-volatile memory of the power switching system and loaded during system initialization or configuration.

[0066] If the current value in the acquired electrical parameters is determined to be higher than the upper current threshold of the corresponding power input terminal, the control circuit is disconnected to prevent overcurrent from damaging the target load and the equipment using the power switching system. Overcurrent can cause equipment overheating, insulation damage, or even fire. The control device continuously compares the real-time monitored current value with the preset upper current threshold. Once the real-time current value exceeds the upper threshold, a disconnect command is immediately triggered, typically sent to a power switching element (such as a relay, contactor, circuit breaker, etc.) to switch it from a closed state to an open state, thereby cutting off the electrical connection between the power input terminal and the target load. If the current value in the acquired electrical parameters is determined to be lower than the lower current threshold of the corresponding power input terminal, the control circuit is disconnected to prevent undercurrent or no-load operation from adversely affecting certain sensitive loads or power supplies. For example, some power supplies may be unstable under no-load or light-load conditions, or some loads require a minimum current to operate normally. Similarly, the real-time monitored current value can be continuously compared with the preset lower current threshold. If the real-time current value falls below the lower threshold, the control device will also trigger a disconnect command, cutting off the path between the power input and the target load via a power switching element. This helps protect the power supply from unnecessary light-load or no-load operation and ensures that the load operates within the effective current range.

[0067] The above technical solution clearly incorporates the current value into the monitoring range of electrical parameters and sets a preset safe current range consisting of a lower current threshold and an upper current threshold, thus comprehensively ensuring the safe and stable operation of the power switching system and the target load.

[0068] In one embodiment, the electrical parameters include voltage values, and the preset safety parameter range includes a preset safety voltage range consisting of a lower voltage threshold and an upper voltage threshold, such as... Figure 5As shown, step S400 includes steps S421 and S422.

[0069] In this embodiment, step S421 involves controlling the path to disconnect if the voltage value in the acquired electrical parameters is higher than the upper voltage threshold of the corresponding power input terminal.

[0070] In this embodiment, step S422 involves controlling the path to disconnect if the voltage value in the acquired electrical parameters is lower than the corresponding lower voltage threshold of the power input terminal.

[0071] As we understand it, voltage is a physical quantity that measures the potential difference between two points in a circuit, and it is one of the key electrical parameters characterizing power quality and load operating status. In power switching systems, real-time monitoring of voltage values ​​is crucial because abnormal voltage fluctuations, whether too high or too low, can directly affect the normal operation of connected loads, and even cause equipment damage or safety accidents. Therefore, monitoring voltage values ​​as an important electrical parameter is fundamental to ensuring the safe and stable operation of power switching systems. A preset safe voltage range is a permissible voltage range pre-defined based on the tolerance of the target load, the characteristics of the power supply, and relevant industry standards. This range is defined by a lower voltage threshold and an upper voltage threshold, ensuring that only when the voltage value at the power input falls within this safe range is it considered a normal and acceptable power supply state. Setting this range provides a clear basis for voltage safety judgment in power switching systems, avoiding risks caused by voltage instability.

[0072] Based on this, the step of controlling the disconnection of the path between the corresponding power input terminal and the target load when the acquired electrical parameters are not within the preset safety parameter range of the corresponding power input terminal includes: controlling the path disconnection when the voltage value in the acquired electrical parameters is determined to be higher than the upper voltage threshold of the corresponding power input terminal; and controlling the path disconnection when the voltage value in the acquired electrical parameters is determined to be lower than the lower voltage threshold of the corresponding power input terminal. Specifically, when the power switching system detects that the voltage value at the power input terminal exceeds the preset upper voltage threshold, it indicates an overvoltage condition. Overvoltage may cause internal components of the load to break down, insulation to be damaged, or overheating, thereby causing equipment failure or even fire. In this case, the power switching system will immediately perform a path disconnection operation, cutting off the connection between the abnormal power supply and the target load, thereby effectively protecting the target load from overvoltage damage. Similarly, when the power switching system detects that the voltage value at the power input terminal is lower than the preset lower voltage threshold, it indicates an undervoltage condition. Undervoltage may cause the load to fail to start normally, have low operating efficiency, and unstable performance; for some inductive loads, it may even be damaged due to excessive current. In this situation, the power switching system will also immediately perform a circuit disconnection operation to prevent the target load from operating in an unstable low-voltage environment, thereby protecting the load and maintaining system stability.

[0073] In this way, damage to the target load caused by excessively high or low voltage is effectively avoided, thereby significantly improving the protection capability and operational reliability of the power switching system, and solving the problem of insufficient protection that may be caused by relying solely on a wide range of electrical parameters.

[0074] In one embodiment, the electrical parameters include an input frequency value, and the preset safety parameter range includes a preset safe input frequency range consisting of a lower frequency threshold and a higher frequency threshold, such as... Figure 6 As shown, step S400 includes steps S431 and S432.

[0075] In this embodiment, step S431 involves controlling the path to disconnect if the input frequency value in the acquired electrical parameters is higher than the upper frequency threshold of the corresponding power input terminal. In this embodiment, step S432 involves controlling the path to disconnect if the input frequency value in the acquired electrical parameters is determined to be lower than the corresponding lower frequency threshold of the power input terminal.

[0076] In some embodiments described above, this application proposes controlling the path between the power switching system and the target load by monitoring whether the electrical parameters at the power input terminal are within a preset safety parameter range, thereby ensuring electrical safety. However, in practical applications, there are many types of electrical parameters for power signals. Focusing only on a single parameter such as voltage or current may not fully reflect the quality of the power supply, especially when the power frequency fluctuates abnormally, which may still cause potential damage to the connected load or lead to unstable equipment operation.

[0077] The input frequency is one of the key electrical parameters of AC power signals, directly affecting the operating status and lifespan of the connected load. For example, for inductive loads such as motors, abnormal frequency can lead to unstable speed and reduced efficiency; for electronic equipment, frequency deviation may interfere with its internal clock or synchronous operation. To accurately obtain this parameter, a frequency sensor or frequency detection module can be used to count the zero-crossing points of the AC signal or to employ digital signal processing technology to measure the frequency at the power input in real time.

[0078] Meanwhile, the preset safe input frequency range is an acceptable frequency range pre-defined based on different power supply types and the characteristics of the target load. This range is defined by a lower frequency threshold and an upper frequency threshold. For example, for mains power, the safe frequency range may be set to 46.5Hz to 53.5Hz. These thresholds can be stored in the power switching system and configured during initialization or operation.

[0079] When the power switching system detects that the input frequency at the power input terminal is higher than the preset upper frequency threshold, it indicates that the power frequency is too high. Excessive frequency can lead to increased magnetic losses in inductive loads and decreased impedance in capacitive loads, potentially causing overheating or damage to the equipment. In this case, the control device immediately issues a command to quickly disconnect the electrical connection between the power input terminal and the target load via an actuator such as a relay, contactor, or solid-state switch to prevent high-frequency damage to the load. Similarly, when the power switching system detects that the input frequency at the power input terminal is lower than the preset lower frequency threshold, it indicates that the power frequency is too low. Excessive frequency can cause a decrease in the rotational speed and output power of inductive loads, or even prevent them from starting normally; for some electronic devices, it may also affect their internal clock and synchronization operation. In this case, the control device will also issue a command to disconnect the electrical connection between the power input terminal and the target load via an actuator, thereby protecting the load equipment from low-frequency effects. This improves the power switching system's protection capability for the load and the overall reliability of the power supply system.

[0080] In one embodiment, such as Figure 7As shown, the power switching system is integrated into the power distribution equipment, and the multi-mode adaptive power switching method further includes steps S710 to S730.

[0081] In this embodiment, step S710 involves obtaining the leakage current value of the power distribution equipment and the leakage voltage value between the safe ground and the detection ground.

[0082] In this embodiment, step S720 involves controlling the disconnection of the path between multiple power input terminals and the target load when it is determined that the obtained leakage current value is higher than the preset leakage current threshold.

[0083] In this embodiment, step S730 involves controlling the disconnection of the path between multiple power input terminals and the target load when it is determined that the obtained leakage voltage value is higher than the preset leakage voltage threshold.

[0084] Leakage current refers to the current flowing through the insulation layer or protective grounding conductor of electrical distribution equipment under normal operating conditions, but not through the main circuit. Leakage voltage refers to the potential difference between the casing or accessible parts of electrical distribution equipment and the ground, usually caused by poor insulation or grounding faults. Leakage current values ​​can be obtained by installing a leakage current sensor (e.g., a zero-sequence current transformer) in the power input circuit of the electrical distribution equipment. This sensor can monitor the current flowing through the protective grounding conductor in real time or detect leakage current by comparing the difference between the phase and neutral currents. Leakage voltage values ​​can be obtained by connecting a voltage sensor between the metal casing or accessible parts of the electrical distribution equipment and safety ground (e.g., the protective grounding terminal). This sensor can measure the potential difference between the two in real time.

[0085] Based on this, when the detected leakage current value exceeds a preset leakage current threshold, the circuit between multiple power input terminals and the target load is disconnected. The preset leakage current threshold is a safety upper limit set according to national standards, industry specifications, or equipment safety levels, such as 30mA or 300mA. When the actual detected leakage current value exceeds this threshold, it indicates that the power distribution equipment may have a serious insulation fault or poor grounding, posing a risk of electric shock or fire. In this case, the control device will immediately issue a command to drive the actuator (e.g., contactor, circuit breaker, or relay) to disconnect the electrical connection between all or multiple power input terminals and the target load. This synchronous disconnection mechanism for multiple power input terminals aims to ensure that the entire power distribution equipment can be quickly isolated from dangerous power sources when there is a leakage current risk at any power input terminal, thereby maximizing the safety of personnel and equipment. Simultaneously, when the detected leakage voltage value exceeds a preset leakage voltage threshold, the circuit between multiple power input terminals and the target load is disconnected. The preset leakage voltage threshold is a safety upper limit set according to safety standards, such as 50V. When the actual detected leakage voltage exceeds this threshold, it indicates that the metal casing or accessible parts of the power distribution equipment may be live, posing a risk of electric shock. Similar to leakage current handling, once an excessive leakage voltage is detected, the control unit will immediately trigger a protection mechanism, disconnecting the path between all or multiple power input terminals and the target load. This action can quickly eliminate potential electric shock hazards and prevent accidents from occurring.

[0086] In this way, potential electrical safety risks can be detected and isolated in a timely manner, improving the overall safety protection level of the power switching system and effectively avoiding serious consequences such as electric shock accidents, equipment damage or fires caused by leakage of power distribution equipment.

[0087] This application also provides a multi-mode adaptive power switching system, which includes multiple power input terminals and a control device. Each power input terminal is configured to connect to a different power supply. The control device is used to implement the multi-mode adaptive power switching method described above. It should be noted that the specific implementation of this multi-mode adaptive power switching method refers to the above embodiments. Since this multi-mode adaptive power switching system adopts all the technical solutions of all the above embodiments, it possesses at least all the beneficial effects brought about by the technical solutions of the above embodiments, which will not be elaborated upon here.

[0088] The multi-mode adaptive power switching system refers to a collection of devices used for receiving, distributing, and managing electrical energy. It typically includes multiple power input terminals, output terminals for connecting to target loads, and electrical components such as contactors, circuit breakers, and relays for power switching and protection. The multi-mode adaptive power switching system is the physical carrier for achieving safe and stable transmission and distribution of electrical energy; its design and configuration directly affect the reliability and security of the entire power system. The control device is the core intelligent unit of the multi-mode adaptive power switching system, configured to execute the aforementioned multi-mode adaptive power switching method. This control device typically consists of a microcontroller, processor, memory, input / output interfaces, and related control circuits. Its main function is to monitor the electrical parameters of each power input terminal in real time, perform logical judgments based on preset safety parameter ranges and restoration closing conditions, and send control commands to the actuators (such as switches and contactors) in the multi-mode adaptive power switching system to achieve operations such as power connection, disconnection, and restoration of conduction.

[0089] The above technical solution is illustrated below with a more specific example: A large vehicle has an electrical distribution system that integrates this multi-mode adaptive power switching system. This system has three power input terminals: input terminal 1, input terminal 2, and input terminal 3. Input terminal 1 is configured to connect to AC mains power, input terminal 2 is configured to connect to a parking power take-off generator, and input terminal 3 is configured to connect to a diesel generator. When the multi-mode adaptive power switching system is activated, it first generates a preset safety parameter range corresponding to each input terminal based on the preset power supply type. Specifically, for input terminal 1, configured as AC mains power, the system generates a preset safety parameter range of a voltage reference value of AC380V ± 20% and a frequency reference value of 50Hz ± 7%. This means that the AC mains voltage should be between 304V and 456V, and the frequency should be between 46.5Hz and 53.5Hz. For input terminal 2, configured as a parking power take-off input, the system generates a preset safety parameter range with a voltage reference value of AC380V±13% and a frequency reference value of 50Hz±7%, with a voltage range of 330.6V to 429.4V and a frequency range identical to that of mains power. For input terminal 3, configured as a diesel generator input, the system generates a preset safety parameter range with a voltage reference value of AC220V±13% and a frequency reference value of 50Hz±7%, with a voltage range of 191.4V to 248.6V and a frequency range of 46.5Hz to 53.5Hz. These generated preset safety parameter ranges are then paired with the corresponding power input terminals, establishing a unique mapping relationship between each input terminal and a dedicated safety parameter range. After establishing the mapping relationship, the system also determines a preset recovery closure condition for each power input terminal. For example, for input terminal 1, the maximum value of its preset safe parameter range, 456V, minus a first parameter hysteresis value of 10V, yields a recovery upper limit threshold of 446V; its minimum value, 304V, plus a second parameter hysteresis value of 10V, yields a recovery lower limit threshold of 314V. These recovery thresholds constitute the closing conditions after power restoration, designed to prevent frequent opening and closing of the path when the power supply fluctuates repeatedly at the edge of the safe range. Assume the mobile medical pod is operating at location A and connected to mains power to input terminal 1. The system continuously monitors the power signal of input terminal 1, acquiring its electrical parameters in real time, including voltage, input frequency, and current. At a certain moment, due to external power grid fluctuations, the mains voltage detected by input terminal 1 suddenly drops to 280V. At this time, the system compares the acquired voltage value of 280V with the preset safe voltage range (304V to 456V) corresponding to input terminal 1. Since 280V is lower than the lower limit threshold of the preset safe voltage range, 304V, the system determines that this electrical parameter is not within the safe range. Immediately, the system disconnects the connection between input terminal 1 and the target load (such as medical equipment or lighting system) inside the cabin.This action precisely responds to mains power anomalies, preventing potential damage to sensitive medical devices from low voltage. Compared to existing technologies that may experience delayed responses or misjudgments due to mismatched protection thresholds, this method provides protection more quickly and accurately.

[0090] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of this application, and not to limit them. Although this application has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications can still be made to the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or equivalent substitutions can be made to some or all of the technical features therein. These modifications or substitutions do not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of this application, and they should all be covered within the scope of the claims and specification of this application. In particular, as long as there is no technical conflict, the various technical features mentioned in the various embodiments can be combined in any way. This application is not limited to the specific embodiments disclosed herein, but includes all technical solutions falling within the scope of the claims.

Claims

1. A multi-mode adaptive power switching method, characterized in that, The method is applied to a power switching system, which includes multiple power input terminals, each configured to connect to a different power supply. The multi-mode adaptive power switching method includes: Based on the power supply to be connected configured at each power input terminal, a preset safety parameter range corresponding to each power input terminal is generated. The generated preset safety parameter range is paired with the corresponding power input terminal to establish a unique mapping relationship between the power input terminal and the preset safety parameter range; When power is detected to be connected at any power input terminal, the electrical parameters of the power signal input at that power input terminal are obtained. If the acquired electrical parameters are not within the preset safety parameter range of the corresponding power input terminal, the connection between the corresponding power input terminal and the target load will be disconnected.

2. The multi-mode adaptive power switching method as described in claim 1, characterized in that, After disconnecting the path between the corresponding power input terminal and the target load when the acquired electrical parameters are not within the preset safety parameter range of the corresponding power input terminal, the multi-mode adaptive power switching method further includes: When the path between any power input terminal and the target load is disconnected, obtain the electrical parameters of the power signal input at that power input terminal; If the acquired electrical parameters meet the preset restoration closing conditions of the power input terminal, the path between the power input terminal and the target load is re-opened.

3. The multi-mode adaptive power switching method as described in claim 2, characterized in that, After pairing the generated preset safety parameter range with the corresponding power input terminal to establish a unique mapping relationship between the power input terminal and the preset safety parameter range, the multi-mode adaptive power switching method further includes: Determine the maximum value of the preset safety parameter range corresponding to each power input terminal, and subtract the first parameter hysteresis value from each of the maximum values ​​to obtain the upper limit threshold of the preset recovery closure condition corresponding to each power input terminal; Determine the minimum value of the preset safety parameter range corresponding to each power input terminal, and add the second parameter hysteresis value to each minimum value to obtain the lower limit threshold of the preset recovery closure condition corresponding to each power input terminal.

4. The multi-mode adaptive power switching method as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The process of generating a preset safety parameter range corresponding to each power input terminal based on the power supply to be connected configured at each power input terminal includes: The target power supply type at the power input terminal is determined to be AC ​​power input, and a preset safety parameter range of AC380V±20% and frequency reference value of 50Hz±7% is generated. The target power supply type at the power input terminal is determined to be parking power take-off input, and a preset safety parameter range of voltage reference value AC380V±13% and frequency reference value 50Hz±7% is generated. The target power supply type at the power input terminal is determined to be vehicle power take-off input, and a preset safety parameter range of AC220V±13% and frequency reference value of 50Hz±7% is generated. The target power supply type at the power input terminal is determined to be a diesel generator input, and a preset safety parameter range of AC220V±13% voltage reference value and 50Hz±7% frequency reference value is generated.

5. The multi-mode adaptive power switching method as described in any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that, The electrical parameters include current values, and the preset safety parameter range includes a preset safety current range consisting of a lower current threshold and a higher current threshold. Disconnecting the path between the corresponding power input terminal and the target load when the acquired electrical parameters are not within the preset safety parameter range of the corresponding power input terminal includes: If the current value in the acquired electrical parameters is determined to be higher than the upper current threshold of the corresponding power input terminal, the circuit is controlled to be disconnected. If the current value in the acquired electrical parameters is determined to be lower than the lower current limit threshold of the corresponding power input terminal, the circuit is controlled to be disconnected.

6. The multi-mode adaptive power switching method as described in any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that, The electrical parameters include voltage values, and the preset safety parameter range includes a preset safety voltage range consisting of a lower voltage threshold and an upper voltage threshold. Disconnecting the path between the corresponding power input terminal and the target load when the acquired electrical parameters are not within the preset safety parameter range of the corresponding power input terminal includes: If the voltage value in the acquired electrical parameters is determined to be higher than the upper voltage threshold of the corresponding power input terminal, the circuit is controlled to be disconnected. If the voltage value in the acquired electrical parameters is determined to be lower than the corresponding lower voltage threshold of the power input terminal, the circuit is controlled to be disconnected.

7. The multi-mode adaptive power switching method according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that, The electrical parameters include an input frequency value, and the preset safety parameter range includes a preset safe input frequency range consisting of a lower frequency threshold and a higher frequency threshold. The step of disconnecting the path between the corresponding power input terminal and the target load when the acquired electrical parameters are not within the preset safety parameter range of the corresponding power input terminal includes: If the input frequency value in the acquired electrical parameters is determined to be higher than the upper frequency threshold of the corresponding power input terminal, the path is controlled to be disconnected. If the input frequency value in the acquired electrical parameters is determined to be lower than the corresponding lower frequency threshold of the power input terminal, the control circuit is disconnected.

8. The multi-mode adaptive power switching method as described in any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that, The power switching system is integrated into the power distribution equipment, and the multi-mode adaptive power switching method further includes: Obtain the leakage current value of the power distribution equipment and the leakage voltage value between the safety ground and the detection ground; If the obtained leakage current value is determined to be higher than the preset leakage current threshold, the path between multiple power input terminals and the target load is disconnected. If the obtained leakage voltage value is determined to be higher than the preset leakage voltage threshold, the path between multiple power input terminals and the target load is disconnected.

9. A multi-mode adaptive power switching system, characterized in that, The multi-mode adaptive power switching system includes: Multiple power input terminals, each of which is configured to be connected to a different power supply; A control device for implementing the multi-mode adaptive power switching method as described in any one of claims 1 to 8.

10. The multi-mode adaptive power switching system as described in claim 9, characterized in that, The multi-mode adaptive power switching system is applied to the vehicle's power distribution equipment. The vehicle's power supply includes at least one of the following: mains input module, parking power take-off module, driving power take-off module, and diesel generator module. The multi-mode adaptive power switching system has multiple power input terminals for one-to-one access to the vehicle's power supply to power at least one target load.

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