Wettable state switchable photothermal responsive superhydrophobic icephobic coating and method of making the same

Abstract

This application provides a photothermal responsive superhydrophobic anti-icing coating with switchable wetting state and its preparation method, relating to the field of superhydrophobic anti-icing technology. The method involves assembling micron-sized silica microspheres into a single-layer microsphere array template; then filling the template with a mixed solution of resin polymer, phase change material, nano-sized silica microspheres, photothermal material, and acetone. After the acetone evaporates, the silica microspheres are etched to obtain a honeycomb-shaped micro / nano porous membrane storing the phase change material; the porous membrane is then hydrophobically treated to form a superhydrophobic surface. Through this method, this application can utilize the micro / nano porous structure to provide an ideal roughness basis for constructing a superhydrophobic surface; the internal photothermal material gives it excellent photothermal response performance; and by utilizing the heat storage function of the phase change material, it exhibits a superhydrophobic state at low temperatures, delaying icing, and transforming into a slip state for self-de-icing under photothermal triggering, thus achieving a photothermal responsive superhydrophobic anti-icing function with switchable wetting state.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of superhydrophobic anti-icing technology, and in particular to a photothermal responsive superhydrophobic anti-icing coating with switchable wetting state and its preparation method. Background Technology

[0002] In many industrial and everyday sectors, such as aerospace, wind power generation, power transmission lines, outdoor optical devices, and automotive glass, surface icing, fogging, and contamination can severely impact equipment performance, safety, and lifespan. Traditional solutions to these environmental problems, such as resistance heating, hot air de-icing, and chemical de-icing agents, suffer from drawbacks including high energy consumption, system complexity, heavy environmental burden, and high maintenance costs, leading to increasingly limited application scope and economic viability. Therefore, developing efficient and environmentally friendly protective technologies has become an urgent common need for many high-tech industries.

[0003] In the prior art, there are technical solutions for achieving superhydrophobic self-cleaning functions by constructing micro-nano structures. For example, patent application CN121362459A discloses a superhydrophobic silicone foam with a pyramid-shaped micro-nano structure and its preparation method. This method replicates the microstructure of a release film onto a silicone substrate through a single imprinting process, and uses long-chain silane-modified silica particles to stably provide low surface energy, thereby obtaining static and durable superhydrophobicity and self-cleaning effects. However, the hydrophobic function of this method is static and unidirectional. Once the surface fails due to mechanical wear, contaminant wetting, or extreme low-temperature freezing, causing the micro-nano structure or low surface energy coating to fail, its superhydrophobic performance will irreversibly decay or be lost. Furthermore, when dealing with ice adhesion, it can only provide a limited delay in freezing and cannot actively remove the ice layer.

[0004] In addition, existing technologies often attempt to incorporate photothermal materials and phase change materials to improve the de-icing performance of materials using photothermal effects or solid-liquid phase changes. However, these technologies often simply superimpose the functions of the two, allowing them to function independently, failing to achieve deep synergy between photothermal and phase change, and generally suffer from problems such as complex structures, poor durability, and cumbersome preparation processes. For example, some phase change composite materials suffer from defects such as uneven distribution of phase change materials, easy leakage, and weak bonding with the substrate, leading to functional instability; while some photothermal responsive surfaces have limited wettability switching amplitude or slow switching speed, making it difficult to meet the requirements of rapid, reversible, and stable response in practical applications. Therefore, researching how to deeply integrate photothermal materials and phase change materials to enable them to sense environmental changes and respond rapidly has significant scientific and practical application value. Summary of the Invention

[0005] To address the shortcomings of the existing technology, the purpose of this application is to provide a photothermal responsive superhydrophobic anti-icing coating with switchable wetting state and its preparation method. The method involves assembling micron-sized silica microspheres into a single-layer silica microsphere array template, and filling the template with resin polymer, phase change material, nano-sized silica microspheres, photothermal material, and acetone. The micro- and nano-sized silica microspheres are then etched with hydrofluoric acid to form a honeycomb-like micro-nano porous membrane. Physical confinement and capillary forces encapsulate the phase change material within the polymer's three-dimensional network and porous structure. The honeycomb-like micro-nano porous membrane is then hydrophobically treated to form a stable and durable superhydrophobic surface, resulting in a photothermal responsive superhydrophobic anti-icing coating with switchable wetting state.

[0006] To achieve the above-mentioned objectives, this application provides a method for preparing a photothermal responsive superhydrophobic anti-icing coating with switchable wetting state, comprising the following steps: S1. Assemble and coat micron-sized silica microsphere powder onto a PDMS film to obtain a monolayer silica microsphere array template; S2. Mix acetone, resin polymer, nano-sized silica microspheres, photothermal material and phase change material, and then perform ultrasonic and magnetic stirring to disperse them evenly to obtain a filling solution. S3. The filling solution obtained in step S2 is coated onto the single-layer silica microsphere array template obtained in step S1, placed in an oven for low-temperature initial curing, and then placed in a fume hood for complete acetone evaporation and curing to obtain a micro-nano composite film containing phase change material. S4. Place the micro-nano composite film obtained in step S3 into hydrofluoric acid to etch silica microspheres to obtain a honeycomb-shaped micro-nano porous composite film; then perform hydrophobic treatment to obtain a photothermal responsive superhydrophobic anti-icing coating with switchable wetting state.

[0007] Furthermore, in step S1, the method for assembling micron-sized silica microspheres into the single-layer silica microsphere array template is one of the following: friction assembly, liquid evaporation assembly, or interface assembly.

[0008] Furthermore, in step S3, the filling solution is coated by spin coating or drop coating.

[0009] Furthermore, in step S4, the hydrophobic treatment method is one of vapor deposition, solution immersion, or spraying.

[0010] Furthermore, the particle size of the micron-sized silica microspheres is 3~10 μm; the particle size of the nano-sized silica microspheres is 200~500 nm.

[0011] Furthermore, in step S2, the resin polymer is polydimethylsiloxane, polymethyl methacrylate, or epoxy resin.

[0012] Furthermore, in step S2, the photothermal material is one of carbon nanotubes, graphene, and iron oxide particles.

[0013] Furthermore, the phase change material is an alkane-based phase change material, and the phase change temperature of the phase change material is 0℃~30℃.

[0014] Furthermore, the phase change material is one of n-tetradecane, n-octadecane, and n-nonadecanane.

[0015] This application also provides a photothermal responsive superhydrophobic anti-icing coating with switchable wetting state, which is prepared by the preparation method described in any of the aforementioned technical solutions; the photothermal responsive superhydrophobic anti-icing coating has a multi-level pore structure, the multi-level pore structure including honeycomb-shaped micron-sized pores and nano-sized pores formed in the micron-sized pores.

[0016] The beneficial effects of this application are: (1) This application provides a method for preparing a photothermal responsive superhydrophobic anti-icing coating with switchable wetting state. First, a micron-sized monolayer silica microsphere array is assembled on the surface of a substrate material, and then nano-sized silica particles are filled into the substrate material. This assembly method can form an ordered porous structure of "surface macropores + internal micropores". Compared with the disordered structure prepared by the prior art, the ordered porous structure provided by this application can not only achieve high-stability encapsulation and self-supply of phase change materials, but also improve the dehumidification effect. When water droplets are pressed or condensed and seep into the surface macropores, the strong capillary force generated by the internal nanopores will act like a "pump" to actively pull the water from the macropore area to the depth of the micropore area and restrict its diffusion. After the phase change material melts due to heat absorption, this layer of water is more easily displaced, aggregated and detached from the macropore end as a whole, so that the material can autonomously recover from the "wet state" to the "superhydrophobic state" and prevent water droplet adhesion leading to secondary icing.

[0017] (2) This application combines photothermal materials and phase change materials, and through the intelligent synergy of photothermal-phase change, it achieves rapid perception and reversible response to environmental conditions. The uniformly dispersed photothermal materials in the material act as micro heaters. When irradiated by sunlight or artificial light sources, they can efficiently capture light energy and convert it into heat energy, realizing on-site energy collection and conversion. Moreover, the heat generated by the light is not directly used for melting ice, but is precisely transferred to the phase change materials that are also uniformly dispersed in the polymer matrix, triggering the solid-liquid phase change of the phase change materials, actively de-icing, which is extremely energy-saving and environmentally friendly, and can significantly reduce long-term operation and maintenance costs.

[0018] (3) This application utilizes the solid-liquid state switching characteristics of phase change materials to achieve a leap from "static passive anti-icing" to "dynamic active de-icing". In the low-temperature solid state, the solid phase change material and the polymer together form a composite surface with low surface energy and high roughness, so that the water droplets are in a stable Cassie-Baxter state, exhibiting a superhydrophobic state with high contact angle and easy rolling, which is used for passive anti-icing, anti-fogging, and self-cleaning. After being heated and melted, the liquid phase change material forms a uniform and stable lubricating film in the micro-nano channels on the material surface. At this time, the interface becomes a "solid-liquid-gas / ice" state, and the actual contact area and adhesion force between the water droplet or ice layer and the substrate decrease sharply, exhibiting a superslip state with low sliding angle, which is used for efficient de-icing and dehumidification. Moreover, after the temperature decreases, the phase change material can become solid again and return to the superhydrophobic state, realizing the reversible switching between the superhydrophobic and wetting states.

[0019] (4) The inverse opal porous structure formed by etching micron- and nano-sized silica microspheres in this application is a regular three-dimensional porous structure. This inverse opal porous structure greatly increases the light trapping effect, causing multiple reflections and scatterings of light between the pore walls when irradiated, significantly extending the optical path, and enabling the carbon nanotubes embedded in the pore walls to fully absorb the almost full spectrum, greatly improving the photothermal conversion efficiency. Moreover, this structure provides a stable hierarchical roughness combining micron and nanoscale, which is the geometric basis for achieving a stable Cassie-Baxter state. At the same time, this inverse opal porous structure is a stable carrier for phase change materials, forming a complex porous network that restricts the flow path of molten phase change materials, and the liquid phase change materials are subjected to great capillary forces in the micro- and nano-pores, making them firmly adsorbed on the pore walls, preventing leakage and loss of phase change materials.

[0020] (5) The method for preparing the photothermal responsive superhydrophobic anti-icing coating with switchable wetting state provided in this application is simple and easy to implement, has low preparation cost, and is suitable for large-area preparation; any elastic substrate can be prepared with a superhydrophobic surface by the method provided in this application, which has a wide range of applications and can meet the needs of actual production and application. Attached Figure Description

[0021] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the process flow of this application.

[0022] Figure 2 These are electron microscope images of the micro-nano porous composite membrane prepared in Example 1 at different magnifications.

[0023] Figure 3 The images show a comparison of the surface state of the photothermal responsive superhydrophobic anti-icing coating prepared in Example 1 under infrared lamp irradiation and the sliding behavior of supercooled droplets on an inclined surface. The left and right images correspond to before and after irradiation, respectively. Detailed Implementation

[0024] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this application clearer, the application will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

[0025] It should also be noted that, in order to avoid obscuring this application with unnecessary details, only the structures and / or processing steps closely related to the solution of this application are shown in the accompanying drawings, while other details that are not closely related to this application are omitted.

[0026] Additionally, it should be noted that the terms “comprising,” “including,” or any other variations thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements includes not only those elements but also other elements not expressly listed, or elements inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus.

[0027] Please see Figure 1 As shown, this application provides a method for preparing a photothermal responsive superhydrophobic anti-icing coating with switchable wetting state, comprising the following steps: S1. Assemble and coat micron-sized silica microsphere powder onto a PDMS film block to obtain a single-layer silica microsphere array template; Among them, the method of assembling micron-sized silica microspheres into a single-layer silica microsphere array template is one of the following: friction assembly, liquid evaporation assembly, and interface assembly.

[0028] The particle size of the micron-sized silica microspheres is 3~10 μm.

[0029] S2. Mix acetone, resin polymer, nano-sized silica microspheres, photothermal material and phase change material, and then perform ultrasonic and magnetic stirring to disperse them evenly to obtain a filling solution. The resin polymer is polydimethylsiloxane, polymethyl methacrylate, or epoxy resin.

[0030] The photothermal material is one of carbon nanotubes, graphene, or iron oxide particles.

[0031] Phase change materials are alkane-based phase change materials, such as one of n-tetradecane, n-octadecane, and n-nonadecane. The phase change temperature of phase change materials is 0℃~30℃.

[0032] The particle size of the nanoscale silica microspheres is 200~500 nm.

[0033] S3. The filling solution obtained in step S2 is coated onto the single-layer silica microsphere array template obtained in step S1, placed in an oven for low-temperature initial curing, and then placed in a fume hood for complete acetone evaporation and curing to obtain a micro-nano composite film containing phase change material. The filling solution coating method is either spin coating or drop coating.

[0034] S4. Place the micro-nano composite film obtained in step S3 into hydrofluoric acid to etch silica microspheres, and then perform hydrophobic treatment to obtain a photothermal responsive superhydrophobic anti-icing coating with switchable wetting state.

[0035] The hydrophobic treatment method is one of the following: vapor deposition, solution immersion, or spraying.

[0036] The photothermal responsive superhydrophobic anti-icing coating prepared by the aforementioned method has a multi-level pore structure, which includes honeycomb-shaped micron-sized pores and nano-sized pores formed within the micron-sized pores.

[0037] The following describes the high wear-resistant transparent superhydrophobic anti-icing coating with a pyramid structure and its preparation method provided in this application, with reference to specific embodiments.

[0038] Example 1 This embodiment provides a method for preparing a photothermal responsive superhydrophobic anti-icing coating with switchable wetting state, including the following steps: S1. Preparation of a single-layer micron-sized silica microsphere template: First, prepare polydimethylsiloxane as the substrate material: place the mixture of polydimethylsiloxane prepolymer and curing agent in a vacuum oven to remove air bubbles, then slowly pour it onto the substrate, and place it in an 80°C drying oven to cure for 2 hours, so that the flexible substrate material polydimethylsiloxane is formed on the surface of the substrate.

[0039] Then, using the friction assembly method, silica powder with a particle size of 5 μm is sprinkled on the surface of the polydimethylsiloxane substrate material, and another polydimethylsiloxane block is used to rub the silica powder in one direction, so that the silica is tightly packed on the surface of the substrate material to form a single-layer silica microsphere array structure template.

[0040] S2. Preparation of the filling solution: First, solid n-octadecane was preheated in a 50°C oven until it melted into a liquid state. 1.5g of 200 nm silica microspheres were dispersed in acetone solvent and, after ultrasonic mixing, 1g of polymethyl methacrylate particles, 0.1g of carbon nanotubes, and 0.5g of liquid n-octadecane were added, along with an appropriate amount of dispersant. The mass ratio of silica microspheres:acetone:polymethyl methacrylate:carbon nanotubes:n-octadecane was 15:100:10:1:5. The mixture was magnetically stirred at 50°C for 2 hours and then ultrasonicated again to obtain the template-filled solution (filling solution).

[0041] S3. Preparation of composite membrane: The mixed solution obtained in step S2 is drop-coated onto the template containing the monolayer silica microsphere array structure obtained in step S1 using a pipette. Then, it is placed in an oven for initial curing at low temperature, and then placed in a fume hood until the acetone has completely evaporated and cured, thus obtaining a fully cured composite film.

[0042] In this embodiment, the low-temperature curing temperature of the oven is slightly higher than the phase transition temperature of n-octadecane, and the temperature is set to 45°C.

[0043] S4. Preparation of superhydrophobic porous composite membranes: The fully cured composite membrane obtained in step S3 was immersed in a hydrofluoric acid aqueous solution for 30 min to etch it, removing the silica microsphere template and the filled silica microspheres. After etching, the membrane was removed from the hydrofluoric acid aqueous solution, rinsed several times with deionized water, and air-dried at room temperature to obtain a honeycomb-like micro-nano porous composite membrane. Its SEM image is shown below. Figure 2 As shown.

[0044] Next, place the honeycomb micro-nano porous composite membrane into a vacuum desiccator, add two drops of silane reagent to the desiccator, evacuate for 15 minutes and let stand for 6 hours to obtain a hydrophobic honeycomb micro-nano porous composite membrane (photothermal responsive superhydrophobic anti-icing coating).

[0045] In this embodiment, the silane reagent is 1H,1H,2H,2H-perfluorooctyltrichlorosilane with a concentration of 99%.

[0046] The photothermal responsive superhydrophobic anti-icing coating with switchable wetting state prepared in this embodiment can autonomously and reversibly switch between "superhydrophobic icing delay" and "superslip active de-icing" according to temperature and light conditions, as shown in the schematic diagram. Figure 1 As shown.

[0047] In this embodiment, the coating prepared by solid phase change material and polymer together form a composite surface with low surface energy and high roughness in a low-temperature environment, so that water droplets are in a stable Cassie-Baxter state, exhibiting a superhydrophobic state with high contact angle and easy rolling or rebound. After being heated and melted, the liquid phase change material forms a uniform and stable lubricating film in the micro-nano channels of the material surface. At this time, the interface becomes a "solid-liquid-gas / ice" state, and the adhesion between the water droplet or ice layer and the substrate decreases sharply, exhibiting a superslip state with low sliding angle.

[0048] In this embodiment, the electron microscope image of the honeycomb micro / nano porous composite membrane obtained in step S4 is shown below. Figure 2 As shown, the micro-nano porous composite membrane prepared in this embodiment exhibits a micron-scale honeycomb structure; the nano-sized silica microspheres filling the interior are distributed within the micron-scale pores, forming a multi-level pore structure of "surface macropores + internal micropores".

[0049] To more clearly demonstrate the photothermal response performance and wetting state switching capability of the honeycomb micro / nano porous composite membrane prepared in Example 1, supercooled droplets were dropped onto its surface to compare the changes in the membrane surface and droplet state before and after photothermal treatment. The results are as follows: Figure 3 As shown.

[0050] Specifically, the honeycomb micro-nano porous composite membrane obtained in step S4 was placed at an angle and irradiated under an infrared lamp, and an appropriate amount of supercooled droplets were dropped onto the surface. The behavior of the droplets before and after irradiation was recorded.

[0051] As can be seen, before illumination, a small number of droplets immediately slid off due to the superhydrophobic surface, while most supercooled droplets remained embedded in the surface due to their temperature being below the freezing point. After illumination, as the temperature rose and exceeded the n-octadecane phase transition point, the composite membrane surface gradually wetted, forming an oil film. The temperature of the supercooled droplets that were originally attached to the surface increased, and they began to slide within seconds and eventually rolled off rapidly. This demonstration visually verifies that the prepared material (micro-nano porous composite membrane) can fully absorb light energy and convert it into heat energy, triggering a switch in surface wettability, thereby achieving active and efficient de-icing / dehumidification.

[0052] The preparation method provided in this embodiment can easily prepare a photothermal responsive superhydrophobic coating with switchable superhydrophobic and wettable states, realizing intelligent synergy of "photothermal triggering - phase change execution - wettability response" to meet the needs of practical applications.

[0053] Example 2 Compared with Example 1, the difference is that the silica powder with a particle size of 5 μm in step S1 is replaced with silica powder with a particle size of 3 μm. The remaining steps and parameters are the same as in Example 1, and will not be repeated here.

[0054] Example 3 Compared with Example 1, the difference is that the silica powder with a particle size of 5 μm in step S1 is replaced with silica powder with a particle size of 10 μm. The remaining steps and parameters are the same as in Example 1, and will not be repeated here.

[0055] Testing showed that the switchable wetting state photothermal responsive superhydrophobic coatings prepared in Examples 2 and 3 both possessed anti-icing properties. Furthermore, the surface contact angles of the samples from each example were ranked as follows: Example 1 > Example 3 > Example 2. This indicates that the microsphere size in the monolayer silica microsphere array template can affect hydrophobic properties, with larger particle sizes resulting in a more pronounced hydrophobic effect. However, excessively large particle sizes may cause water droplets to become trapped in the pores, thus affecting hydrophobic properties. Additionally, n-octadecane tends to float on the surface, impacting surface photothermal properties. This is mainly because the pore sizes prepared from microspheres of different sizes vary, leading to differences in light capture efficiency. Additionally, the capillary effect formed between adjacent pore structures differs, thus affecting the flow of molten octadecane.

[0056] Therefore, while ensuring that the microspheres are easy to fabricate into a single-layer template, in order to make the superhydrophobic surface have relatively better de-icing efficiency, this application preferably uses silica microspheres with a particle size of 3~10 μm.

[0057] It should be understood that in step S1, the substrate material is not limited to polydimethylsiloxane, but can also be other elastic substrates, as long as the colloidal microspheres can be successfully assembled on its surface.

[0058] The method of assembling colloidal microspheres can be any of the following: friction assembly, liquid evaporation assembly, or interface assembly. All of these methods can assemble colloidal microspheres into a monolayer microsphere array without affecting their hydrophobic effect.

[0059] In step S2, the phase change material used is an alkane-based phase change material, which can be one of n-tetradecane, n-octadecane, or n-nonadecanane.

[0060] In step S4, the hydrophobic treatment method can be vapor deposition, solution immersion, or spraying. All of these preparation methods can achieve synergistic de-icing and are within the scope of protection of this application.

[0061] In summary, this application assembles micron-sized silica microspheres into a single-layer microsphere array template, and fills the template with resin polymer, phase change material, nano-sized silica microspheres, photothermal material, and acetone. The micro- and nano-sized silica microspheres are then etched with hydrofluoric acid to form a honeycomb-like micro- and nano-porous membrane. Physical confinement and capillary forces encapsulate the phase change material within the polymer's three-dimensional network and porous structure. The porous membrane is then hydrophobically treated to form a stable and durable superhydrophobic surface. Through this method, this application utilizes its micro- and nano-porous structure to provide an ideal roughness basis for constructing a superhydrophobic surface. Simultaneously, the internal photothermal material provides excellent photothermal response performance. The coating surface is modified to reduce surface energy, achieving a superhydrophobic surface. Furthermore, the heat storage function of the phase change material allows it to delay icing in a superhydrophobic state at low temperatures, transitioning to a slip state for self-de-icing under photothermal triggering, thus achieving a photothermal responsive superhydrophobic and anti-icing function with switchable wetting states. The above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of this application and are not intended to limit it. Although this application has been described in detail with reference to preferred embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications or equivalent substitutions can be made to the technical solutions of this application without departing from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of this application.

Claims

1. A method for preparing a photothermal responsive superhydrophobic anti-icing coating with switchable wetting state, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: S1. Assemble and coat micron-sized silica microsphere powder onto a PDMS film to obtain a monolayer silica microsphere array template; S2. Mix acetone, resin polymer, nano-sized silica microspheres, photothermal material and phase change material, and then perform ultrasonic and magnetic stirring to disperse them evenly to obtain a filling solution. S3. The filling solution obtained in step S2 is coated onto the single-layer silica microsphere array template obtained in step S1, placed in an oven for low-temperature initial curing, and then placed in a fume hood for complete acetone evaporation and curing to obtain a micro-nano composite film containing phase change material. S4. Place the micro-nano composite film obtained in step S3 into hydrofluoric acid to etch silica microspheres to obtain a honeycomb-shaped micro-nano porous composite film; then perform hydrophobic treatment to obtain a photothermal responsive superhydrophobic anti-icing coating with switchable wetting state.

2. The method for preparing a photothermal responsive superhydrophobic anti-icing coating with switchable wetting state according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S1, the method for assembling micron-sized silica microspheres into the single-layer silica microsphere array template is one of the following: friction assembly, liquid evaporation assembly, or interface assembly.

3. The method for preparing the photothermal responsive superhydrophobic anti-icing coating with switchable wetting state according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S3, the filling solution is coated by spin coating or drop coating.

4. The method for preparing the photothermal responsive superhydrophobic anti-icing coating with switchable wetting state according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S4, the hydrophobic treatment method is one of vapor deposition, solution immersion, or spraying.

5. The method for preparing a photothermal responsive superhydrophobic anti-icing coating with switchable wetting state according to claim 1, characterized in that: The micron-sized silica microspheres have a particle size of 3~10 μm; the nano-sized silica microspheres have a particle size of 200~500 nm.

6. The method for preparing the photothermal responsive superhydrophobic anti-icing coating with switchable wetting state according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S2, the resin polymer is polydimethylsiloxane, polymethyl methacrylate, or epoxy resin.

7. The method for preparing a photothermal responsive superhydrophobic anti-icing coating with switchable wetting state according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S2, the photothermal material is one of carbon nanotubes, graphene, and iron oxide particles.

8. The method for preparing a photothermal responsive superhydrophobic anti-icing coating with switchable wetting state according to claim 1, characterized in that: The phase change material is an alkane-based phase change material, and the phase change temperature of the phase change material is 0℃~30℃.

9. The method for preparing a photothermal responsive superhydrophobic anti-icing coating with switchable wetting state according to claim 8, characterized in that: The phase change material is one of n-tetradecane, n-octadecane, and n-nonadecanane.

10. A photothermal responsive superhydrophobic anti-icing coating with switchable wetting state, characterized in that: The coating is prepared according to any one of claims 1 to 9; the photothermal responsive superhydrophobic anti-icing coating has a multi-level pore structure, the multi-level pore structure including honeycomb-shaped micron-sized pores and nano-sized pores formed within the micron-sized pores.

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