Glass curtain wall with thermal insulation performance and installation method thereof

Abstract

This invention discloses a glass curtain wall with thermal insulation properties and its installation method, comprising multiple interlocking composite thermal insulation glass units. Each composite thermal insulation glass unit, from the outdoor side to the indoor side, includes: an outer layer of low-emissivity coated glass; and a vacuum cavity disposed inside the outer layer of low-emissivity coated glass. The vacuum cavity has a vacuum level of less than 0.1 Pa, and regularly arranged support columns are disposed within the vacuum cavity to resist atmospheric pressure and maintain the gap within the vacuum cavity. This invention introduces rare earth oxides lanthanum oxide and cerium dioxide into the chemical composition of the curtain wall glass. 3+ Entering the gaps in the glass network increases the network structure packing density and shortens the phonon mean free path, thereby significantly reducing the lattice thermal conductivity of the glass; lanthanum oxide and cerium dioxide reduce thermal radiation penetration by absorbing infrared / ultraviolet radiation.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of heat-insulating glass technology, specifically to a glass curtain wall with heat-insulating properties and its installation method. Background Technology

[0002] With the continuous improvement of building energy efficiency standards and the in-depth promotion of "dual carbon" (carbon diversification), glass curtain walls, as an important component of modern building envelopes, have a decisive impact on the overall energy consumption of buildings due to their thermal insulation performance. Statistics show that heat loss from glass curtain walls can account for 30% to 50% of a building's total energy consumption; therefore, the development of high-performance thermally insulated glass curtain walls has become an important research direction in the field of building energy conservation.

[0003] Currently, glass curtain walls used for thermal insulation are mainly divided into three categories according to their structure: The first category is insulated glass composed of two or more layers of ordinary glass, with a heat transfer coefficient (U-value) typically ranging from 2.5 to 3.2 W / m². 2 The first type is between K; the second type is insulated glass made of glass coated with a low-emissivity (Low-E) film, whose U-value can be reduced to 1.5–2.0 W / m. 2 The third type is vacuum glass, consisting of double-layered glass with a support structure in the middle and negative pressure applied. Its theoretical U-value can be as low as 0.5 W / m. 2 Below K, it has excellent thermal insulation performance (heat transfer coefficient U≤0.5W / (m²)). 2 In recent years, aerogel materials have been gradually introduced into the field of glass curtain walls due to their extremely low thermal conductivity (approximately 0.018 W / (m·K)) and high visible light transmittance.

[0004] A search revealed that Chinese patent CN121675549A discloses a composite aerogel thermal insulation energy-saving curtain wall, whose core lies in the structural design of frame rods + expansion clamping parts + installation support components. Its thermal insulation performance mainly relies on the passive thermal resistance of the aerogel composite glass, without improving the thermophysical properties of the glass material itself. Chinese patent CN121700919A discloses an energy-saving building curtain wall, which adopts a composite scheme of photovoltaic power generation + intelligent ventilation + variable spacing hollow layer + aerogel particles. This scheme is complex, costly, and relies on an active control system, which poses a risk of electronic component failure. Chinese patent CN108147662B discloses a high-strength impact-resistant thermal insulation curtain wall glass, which improves thermal resistance performance by adjusting the glass raw material formula (60-100 parts of quartz sand, etc.) and adding various metal oxides. However, the light transmittance is significantly reduced, making it unsuitable for curtain wall applications requiring high light transmission.

[0005] The existing technical solutions have the following main shortcomings: the thermal conductivity of the glass substrate itself is relatively high; the thermal conductivity of soda-lime-silica glass is approximately 1.0 W / m·K, meaning heat can still be effectively conducted through the glass body. Although existing technologies use external aerogel layers or hollow layers to block heat conduction, they do not reduce the intrinsic thermal conductivity of the glass material at the chemical composition level. Furthermore, the difference in the coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) between the edge sealing material and the glass substrate in vacuum glass is significant. Under temperature cycling, interfacial stress concentration leads to fatigue cracking of the sealing layer, and the vacuum level gradually decreases over long-term use. Research shows that if glasses with different coefficients of linear expansion are joined together, the sealing point will crack under stress when the temperature is below the transition temperature. A reliable bond can only be achieved if the difference in expansion coefficients is no more than 10% and the transition temperatures are similar. Therefore, we propose a glass curtain wall with thermal insulation properties and its installation method. Summary of the Invention

[0006] The purpose of this invention is to provide a glass curtain wall with heat insulation properties and its installation method, so as to overcome the shortcomings of the prior art.

[0007] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution: a glass curtain wall with heat insulation properties, comprising multiple interlocking composite heat-insulating glass units, wherein the composite heat-insulating glass units, from the outdoor side to the indoor side, sequentially include: Outer layer low-emissivity coated glass; A vacuum chamber is disposed inside the outer low-emissivity coated glass. The vacuum chamber has a vacuum level of less than 0.1 Pa and regularly arranged support columns are disposed inside the vacuum chamber to resist atmospheric pressure and maintain the gap of the vacuum chamber. An aerogel filling layer is disposed inside the vacuum cavity. The aerogel filling layer is formed by filling silica nano-aerogel particles with a porosity greater than 90% and an average pore size of 20~50nm. The thickness of the aerogel filling layer is 6~12mm. An inner layer of low-emissivity coated glass is disposed on the inner side of the vacuum cavity; An edge sealing structure is provided around the circumferential edge of the composite heat-insulating glass unit to provide an airtight connection between the outer low-emissivity coated glass and the inner low-emissivity coated glass, and to define the space between the vacuum cavity and the aerogel filling layer. The raw materials of the glass substrates constituting the outer low-emissivity coated glass and the inner low-emissivity coated glass contain the following components by weight percentage: iron oxide 0.1%~0.3%, titanium dioxide 1.0%~3.0%, lanthanum oxide 0.3%~1.2%, cerium dioxide 0.2%~0.8%, magnesium oxide 3.0%~5.0%, silicon dioxide 68%~74%, sodium oxide 10%~14%, calcium oxide 6%~10%, and aluminum oxide 0.5%~1.5%.

[0008] Preferably, in the raw material composition of the glass substrate of the outer low-emissivity coated glass and the inner low-emissivity coated glass, the weight ratio of lanthanum oxide to iron oxide is (0.4~1.2):1, and the intrinsic thermal conductivity of the glass substrate at 25°C is 0.70~0.80 W / m·K, and the visible light transmittance is greater than 80%.

[0009] Preferably, the edge sealing structure includes an inner sealing layer, an intermediate transition layer, and an outer sealing layer arranged sequentially from the inside out, wherein: The inner sealing layer directly contacts the edge surfaces of the outer low-emissivity coated glass and the inner low-emissivity coated glass, and is formed by the melting and solidification of a mixture of low-melting-point glass powder and alumina filler, with a coefficient of thermal expansion of 7.8 × 10⁻⁶. -6 / K~8.2×10 -6 / K, with a thickness of 0.3~0.5mm, and the surface of the inner sealing layer is treated with titanium-copper metallization; The intermediate transition layer covers the inner sealing layer and is composed of a tin-silver-copper alloy solder layer with a coefficient of thermal expansion of 12 × 10⁻⁶. -6 / K~15×10 -6 / K, with a thickness of 0.2~0.3mm; The outer sealing layer covers the intermediate transition layer and is composed of a composite layer of silicone sealant and butyl rubber with a thickness of 1.0~2.0mm.

[0010] Preferably, the low-melting-point glass powder in the inner sealing layer is... The material is glass powder, and the amount of alumina filler added is 15% to 25% of the total mass of the inner sealing layer.

[0011] Preferably, the support column is cylindrical or frustum-shaped with a diameter of 0.5~1.0 mm, the center-to-center distance between adjacent support columns is 20~30 mm, and the support column is made of microcrystalline glass or high silica glass material with a thermal conductivity of less than 1.0 W / m·K.

[0012] Preferably, the low-emissivity coatings on the surfaces of the outer and inner low-emissivity coated glass are silver-based multilayer dielectric films, and the emissivity ε of the low-emissivity coatings is less than 0.1.

[0013] Preferably, the silica nano-aerogel particles filled in the aerogel filling layer are hydrophobic aerogel particles with a bulk density of 80~150 kg / m³. 3 .

[0014] Preferably, the overall heat transfer coefficient of the composite heat-insulating glass unit is 0.35~0.55W / m. 2 • K, visible light transmittance greater than 70%.

[0015] A method for installing a glass curtain wall with thermal insulation properties includes the following steps: Step S1: Provide multiple composite heat-insulating glass units prefabricated in the factory; Step S2: Install anodized aluminum alloy or hot-dip galvanized steel curtain wall keel on the main building structure, with a zinc layer thickness ≥85μm, and calibrate the flatness and verticality of the keel; Step S3: Fix the composite heat-insulating glass unit to the metal curtain wall keel using mechanical connectors, wherein an elastic pad with a length of ≥100mm is placed at the stress support point of the contact area between the edge of the composite heat-insulating glass unit and the metal curtain wall keel to buffer the installation stress. Step S4: Fill the joint between two adjacent composite heat-insulating glass units with weather-resistant sealant to form a continuous waterproof sealing surface; Step S5: Fill the inner space of the weather-resistant sealant at the joint with flexible thermal insulation material and add a waterproof vapor barrier layer to seal the joint cavity.

[0016] Preferably, the weather-resistant sealant used in step S4 is a low-modulus silicone weather-resistant sealant, and the flexible thermal insulation filler used in step S5 is a foamed polyethylene strip or a rock wool strip.

[0017] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are: This invention introduces rare earth oxides, lanthanum oxide and cerium dioxide, into the chemical composition of curtain wall glass. 3+ Increasing the packing density of the glass network by entering the gaps between the components shortens the mean free path of phonons, thereby significantly reducing the lattice thermal conductivity of the glass. Lanthanum oxide and cerium dioxide reduce thermal radiation penetration by absorbing infrared / ultraviolet radiation. Studies have shown that the thermal conductivity of the glass decreases with the increase of the lanthanum oxide / sodium oxide ratio. The synergistic effect of the above components reduces the intrinsic thermal conductivity of the glass substrate by 20% to 30% (from about 1.0 W / m·K to 0.70 to 0.80 W / m·K), while maintaining a visible light transmittance of ≥80%, achieving a balance between "low thermal conductivity and high light transmittance".

[0018] This invention employs a four-layer composite structure consisting of an outer Low-E coated glass layer, a vacuum cavity, an aerogel filling layer, and an inner Low-E coated glass layer. Within a single glass unit, it achieves a synergistic effect of three insulation mechanisms: vacuum insulation (eliminating gas conduction and convective heat transfer), aerogel filling (significantly reducing solid conduction through nanopores), and radiation shielding (reflecting heat radiation through the double-layer Low-E film). This breakthrough overcomes the existing technical approach of separating aerogel glass and vacuum glass, achieving a synergistic insulation effect greater than the sum of its parts (1+1>2). The overall U-value of the composite insulating glass unit can be as low as 0.35–0.55 W / m². 2 •K, which reduces the cost by 75% to 85% compared to traditional double-glazed curtain walls.

[0019] This invention designs an edge sealing structure with a gradient thermal expansion coefficient matching. It adopts a three-layer sealing system consisting of "low-melting-point glass powder + alumina filler inner sealing layer - Sn-Ag-Cu alloy brazing filler intermediate transition layer - silicone / butyl rubber outer sealing layer". The metallized layer ensures the wettability and bonding between the glass and the brazing filler, the inner brazing provides airtightness and structural strength, and the outer flexible seal buffers temperature difference stress and blocks water vapor penetration. The gradient CTE design allows thermal stress to be released step by step at the multi-layer interface, solving the industry problem of the vacuum degree gradually decreasing due to the mismatch of the thermal expansion coefficients between the traditional vacuum glass edge sealing material and the glass substrate. This ensures the long-term stability of the vacuum cavity and the expected service life of the curtain wall. Attached Figure Description

[0020] Figure 1 This is a schematic cross-sectional view of the composite heat-insulating glass unit of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a cross-sectional schematic diagram of the edge sealing structure of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0021] The present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to specific embodiments, comparative examples, and experimental examples. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are for illustrative purposes only and are not intended to limit the scope of protection of the present invention. Parameter substitutions and process adjustments made by those skilled in the art based on the core concept of the present invention, without inventive effort, are all within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0022] The raw materials, reagents, and instruments used in the embodiments of this invention are all commercially available products in the field and can be obtained through commercial channels. Example 1

[0023] Please see Figure 1-2 The glass curtain wall with heat insulation properties described in this invention comprises multiple interlocking composite heat-insulating glass units 1, and its specific preparation steps are as follows: (a) Preparation of low-emissivity coated glass substrates: According to the formula of Example 1, weigh out each raw material component, totaling 100 kg, including: 71.5 kg of silicon dioxide, 13.0 kg of sodium oxide, 8.5 kg of calcium oxide, 4.0 kg of magnesium oxide, 1.0 kg of aluminum oxide, 0.2 kg of iron oxide, 2.0 kg of titanium dioxide, 0.8 kg of lanthanum oxide, and 0.5 kg of cerium dioxide. Mix the above raw materials in a mixer for 30 minutes until uniform, and then put the mixture into a glass melting furnace and melt it at a temperature of 1550-1580°C for 6 hours. After clarification and homogenization, form it into a flat glass sheet with a thickness of 6 mm using the float glass process. The formed glass strip is annealed in an annealing furnace at 550-600°C to eliminate internal stress. After cooling, it is cut into glass substrates of the required size (e.g., 1200 mm × 3000 mm).

[0024] On one surface of the aforementioned glass substrate, a silver-based low-emissivity multilayer dielectric film is deposited using a magnetron sputtering deposition process. Specific process parameters include: background vacuum ≤ 5 × 10⁻⁶. -4 Pa, working gas is argon, sputtering power is 3.0 kW, and the following layers are deposited sequentially: bottom dielectric layer (silicon nitride, 15 nm thick), first functional layer (silver, 10 nm thick), and first barrier layer (NiCrO). x (2nm thick), intermediate dielectric layer (silicon nitride, 60nm thick), second functional layer (silver, 12nm thick), second barrier layer (NiCrO2). x The outer low-emissivity coated glass 10 and the inner low-emissivity coated glass 40 are prepared for use. The coated surfaces face the indoor side during subsequent assembly.

[0025] (ii) Assembly of composite heat-insulating glass units 1. Support column layout and edge sealing inner layer preparation: Take a piece of outer low-emissivity coated glass 10 (coated side facing up), and print the inner sealing layer paste at the edge of its upper surface. The inner sealing layer paste is made of... The mixture consists of low-melting-point glass powder (softening temperature approximately 420℃, average particle size ≤10μm) and alumina filler (average particle size ≤5μm) at a mass ratio of 80:20. The typical mass composition of the low-melting-point glass powder is: PbO 65%, 20%, ZnO 10%, 3% The paste contains 2% by mass, with a softening point (hemispherical point temperature) of 430℃±10℃, an average particle size ≤10μm, and 18% by mass of organic carrier (ethyl cellulose: terpineol = 1:10) to form a paste with a viscosity of 20~30Pa·s, a printing width of 8mm, and a thickness of about 0.5mm (about 0.4mm after sintering). Before the paste dries, support columns 21 are regularly arranged using an automatic column laying machine. The support columns 21 are cylindrical microcrystalline glass (thermal conductivity 0.8W / m·K), with a diameter of 0.8mm, a height of 1.0mm, and an adjacent center spacing of 25mm, arranged in a square array.

[0026] 2. Pre-sintering and Sealing Layer Curing: The glass sheet with the inner sealing layer slurry and support column 21 is fed into a tunnel furnace and heated to 430℃ at a rate of 5℃ / min. After holding at this temperature for 30 minutes, it is cooled with the furnace, allowing the inner sealing layer 51 to melt and solidify, forming an airtight bond with the glass edge. The thickness of the sintered inner sealing layer 51 is 0.4mm, and its coefficient of thermal expansion, measured by a thermomechanical analyzer (TMA), is 8.0×10⁻⁶. -6 / K.

[0027] 3. Preparation of the intermediate transition layer: A 50nm titanium layer and a 200nm copper layer are deposited on the surface of the inner sealing layer 51 by magnetron sputtering as a metallization layer; then, Sn-3.0Ag-0.5Cu alloy solder paste is ultrasonically coated to a thickness of approximately 0.3mm (approximately 0.25mm after melting), followed by reflow soldering under nitrogen protection at a peak temperature of 250℃. After cooling, the intermediate transition layer 52 is formed, with a coefficient of thermal expansion of approximately 13.5×10⁻⁶. -6 / K.

[0028] 4. Preparation of Aerogel Filling Layer: An inner sealing layer 51 and an intermediate transition layer 52 are prepared at the edge of another inner low-emissivity coated glass 40 (coated side down) (same as steps 1-3). Then, an aerogel filling layer 30 is laid in the intermediate region, specifically with a bulk density of 120 kg / m³. 3 Hydrophobic silica nano-aerogel particles with a porosity of 93% and an average pore size of 30 nm were dried in a vacuum drying oven at 120 °C and a vacuum degree ≤0.1 Pa for 12 hours to remove adsorbed gases. They were then evenly spread on a glass surface with a thickness controlled at 10 mm and smoothed with a scraper. To prevent the slow release of residual gas in the aerogel filling layer from causing a decrease in the vacuum degree of the vacuum chamber, a light-transmitting high-barrier film (polyvinylidene chloride-coated PET film, thickness ≤50 μm) was placed on the side of the aerogel layer facing the vacuum chamber. This film has low transmittance to oxygen and water vapor. A desiccant spacer strip (aluminum strip filled with 3A molecular sieve desiccant, cross-sectional size 6 mm × 8 mm) was placed around the perimeter of the aerogel layer near the sealing layer to prevent edge thermal bridging and adsorb residual moisture in the chamber.

[0029] 5. Assembly and Vacuum Sealing: The prepared outer glass assembly (with support pillars) and inner glass assembly (with aerogel layer) are aligned and stacked in a vacuum assembly chamber. The assembly chamber is evacuated to 0.05 Pa. Then, the temperature of the edge sealing area is raised to about 260°C by a heating device, so that the intermediate transition layer 52 (Sn-Ag-Cu alloy brazing filler) between the upper and lower glass pieces melts and bonds together. After holding at this temperature for 5 minutes, it is slowly cooled to room temperature to achieve airtight sealing of the vacuum chamber 20. At this time, the gap of the vacuum chamber 20 is 1.0 mm and the internal vacuum degree is 0.05 Pa.

[0030] 6. Preparation of outer sealing layer: On the circumferential edge of the sealed composite glass unit, on the outside of the intermediate transition layer 52, butyl rubber sealant (thickness of about 1.0 mm) and silicone sealant (thickness of about 0.5 mm) are applied in sequence to form an outer sealing layer 53 with a total thickness of 1.5 mm, which further ensures airtightness and waterproofness and buffers mechanical stress. After standing and curing for 24 hours, a complete composite heat-insulating glass unit 1 is obtained.

[0031] (III) Curtain wall installation The composite heat-insulating glass unit 1 prepared in this embodiment is installed in the curtain wall according to the following steps: Step S1: Transport the factory-prefabricated composite heat-insulating glass unit 1 (1200mm×3000mm) to the construction site; Step S2: Install anodized aluminum alloy curtain wall keel on the main building structure, mark the grid, re-measure the elevation and axis deviation ≤±3mm, connect the columns to the embedded parts with bolts through the adapter, connect the beams to the columns with bolts, and calibrate the flatness and verticality with a laser theodolite. Step S3: Fix the composite heat-insulating glass unit 1 to the keel with stainless steel brackets, install from bottom to top, and place EPDM elastic pads with a length of 100mm and a thickness of 5mm at the stress support points. Step S4: Fill the joint between adjacent units with foam rods, and inject low-modulus silicone weather-resistant sealant, ensuring the sealant joint is full and free of air bubbles; Step S5: Fill the inside of the joint with foamed polyethylene strips and install a waterproof vapor barrier to seal the cavity. Example 2

[0032] This embodiment is basically the same as Embodiment 1, except that the raw material composition of the glass substrate is adjusted to the formula of Embodiment 2, namely: 70.5% silicon dioxide, 12.5% ​​sodium oxide, 9.0% calcium oxide, 4.5% magnesium oxide, 1.2% aluminum oxide, 0.25% iron oxide, 2.5% titanium dioxide, 1.0% lanthanum oxide, 0.3% cerium dioxide, and lanthanum oxide / iron oxide = 1.2:1. Melting, coating, assembly and installation are the same as in Embodiment 1. Example 3

[0033] This embodiment is basically the same as Embodiment 1, except that the raw material composition of the glass substrate is adjusted to the formula of Embodiment 3, namely: silicon dioxide 72.0%, sodium oxide 13.5%, calcium oxide 8.0%, magnesium oxide 3.5%, aluminum oxide 0.8%, iron oxide 0.2%, titanium dioxide 1.5%, lanthanum oxide 0.5%, cerium dioxide 0.6%, lanthanum oxide / iron oxide = 0.42:1, and melting, coating, assembly and installation are the same as in Embodiment 1. Example 4

[0034] This embodiment is basically the same as Embodiment 1, except that the thickness of the aerogel filling layer 30 is adjusted to 12mm and the height of the support column 21 is adjusted to 1.2mm. Other process steps and parameters are the same as in Embodiment 1.

[0035] Comparative Example 1 (Traditional Insulating Glass) Commercially available 6mm sodium-calcium-silicon float glass (without added lanthanum oxide and cerium dioxide, intrinsic thermal conductivity of approximately 1.02 W / m·K) is used to manufacture insulated glass units consisting of 6mm glass + 12mm air gap + 6mm glass, following conventional insulated glass manufacturing processes. The air gap is double-sealed with aluminum spacer strips + butyl sealant + polysulfide sealant, and the air gap is filled with dry air. During installation, traditional aluminum alloy sub-frames are used for connection.

[0036] Comparative Example 2 (Low-E Insulating Glass) An insulated glass unit consisting of a 6mm single-silver Low-E coated glass (emissivity ε=0.10) and a 6mm ordinary soda-lime silica glass is made. The Low-E coating faces the air gap, and the edge sealing and installation method are the same as in Comparative Example 1.

[0037] Comparative Example 3 (Single Vacuum Glass) It uses two pieces of 6mm ordinary soda-lime silica glass (without rare earth oxides), with stainless steel support columns of 0.5mm height in the middle (spaced 30mm apart), and the edges are made of low melting point glass powder. The system (excluding the gradient transition layer and outer sealing layer) was fused and sealed at 450℃, then evacuated to 0.1 Pa and unsealed. The heat transfer coefficient of the resulting vacuum glass unit was measured to be 0.65 W / m². 2 ·K.

[0038] Comparative Example 4 (Single aerogel glass) It uses two 6mm ordinary soda-lime silica glass sheets, with a 10mm thick silica aerogel particle filling the space between them (porosity 90%, bulk density 130kg / m³). 3 The edges are sealed with a double layer of polysulfide rubber and butyl rubber, and no vacuum cavity is provided. The heat transfer coefficient of the resulting aerogel glass unit was tested to be 0.85 W / m. 2·K.

[0039] The following performance tests were conducted on the composite heat-insulating glass units 1 prepared in Examples 1-4 and Comparative Examples 1-4, and the installed curtain wall systems. The test items and test methods are as follows: 1. Intrinsic thermal conductivity test of glass substrate: The test was conducted according to GB / T10294-2008 "Determination of steady-state thermal resistance and related properties of thermal insulation materials - protective hot plate method". The glass substrate was cut into samples with dimensions of 300mm×300mm×6mm. After the surface was cleaned and dried, the samples were placed in a protective hot plate apparatus. The hot plate temperature was set to 35℃, the cold plate temperature was set to 15℃, and the average test temperature was 25℃. After the system reached steady-state heat flux, the heat flux density and temperature difference were recorded. The intrinsic thermal conductivity of the glass substrate was calculated according to Fourier's law. Three samples were tested for each example, and the average value was taken as the final result.

[0040] 2. Visible light transmittance test of glass substrate: The test was conducted in accordance with GB / T2680-2021 "Determination of visible light transmittance, direct solar transmittance, total solar transmittance, ultraviolet transmittance and related window glass parameters of architectural glass". The spectral transmittance of the glass substrate was measured in the wavelength range of 380-780nm using a spectrophotometer. The visible light transmittance was calculated according to the weighting coefficient specified in the standard. During the test, the surface of the glass substrate was clean and free of scratches, and the incident angle was 0° (perpendicular incidence).

[0041] 3. Overall heat transfer coefficient (U-value) test of composite insulated glass unit: The test was conducted according to the hot chamber method in GB / T8484-2020 "Classification and Test Method of Thermal Insulation Performance of Building Exterior Doors and Windows". The composite insulated glass unit (1500mm×1500mm) was installed in a calibrated thermal test chamber. The temperature inside the hot chamber was set to 20℃±0.5℃ and the temperature inside the cold chamber was set to -20℃±0.5℃. After the system reached steady-state heat transfer, three consecutive measurements were taken (30 minutes per cycle). The heating power of the hot chamber, the heat loss of the chamber wall, and the temperature difference between the two sides of the glass unit were recorded. The heat transfer coefficient U-value of the glass unit was calculated.

[0042] 4. Visible light transmittance test of composite heat-insulating glass unit: The test method is the same as the visible light transmittance test of glass substrate. The sample is a complete composite heat-insulating glass unit with a size of not less than 300mm×300mm.

[0043] 5. Weighted sound insulation Rw test: The test was conducted in accordance with GB / T19889.3-2005 "Acoustics of Buildings and Building Components - Part 3: Laboratory Measurement of Airborne Sound Insulation of Building Components". A composite heat-insulating glass unit with a size of 1500mm×1500mm was installed in the test opening of the sound insulation laboratory. The surrounding area was sealed with sealant to ensure no lateral sound transmission. The average sound pressure level of the source room and the receiving room was measured in the frequency range of 100 to 3150Hz using a 1 / 3 octave band. The weighted sound insulation Rw was calculated according to the reference curve method specified in the standard.

[0044] 6. Overall heat transfer coefficient (U-value) test of the curtain wall system: The test shall be conducted in accordance with the hot box method of GB / T8484-2020. The curtain wall unit panel (1.2m×3.0m in size) including the keel and connecting components shall be completely installed on the test box. The test conditions shall be the same as those for the glass unit U-value test. During the test, it is necessary to ensure that the connection between the curtain wall panel and the test box is fully sealed to eliminate the influence of installation gaps on heat flow.

[0045] 7. Air tightness test: The test shall be conducted in accordance with GB / T15227-2019. The curtain wall specimen shall be installed on the pressure chamber and the air permeability shall be measured under the pressure difference of ±300Pa. The air permeability shall be converted into the air permeability per unit seam length. Before the test, it shall be confirmed that all sealing parts are intact and the mechanical connections are firm.

[0046] The specific data are shown in Tables 1 and 2 below: Table 1 Table 2 The data in Tables 1 and 2 show that: In Examples 1-4 of this invention, the glass substrate composition was optimized by introducing rare earth oxides lanthanum oxide and cerium dioxide, which reduced the intrinsic thermal conductivity of the glass substrate to 0.72-0.77 W / m·K, a reduction of 24%-29% compared to the ordinary soda-lime-silicon glass (approximately 1.02 W / m·K) in Comparative Examples 1-4. At the same time, the visible light transmittance was maintained at 81%-83%, achieving a good balance between low thermal conductivity and high light transmittance.

[0047] Embodiments 1-4 of this invention employ a composite structure of "vacuum cavity + aerogel filling layer," achieving an overall U-value of 0.38–0.48 W / m for the composite heat-insulating glass unit. 2 • K, compared to conventional insulated glass (2.80 W / m) in Comparative Example 1 2 • K) reduced by 83%–86%, compared to the control example 2 Low-E insulated glass (1.80 W / m) 2 • K) decreased by 73%–79%, compared to Comparative Example 3 single vacuum glass (0.65 W / m 2• K) decreased by 26%–42%, compared to Comparative Example 4 single aerogel glass (0.85 W / m) 2 • K) is reduced by 44% to 55%. This indicates that the multi-mechanism synergistic insulation scheme of the present invention produces a significant synergistic effect.

[0048] In Embodiment 4 of the present invention, after increasing the thickness of the aerogel filling layer to 12 mm, the U value of the composite unit was further reduced to 0.38 W / m. 2 K demonstrates that within the thickness range of this invention, the thermal insulation performance is positively correlated with the thickness of the aerogel layer, and can be flexibly adjusted according to specific energy-saving requirements.

[0049] The overall U-value of the curtain wall system in this embodiment of the invention is between 0.90 and 1.02 W / m. 2 The values ​​are between K and K, which are much lower than the system U values ​​of comparative examples 1-4, and meet the requirements of GB / T51350-2019 "Technical Standard for Near-Zero Energy Buildings" for the thermal performance of the external envelope.

[0050] In terms of sound insulation performance, the weighted sound insulation of the embodiment of the present invention reaches 40-42dB, which is significantly improved compared with the comparative example of hollow glass structure (28-35dB), thanks to the effective blocking of sound wave transmission by the vacuum cavity.

[0051] In summary, this invention has successfully prepared a heat-insulating glass curtain wall with ultra-low heat transfer coefficient, high visible light transmittance, and excellent sound insulation performance through optimization of glass substrate chemical composition, multi-mechanism synergistic composite structure design, and innovative edge sealing structure matching with gradient thermal expansion. It has broad application prospects in the field of building energy conservation.

[0052] Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions, and variations can be made to these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention. For example, the specific thickness of each layer can be appropriately adjusted within the range defined in the claims according to actual usage requirements; the raw material ratio of the glass substrate can be finely adjusted within the content range defined in the claims; the material of the support column can be replaced with other materials such as stainless steel that meet the thermal conductivity requirements; the aerogel filling material can be other nanoporous materials with similar porosity and thermal conductivity; the connection method and sealing material in the installation method can also be selected from conventional equivalent alternatives in the art according to actual engineering conditions. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, and improvements made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the scope of protection of the claims of the present invention. The scope of protection of the present invention is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A glass curtain wall with thermal insulation properties, characterized in that, It includes multiple interlocking composite heat-insulating glass units (1), wherein the composite heat-insulating glass unit (1) comprises, from the outdoor side to the indoor side, the following: Outer layer low-emissivity coated glass (10); A vacuum chamber (20) is disposed inside the outer low-emissivity coated glass (10). The vacuum chamber (20) has a vacuum degree of less than 0.1 Pa. Regularly arranged support columns (21) are disposed inside the vacuum chamber (20) to resist atmospheric pressure and maintain the gap of the vacuum chamber (20). An aerogel filling layer (30) is disposed inside the vacuum cavity (20). The aerogel filling layer (30) is formed by filling silica nano-aerogel particles with a porosity greater than 90% and an average pore size of 20~50nm. The thickness of the aerogel filling layer (30) is 6~12mm. An inner layer of low-emissivity coated glass (40) is disposed on the inner side of the vacuum cavity (20); An edge sealing structure (50) is provided around the circumferential edge of the composite heat-insulating glass unit (1) for airtightly connecting the outer low-emissivity coated glass (10) and the inner low-emissivity coated glass (40), and defining the space of the vacuum cavity (20) and the aerogel filling layer (30). The raw materials of the glass substrates constituting the outer low-emissivity coated glass (10) and the inner low-emissivity coated glass (40) contain the following components by weight percentage: iron oxide 0.1%~0.3%, titanium dioxide 1.0%~3.0%, lanthanum oxide 0.3%~1.2%, cerium dioxide 0.2%~0.8%, magnesium oxide 3.0%~5.0%, silicon dioxide 68%~74%, sodium oxide 10%~14%, calcium oxide 6%~10%, and aluminum oxide 0.5%~1.5%.

2. The glass curtain wall with heat insulation properties according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the raw material composition of the glass substrates of the outer low-emissivity coated glass (10) and the inner low-emissivity coated glass (40), the weight ratio of lanthanum oxide to iron oxide is (0.4~1.2):1, and the intrinsic thermal conductivity of the glass substrate at 25°C is 0.70~0.80W / m·K, and the visible light transmittance is greater than 80%.

3. The glass curtain wall with heat insulation properties according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: The edge sealing structure (50) includes an inner sealing layer (51), an intermediate transition layer (52), and an outer sealing layer (53) arranged sequentially from the inside to the outside, wherein: The inner sealing layer (51) directly contacts the edge surfaces of the outer low-emissivity coated glass (10) and the inner low-emissivity coated glass (40), and is formed by melting and solidifying a mixture of low-melting-point glass powder and alumina filler, with a coefficient of thermal expansion of 7.8 × 10⁻⁶. -6 / K~8.2×10 -6 / K, with a thickness of 0.3~0.5mm, and the inner sealing layer (51) surface is treated with titanium-copper metallization; The intermediate transition layer (52) covers the inner sealing layer (51) and is composed of a tin-silver-copper alloy solder layer with a thermal expansion coefficient of 12 × 10⁻⁶. -6 / K~15×10 -6 / K, with a thickness of 0.2~0.3mm; The outer sealing layer (53) covers the intermediate transition layer (52) and is composed of a composite layer of silicone sealant and butyl rubber with a thickness of 1.0~2.0 mm.

4. The glass curtain wall with heat insulation properties according to claim 3, characterized in that: The low-melting-point glass powder in the inner sealing layer (51) is The alumina filler is glass powder, and the amount of alumina filler added is 15% to 25% of the total mass of the inner sealing layer (51).

5. The glass curtain wall with heat insulation properties according to claim 1, characterized in that: The support column (21) is cylindrical or frustum-shaped with a diameter of 0.5~1.0 mm. The center-to-center distance between adjacent support columns (21) is 20~30 mm. The support column (21) is made of microcrystalline glass or high silica glass material with a thermal conductivity of less than 1.0 W / m·K.

6. The glass curtain wall with heat insulation properties according to claim 1, characterized in that: The low-emissivity coatings on the surfaces of the outer low-emissivity coated glass (10) and the inner low-emissivity coated glass (40) are silver-based multilayer dielectric films, and the emissivity ε of the low-emissivity coatings is less than 0.

1.

7. The glass curtain wall with heat insulation properties according to claim 1, characterized in that: The silica nano-aerogel particles filled in the aerogel filling layer (30) are hydrophobic aerogel particles with a bulk density of 80~150 kg / m³. 3 .

8. The glass curtain wall with heat insulation properties according to claim 1, characterized in that: The overall heat transfer coefficient of the composite heat-insulating glass unit (1) is 0.35~0.55W / m. 2 • K, visible light transmittance greater than 70%.

9. A method for installing a glass curtain wall with thermal insulation properties as described in any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that: Includes the following steps: Step S1: Provide multiple composite heat-insulating glass units (1) that are prefabricated in the factory; Step S2: Install anodized aluminum alloy or hot-dip galvanized steel curtain wall keel on the main building structure, with a zinc layer thickness ≥85μm, and calibrate the flatness and verticality of the keel; Step S3: Fix the composite heat-insulating glass unit (1) to the metal curtain wall keel through mechanical connectors, wherein an elastic pad with a length of ≥100mm is placed at the stress support point of the contact part between the edge of the composite heat-insulating glass unit (1) and the metal curtain wall keel to buffer the installation stress. Step S4: Fill the joint between two adjacent composite heat-insulating glass units (1) with weather-resistant sealant to form a continuous waterproof sealing surface; Step S5: Fill the inner space of the weather-resistant sealant at the joint with flexible thermal insulation material and add a waterproof vapor barrier layer to seal the joint cavity.

10. The installation method of the glass curtain wall with heat insulation properties according to claim 9, characterized in that: The weather-resistant sealant used in step S4 is a low-modulus silicone weather-resistant sealant, and the flexible thermal insulation filler used in step S5 is foamed polyethylene strips or rock wool strips.

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