An ancient brick chamber tomb internal protection support structure and disassembly type relocation method

Abstract

This invention discloses an internal protective support structure for ancient brick chamber tombs and a method for disassembling and relocating them, relating to the field of tomb protection technology. The protective support structure includes an isolation buffer layer, a load-bearing layer, and a support body located inside the tomb chamber. The support body comprises a cuboid structure with multiple intersecting horizontal beams, longitudinal beams, and longitudinal beams, which permeates and fills the tomb chamber. The disassembly and relocation method includes preliminary surveying, pretreatment and pre-reinforcement, construction of the protective support structure, disassembly of the tomb bricks, and storage of the tomb bricks. It can be applied to ancient brick chamber tombs of various sizes, without limitations based on the original site terrain or region. Furthermore, by utilizing its internal protective support structure, it can effectively prevent accidents such as collapses during disassembly and relocation, and also better protect the content of the tomb murals from damage.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of tomb protection technology, specifically to an internal protective support structure for ancient brick chamber tombs and a method for disassembly and relocation. Background Technology

[0002] Ancient brick-chambered tombs often suffer from structural defects, looting, and poor preservation conditions, making on-site protection impossible and necessitating relocation. Patent CN117287065A discloses a method for relocating ancient tombs, which primarily involves reinforcing the tomb before hoisting it for relocation. This method requires the use of a crane, but the reinforced tomb is generally quite large, placing strict requirements on the crane's load-bearing capacity. It is only suitable for relatively small tombs and requires adequate access to the original site, ensuring the crane can operate normally. Therefore, this method has significant limitations and a relatively limited scope of application. Summary of the Invention

[0003] The purpose of this invention is to provide an internal protective support structure for ancient brick chamber tombs, which can effectively support and protect the tomb chamber and prevent accidents such as collapse during dismantling and relocation.

[0004] Another objective of this invention is to provide a method for dismantling and relocating ancient brick chamber tombs. This method has a wide range of applications and can be applied to ancient brick chamber tomb structures of various sizes. It also has no special restrictions on the original site of the tomb and is more conducive to the protection of ancient brick chamber tombs.

[0005] The technical solution of the present invention is as follows: On the one hand, embodiments of the present invention provide an internal protective support structure for ancient brick chamber tombs, which includes a tomb chamber, an isolation buffer layer, a load-bearing layer, and a support body disposed inside the tomb chamber. The isolation buffer layer abuts against the inner wall of the tomb chamber, the load-bearing layer is disposed on the side of the isolation buffer layer away from the inner wall of the tomb chamber, and the support body is disposed on the side of the load-bearing layer away from the isolation buffer layer. The aforementioned support structure includes multiple crossbeams, multiple longitudinal beams, and multiple horizontal beams. These crossbeams, longitudinal beams, and horizontal beams are interconnected to form a cuboid structure with multiple squares, which is filled throughout the aforementioned tomb chamber.

[0006] On the other hand, embodiments of the present invention also provide a method for disassembling and relocating ancient brick chamber tombs, which uses the aforementioned internal protective support structure and includes the following steps: Preliminary surveying: The tomb passage, gate tower, burial chamber, and walls of the burial chamber were surveyed and mapped to create a structural current status diagram. The tomb was also subjected to virtual tour data collection and processing, as well as digital 3D scanning. The bricks of each part of the tomb were numbered on the digital drawings obtained from the scan. Pretreatment and pre-reinforcement: The murals in the tomb were cleaned of their defects, and the fragile parts of the murals were reinforced by spraying with a gelatin solution. Construction of protective support structure: The aforementioned internal protective support structure shall be constructed inside the mural tomb chamber; Tomb brick dismantling: Starting from the top of the tomb chamber, dismantle layer by layer from the outside to the inside, number each dismantled tomb brick, and make sure that the numbering of the tomb bricks is consistent with the corresponding part of the digital map in the previous surveying steps. Tomb brick storage: The dismantled tomb bricks are categorized and transferred to warehouse storage shelves according to different tomb chambers and orientations, and the corresponding tomb brick location information is marked on the warehouse storage shelves.

[0007] Compared with the prior art, the embodiments of the present invention have at least the following advantages or beneficial effects: Regarding the first aspect, the present invention provides an internal protective support structure for ancient brick chamber tombs. By setting an isolation buffer layer and a load-bearing layer on the inner wall of the tomb, and building a cuboid support structure with multiple squares on the basis of the load-bearing layer in the internal space of the tomb, the tomb chamber can be effectively supported and fixed, protecting the murals in the tomb chamber and avoiding accidents such as collapse during subsequent dismantling and transportation, thus protecting the murals from damage.

[0008] Regarding the second aspect, this invention also provides a method for the dismantling and relocation of ancient brick chamber tombs. First, the interior of the tomb and the murals within the chamber are surveyed and scanned. Computer technology is used to create a 3D model of the tomb and draw mural drawings. Each corresponding area of ​​the tomb bricks in the model and drawings is numbered. Then, the mural walls are cleaned of damage and reinforced with a spray coating. The aforementioned protective support structure is then erected inside the tomb. Subsequently, from outside the tomb, the dismantling process begins layer by layer from the top of the chamber. Simultaneously, the dismantled tomb bricks are numbered so that their numbers match the corresponding area numbers in the 3D model and mural drawings, facilitating later preservation, protection, and reconstruction. The obtained tomb bricks are then categorized and stored on shelves in a warehouse, with the location information of each brick recorded. This technical method is applicable to brick chamber tombs of various sizes and can effectively transfer and protect tombs. Attached Figure Description

[0009] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the accompanying drawings used in the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. It should be understood that the following drawings only show some embodiments of the present invention and should not be regarded as a limitation on the scope. For those skilled in the art, other related drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0010] Figure 1A schematic diagram of the internal protective support structure of an ancient brick chamber tomb provided by this invention; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the planar partitioning of a mural tomb in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the sub-division of the east wall of the main chamber of a mural tomb in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the two-dimensional numbering of the floor brick sections of a mural tomb passage in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the three-level partitioning of the east wall of the main chamber in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of some three-dimensional numbers in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0011] Attached reference numerals: 1-Isolation buffer layer, 2-Supporting layer, 3-Support body, 301-Horizontal beam, 302-Longitudinal beam, 303-Horizontal beam, 304-Top support beam, 4-Inner wall of the tomb chamber. Detailed Implementation

[0012] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. The components of the embodiments of the present invention described and shown in the accompanying drawings can generally be arranged and designed in various different configurations.

[0013] Therefore, the following detailed description of the embodiments of the invention provided in the accompanying drawings is not intended to limit the scope of the claimed invention, but merely to illustrate selected embodiments of the invention. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without inventive effort are within the scope of protection of the invention.

[0014] In the description of the embodiments of the present invention, it should also be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the terms "set" and "connection" should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; they can refer to a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; and they can refer to the internal connection of two components. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in the present invention according to the specific circumstances.

[0015] It should be noted that the term "comprising," or any other variation thereof, is intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements includes not only those elements but also other elements not expressly listed, or elements inherent to such a process, method, article, or apparatus. Unless otherwise specified, an element defined by the phrase "comprising..." does not exclude the presence of other identical elements in the process, method, article, or apparatus that includes it.

[0016] It should be noted that, unless otherwise specified in the examples, the conditions should be performed under standard conditions or conditions recommended by the manufacturer. Reagents or instruments whose manufacturers are not specified are all commercially available products.

[0017] The features and performance of the present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to embodiments.

[0018] Example 1 Please see Figure 1 This embodiment provides an internal protective support structure for an ancient brick chamber tomb, which includes a tomb chamber, an isolation buffer layer 1, a load-bearing layer 2, and a support body 3 disposed inside the tomb chamber. The isolation buffer layer 1 abuts against the inner wall 4 of the tomb chamber. The load-bearing layer 2 is disposed on the side of the isolation buffer layer 1 away from the inner wall 4 of the tomb chamber. The support body 3 is disposed on the side of the load-bearing layer 2 away from the isolation buffer layer 1. The aforementioned support 3 includes multiple crossbeams 301, multiple longitudinal beams 302, and multiple horizontal beams 303. The multiple crossbeams 301, longitudinal beams 302, and horizontal beams 303 are interconnected to form a cuboid structure with multiple squares, which is filled throughout the aforementioned tomb chamber.

[0019] Furthermore, in some embodiments of the present invention, the support body 3 further includes a plurality of top support beams 304, one end of any one of the top support beams 304 being connected to the top crossbeam 301 of the square structure of the support body 3, and the other end being connected to the load-bearing layer 2 located at the top of the tomb chamber.

[0020] Furthermore, in some embodiments of the present invention, the above-mentioned isolation buffer layer 1 is made of foam material and is covered with a plastic film on its outer surface; The aforementioned load-bearing layer 2 and the aforementioned support body 3 are made of wood, and the cross-connection parts of the aforementioned support body 3 are fixed with angle iron and wood screws.

[0021] In the above embodiment, by setting an isolation buffer layer 1 and a stress-bearing layer 2 on the inner wall 4 of the tomb chamber, and building a support body 3 with a cuboid structure with multiple squares on the basis of the stress-bearing layer 2 in the inner space of the tomb chamber, the tomb chamber can be effectively supported and fixed, the murals in the tomb chamber can be protected, and accidents such as collapse can be avoided during subsequent disassembly and transportation, thus protecting the murals from damage.

[0022] Example 2 This embodiment provides a method for the dismantling and relocation of ancient brick chamber tombs, which includes the following steps: Preliminary surveying: The tomb passage, gate tower, burial chamber, and walls of the burial chamber were surveyed and mapped to create a structural current status diagram. The tomb was also subjected to virtual tour data collection and processing, as well as digital 3D scanning. The bricks of each part of the tomb were numbered on the digital drawings obtained from the scan. In this embodiment, taking a mural tomb as an example, the mural tomb is photographed and videotaped on-site, and the central cross-sectional view and plan view of the mural tomb are obtained by surveying and mapping, and its internal three-dimensional scan image is obtained to establish a corresponding three-dimensional model; First, based on the map information obtained from the preliminary survey and scanning, the interior of the mural tomb was divided into sections. In this implementation, a certain mural tomb was divided into four large areas, such as... Figure 2 As shown, Zone 1 is the tomb passage floor tiles, Zone 2 is the gate tower, Zone 3 is the main chamber, and Zone 4 is the rear chamber. Then, the walls and facades of each zone are further subdivided, with different areas of each wall surface becoming sub-districts, such as... Figure 3 As shown, it is a schematic diagram of the sub-divisions of the east wall of the main chamber of a mural tomb. The different parts outlined by the dashed lines represent different sub-divisions of the wall.

[0023] According to the specific zones, the tomb bricks on the wall surface of each area are numbered from right to left and from bottom to top, resulting in two-dimensional numbered drawings for each zone, such as... Figure 4 The diagram shows the two-dimensional numbering of the tomb bricks in the tomb passage floor section. Starting from the top left corner, the two-dimensional numbers of the tomb bricks in the top row from left to right are DZ01, DZ02, DZ03, and DZ04, respectively. The letter DZ represents the initial letter of the pinyin for "tomb passage" in the section "tomb passage floor bricks". The two-dimensional numbering rules for the tomb bricks in the other rows below are the same.

[0024] The two-dimensional numbering of the mural tomb can only serve as a reference for the preliminary status survey and for verification after the future construction and restoration of the mural tomb. In order to ensure the smooth dismantling and protection and restoration of the mural tomb, and to preserve the historical information of the mural tomb to the greatest extent, it is necessary to further introduce an absolute coordinate system (x,y,z) based on the map information obtained by scanning and mapping, and to further number each tomb brick in three dimensions.

[0025] In this embodiment, the east-west direction of a mural tomb is defined as the X-axis of the coordinate system, with the direction from east to west being positive; the north-south direction of the tomb chamber is defined as the Z-axis of the coordinate system, with the direction from north to south being positive; and the vertical direction of the tomb chamber floor is defined as the Y-axis of the coordinate system, with the direction from bottom to top being positive.

[0026] Based on the four main areas previously defined, these are designated as primary zones (i.e., the tomb passage, gatehouse, main chamber, and rear chamber). These primary zones are further subdivided into secondary and tertiary zones. For example, the main chamber is a primary zone, which can be further subdivided into secondary zones (such as the north wall, east wall, north slope, and south slope). If the secondary zones can be further subdivided, then several tertiary zones are defined based on these secondary zones (e.g., within the primary zone of the main chamber, the secondary zone of the west wall can be further divided into three tertiary zones: the brick wall area, the tomb robber's tunnel area, and the side chamber area, as detailed below). Figure 5 (As shown).

[0027] Based on the aforementioned absolute coordinate system direction and three-level zoning information, each tomb brick is assigned a three-dimensional number on the surveyed and scanned drawings. For example, for the gate tower of the first-level zoning and the gate wall of the second-level zoning, the tomb bricks in this area are assigned a three-dimensional number as ML-MQ-XYZ, where ML and MQ represent the initial letters of the gate tower of the first-level zoning and the gate wall of the second-level zoning, respectively, and XYZ represent the X, Y, and Z axis coordinates of a tomb brick in this area in the absolute coordinate system (e.g., 1-1-1). Another example is the main chamber of the first-level zoning, the west wall of the second-level zoning, and the brick wall of the third-level zoning. The three-dimensional number of the tomb bricks in this area is ZS-XB-ZQ-XYZ, with the same numbering rules as above.

[0028] According to the aforementioned numbering rules, we obtained three-dimensional numbered drawings of each area of ​​a certain mural tomb (e.g., Figure 6 As shown, it is a three-dimensional numbering diagram of some tomb bricks in the archway area of ​​a mural tomb.

[0029] Pretreatment and pre-reinforcement: The murals in the tomb were cleaned of their defects, and the fragile parts of the murals were reinforced by spraying with a gelatin solution. Construction of protective support structure: Construct the internal protective support structure given in Example 1 inside the mural tomb chamber; Tomb brick dismantling: Starting from the top of the tomb chamber, dismantle the bricks layer by layer from the outside in. Number each brick obtained from the dismantling process and ensure that the number matches the area numbering information on the two-dimensional and three-dimensional numbering drawings obtained in the previous step (both two-dimensional and three-dimensional numbering modes can be used simultaneously for easy verification later). Tomb brick storage: The dismantled tomb bricks are categorized and transferred to warehouse storage shelves according to different tomb chambers and orientations, and the corresponding tomb brick location information is marked on the warehouse storage shelves.

[0030] Furthermore, in some embodiments of the present invention, in the above-mentioned preliminary surveying steps, Raman spectroscopy or X-ray diffraction technology is used to analyze the tomb murals to determine the pigment colors and types of the corresponding mural areas for later mural restoration.

[0031] Furthermore, in some embodiments of the present invention, in the above-mentioned pretreatment and pre-reinforcement steps, tools such as soft wool brushes, cotton swabs, and ear suction bulbs are used to clean the mud, dust, and biological damage on the surface of the mural. Care should be taken not to damage the pigment layer of the mural during cleaning.

[0032] Furthermore, in some embodiments of the present invention, the 1.5% volume concentration gelatin aqueous solution used in the above pretreatment and pre-reinforcement steps is sprayed to reinforce the tomb murals.

[0033] Furthermore, in some embodiments of the present invention, in the above-mentioned protective support structure construction steps, the above-mentioned load-bearing layer is spliced ​​together from wooden boards that are 4 cm thick and 30 cm wide; the above-mentioned support body is constructed from wooden beams that are 10 cm long and 10 cm wide.

[0034] Furthermore, in some embodiments of this application, a site survey is conducted before performing the above-mentioned pretreatment and pre-reinforcement steps; The above-mentioned on-site investigation steps are as follows: conduct on-site investigation of the tomb's form, construction techniques, and tomb defects, and draw up a current status map.

[0035] In summary, the embodiments of the present invention provide an internal protective support structure for ancient brick chamber tombs and a disassembly and relocation method, which can be applied to ancient brick chamber tomb structures of various sizes, without limitations on the original site topography or region. At the same time, by utilizing its internal protective support structure, it can effectively avoid accidents such as collapse during disassembly and relocation, and can also better protect the content of the tomb murals from being damaged.

[0036] The embodiments described above are some, but not all, embodiments of the present invention. The detailed description of the embodiments of the present invention is not intended to limit the scope of the claimed invention, but merely to illustrate selected embodiments. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the present invention without inventive effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. An internal protective support structure for an ancient brick chamber tomb, comprising a burial chamber, characterized in that, It includes an isolation buffer layer, a load-bearing layer, and a support body disposed inside the tomb chamber. The isolation buffer layer abuts against the inner wall of the tomb chamber, the load-bearing layer is disposed on the side of the isolation buffer layer away from the inner wall of the tomb chamber, and the support body is disposed on the side of the load-bearing layer away from the isolation buffer layer. The support structure includes multiple crossbeams, multiple longitudinal beams, and multiple horizontal beams. The multiple crossbeams, longitudinal beams, and horizontal beams are interconnected to form a cuboid structure with multiple squares, which is filled throughout the tomb chamber.

2. The internal protective support structure of ancient brick chamber tombs according to claim 1, characterized in that, The support structure also includes multiple top support beams, one end of which is connected to the top crossbeam of the square structure of the support structure, and the other end is connected to the load-bearing layer located at the top of the tomb chamber.

3. The internal protective support structure of ancient brick chamber tombs according to claim 1, characterized in that, The isolation buffer layer is made of foam material and is covered with a plastic film on the outside; The load-bearing layer and the support body are made of wood, and the cross-connection parts of the support body are fixed with angle iron and wood screws.

4. A method for disassembling and relocating ancient brick chamber tombs, characterized in that, It includes the following steps: Preliminary surveying: The tomb passage, gate tower, burial chamber, and walls of the burial chamber were surveyed and mapped to create a structural current status diagram. The tomb was also subjected to virtual tour data collection and processing, as well as digital 3D scanning. The bricks of each part of the tomb were numbered on the digital drawings obtained from the scan. Pretreatment and pre-reinforcement: The murals in the tomb were cleaned of their defects, and the fragile parts of the murals were reinforced by spraying with a gelatin solution. Construction of protective support structure: Construct an internal protective support structure as described in any one of claims 1 to 3 inside the mural tomb chamber; Tomb brick dismantling: Starting from the top of the tomb chamber, dismantle layer by layer from the outside to the inside, number each dismantled tomb brick, and make sure that the numbering of the tomb bricks is consistent with the corresponding part of the digital map in the previous surveying steps; Tomb brick storage: The dismantled tomb bricks are categorized and transferred to warehouse storage shelves according to different tomb chambers and orientations, and the corresponding tomb brick location information is marked on the warehouse storage shelves.

5. The method for dismantling and relocating ancient brick chamber tombs according to claim 4, characterized in that, In the preliminary surveying steps, Raman spectroscopy or X-ray diffraction techniques are used to analyze the murals in the tomb to determine the pigment colors and types in the corresponding mural areas, which will be used for later mural restoration.

6. The method for dismantling and relocating ancient brick chamber tombs according to claim 4, characterized in that, In the pretreatment and pre-reinforcement steps, soft wool brushes, cotton swabs, and ear suction bulbs are used to clean the surface of the mural, removing dirt, dust, and biological damage. Care should be taken not to damage the pigment layer of the mural during cleaning.

7. The method for dismantling and relocating ancient brick chamber tombs according to claim 4, characterized in that, In the pretreatment and pre-reinforcement steps, a 1.5% volume concentration gelatin aqueous solution is used to spray and reinforce the tomb murals.

8. The method for dismantling and relocating ancient brick chamber tombs according to claim 4, characterized in that, In the construction steps of the protective support structure, the load-bearing layer is made of wooden boards that are 4 cm thick and 30 cm wide; the support body is made of wooden beams that are 10 cm long and 10 cm wide.

9. The method for dismantling and relocating ancient brick chamber tombs according to claim 4, characterized in that, Before carrying out the pretreatment and pre-reinforcement steps, a site survey is conducted first. The on-site investigation steps are as follows: conduct on-site investigation of the tomb's form, construction techniques, and tomb defects, and draw up a current status map.

Images