Optical fiber communication and perception integrated system and method

Abstract

The application provides an optical fiber communication and sensing integrated system and method, and relates to the technical field of optical communication networks.The system comprises an optical master control module, an optical distribution network module, an optical execution module and an optical sensing module; the optical master control module is connected with the optical execution module and the optical sensing module through the optical distribution network module; the optical master control module is used for transmitting a composite optical signal to a backbone optical fiber, receiving and demodulating an uplink communication signal and a reflected sensing signal; the optical distribution network module is used for distributing the composite optical signal to a communication branch of the optical execution module and a sensing branch of the optical sensing module through an optical distribution and combination component; the optical execution module is used for accessing the communication branch, parsing a control instruction from a downlink communication signal to drive a local actuator to act, and uploading state data to the optical master control module; and the optical sensing module is used for accessing the sensing branch, sensing a physical state change of a measured part as a passive sensing terminal, and returning the reflected sensing signal to the optical master control module along an original optical path.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of optical communication network technology, and in particular to an integrated optical fiber communication sensing system and method. Background Technology

[0002] As autonomous driving technology evolves to higher levels, the perception requirements of intelligent vehicles regarding their surroundings and their own status have significantly increased. To ensure driving safety, vehicles not only need to perform high-real-time distributed monitoring of core components such as the chassis and battery, but also widely incorporate high-resolution sensors such as HD cameras and LiDAR. This has led to an exponential increase in the amount of data generated by onboard systems, with data transmission rates generally reaching gigabit or even terabit levels.

[0003] Currently, vehicle communication networks primarily employ an architecture combining CAN bus and automotive Ethernet. CAN bus, a classic fieldbus, enables multi-node communication through event triggering and arbitration mechanisms. Nodes send data when the bus is idle, and conflicts are resolved through priority arbitration. Automotive Ethernet typically uses high-speed serial point-to-point links based on copper twisted-pair cables to facilitate data exchange between domain controllers and various sensors and actuators, supporting gigabit-level data transmission rates.

[0004] However, the CAN bus has a bandwidth of only megabits, which cannot handle massive amounts of sensing data. Furthermore, its event triggering and arbitration mechanisms experience increased conflict probability under high loads, leading to decreased real-time performance. While automotive Ethernet offers gigabit-level bandwidth, it relies on copper twisted-pair cabling, making it susceptible to electromagnetic interference and data distortion under high-voltage platforms. Point-to-point topologies also require independent cabling for each node, resulting in long and cumbersome wiring harnesses. Additionally, both CAN bus and Ethernet are purely communication architectures, requiring independent wiring for the sensing system. This separation of sensing and communication in the physical architecture prevents underlying physical state information from directly participating in control decisions, hindering rapid closed-loop response. Summary of the Invention

[0005] To address the limitations of existing technologies, such as the megabit-level bandwidth of CAN bus, which cannot handle massive amounts of sensing data, and the increased probability of conflicts and decreased real-time performance under high loads due to its event triggering and arbitration mechanisms, automotive Ethernet, while offering gigabit-level bandwidth, relies on copper twisted-pair cables. These cables are susceptible to electromagnetic interference under high-voltage platforms, leading to data distortion. Furthermore, point-to-point topologies require independent cabling for each node, resulting in long and cumbersome wiring harnesses. Additionally, both CAN bus and Ethernet are purely communication architectures, requiring independent wiring for the sensing system. This separation of sensing and communication in the physical architecture prevents underlying physical state information from directly participating in control decisions, hindering the achievement of rapid closed-loop response.

[0006] In a first aspect, an integrated optical fiber communication and sensing system is proposed, comprising: an optical master control module, an optical distribution network module, an optical execution module, and an optical sensing module; The optical master control module is connected to the optical distribution network module, and through the optical distribution network module, it is connected to the optical execution module and the optical sensing module. The optical master control module is used to transmit composite optical signals containing communication and sensing bands to the trunk optical fiber, and to receive and demodulate uplink communication signals from the optical execution module and reflected sensing signals from the optical sensing module. The optical distribution network module is used to distribute composite optical signals to the communication branch of the optical execution module and the sensing branch of the optical sensing module through optical splitting and combining components. The optical actuator module is used to access the communication branch, parse control commands from the downlink communication signal to drive the local actuator, and upload status data to the optical master control module. The optical sensing module is used to connect to the sensing branch, act as a passive sensing end to sense changes in the physical state of the measured part, and return the reflected sensing signal to the optical main control module along the original optical path.

[0007] A second aspect of the present invention provides an integrated optical fiber communication sensing method, comprising: S1: Start the integrated fiber optic communication and sensing system; S2: At the optical domain level, the optical fiber transmission spectrum is divided into communication band and sensing band through the optical master control module; among which, the communication band includes uplink communication signals and downlink communication signals; S3: At the time domain level, the time axis is divided into multiple fixed time slots through the optical master control module, and a dedicated time slot is allocated to each optical execution module; S4: The downlink communication signal is broadcast to each optical execution module through the optical master control module, and broadband sensing optical signal is transmitted to the optical sensing module through the optical master control module according to the sensing band; S5: Based on the downlink communication signal, the optical execution module parses the control command and drives the local actuator to move; S6: Based on the response status of the local actuator, the optical actuator module collects status data and modulates it into an uplink communication signal; S7: Within a dedicated time slot, the uplink communication signal is transmitted back to the optical master control module via the optical execution module; S8: The reflected sensing signal is returned to the optical master control module along the original optical path through the optical sensing module; and the physical parameters are obtained by demodulation based on the reflected sensing signal through the optical master control module. S9: Based on state data and physical parameters, the optical master control module compares the data with the preset control target to generate a correction control command; S10: Encode the correction control command into the downlink communication signal and broadcast it to the corresponding optical execution module to form a closed-loop feedback control.

[0008] The beneficial effects of the technical solution provided by this invention include: In this embodiment of the invention, gigabit-level bandwidth is provided through time-division-wavelength-division multiplexing collaborative technology, which can meet the transmission requirements of massive sensing data. Using optical fiber as the transmission medium, the intrinsic insulation characteristics are utilized to solve the electromagnetic interference problem under high-voltage environment, and the number and weight of cables are greatly reduced through single-fiber bidirectional bus topology, realizing the lightweighting of the whole vehicle. At the same time, by integrating passive optical fiber sensing units on the branch optical fibers, communication and sensing are integrated into the same physical architecture, so that the underlying physical state information can directly participate in control decision-making, forming a physical layer closed loop of "sensing-decision-control", which significantly improves the system's response speed and security. Attached Figure Description

[0009] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of an integrated optical fiber communication and sensing system provided in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the optical master control module provided in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the optical execution module provided in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 4 This is a flowchart illustrating an integrated optical fiber communication sensing method provided in an embodiment of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0010] Reference manual attached Figures 1 to 3 The diagram shows a structural schematic of an integrated optical fiber communication and sensing system provided by an embodiment of the present invention, including: an optical master control module 1, an optical distribution network module 2, an optical execution module 3, and an optical sensing module 4.

[0011] The optical master control module 1 is connected to the optical execution module 3 and the optical sensing module 4 through the optical distribution network module 2. The optical master control module 1 is used to transmit composite optical signals containing communication bands and sensing bands to the trunk optical fiber, and to receive and demodulate the uplink communication signals from the optical execution module 3 and the reflected sensing signals from the optical sensing module 4.

[0012] The optical distribution network module 2 is used to distribute the composite optical signal to the communication branch of the optical execution module 3 and the sensing branch of the optical sensing module 4 through the optical splitter and combiner.

[0013] The optical actuator module 3 is used to access the communication branch, parse control commands from the downlink communication signal to drive the local actuator to act, and upload the status data to the optical master control module 1.

[0014] The optical sensing module 4 is used to connect to the sensing branch, act as a passive sensing end to sense changes in the physical state of the measured part, and return the reflected sensing signal to the optical main control module 1 along the original optical path.

[0015] In this embodiment of the invention, there may be multiple optical execution modules and optical sensing modules, and they are not limited to optical execution module 3 and optical sensing module 4.

[0016] The beneficial effects of the technical solution provided by this invention include: In this embodiment of the invention, gigabit-level bandwidth is provided through time-division-wavelength-division multiplexing (TDM) technology, which can meet the transmission requirements of massive sensing data. Using optical fiber as the transmission medium, the intrinsic insulation properties are utilized to solve the electromagnetic interference problem under high-voltage environments. Furthermore, the single-fiber bidirectional bus topology significantly reduces the number and weight of cables, achieving overall vehicle lightweighting. Simultaneously, by integrating passive optical fiber sensing units on the branch optical fibers, communication and sensing are merged into the same physical architecture, allowing underlying physical state information to directly participate in control decisions, forming a physical layer closed loop of "sensing-decision-control," significantly improving the system's response speed and security.

[0017] In one possible implementation, the optical master control module 1 specifically includes: a communication light source module 101, a first modulation and demodulation module 102, a decision control module 103, a photoelectric conversion module 104, a second modulation and demodulation module 105, a sensing light source module 106, a first optical splitter / combiner component 107, a second optical splitter / combiner component 108, and an optical circulator 109.

[0018] The communication light source module 101, the first modulation and demodulation module 102, the first optical splitter and combiner 107, and the second optical splitter and combiner 108 are connected in sequence.

[0019] The decision control module 103 is connected to the first modulation and demodulation module 102, the photoelectric conversion module 104 and the second modulation and demodulation module 105 respectively.

[0020] The photoelectric conversion module 104 is connected to the first optical splitter / combiner 107.

[0021] The sensing light source module 106, the optical circulator 109, and the second optical splitting and combining component 108 are connected in sequence.

[0022] The second modulation and demodulation module 105 is connected to the optical circulator 109.

[0023] It should be noted that the optical master control unit, as the core, connects the edge nodes in each region through the optical distribution network. The optical distribution network consists of optical fibers and optical combiner / splitter components, responsible for the distribution of optical power and wavelength, as well as signal aggregation. In node deployment, the optical execution unit acts as an active terminal, executing commands and transmitting data back. The optical sensing unit, as a passive device, is located at a key position in the access link, enabling a single backbone optical fiber to simultaneously function as a communication bus and a carrier of sensing information, laying the physical layer foundation for integrated communication and sensing.

[0024] Specifically, the Optical Management Unit (OMU) is the convergence center and core control unit of the vehicle's fiber optic network. It includes: an integrated light source module containing communication and sensing light sources; optical multiplexing / splitting components including wavelength division multiplexers or optical couplers; a modulation / demodulation module; and a decision control module. The OMU is responsible for transmitting communication bands to the backbone fiber. and sensing band The OMU receives and analyzes communication feedback signals from downstream nodes, and simultaneously receives and demodulates reflected light signals from the sensor array. By calculating the center wavelength shift of the reflected light, the OMU calculates the physical information of each node, such as temperature and strain, and uses this information, combined with communication data, to generate a vehicle control strategy, sending control commands downstream to achieve closed-loop control through sensor fusion.

[0025] Among them, the communication band refers to the range of optical wavelengths allocated for the transmission of digital communication signals, which is used to carry bidirectional data interaction between the optical master control module and the optical execution module.

[0026] Among them, the sensing band refers to the range of optical wavelengths allocated to the transmission of physical quantity sensing signals, which is used to carry the sensing signals emitted by the optical main control module.

[0027] In this embodiment of the invention, the optical master control module 1 achieves co-fiber transmission and reception of communication and sensing signals through an integrated structure: the communication light source module 101 and the sensing light source module 106 respectively generate optical signals in the communication band and sensing band, which are combined into a composite optical signal and transmitted to the trunk optical fiber. The returned uplink communication signal is sent to the decision control module 103 after passing through the first optical splitter / combiner 107 and the photoelectric conversion module 104. The reflected sensing signal is demodulated by the optical circulator 109 and the second modulation / demodulation module 105 to obtain physical parameters, which are then sent to the decision control module 103. This allows the decision control module to simultaneously acquire electrical status data and physical parameters to generate precise control commands, reducing system complexity and hardware costs.

[0028] In one possible implementation, the optical distribution network module 2 specifically includes: a backbone optical fiber and an optical splitter / combiner disposed on the backbone optical fiber.

[0029] Among them, optical splitter / combiner refers to optical devices installed on the trunk optical fiber for power distribution or wavelength selection of optical signals.

[0030] Specifically, the optical distribution network module uses a single optical fiber as the backbone transmission medium. Optical splitters / combiners are deployed at various nodes of the backbone fiber, with two configurations depending on the branch function: First, there are optical couplers for communication branches, which, based on optical power distribution principles, are configured with a splitting ratio such as 90:10 or 95:5 to distribute a certain proportion of the backbone optical signal to the local communication branch, while the remaining power continues to be transmitted downstream. Second, there are wavelength division multiplexers for sensing branches, which, based on wavelength selection principles, distribute the specific sensing band corresponding to the sensing branch. Separate the input to the local sensing branch, while allowing the remaining sensing bands to enter. and communication bands This ensures that sensing signals and communication signals do not interfere with each other.

[0031] In this embodiment of the invention, a single optical fiber is used to replace the traditional multiple independent cables, which greatly reduces the number and weight of the wiring harness and achieves vehicle lightweighting.

[0032] In one possible implementation, the optical splitter / combiner specifically includes an optical coupler and a wavelength division multiplexer.

[0033] In this embodiment of the invention, physical isolation and parallel transmission of communication and sensing signals in the optical domain are achieved, avoiding mutual interference.

[0034] In one possible implementation, the optical coupler is specifically used to distribute the composite optical signal to the communication branch of the optical execution module 3 according to the power ratio.

[0035] In this embodiment of the invention, the optical coupler allocates a portion of the optical power in the composite optical signal to the communication branch according to a preset power ratio, so that the optical execution module 3 can receive downlink communication signals and transmit uplink data back. The remaining majority of the optical power continues to be transmitted along the trunk optical fiber, ensuring signal coverage and transmission efficiency when multiple nodes are accessed.

[0036] In one possible implementation, the wavelength division multiplexer is specifically used to: separate a specific sensing band in the composite optical signal to the sensing branch of the optical sensing module 4, and allow other bands besides the specific sensing band to continue transmission.

[0037] In this embodiment of the invention, physical isolation between sensing signals and communication signals in the optical domain is achieved, avoiding mutual interference and supporting the serial layout of multiple sensing nodes.

[0038] In one possible implementation, the optical execution module 3 specifically includes: an optical transceiver module 301, a status monitoring module 302, a control execution module 303, and a third optical splitting and combining component 304.

[0039] The optical transceiver module 301 is connected to the status monitoring module 302 and the control execution module 303 respectively.

[0040] The status monitoring module 302 is connected to the control execution module 303.

[0041] The third optical splitter / combiner 304 is connected to the optical transceiver module 301.

[0042] Specifically, Optical Execution Units (OEUs) are distributed across key areas of the vehicle body, such as the braking, steering, and battery domains. Serving as both the system's execution units and data acquisition terminals, they possess dual functions: downlink reception and uplink transmission. For downlink reception, the optical transceiver module within the node acquires downlink communication optical signals via an optical coupler, performs photoelectric conversion, and then parses the control commands issued by the OMU to drive the local actuators. For uplink transmission, the optical transmitter module within the node collects the status data of the local electronic control system and modulates it onto the uplink communication band. On the optical fiber, the data is uploaded to the OMU via time-division multiple access and the execution result is fed back.

[0043] In this embodiment of the invention, optical signal transmission and reception, instruction parsing and execution, and status acquisition and feedback are integrated into the same module, thereby achieving efficient closed-loop control at the execution end.

[0044] In one possible implementation, the optical execution module 3 is further configured to: Collect status data and modulate it into an uplink communication signal.

[0045] The data is transmitted back to the optical master control module 1 within the allocated dedicated time slots using time division multiple access.

[0046] Among them, time division multiple access refers to a multi-node channel access mechanism based on time division, which is used to enable multiple optical execution modules 3 to transmit data without conflict when sharing the same uplink communication band.

[0047] In this embodiment of the invention, the optical execution module 3 transmits uplink communication signals back within the allocated dedicated time slots using time division multiple access, so that multiple optical execution modules 3 do not interfere with each other when sharing the same uplink communication band, fundamentally eliminating the risk of data collision and ensuring deterministic and low-latency transmission under high load.

[0048] In one possible implementation, the optical sensing module 4 includes multiple fiber Bragg grating sensors.

[0049] Among them, fiber Bragg grating sensors refer to passive optical sensing elements formed by writing periodic refractive index modulation structures inside the fiber core, which selectively reflect incident light signals at specific wavelengths.

[0050] Fiber Bragg grating sensors are attached or embedded in the measured area to reflect light signals of a specific wavelength. When the measured area experiences temperature changes or stress deformation, the center wavelength of the reflected light from the fiber Bragg grating sensor shifts.

[0051] Specifically, the optical sensing module connects to the optical sensing unit on the sensing link branch as the passive sensing end of the system. This embodiment uses multiple cascaded Fiber Bragg Gratings (FBGs) as an example for detailed explanation. However, it should be noted that the sensor fusion architecture proposed in this invention is universal, and the sensing branch is not limited to FBG technology; it is also compatible with other fiber optic sensing technologies based on Rayleigh scattering, Brillouin scattering, and other mechanisms. In practical applications, this architecture can be reused to achieve sensor fusion based on different mechanisms simply by coordinating with appropriate optical band planning and configuring the corresponding demodulation module in the main control unit. FBGs are attached or embedded in key components such as brake calipers and battery modules to reflect incident sensing band light signals at specific wavelengths. When the measured part experiences temperature changes or stress deformation, the grating period of the FBG changes, causing the center wavelength of the reflected light to drift. Specifically, the center wavelength of the FBG... The Prague condition must be met: in, Indicates the effective refractive index of the optical fiber core. This represents the grating period. It also represents the relative shift in the reflected wavelength when the physical state of the measured area changes. With axial strain and temperature changes The relationship between them can be represented as: in, This indicates the center wavelength shift of the light reflected by the fiber Bragg grating (FBG). The effective elastic-optical coefficient of an optical fiber characterizes the effect of strain on its refractive index. This represents the coefficient of thermal expansion of optical fiber. This represents the thermo-optic coefficient of the optical fiber. The drift light signal, carrying physical characteristics, returns along the original optical path, and the OMU demodulates it. By combining this with the preset fiber material constant, strain can be controlled. With temperature change The precise solution.

[0052] In this embodiment of the invention, the optical sensing module 4 achieves distributed sensing of multi-point physical parameters through multiple fiber Bragg grating sensors: each sensor is attached or embedded in the measured part, reflecting a light signal of a specific wavelength. When the measured part experiences temperature changes or stress deformation, the center wavelength of the reflected light drifts, and this drift can be demodulated to obtain accurate physical parameters. This structure achieves multi-node parallel sensing in a passive manner, requires no power supply, and is resistant to electromagnetic interference, providing the system with high-precision low-level physical state information.

[0053] Reference manual attached Figure 4 The diagram shows a flowchart of an integrated optical fiber communication sensing method provided by an embodiment of the present invention.

[0054] This invention provides an integrated optical fiber communication and sensing method, applied to the aforementioned integrated optical fiber communication and sensing system, comprising: S1: Start the fiber optic communication and sensing integrated system.

[0055] S2: At the optical domain level, the optical fiber transmission spectrum is divided into communication bands and sensing bands by the optical master control module 1. The communication band includes uplink communication signals and downlink communication signals.

[0056] Specifically, this invention utilizes wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) technology at the optical domain level to construct a spectral architecture that integrates communication and sensing. By dividing the transmission bandwidth of a single optical fiber into at least isolated communication and sensing channels, it achieves refined spectral planning for uplink, downlink, and sensing sub-channels.

[0057] Specifically, in terms of spectral resource planning, the system, based on the wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) principle, divides the available transmission spectrum of the optical fiber into several non-overlapping logical functional bands. These bands are configured to carry at least two parts: communication signals and sensing signals. The spectral resources occupied by the communication signals are further planned to include downlink bands for transmitting control commands and synchronization signals, and uplink bands for transmitting status data. Sensing signals occupy independent spectral windows, such as the broadband bands of the low-loss optical fiber window. Specific spectral guard intervals are set between each functional band. This frequency-domain isolation-based resource allocation strategy ensures the physical decoupling of sensing and communication signals, effectively preventing crosstalk from high-power communication optical signals to weak sensing reflection signals, thus laying the physical foundation for high signal-to-noise ratio measurements.

[0058] Furthermore, regarding channel allocation within the dedicated sensing band, the system employs wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) to achieve spatial addressing of the sensors. Each FBG sensor in the link is pre-defined with a unique Bragg center wavelength as its optical address, and the OMU can locate the physical node by identifying the position of the reflected wavelength. To prevent spectral overlap between different sensors during maximum strain or temperature changes, sufficient wavelength protection intervals are reserved between the center wavelengths of adjacent sensors. To ensure that the system does not experience spectral aliasing across the entire measurement range, the first... k The and the first The center wavelength allocation of each fiber Bragg grating sensor must satisfy the following inequality constraint: in, and This represents the static center wavelength of two adjacent sensors. This indicates the preset system protection bandwidth. This represents the maximum wavelength shift that the sensor may experience under maximum design load or extreme operating temperature. This constraint ensures the reflectance spectrum of any sensor under extreme conditions. It always stays within its allocated dedicated channel bandwidth, thus ensuring that the system can accurately resolve the physical state of each node without the risk of aliasing.

[0059] It should be noted that, in order to achieve bidirectional transmission over a single fiber and effectively separate the transmitting and receiving signals, the system introduces an optical path directional isolation mechanism. On the OMU side, the optical circulator guides the emitted signal from the light source into the trunk fiber, while simultaneously guiding the reflected signal from the trunk to the detection module, preventing the emitted light from directly entering the detector. On the optical distribution network node side, the wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) component acts as a spectral filter, providing isolation and allowing only specific sensing band optical signals into the sensing branch while blocking communication band optical signals. This design not only avoids photothermal interference from communication light on the FBG sensor but also ensures the purity of the sensing signal and the accuracy of the measurement.

[0060] S3: At the time domain level, the time axis is divided into multiple fixed time slots through the optical master control module 1, and a dedicated time slot is allocated to each optical execution module 3.

[0061] Specifically, for the downlink communication link, the system employs a time-division multiplexing broadcast mode for data distribution. The optical master control unit encapsulates control commands destined for optical execution units in different areas within a continuous downlink frame structure. The header of this frame structure includes a synchronization preamble and dynamically / statically configured time slot allocation information. The optical signal is broadcast to all nodes via the optical distribution network. The optical transceiver modules of each optical execution unit continuously listen to the downlink and, based on a preset node identifier ID or time slot index, extract and parse only the control data segments belonging to their own node, ignoring data destined for other nodes. This broadcast-based distribution mechanism eliminates the accumulated delay caused by intermediate node routing and forwarding, ensuring the synchronization of control commands across the entire vehicle.

[0062] Furthermore, for the uplink communication link, the system employs a time-division multiple access (TDMA) approach to address the channel contention problem when multiple nodes share a single uplink wavelength. The optical master control unit allocates non-overlapping uplink transmission windows, i.e., fixed time slots, to each online optical execution unit. The optical transmission module within the optical execution unit operates in burst mode, activating the laser and transmitting status data only within the authorized time slot window. During non-transmission periods, the laser is strictly shut down to maintain a light-free channel, thereby reducing the system noise floor.

[0063] Specifically, a ranging-free scheduling mechanism based on relative time synchronization is adopted. Each optical execution unit does not rely on a global absolute clock, but instead marks the moment when the downlink broadcast frame header is detected as the local relative time zero point. The system initiates transmission after a preset delay. To prevent uplink data packet overlap and collisions caused by differences in node physical locations (i.e., fiber optic transmission distances) without introducing complex dynamic ranging and closed-loop delay compensation algorithms, the system sets a fixed physical protection interval between adjacent uplink time slots. This interval needs to cover the difference in round-trip transmission delay between the nearest and farthest nodes in the network, and its calculation formula is as follows: in, and These represent the fiber lengths of the farthest and nearest optical execution units in the fiber optic network, respectively. Represents the group refractive index of optical fibers. Represents the speed of light in a vacuum. This represents the sum of system clock synchronization error and electronic device response jitter, etc. This formula establishes the physical boundary of system time slot scheduling, ensuring that the time domain envelopes of burst uplink data packets from different locations do not overlap when they converge on the backbone fiber, thereby achieving low-cost, highly reliable real-time communication.

[0064] S4: The downlink communication signal is broadcast to each optical execution module 3 through the optical master control module 1, and broadband sensing optical signal is transmitted to the optical sensing module 4 through the optical master control module 1 according to the sensing band.

[0065] Among them, the broadband sensing light signal refers to a broadband continuous light signal generated by the sensing light source module 106 of the optical main control module 1, which covers the working wavelength range of all optical sensing modules 4.

[0066] S5: Based on the downlink communication signal, the control command is parsed through the optical execution module 3 and the local actuator is driven to move.

[0067] S6: Based on the response status of the local actuator, the optical actuator module 3 collects status data and modulates it into an uplink communication signal.

[0068] S7: Within a dedicated time slot, the uplink communication signal is transmitted back to the optical master control module 1 via the optical execution module 3.

[0069] S8: The reflected sensing signal is returned to the optical master control module 1 along the original optical path through the optical sensing module 4. Based on the reflected sensing signal, the physical parameters are obtained by demodulation through the optical master control module 1.

[0070] S9: Based on state data and physical parameters, the optical master control module 1 compares the data with the preset control target and generates a correction control command.

[0071] It should be noted that those skilled in the art can set the size of the preset control target according to actual needs, and this invention does not limit this.

[0072] S10: Encode the correction control command into the downlink communication signal and broadcast it to the corresponding optical execution module 3 to form a closed-loop feedback control.

[0073] Specifically, a low-level collaborative mechanism for communication transmission and physical sensing is constructed by leveraging the orthogonality of the optical and temporal domains, establishing an operational logic where the two operate independently and with deep integration on a single optical fiber medium. Wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) technology creates isolated parallel transmission channels for digital communication signals and analog sensing signals in the spectral dimension, resolving the signal-to-noise ratio interference problem when signals coexist. Time division multiplexing (TDM) technology provides a deterministic timing reference for multi-node communication access in the temporal dimension, avoiding the random collision risks in traditional bus architectures and laying a temporal foundation for the orderly interaction of sensor data.

[0074] Furthermore, based on the aforementioned physical layer architecture, the system establishes a sensing fusion feedback loop. Bragg gratings distributed at the actuator ends convert physical states such as mechanical stress and temperature into spectral drift signals in specific wavelength bands. These signals are independently transmitted back to the optical master control unit along the sensing channel. The spectral analysis module and communication processing module integrated within the optical master control unit operate in parallel, receiving uplink communication data while simultaneously demodulating the wavelength drift in the sensing band and resolving it into precise physical parameters.

[0075] Furthermore, the "perception-decision-control" process is completed in a closed loop within the optical main control unit, forming a highly efficient computing architecture. The built-in decision control module directly receives the demodulated physical parameters and performs logical judgments based on preset security policies. When the monitored physical state, such as the brake caliper clamping force or the battery temperature rise rate, deviates from the control target, the decision control module can directly generate a correction command and drive the communication module to dynamically encapsulate the command into the time slot of the next downlink time-division multiplexed frame, achieving sub-millisecond precise response and proactive safety control for dynamic changes in the system.

[0076] Specifically, the signal processing flow of the present invention mainly includes three stages: signal transmission and multiplexing, node response and backhaul, and demodulation and closed-loop control, realizing parallel transmission and collaborative processing of communication data stream and physical sensing stream.

[0077] Specifically, the signal processing flow begins with the signal transmission and multiplexing stage of the optical master control unit. Within the optical master control unit, the sensing light source module and the communication drive module operate in parallel. The former excites broadband sensing light covering the grating's operating wavelength, while the latter excites a continuous wave optical carrier in the downlink communication band, onto which a high-frequency digital control signal is loaded by a modulator. These two optical signals are then combined within the node via an optical splitter / combiner to form a composite optical signal that enters the backbone fiber optic bus.

[0078] Further, the composite optical signal is transmitted through the optical distribution network to the optical combining and splitting components in each region, and then enters the node response and backhaul stage. Here, the optical signal is separated by the branching component into a local branch or continues transmission. In the communication branch, the optical transceiver module performs photoelectric conversion and protocol parsing on the downlink signal, obtains control commands, and drives the local actuator. Simultaneously, the node collects the actuator's operating status data and modulates it into an uplink communication optical signal. In the sensing branch, the sensing optical signal directly illuminates the fiber Bragg grating sensor close to the measured part, causing the center wavelength of the reflected light, modulated by the external physical state, to drift. Subsequently, the sensing reflected light carrying physical characteristics and the uplink communication light carrying status data converge in the link and are transmitted back along the fiber optic bus to the optical master control unit.

[0079] Furthermore, after the return signal arrives at the optical master control unit, it enters the demodulation and closed-loop control stage. The optical splitter / combiner separates the mixed optical signal and directs it to the sensing demodulation and communication parsing paths, respectively. The modulation / demodulation module demodulates the sensing optical signal to obtain accurate physical information such as temperature or strain, while the photoelectric conversion module simultaneously parses the uplink communication data to confirm the node's electrical status. These two types of data are ultimately fed into the decision control module. The processor compares the actual physical parameters obtained from demodulation with the preset control target. If a physical deviation is detected, the decision control module directly calculates the compensation amount and generates a corrected modulation command, which is fed back to the signal transmission stage and encoded into subsequent downlink communication frames, thereby completing sub-millisecond-level low-level physical closed-loop control.

[0080] In practical applications, firstly, at the optical wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) level, the system divides the optical fiber transmission spectrum into at least a communication band and a sensing band. The downlink communication band is used for the main control unit to broadcast control commands, the uplink communication band is used for the execution unit to transmit status data, and the dedicated sensing band is used independently to transmit signals from the optical fiber sensing unit. This spectrum division ensures the isolation of sensing signals and communication signals in the optical band. At the time-domain time division multiplexing (TDM) level, the system adopts TDM and TDM multiple access mechanisms for the communication band. The main control unit divides the time axis into several fixed time slots and allocates a dedicated time slot for data transmission and reception to each execution unit. This mechanism replaces the arbitration mechanism of the traditional CAN bus, avoiding data collisions to ensure determinism and low latency. At the sensing collaboration level, this invention establishes a closed-loop feedback mechanism. The main control unit demodulates the wavelength drift information of the sensing band in real time, such as wavelength shifts caused by changes in braking force, determines its priority based on the wavelength, and uses it as a feedback variable to dynamically adjust the communication control commands of subsequent time slots, realizing low-latency closed-loop feedback control.

[0081] In this embodiment of the invention, signal isolation is achieved by dividing the optical domain into communication and sensing bands, and dedicated time slots are allocated in the time domain to avoid collisions caused by multiple nodes accessing the network, ensuring deterministic and low-latency transmission under high load. Simultaneous transmission of communication and sensing signals via a single optical fiber significantly simplifies cabling and reduces weight and cost. By fusing and comparing demodulated physical parameters and status data and issuing correction commands in real time, a physical layer closed loop of "sensing-decision-control" is formed, significantly improving system response speed and proactive safety control capabilities.

[0082] This invention provides a computer-readable storage medium storing a computer program thereon, which, when executed by a processor, implements the fiber optic communication sensing integration method as described in the method embodiment.

[0083] The computer-readable storage medium provided by this invention can realize the steps and effects of the fiber optic communication sensing integration method in the above-described method embodiments. To avoid repetition, this invention will not repeat them.

[0084] The above are merely specific embodiments of the present invention, but the scope of protection of the present invention is not limited thereto. The scope of protection of the present invention should be determined by the scope of the claims.

Claims

1. An integrated optical fiber communication and sensing system, characterized in that, include: The optical master control module (1), the optical distribution network module (2), the optical execution module (3), and the optical sensing module (4) are included. The optical master control module (1) is connected to the optical execution module (3) and the optical sensing module (4) through the optical distribution network module (2); The optical master control module (1) is used to transmit a composite optical signal containing a communication band and a sensing band to the trunk optical fiber, and to receive and demodulate the uplink communication signal from the optical execution module (3) and the reflection sensing signal from the optical sensing module (4). The optical distribution network module (2) is used to distribute the composite optical signal to the communication branch of the optical execution module (3) and the sensing branch of the optical sensing module (4) through the optical splitting and combining component; The optical execution module (3) is used to access the communication branch, parse the control command from the downlink communication signal to drive the local actuator to act, and upload the status data to the optical master control module (1). The optical sensing module (4) is used to connect to the sensing branch, to sense the physical state change of the measured part as a passive sensing end, and to return the reflected sensing signal to the optical master control module (1) along the original optical path.

2. The integrated optical fiber communication and sensing system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The optical master control module (1) specifically includes: a communication light source module (101), a first modulation and demodulation module (102), a decision control module (103), a photoelectric conversion module (104), a second modulation and demodulation module (105), a sensing light source module (106), a first optical splitter and combiner (107), a second optical splitter and combiner (108), and an optical circulator (109). The communication light source module (101), the first modulation and demodulation module (102), the first optical splitter / combiner (107), and the second optical splitter / combiner (108) are connected in sequence; The decision control module (103) is connected to the first modulation and demodulation module (102), the photoelectric conversion module (104), and the second modulation and demodulation module (105), respectively. The photoelectric conversion module (104) is connected to the first light splitting and combining component (107); The sensing light source module (106), the optical circulator (109), and the second optical splitting and combining component (108) are connected in sequence; The second modulation and demodulation module (105) is connected to the optical circulator (109).

3. The integrated optical fiber communication and sensing system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The optical distribution network module (2) specifically includes: the backbone optical fiber and an optical splitter / combiner assembly disposed on the backbone optical fiber.

4. The integrated optical fiber communication and sensing system according to claim 3, characterized in that, The optical splitter / combiner specifically includes an optical coupler and a wavelength division multiplexer.

5. The integrated optical fiber communication and sensing system according to claim 4, characterized in that, The optical coupler is specifically used to distribute the composite optical signal to the communication branch of the optical execution module (3) according to the power ratio.

6. The integrated optical fiber communication and sensing system according to claim 4, characterized in that, The wavelength division multiplexer is specifically used to: separate a specific sensing band in the composite optical signal to the sensing branch of the optical sensing module (4), and allow other bands other than the specific sensing band to continue to transmit.

7. The integrated optical fiber communication and sensing system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The optical execution module (3) specifically includes: an optical transceiver module (301), a status monitoring module (302), a control execution module (303), and a third optical splitting and combining component (304); The optical transceiver module (301) is connected to the status monitoring module (302) and the control execution module (303) respectively; The status monitoring module (302) is connected to the control execution module (303); The third optical splitter / combiner (304) is connected to the optical transceiver module (301).

8. The integrated optical fiber communication and sensing system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The optical execution module (3) is further used for: Collect status data and modulate it into the uplink communication signal; The optical data is transmitted back to the optical master control module (1) within the allocated dedicated time slots using time division multiple access.

9. The integrated optical fiber communication and sensing system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The optical sensing module (4) includes multiple fiber Bragg grating sensors; The fiber Bragg grating sensor is attached or embedded in the measured part to reflect light signals of a specific wavelength; when the measured part undergoes temperature changes or stress deformation, the center wavelength of the reflected light from the fiber Bragg grating sensor shifts.

10. A fiber optic communication sensing integration method, applied to the fiber optic communication sensing integration system according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that, include: S1: Start the fiber optic communication and sensing integrated system; S2: At the optical domain level, the optical fiber transmission spectrum is divided into the communication band and the sensing band by the optical master control module (1); wherein, the communication band includes the uplink communication signal and the downlink communication signal; S3: At the time domain level, the time axis is divided into multiple fixed time slots through the optical master control module (1), and the dedicated time slots are allocated to each of the optical execution modules (3); S4: The downlink communication signal is broadcast to each of the optical execution modules (3) through the optical master control module (1), and broadband sensing light signals are transmitted to the optical sensing module (4) through the optical master control module (1) according to the sensing band. S5: Based on the downlink communication signal, the control command is parsed through the optical execution module (3) and the local actuator is driven to operate; S6: Based on the response status of the local actuator, the status data is collected through the optical execution module (3) and modulated into the uplink communication signal; S7: During the dedicated time slot, the uplink communication signal is transmitted back to the optical master control module (1) through the optical execution module (3). S8: The reflected sensing signal is returned to the optical master control module (1) along the original optical path through the optical sensing module (4); and the physical parameters are obtained by demodulation through the optical master control module (1) based on the reflected sensing signal. S9: Based on the state data and the physical parameters, the optical master control module (1) compares the data with the preset control target and generates a correction control command. S10: The correction control command is encoded into the downlink communication signal and broadcast to the corresponding optical execution module (3) to form a closed-loop feedback control.

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