Magnetic separation device and method for construction mixed waste of steel structure

Abstract

This invention discloses a magnetic separation device and method for mixed waste materials from steel structure construction, belonging to the field of magnetic separation technology for construction waste. It includes a feeding hopper, a discharge channel below the feeding hopper, and a horizontally arranged rotating drum below the discharge channel, located at the lower right of the discharge channel. Several electromagnets are fixedly connected to the outer surface of the rotating drum, and these electromagnets are arranged in a ring at equal intervals relative to the center of the rotating drum. A first receiving mechanism is located at the lower left of the rotating drum, and a second receiving mechanism is located at the lower right of the rotating drum. This invention utilizes the precise and strong adsorption characteristics of electromagnets on ferromagnetic materials, combined with the dynamic working mode of continuous rotation of the rotating drum, to achieve uninterrupted separation of continuously fed mixed materials, greatly improving separation efficiency.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of magnetic separation technology for construction waste, and particularly relates to a magnetic separation device and method for mixed waste materials from steel structure construction. Background Technology

[0002] During the construction of steel structure buildings, from the cutting, drilling, and welding of steel after it arrives on site, to the installation of components and reinforcement of joints, and then to the subsequent laying of the enclosure structure and the construction of auxiliary facilities, a large amount of steel structure waste (such as steel scraps, cutting debris, welding slag, etc.) is generated, along with various types of mixed waste. This waste comes from a wide range of sources and has a complex composition, including wood scraps and wood chips from wooden formwork and supporting timber used in construction, as well as construction waste such as leftover concrete from pouring, broken concrete blocks removed during component installation, and mortar residue. It also contains plastic waste such as plastic packaging film, discarded binding tape, and protective foam, as well as small amounts of discarded bolts, nuts, and other hardware waste, insulation board fragments, and fiberglass residue. This mixture of different materials and shapes with the steel structure waste, some in block form and others in fragments or powder, not only increases the overall difficulty of subsequent recycling and processing but also places higher demands on the adaptability and processing efficiency of waste separation devices.

[0003] However, existing magnetic separation devices have serious shortcomings in separation efficiency when dealing with such needs. Traditional separation methods are mostly characterized by intermittent operation, requiring frequent start-stop cycles to complete each stage of the process, making them unsuitable for the efficient processing mode of continuous feeding. For example, some older magnetic separators require pausing to clean the material adsorbed on the magnets and adjust equipment parameters after each batch of material is separated before starting the next round of operation, resulting in frequent interruptions in material transport and processing. As a result, it is difficult to achieve uninterrupted and efficient separation when faced with a continuous influx of large amounts of mixed materials, severely delaying the material processing process and running counter to the rapid, continuous, and efficient requirements of current large-scale material processing, greatly slowing down the overall recycling progress. Summary of the Invention

[0004] To address the problems existing in the prior art, this invention provides a magnetic separation device for mixed waste materials from steel structure construction. It utilizes the precise and strong adsorption characteristics of electromagnets on ferromagnetic materials, combined with a dynamic working mode of continuous rotation of the drum, to achieve uninterrupted separation of continuously fed mixed materials, greatly improving separation efficiency and solving the problems of the prior art.

[0005] This invention is implemented as follows: a magnetic separation device for mixed waste materials from steel structure construction includes: a feeding hopper, a discharge channel below the feeding hopper, a horizontally arranged rotating drum below the discharge channel, the rotating drum being located at the lower right of the discharge channel, a plurality of electromagnets being fixedly connected to the outer surface of the rotating drum, the plurality of electromagnets being arranged in a ring at equal intervals relative to the center of the rotating drum; a first receiving mechanism being located at the lower left of the rotating drum, and a second receiving mechanism being located at the lower right of the rotating drum.

[0006] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the first receiving mechanism is an inclined feeding plate, and the inclined feeding plate is equipped with a vibration motor.

[0007] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the second receiving mechanism includes a conveyor belt, the upper surface of which is attached to the magnet block; the rotating drum rotates clockwise, and the conveyor belt rotates clockwise.

[0008] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the right side wall of the discharge channel is provided with an installation port, and an upper feed roller and a lower feed roller are connected in the installation port through a toothed transmission; a toothed ring is provided on one side of the rotating drum, and the toothed ring and the convex teeth of the lower feed roller mesh with each other.

[0009] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, it further includes an electric slide table, on which a mounting base is provided. A drive shaft is fixedly connected to the shaft center of the rotating drum, and the drive shaft is rotatably connected to the mounting base via bearings. The feed hopper is a weighing feed hopper, and the weighing feed hopper signal is connected to the electric slide table; the electromagnet signal is connected to a speed adjustment switch, and the weighing feed hopper signal is connected to the speed adjustment switch.

[0010] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the inner wall of the rotating drum is provided with a plurality of push-button switches, each of which is connected to an electromagnet; the inside of the rotating drum is provided with a pressing roller, which can press the push-button switches when the rotating drum moves to the left.

[0011] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the electric slide is tilted at 5°-10°.

[0012] A magnetic separation method for mixed waste materials from steel structure construction, using the aforementioned magnetic separation device for mixed waste materials from steel structure construction, includes the following steps: Material feeding and initial descent: The mixed material is fed into the feed hopper, which plays a role in initially collecting and guiding the material. Under the action of gravity, the material slides down through the discharge channel and finally falls to the left side of the rotating drum. Rotating drum and adsorption separation process: The rotating drum is placed horizontally and maintains a uniform rotation speed. Several electromagnets are fixed on its outer surface in a ring at equal intervals. When the rotating drum starts to rotate, the electromagnet located at the starting position on the left side of the rotating drum comes into contact with the mixed material that has just fallen. During this process, the ferromagnetic substances in the material are firmly attracted to the surface of the electromagnet by the magnetic field generated by the electromagnet and rotate together with the rotating drum. The materials that do not have ferromagnetism and cannot be attracted by the electromagnet roll down the surface of the electromagnet, detach from the rotating drum, and fall directly into the first receiving mechanism set at the lower left of the rotating drum, thus achieving preliminary separation. Adsorbed material collection: The ferromagnetic material attracted by the electromagnet continues to rotate. When it reaches the lower right position of the rotating drum, it is no longer affected by the continuous falling of subsequent materials. At the same time, the electromagnet circuit can be controlled to turn on and off, causing the ferromagnetic material to lose its magnetic attraction and fall naturally into the second receiving mechanism located at the lower right of the rotating drum under the action of gravity, thus completing the complete separation and collection of ferromagnetic and non-ferromagnetic materials.

[0013] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: 1. By utilizing the precise and powerful adsorption characteristics of electromagnets on ferromagnetic materials, combined with the dynamic working mode of continuous rotation of the drum, uninterrupted separation of continuously fed mixed materials can be achieved, greatly improving separation efficiency.

[0014] 2. The overall device is mainly composed of a feeding hopper, a discharging channel, a rotating drum, and a receiving mechanism. The number of components is relatively simple, and the layout is compact and reasonable. It is easy to manufacture and process, reducing production costs, and is convenient to install, debug and maintain in various industrial sites, reducing equipment downtime and ensuring production continuity.

[0015] 3. With the stable and adjustable magnetic field strength of the electromagnet, as long as the magnetic field parameters are set reasonably, it can basically ensure that ferromagnetic materials with different magnetic strengths in the material are almost completely adsorbed and clearly separated from non-ferromagnetic materials, thus ensuring the purity of the collected materials, reducing the pressure of subsequent secondary sorting or purification processes, and improving the quality and efficiency of the entire material processing flow.

[0016] 4. By adjusting parameters such as the rotation speed of the drum, the magnetic field strength of the electromagnet, and the layout angle of the receiving mechanism, it can flexibly adapt to the separation needs of mixed materials with different types, particle sizes, and magnetic properties. When facing working conditions with large fluctuations in material properties, there is no need to drastically change the equipment structure; only minor adjustments to the operating parameters are required for stable operation. Attached Figure Description

[0017] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the magnetic separation device for mixed waste materials from steel structure construction provided in Embodiment 1 of the present invention; Figure 2 This is provided in Embodiment 1 of the present invention. Figure 1 A magnified structural diagram of part A in the middle; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the magnetic separation device for mixed waste materials from steel structure construction provided in Embodiment 2 of the present invention in a usage state; Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the electric slide provided in Embodiment 2 of the present invention; Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of another usage state of the magnetic separation device for mixed waste materials in steel structure construction provided in Embodiment 2 of the present invention; Figure 6 This is provided in Embodiment 2 of the present invention. Figure 5 A magnified structural diagram of part B.

[0018] In the diagram: 1. Feed hopper; 2. Discharge channel; 3. Rotary drum; 4. Electromagnet; 5. First receiving mechanism; 6. Second receiving mechanism; 7. Upper feeding roller; 8. Lower feeding roller; 9. Gear ring; 10. Electric slide table; 11. Mounting base; 12. Drive shaft; 13. Push-button switch; 14. Press roller. Detailed Implementation

[0019] To further understand the invention's content, features, and effects, the following embodiments are provided, and detailed descriptions are given in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

[0020] The structure of the present invention will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0021] Example 1 like Figures 1-2 As shown in the figure, an embodiment of the present invention provides a magnetic separation device for mixed waste materials in steel structure construction, comprising: a feeding hopper 1, a discharge channel 2 below the feeding hopper 1, a horizontally arranged rotating drum 3 below the discharge channel 2, the rotating drum 3 being located at the lower right of the discharge channel 2, a plurality of electromagnets 4 being fixedly connected to the outer surface of the rotating drum 3, the plurality of electromagnets 4 being arranged in a ring at equal intervals relative to the center of the rotating drum 3; a first receiving mechanism 5 being provided at the lower left of the rotating drum 3, and a second receiving mechanism 6 being provided at the lower right of the rotating drum 3.

[0022] With the above settings, the usage includes the following steps: Material feeding and initial descent: The mixed material is fed into the feed hopper 1, which plays a role in the initial collection and guidance of the material. Under the action of gravity, the material slides down through the discharge channel 2 and finally falls to the left side of the rotating drum 3, ready to enter the key area of ​​the separation process.

[0023] Rotating drum 3 and adsorption separation process: The rotating drum 3 is placed horizontally and maintains a uniform rotation speed. Several electromagnets are fixed to its outer surface in a ring at equal intervals. When the rotating drum 3 starts rotating, the electromagnet 4 located at the starting position 4 on the left side of the rotating drum 3 contacts the newly fallen mixed material. During this process, ferromagnetic substances in the material are firmly adsorbed onto the surface of the electromagnet 4 by the magnetic field generated by the electromagnet 4 and rotate with the rotating drum 3. Materials that are not ferromagnetic and cannot be adsorbed by the electromagnet 4 will roll off the surface of the electromagnet 4 due to their own weight and the combined effects of rolling friction and centrifugal force caused by the rotation of the rotating drum 3, detaching from the rotating drum 3 and falling directly into the first receiving mechanism 5 located at the lower left of the rotating drum 3, achieving initial separation.

[0024] Adsorbed material collection: The ferromagnetic material adsorbed by the electromagnet 4 continues to rotate as the drum 3 rotates. When it rotates to the lower right position of the drum 3, it is no longer in the interference area of ​​the continuous falling material. At the same time, the magnetic field can be eliminated by controlling the on / off of the electromagnet 4 circuit, such as cutting off the power to the electromagnet 4 at this point. This causes the originally adsorbed ferromagnetic material to lose its magnetic attraction and fall naturally into the second receiving mechanism 6 located at the lower right of the drum 3 under the action of gravity, thus completing the complete separation and collection of ferromagnetic and non-ferromagnetic materials.

[0025] Specifically, the first receiving mechanism 5 is an inclined feeding plate equipped with a vibrating motor. When the rotating drum 3 rotates to perform material separation, non-ferromagnetic materials that cannot be attracted by the electromagnet 4 will roll down along the electromagnet 4 on the outer surface of the rotating drum 3 and fall directly onto the inclined feeding plate located at the lower left of the rotating drum 3. At this time, the vibrating motor starts to function, generating regular vibrations. The vibration is transmitted to the material piled on it through the structure of the feeding plate itself. On the one hand, the vibration can break up the accumulation and adhesion state that may be formed by the material due to its own friction, shape fit, and other factors, avoiding blockage and stagnation of the material on the feeding plate; on the other hand, with the help of the vibration, the material slides down the inclined surface with the assistance of the vibration, and finally smoothly exits the feeding plate to enter the subsequent collection process or the next processing stage. Throughout the process, the vibration frequency, amplitude, and other parameters of the vibrating motor can be flexibly adjusted according to the particle size, flowability, bulk density, and other characteristics of the material to ensure stable and efficient feeding.

[0026] The above settings have the following beneficial effects: First, the continuous and stable vibration output of the vibrating motor effectively overcomes the friction and adhesion between materials, ensuring that even irregularly shaped materials that are easy to stick together and accumulate can always remain loose and fluid. This greatly reduces the risk of material blockage on the feeding plate, ensures the continuous and smooth operation of the separation device, and reduces the time loss and production interruption caused by equipment failure and downtime to clean up blocked materials.

[0027] Secondly, the design of the inclined feeding plate combined with the vibrating motor utilizes the dual effects of gravity and vibration. The inclined surface provides the basic power for the material to slide down naturally, while the vibration helps the material overcome resistance and accelerate its descent. This allows the material to be discharged from the feeding plate at a faster speed and in a more uniform flow. This helps the magnetic separation device for mixed waste materials in the entire steel structure construction to efficiently connect with subsequent processes, improving the overall production rhythm and efficiency.

[0028] Third, the mixed materials in different construction scenarios vary greatly in terms of particle size, texture, and humidity. The vibration motor can flexibly adjust the vibration parameters as needed. For fine powdery materials, low amplitude high frequency vibration can be used to prevent dust and promote material feeding. For large particles and heavy materials, the amplitude can be increased to forcefully vibrate and break up the accumulation. Combined with the inclined feeding plate, it can easily cope with the characteristics of various materials and broaden the application range of the device.

[0029] Specifically, the second receiving mechanism 6 includes a conveyor belt, the upper surface of which is attached to the magnet block; the rotating drum 3 rotates clockwise, and the conveyor belt rotates clockwise.

[0030] During the operation of the magnetic separation device for mixed waste materials from steel structure construction, the rotating drum 3 maintains a constant clockwise rotation speed. The electromagnets 4 fixed to its outer surface continuously adsorb ferromagnetic substances from the mixed materials as the drum 3 rotates. When the electromagnet 4, adsorbing ferromagnetic materials, rotates to the lower right position of the rotating drum 3, it comes into close contact with the upper surface of the conveyor belt. Simultaneously, the conveyor belt also rotates clockwise. Due to the close contact and relative movement between the upper surface of the conveyor belt and the electromagnet 4, the ferromagnetic materials adsorbed on the electromagnet 4 are cleverly and effectively peeled off one by one by the friction between the conveyor belt and the surface of the electromagnet 4, as well as the scraping and peeling action generated by the conveyor belt's own movement. The parameters such as the stable operating speed of the conveyor belt and the adhesion force are precisely calibrated to ensure effective peeling of the adsorbed materials without hindering or interfering with the structure and normal operation of the electromagnet 4. The peeled-off ferromagnetic materials then fall onto the conveyor belt and are smoothly transported to the designated collection area for further processing or packaging and storage.

[0031] The above settings have the following beneficial effects: 1. Through the ingenious design of the conveyor belt and the four rotating electromagnets, ferromagnetic materials are automatically and continuously separated and collected from the electromagnets, avoiding the inefficiency caused by manual or complex mechanical unloading in traditional methods. The entire process is closely integrated with the rotating drum 3 separation process. Once separated, the material is immediately and efficiently collected and transported, significantly increasing the material throughput of the magnetic separation device for mixed waste materials in the overall steel structure construction, meeting the needs of large-scale industrial production.

[0032] 2. Compared to some methods that use rigid scraping tools to forcibly scrape off adsorbed materials, the soft and conforming characteristics of the conveyor belt generate a relatively gentle and uniform force when peeling off materials, which greatly reduces wear and scratches on the surface coating and structure of the electromagnet 4, extends the service life of the electromagnet 4, reduces the frequency and cost of equipment maintenance, ensures the long-term stable and reliable operation of the magnetic separation device for mixed waste materials in steel structure construction, and reduces production downtime caused by equipment maintenance.

[0033] 3. The orderly and stable operation of the conveyor belt and the gentle peeling mechanism effectively prevent ferromagnetic materials from breaking or deforming due to violent impacts and scraping during unloading. This ensures the integrity of the material particles and their good properties to the greatest extent possible, which is of great significance for subsequent high-precision refining and processing. It helps to improve the quality of the final product and the recycling rate. For example, in the scenario of scrap metal recycling and reprocessing, ensuring the integrity of the recycled metal can directly reduce the energy consumption of subsequent smelting and the complexity of impurity removal processes.

[0034] 4. Using a conveyor belt as the unloading and collection carrier, it integrates stripping and conveying functions. Compared with setting up separate unloading devices and material transfer equipment, it simplifies the number of equipment components, reduces the layout space, and lowers the manufacturing and installation difficulty and cost. At the same time, it reduces the failure points of multi-component coordination and connection, making the magnetic separation device for mixed waste materials in steel structure construction more compact and simple, and easier for daily maintenance, management and troubleshooting.

[0035] Specifically, the right side wall of the discharge channel 2 is provided with an installation port, through which an upper feed roller 7 and a lower feed roller 8 are connected via a toothed transmission. A toothed ring 9 is provided on one side of the rotating drum 1, with the teeth of the toothed ring 9 meshing with those of the lower feed roller 8. When the magnetic separation device for mixed waste materials from steel structure construction is started, the rotating drum 3 begins to rotate clockwise at a constant speed under the action of the drive device, and the toothed ring 9 installed on one side of the rotating drum 3 also rotates synchronously. Because the gears of the toothed ring 9 and the lower feed roller 8 are tightly meshed, as the toothed ring 9 continues to rotate, the lower feed roller 8 is driven by the toothed ring 9 through gear transmission, and begins to rotate counterclockwise (opposite to the rotation direction of the rotating drum 3, determined based on the meshing transmission principle) according to a specific transmission ratio. Simultaneously, the lower feed roller 8, through its own gear meshing connection with the upper feed roller 7, transmits power to the upper feed roller 7, causing the upper feed roller 7 to rotate clockwise (opposite to the rotation direction of the lower feed roller 8).

[0036] Within the discharge channel 2, as material slides down the channel under gravity in preparation for entering the rotating drum 3 for magnetic separation, the counter-rotating upper and lower feeding rollers 8 play a crucial role. The upper feeding roller 7, rotating clockwise, pushes material that may accumulate on the upper right side of the discharge channel 2 to the left and downward, loosening it and allowing it to continue moving downward. The lower feeding roller 8, rotating counter-clockwise, focuses on clearing material accumulated on the lower right side of the discharge channel 2, pushing the material towards the center of the channel and towards the rotating drum 3. The cross-flow effect created by the opposite rotation directions of the two rollers comprehensively disturbs and breaks up the material accumulation, ensuring that the material always maintains a smooth flow and preventing blockages caused by factors such as moisture, uneven particle size, or stickiness. This guarantees continuous and efficient material discharge from the discharge channel 2, providing a stable supply for the subsequent magnetic separation operation of the rotating drum 3.

[0037] Example 2 Based on the above technical solution, the following content is added to form a new solution: See Figures 3-6 It also includes an electric slide table 10, on which a mounting base 11 is provided. A drive shaft 12 is fixedly connected to the axis of the rotating drum 3, and the drive shaft 12 is rotatably connected to the mounting base 11 through bearings. The feeding hopper 1 is a weighing feeding hopper, and the signal of the weighing feeding hopper is connected to the electric slide table 10; the electromagnet 4 is connected to a speed adjustment switch, and the signal of the weighing feeding hopper 1 is connected to the speed adjustment switch.

[0038] The inner wall of the rotating drum 3 is provided with several push-button switches 13, and each push-button switch 13 is connected to an electromagnet 4; the inside of the rotating drum 3 is provided with a pressing roller 14, and when the rotating drum 3 moves to the left, the pressing roller 14 can press the push-button switches 13.

[0039] The above settings achieve the following effects: Material weight monitoring and equipment linkage adjustment: After the entire system starts up, the material is continuously fed into the weighing feed hopper 1, where a weighing sensor monitors the material weight in real time. When the measured weight exceeds a preset value, it means that the metal content in the mixture is relatively high. Based on this signal, the feed hopper 1 transmits a command to the electric slide table 10, which drives the mounting base 11 to move to the left in the lateral direction. Since the drive shaft 12 of the rotating drum 3 is fixed to the mounting base 11 by bearings, the rotating drum 3 moves to the left synchronously. In this way, the material can come into contact with more electromagnets 4 as it falls through the discharge channel 2, increasing the chance of magnetic attraction and improving the adsorption rate of ferromagnetic materials.

[0040] At the same time, the overload signal of the feed hopper 1 is transmitted to the adjustment switch. After receiving the instruction, the adjustment switch increases the power supply voltage or current of the electromagnet 4 to enhance the magnetic strength of the electromagnet 4, ensuring strong and full adsorption of high proportion of metal materials.

[0041] Material unloading control mechanism: When the rotating drum 3 is in its normal, non-leftward state, the conveyor belt rotates in contact with the electromagnet 4, dislodging and collecting the adsorbed material. However, after the rotating drum 3 moves to the left, the conveyor belt and electromagnet 4 lose contact, and the original unloading method becomes ineffective. At this time, the pressing roller 14 inside the rotating drum 3 comes into play. As the rotating drum 3 rotates, when the rotating drum 3 moves to the left and the pressing roller 14 aligns with the button switch 13 on the inner wall, the pressing roller 14 will press the button switch 13 one by one.

[0042] Each push-button switch 13 is individually connected to the corresponding electromagnet 4 circuit. Once pressed, the power circuit of the electromagnet 4 is cut off, causing the electromagnet 4 to lose its magnetic force instantly. The ferromagnetic material adsorbed on it falls to the conveyor belt below under the action of gravity, completing the unloading process and ensuring that the material separation and collection process continues to operate smoothly under the new working conditions.

[0043] The above settings have the following beneficial effects: 1. The weighing hopper 1 monitors the material weight in real time, intelligently determining the proportion of metal materials. This, in turn, triggers the electric slide table 10 and the electromagnet 4 adjustment switch to make adaptive adjustments, allowing the equipment to automatically adapt to the characteristics of different batches of materials. When the metal content is high, the number of contacts and magnetic strength of the electromagnet 4 are increased to ensure that no adsorbable metal material is missed, greatly improving the accuracy and efficiency of separating ferromagnetic and non-ferromagnetic materials, reducing the workload of subsequent secondary sorting, and optimizing the overall material processing flow and output quality.

[0044] 2. To address the problem of the conveyor belt being unable to unload properly due to the adjustment of the position of the rotating drum 3, a combination mechanism of the pressing roller 14 and the push-button switch 13 is introduced to solve the unloading dilemma. Regardless of the working position of the rotating drum 3, the adsorbed material can be stably and reliably unloaded onto the conveyor belt in sequence, avoiding the accumulation and retention of material on the electromagnet 4, which affects the adsorption effect and equipment operation. This maintains the high efficiency and continuous operation of the magnetic separation device for mixed waste materials from steel structure construction, meeting the needs of large-scale, uninterrupted industrial production.

[0045] 3. Based on the existing magnetic separation device for mixed waste materials from steel structure construction, an electric slide table 10, pressing rollers 14, and other components and corresponding control links are integrated. The internal space of the rotating drum 3 is fully utilized to arrange push-button switches 13. The overall structure is compact and reasonable, requiring no major dismantling or expansion of the main equipment architecture. This achieves functional upgrades to handle complex working conditions while controlling equipment manufacturing costs and installation and commissioning difficulty, shortening the equipment upgrade cycle, facilitating rapid promotion and application on existing production lines, and improving the efficiency of enterprise production equipment upgrades.

[0046] 4. The adjustment switch precisely controls the magnetic force of the electromagnet 4 according to the actual needs of the material, avoiding energy waste caused by running at high magnetic force when the proportion of metal material is low; and only drives the electric slide table 10 to move and activates the pressing roller 14 to unload when the material is overweight or necessary. Each component operates as needed, reducing unnecessary mechanical wear and electrical losses, extending the service life of key equipment such as the electric slide table 10 and electromagnet 4, reducing long-term maintenance costs of the equipment, and improving the cost-effectiveness of the equipment throughout its entire life cycle.

[0047] Preferably, the electric slide 10 is tilted at 5°-10°. The electric slide 10 is set to tilt 5°-10°. When the weighing hopper 1 detects that the material weight exceeds a preset value and sends a command to the electric slide 10, the electric slide 10 starts operating. Due to its tilt angle, the drive mounting base 11 moves smoothly to the lower left along the tilt direction, thereby driving the drive shaft 12 at the axis of the connected rotating drum 3 to move synchronously, achieving a directional displacement of the rotating drum 3 to the lower left. During this movement, thanks to the tilt angle design, the rotating drum 3 can avoid the obstruction that the lower feeding roller 8 might cause in its normal horizontal position, ensuring that the rotating drum 3 moves smoothly to the left without obstruction. Because the lower feeding roller 8 is located at the mounting opening on the right side wall of the discharge channel 2, the two are prone to interference and collision in space when the rotating drum 3 moves horizontally normally. The tilted leftward movement cleverly changes the trajectory of the rotating drum 3, achieving physical avoidance.

[0048] A magnetic separation method for mixed waste materials from steel structure construction, using the aforementioned magnetic separation device for mixed waste materials from steel structure construction, includes the following steps: Material feeding and initial falling: The mixed material is fed into the feed hopper 1, which plays the role of initially collecting and guiding the material. Under the action of gravity, the material slides down through the discharge channel 2 and finally falls to the left side of the rotating drum 3. Rotating drum 3 and adsorption separation process: The rotating drum 3 is placed horizontally and maintains a uniform rotation. Several electromagnets 4 are fixed on its outer surface in a ring at equal intervals. When the rotating drum 3 starts to rotate, the electromagnet 4 located at the starting position on the left side of the rotating drum 3 comes into contact with the mixed material that has just fallen. During this process, the ferromagnetic substances in the material are firmly adsorbed onto the surface of the electromagnet 4 by the magnetic field generated by the electromagnet 4 and rotate together with the rotating drum 3. The materials that do not have ferromagnetism and cannot be adsorbed by the electromagnet 4 roll down the surface of the electromagnet 4, detach from the rotating drum 3, and fall directly into the first receiving mechanism 5 set at the lower left of the rotating drum 3, thus achieving preliminary separation. Adsorbed material collection: The ferromagnetic material adsorbed by the electromagnet 4 continues to rotate as the drum 3 rotates. When it rotates to the lower right position of the drum 3, it is no longer in the interference area of ​​the continuous falling material. At the same time, the ferromagnetic material originally adsorbed loses its magnetic attraction by controlling the circuit of the electromagnet 4. Under the action of gravity, it falls naturally into the second receiving mechanism 6 located at the lower right of the drum 3, thus completing the complete separation and collection of ferromagnetic and non-ferromagnetic materials.

[0049] Working principle of the invention: In operation, the mixed materials are fed into the feed hopper 1, which serves to initially collect and guide the materials. Under the influence of gravity, the materials slide downwards through the discharge channel 2 and finally land on the left side of the rotating drum 3. The rotating drum 3 is horizontally positioned and maintains a uniform rotation speed. Several electromagnets 4 are fixed at equal intervals in a ring on its outer surface. When the rotating drum 3 starts to rotate, the electromagnet 4 located at the initial position on the left side of the rotating drum 3 contacts the newly fallen mixed materials. During this process, the ferromagnetic substances in the materials are firmly attracted to the surface of the electromagnet 4 by the magnetic field generated by the electromagnet 4 and rotate with the rotating drum 3. Materials that cannot be attracted by electromagnet 4 roll off the surface of electromagnet 4, detach from the rotating drum 3, and fall directly into the first receiving mechanism 5 located at the lower left of the rotating drum 3, achieving initial separation. Ferromagnetic materials attracted by electromagnet 4 continue to rotate as the rotating drum 3 rotates. When it reaches the lower right position of the rotating drum 3, it is no longer affected by the continuous falling of subsequent materials. At the same time, by controlling the on / off state of the circuit of electromagnet 4, the ferromagnetic materials that were originally attracted lose their magnetic attraction and fall naturally into the second receiving mechanism 6 located at the lower right of the rotating drum 3 under the action of gravity, completing the complete separation and collection of ferromagnetic and non-ferromagnetic materials.

[0050] It should be noted that, in this document, relational terms such as "first" and "second" are used only to distinguish one entity or operation from another, and do not necessarily require or imply any such actual relationship or order between these entities or operations. Furthermore, the terms "comprising," "including," or any other variations thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements includes not only those elements but also other elements not expressly listed, or elements inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus.

[0051] Although embodiments of the invention have been shown and described, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made to these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A magnetic separation device for mixed waste materials from steel structure construction, characterized in that, include: A feeding hopper (1) is provided below the feeding hopper (1), and a discharge channel (2) is provided below the discharge channel (2). A horizontally arranged rotating cylinder (3) is provided below the discharge channel (2). The rotating cylinder (3) is located to the lower right of the discharge channel (2). Several electromagnets (4) are fixedly connected to the outer surface of the rotating cylinder (3). The several electromagnets (4) are arranged in a ring at equal intervals relative to the center of the rotating cylinder (3). The rotating drum (3) has a first receiving mechanism (5) located on its lower left side and a second receiving mechanism (6) located on its lower right side.

2. The magnetic separation device for mixed waste materials from steel structure construction as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The first receiving mechanism (5) is an inclined feeding plate, and the inclined feeding plate is equipped with a vibration motor.

3. The magnetic separation device for mixed waste materials from steel structure construction as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The second receiving mechanism (6) includes a conveyor belt, the upper surface of which is attached to the magnet block; the drum (3) rotates clockwise, and the conveyor belt rotates clockwise.

4. The magnetic separation device for mixed waste materials from steel structure construction as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The right side wall of the discharge channel (2) is provided with an installation port, and the installation port is connected to an upper feeding roller (7) and a lower feeding roller (8) connected by a toothed transmission. A toothed ring (9) is provided on one side of the rotating drum (1), and the toothed ring (9) meshes with the convex teeth of the lower feed roller (8).

5. The magnetic separation device for mixed waste materials from steel structure construction as described in claim 4, characterized in that: It also includes an electric slide (10), on which a mounting base (11) is provided, and a drive shaft (12) is fixedly connected to the shaft of the rotating drum (3), and the drive shaft (12) is rotatably connected to the mounting base (11) through a bearing.

6. The feeding hopper (1) is a weighing feeding hopper, and the weighing feeding hopper is connected to the electric slide table (10). The electromagnet (4) is connected to a speed adjustment switch, and the weighing hopper (1) is connected to the speed adjustment switch.

7. The magnetic separation device for mixed waste materials from steel structure construction as described in claim 5, characterized in that: The inner wall of the rotating drum (3) is provided with several push-button switches (13), and the push-button switches (13) and the electromagnets (4) are connected one by one; The rotating drum (3) is equipped with a pressing roller (14). When the rotating drum (3) moves to the left, the pressing roller (14) can press the button switch (13).

8. The magnetic separation device for mixed waste materials from steel structure construction as described in claim 6, characterized in that: The electric slide (10) is tilted at 5°-10°.

9. A magnetic separation method for mixed waste materials from steel structure construction, characterized in that, The magnetic separation device for mixed waste materials from steel structure construction as described in claims 1-7 includes the following steps: Material feeding and initial falling: Mixed materials are fed into the feed hopper (1). The feed hopper (1) plays the role of initially collecting and guiding the materials. Under the action of gravity, the materials slide down through the discharge channel (2) and finally fall to the left side of the rotating drum (3). Rotating drum (3) rotation and adsorption separation process: The rotating drum (3) is placed horizontally and maintains a uniform rotation state. Several electromagnets (4) are fixed on its outer surface in a ring at equal intervals. When the rotating drum (3) starts to rotate, the electromagnet (4) located at the starting position on the left side of the rotating drum (3) comes into contact with the mixed material that has just fallen. In this process, the ferromagnetic substances in the material will be firmly adsorbed onto the surface of the electromagnet (4) by the magnetic field generated by the electromagnet (4) and rotate together with the rotating drum (3). The material that does not have ferromagnetism and cannot be adsorbed by the electromagnet (4) rolls down along the surface of the electromagnet (4), gets off the rotating drum (3), and falls directly into the first receiving mechanism (5) set at the lower left of the rotating drum (3) to achieve preliminary separation. Adsorbed material collection: The ferromagnetic material adsorbed by the electromagnet (4) continues to rotate as the drum (3) rotates. When it rotates to the lower right position of the drum (3), it is away from the interference area of ​​the continuous falling material. At the same time, by controlling the on and off of the electromagnet (4) circuit, the ferromagnetic material originally adsorbed loses its magnetic adsorption and falls naturally into the second receiving mechanism (6) located at the lower right of the drum (3) under the action of gravity, thus completing the complete separation and collection of ferromagnetic material and non-ferromagnetic material.

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