Design method and device of quantum sensor architecture, storage medium
By designing a quantum sensor configuration and a symmetry-protected measurement protocol using continuous symmetry groups, the quantum state and environmental noise are dynamically decoupled, solving the problem of insufficient sensitivity of quantum sensors in practical environments and achieving higher sensitivity and signal-to-noise ratio improvements.
Patent Information
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Applications(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- GUANGXI XINBAITE MICROELECTRONICS CO LTD
- Filing Date
- 2026-02-13
- Publication Date
- 2026-06-23
Smart Images
Figure CN122264152A_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] This application relates to the field of quantum sensor architecture design technology, specifically to a design method and device for a quantum sensor architecture, and a storage medium. Background Technology
[0002] Quantum sensors differ from traditional sensors in that they perform high-speed arithmetic and logical operations, as well as process and store quantum information, in accordance with the principles of quantum mechanics. The standard quantum limit is a benchmark for measurement accuracy in quantum mechanics and serves as the core standard for measuring the sensitivity of quantum sensors. It is fundamentally limited by quantum noise and environmental decoherence. Quantum noise is the inherent energy fluctuation in a quantum system, manifested as random perturbations of quantum states. Environmental decoherence, also known as decoherence, refers to the shortening of the coherence time of a quantum state due to the influence of external environmental noise on the qubit.
[0003] Existing technologies generally utilize the generation of complex entangled states to maintain the entanglement properties of qubits, thereby exceeding the standard quantum limit and ensuring high sensitivity in quantum sensors. However, in practical quantum sensors, it is impossible to completely prevent qubits from contacting the outside world. The generated entangled states are still affected by external environmental noise, and the entanglement properties of the qubits can still be disrupted. In other words, they have poor immunity to environmental noise, making it difficult for quantum sensors to maintain high sensitivity in real-world environments. Summary of the Invention
[0004] In view of this, this application provides a design method and device for a quantum sensor architecture, as well as a storage medium, which can improve the problems of poor immunity to environmental noise and low sensitivity of traditional quantum sensors.
[0005] This application provides a design method for a quantum sensor architecture, including: Receive target signal specifications and environmental noise information; Based on the target signal specification and environmental noise information, a continuous symmetric group is identified. Design the quantum sensor configuration based on the aforementioned continuous symmetry group; Generate a symmetry-protected measurement protocol based on the quantum sensor configuration, including: reconstructing the quantum state with a minimum number of times based on the quantum sensor configuration during operation of the quantum sensor; The quantum sensor architecture specification is output based on the measurement protocol.
[0006] Optionally, designing the quantum sensor configuration based on the continuous symmetry group includes: Quantum state encoding located in a symmetry-protected subspace is synthesized through the continuous symmetry group; The control pulse sequence that maintains symmetry protection is achieved through the design of the continuous symmetry group; The measurement protocol, which is configured to maintain symmetry protection based on the quantum sensor, includes: Based on the control pulse sequence, the operation phase of the quantum sensor is executed in the order of continuous symmetry group analysis, execution of quantum state encoding, and dynamic decoupling.
[0007] Optionally, the continuous symmetry group is a special unitary group SU(n), and the synthesis of quantum state encoding located in a symmetry-protected subspace through the continuous symmetry group includes: Perform Lie group analysis on the quantum states of the quantum sensor; Based on the results of the Lie group analysis, a symmetry-protected decoherent free subspace is defined; Quantum states are encoded into the decoherent free subspace to achieve quantum state encoding.
[0008] Optionally, the manner in which the decoherent free subspace is defined includes: The physical characteristics of the environmental noise are obtained by analyzing the environmental noise information. Based on the aforementioned physical characteristics, the noise generator and its constituent Lie algebra are obtained; The subspace that commutes with the noise generator is determined based on the Lie algebra to serve as a decoherent free subspace, in which the quantum states remain coherent under the influence of environmental noise.
[0009] Optionally, the continuous symmetry group is a special unitary group SU(n), and the control pulse sequence designed to maintain symmetry protection through the continuous symmetry group includes: The access operations to the quantum sensor are represented as unitary group elements of the unitary evolution matrix; The unitary evolution matrix is decomposed into a sequence of exponential operations of Lie algebras using a pre-defined decomposition technique. The shortest path of the exponential operation sequence of the Lie algebra is found by geometric method, and a symmetric control pulse sequence is formed according to the control parameters corresponding to the shortest path.
[0010] Optionally, the measurement protocol further includes: Multiple quantum state copies are obtained based on the target signal specification and environmental noise information; Select the optimal measurement basis; Acquire measurement data from multiple quantum state replicas under the optimal measurement basis to form a measurement set; The measurement protocol is generated based on the measurement set, including: selecting a preset reconstruction algorithm, and reconstructing the quantum state based on the measurement set and the preset reconstruction algorithm.
[0011] Optionally, the selection of the optimal measurement basis includes: The manifold representation of the plurality of quantum state copies is given as real parameters; Fisher information is calculated based on the real parameters; Multiple measurement bases are used as points on the Stiefel manifold; Riemann gradient ascent is performed on the Stiefel manifold to obtain the measurement basis when Fisher information is maximized, and this basis is used as the optimal measurement basis.
[0012] Optionally, acquiring measurement data from multiple quantum state replicas under the optimal measurement basis to form a measurement set includes: Measurement data of multiple quantum state replicas under the optimal measurement basis are acquired, and measurement data corresponding to the quantum state density matrix that can achieve quantum state fidelity are selected to form a measurement set.
[0013] This application provides a design device for a quantum sensor architecture, including a processor and a memory. The memory stores a design program, and when the design program is executed by the processor, it implements the steps of any of the above-described quantum sensor architecture design methods.
[0014] This application provides a storage medium storing a computer program, which, when executed by a processor, implements the steps of any of the above-described quantum sensor architecture design methods.
[0015] As described above, this application identifies a continuous symmetry group based on the target signal specification and environmental noise information, then designs a quantum sensor configuration using the continuous symmetry group, and subsequently generates a symmetry-protected measurement protocol based on the quantum sensor configuration to output the quantum sensor architecture specification. That is, this application uses a continuous symmetry group to realize a symmetry-protected quantum sensor architecture. Since symmetry-protected quantum sensors are naturally immune to certain types of errors, such as bit flips, through physical design, error correction resources can be concentrated on other types of errors, such as phase flips, making the error correction scheme simpler. In other words, a quantum sensor architecture with strong error correction capability is more immune to environmental noise, which can improve the environmental decoherence problem, thereby helping to exceed the standard quantum limit and ensuring that the quantum sensor achieves high sensitivity.
[0016] Furthermore, during the operation of the quantum sensor, the quantum state is reconstructed with the fewest possible times based on the quantum sensor configuration, thereby reducing the number of measurements performed under the measurement basis during quantum state reconstruction. As is common knowledge in the art, the measurement accuracy of the quantum sensor is determined by the ratio of quantum noise to the number of measurements. This application can further facilitate exceeding the standard quantum limit and ensure that the quantum sensor achieves high sensitivity. Attached Figure Description
[0017] Figure 1This is a schematic flowchart illustrating a design method for a quantum sensor architecture according to an embodiment of this application; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the process of synthesizing quantum state encoding using continuous symmetry groups in this application; Figure 3 This is a flowchart illustrating the process of reconstructing the quantum state with the fewest steps required in this application; Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the process for selecting the optimal measurement base in this application; Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the design device of a quantum sensor architecture according to an embodiment of this application. Detailed Implementation
[0018] Traditional quantum sensor architectures primarily utilize the generation of complex entangled states to surpass the standard quantum limit and ensure the sensitivity of the quantum sensor. However, the generated entangled states are still susceptible to external environmental noise, making it difficult to maintain the entanglement characteristics of qubits. To address the aforementioned problems in the prior art, this application provides a design method, device, and storage medium for a quantum sensor architecture. These protection subjects are based on the same concept, and the principles for solving the problems are basically the same or similar. The implementation methods of each protection subject can be referred to mutually, and repeated details are not elaborated.
[0019] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this application clearer, the technical solutions of this application will be clearly described below in conjunction with specific embodiments and corresponding drawings. Obviously, the embodiments described below are only a part of the embodiments of this application, and not all of them. Unless otherwise specified, the following embodiments and their technical features can be combined with each other, and also belong to the technical solutions of this application.
[0020] Figure 1 This is a flowchart illustrating a design method for a quantum sensor architecture according to an embodiment of this application. The design method for the quantum sensor architecture can also be referred to as a "method" or "design method," and the entity executing each step can be a design device adapted to the quantum sensor architecture, a computer performing quantum sensor design, or a storage medium, processor, controller, etc., with design functionality.
[0021] like Figure 1 As shown, the method includes at least the following steps S1 to S5.
[0022] S1, Receive target signal specifications and environmental noise information.
[0023] The target signal specification refers to the minimum detectable thresholds and technical indicators that a quantum sensor must meet in terms of intensity, frequency, coherence time, bandwidth, and signal-to-noise ratio to achieve the preset measurement accuracy. The target signal refers to the actual physical response induced in the quantum system by the physical quantity being tested.
[0024] The environmental noise information refers to the noise that affects the quantum state that needs to be considered when designing the quantum sensor architecture. In actual fields, the types of environmental noise include, but are not limited to, thermal noise, Gaussian white noise, 1 / f noise, Poisson impulse noise, and one or more of quantum noise.
[0025] S2. Based on the target signal specification and environmental noise information, a continuous symmetric group is identified.
[0026] The continuous symmetry group was chosen to better describe and suppress environmental noise.
[0027] When selecting a continuous symmetry group based on the physical qubit specifications, the symmetry group that can effectively protect quantum information is chosen according to parameters such as the strength, frequency, coherence time, bandwidth, and signal-to-noise ratio of the target signal. For example, for quantum systems with long coherence times, a group with higher symmetry needs to be selected to ensure the stable preservation of quantum information.
[0028] When selecting a continuous symmetry group based on environmental noise information, for specific noise types (such as thermal noise, Gaussian white noise, 1 / f noise), a symmetry group that can suppress or cancel these noises should be chosen. For example, for 1 / f noise, it may be necessary to select a symmetry group that can effectively suppress low-frequency fluctuations.
[0029] Therefore, by combining the target signal specification with environmental noise information, a continuous symmetry group that can both protect quantum information and suppress environmental noise can be selected, thereby optimizing the performance of the quantum sensor.
[0030] In one example, the continuous symmetry group corresponding to the maximum summation value can be obtained by assigning weight coefficients to each item of the target signal specification and environmental noise information, and then using this weighted summation as the continuous symmetry group selected in S2. For example, first, the three items of the target signal specification (intensity, frequency, and coherence time) and the three items of the environmental noise information (thermal noise, Gaussian white noise, and 1 / f noise) are obtained. Then, according to the importance of each item, weight coefficients k1, k2, and k3 are assigned to intensity, frequency, and coherence time, respectively, and weight coefficients k4, k5, and k6 are assigned to thermal noise, Gaussian white noise, and 1 / f noise, respectively. The candidate continuous symmetry groups are Q1 and Q2. The influence values of continuous symmetry groups Q1 and Q2 on each item of the target signal specification and environmental noise information can be obtained through multiple experiments. For example, with other items unchanged, the duration for which the two continuous symmetry groups maintain quantum state stability when each item (e.g., storage capacity) takes different values is tested. For example, the influence values of continuous symmetry group Q1 on intensity, frequency, and coherence time are S1, S2, and S3, respectively. 11 S 12 S 13 The effects on thermal noise, Gaussian white noise, and 1 / f noise are S, respectively. 14 S 15 S 16 The influence values of the continuous symmetry group Q2 on the intensity, frequency, and coherence time are S, respectively. 21 S 22 S 23 The effects on thermal noise, Gaussian white noise, and 1 / f noise are S, respectively. 24 S 25 S 26 Then, by summing the following relation, we obtain two values S1 and S2. When S1 is greater than S2, we select the continuous symmetric group Q1. When S1 is less than S2, we select the continuous symmetric group Q2. When S1 is equal to S2, we can select either one.
[0031] S1 = k1*S 11 +k2*S 12 +k3*S 13 +k4*S 14 +k5*S 15 +k6*S 16 S2 = k1*S 21 +k2*S 22 +k3*S 23 +k4*S 24 +k5*S 15 +k6*S 26 In a specific scenario, the continuous symmetric group can be a Lie group, such as at least one of the following: rotation group SO(3), translation group T(3), unitary group U(n), special unitary group SU(n), and Lorentz group.
[0032] S3. Design the quantum sensor configuration based on the continuous symmetry group.
[0033] S4. Generate a measurement protocol that maintains symmetry protection based on the quantum sensor configuration, including: reconstructing the quantum state with a minimum number of times based on the quantum sensor configuration during operation of the quantum sensor.
[0034] In one example, the quantum sensor configuration includes at least quantum state encoding and a control pulse sequence. In step S3, the quantum state encoding, located in a symmetry-protected subspace, is synthesized using the continuous symmetry group, and the control pulse sequence, designed to maintain symmetry protection, is also constructed using the continuous symmetry group. The resulting measurement protocol includes: based on the control pulse sequence, executing the quantum sensor's operation phase in the order of continuous symmetry group analysis, execution of the quantum state encoding, and dynamic decoupling.
[0035] When the continuous symmetric group is a special unitary group SU(n), combined with Figure 2 As shown, the method of synthesizing the quantum state encoding by continuous symmetry group includes steps S31 to S33.
[0036] S31. Perform Lie group analysis on the quantum states of the quantum sensor.
[0037] As a quantum system, a quantum sensor contains all possible quantum states that constitute a complex geometric space, such as a Hilbert space. Lie group analysis first identifies the physical properties of the ambient noise in the quantum system, namely continuous symmetries, such as rotational symmetries or phase symmetries, to form a Lie group. Then, based on Lie group analysis, the noise generators and the Lie algebras they constitute are obtained.
[0038] S32. Based on the results of Lie group analysis, define a symmetry-protected decoherent free subspace.
[0039] The noise generator and its Lie algebra are obtained through Lie group analysis. Then, the subspace that commutes with the noise generator is determined based on the Lie algebra. This subspace is a symmetry-protected subspace. The quantum states in this symmetry-protected subspace maintain coherence under the influence of environmental noise, thus serving as a decoherent free subspace.
[0040] S33. Encode the quantum state into the decoherent free subspace to achieve quantum state encoding.
[0041] When the continuous symmetric group is a special unitary group SU(n), the method for designing the control pulse sequence includes: first, representing the access operation to the quantum sensor as Lie group elements of the unitary evolution matrix; then, using a preset decomposition technique to decompose the Lie group elements of the unitary evolution matrix into a sequence of exponential operations of Lie algebras; finally, solving for the shortest path of the exponential operation sequence of the Lie algebras using a geometric method, and forming a symmetric control pulse sequence based on the control parameters corresponding to the shortest path.
[0042] Optionally, the geometric method is a gradient descent algorithm or a genetic algorithm, and the preset decomposition technique is a Cartan decomposition technique or a Gaussian decomposition technique; the control parameters corresponding to the shortest path include the amplitude, phase, and timing of the pulse.
[0043] It should be noted that the principles and processes of performing the aforementioned Lie group analysis and designing control pulse sequences based on Lie group-synthesized quantum state encoding can be found in common knowledge in the field, and will not be elaborated upon here.
[0044] In the aforementioned measurement protocol, the quantum state of the quantum sensor is actively and dynamically decoupled from environmental noise based on a control pulse sequence. Dynamic decoupling extends the coherence time of the quantum system. This dynamic decoupling, in quantum memory, suppresses the influence of environmental noise by applying a periodic control pulse sequence. Specifically, the designed control pulse sequence periodically flips the state of the qubit during its evolution, thereby averaging the impact of environmental noise, reducing the cumulative effect of noise on the qubit, and slowing down the random drift of the quantum state phase. This extends the coherence time of the quantum state, thus improving the environmental decoherence problem of the quantum sensor. This makes the quantum sensor architecture more immune to environmental noise, ultimately helping to exceed the standard quantum limit and ensuring high sensitivity of the quantum sensor.
[0045] In one example, the dynamic decoupling is performed in a continuous control field, which is a physical field through which the quantum sensor is modulated by continuous parameters. That is, a continuous microwave field resonating or nearly resonating with the qubit is applied, which flips the quantum state of the qubit, causing the quantum state to rotate continuously and rapidly about a fixed axis. The quantum system is very weakly affected by rapid oscillations, thus greatly suppressing the influence of noise on the quantum system. The sequence of control pulses can be considered as the timing, amplitude, and phase of flipping the quantum state of the qubit.
[0046] S5, Quantum sensor architecture specification based on measurement protocol output.
[0047] Based on the above steps S1 to S5, this application adopts a continuous symmetry group to realize a symmetry-protected quantum sensor architecture. Since the symmetry-protected quantum sensor is naturally immune to certain types of errors, such as bit flips, through physical design, error correction resources can be concentrated on other types of errors such as phase flips, making the error correction scheme simpler. In other words, a quantum sensor architecture with strong error correction capability is more immune to environmental noise, which can improve the environmental decoherence problem, thereby helping to exceed the standard quantum limit and ensuring that the quantum sensor achieves high sensitivity.
[0048] Furthermore, in the measurement protocol generated in S4, during the operation of the quantum sensor, the quantum state is reconstructed with a minimum number of attempts based on the quantum sensor configuration. This quantum state reconstruction, also known as quantum state reconstruction, involves statistically analyzing the measurement results of a large number of quantum systems prepared under identical conditions to deduce the density matrix describing the quantum state, i.e., the quantum state density matrix, thereby fully characterizing the state of the quantum system, for example, at least the entangled state. S4 reconstructs the quantum state with a minimum number of attempts, reducing the number of measurements performed under the measurement basis during quantum state reconstruction. Based on the well-known fact in the art that the measurement accuracy of a quantum sensor is determined by the ratio of quantum noise to the number of measurements, this application can further facilitate exceeding the standard quantum limit, ensuring that the quantum sensor achieves high sensitivity. In practical scenarios, the quantum sensor of this application can achieve at least a 3 dB improvement in signal-to-noise ratio compared to traditional quantum sensors.
[0049] In one example, combining Figure 3 As shown, this application can achieve the reconstruction of the quantum state with the fewest number of steps through the following steps S311 to S314, or the measurement protocol further includes the following steps S311 to S314.
[0050] S311. Based on the target signal specification and environmental noise information, obtain multiple quantum state copies; S312. Select the optimal measurement basis; S313. Acquire measurement data of multiple quantum state replicas under the optimal measurement basis to form a measurement set; S314. Generate a measurement protocol based on the measurement set, including: selecting a preset reconstruction algorithm, and reconstructing the quantum state based on the measurement set and the preset reconstruction algorithm.
[0051] In step S311, a quantum state replica is a set of multiple identical and independent quantum states prepared from an unknown quantum state. Due to the irreversible nature of quantum state collapse, a single measurement cannot obtain complete information about the quantum state; therefore, parallel measurements must be performed using a large number of identical and independent quantum state replicas. The quantum states of each quantum source are simulated by simulating the detection conditions of the quantum sensor (i.e., the target signal gauge and environmental noise information) to generate multiple independent quantum state replicas. In other words, the constructed quantum state generator precisely replicates the initial quantum state to be measured under the same parameters.
[0052] Combination Figure 4 As shown, the method of selecting the optimal measurement basis in S312 includes the following steps S321 to S324.
[0053] S321. Represent the manifold of multiple quantum state replicas as real parameters; S322. Calculate Fisher information based on the real parameters; S323. Treat multiple measurement bases as points on the Stiefel manifold; S324. Perform Riemann gradient ascent on the Stiefel manifold to obtain the measurement basis when Fisher information is maximized, and use it as the optimal measurement basis.
[0054] Step S321 involves parameterizing the density matrix corresponding to the manifold of multiple quantum state replicas, representing it as multiple real parameters, thereby obtaining a real parameter space of a preset dimension, which constitutes the local coordinate system of the manifold; Step S322 calculates the Fisher information matrix based on these real parameters. The trace of this Fisher information matrix can directly quantify the estimation accuracy of the measurement basis for the real parameters and is a mathematical tool for measuring the information gain of the measurement basis; the measurement basis set { The array, composed of unitary operators, forms a Stiefel manifold; therefore, step S323 involves combining multiple measurement bases. } are considered as points on the Stiefel manifold; in order to maintain the unitary constraint, step S324 uses Riemann optimization, which can be regarded as using Riemann gradient ascent to optimize the Stiefel manifold and obtain the measurement basis when the Fisher information is maximized (i.e. the trace of the Fisher information matrix is maximized), which is used as the optimal measurement basis.
[0055] In S313, in one example, measurement data of multiple quantum state replicas under the optimal measurement basis are acquired, and measurement data corresponding to the quantum state density matrix that can achieve quantum state fidelity are selected to form a measurement set. That is, after obtaining measurement data under the optimal measurement basis, the corresponding quantum state fidelity is calculated based on the density matrix of each preset quantum state, for example, through a relational expression. The fidelity of each quantum state is calculated, then compared with the target quantum state fidelity, and the quantum state fidelity that achieves the target quantum state fidelity is selected. Finally, the measurement data corresponding to the density matrix are used to form a measurement set. Indicating similarity, It is an abbreviation for Trace, which represents the summation of the diagonal elements of a square matrix in linear algebra. It reflects the degree of overlap between the experimental state and the target state in Hilbert space. The density matrix representing the target quantum state. The density matrix representing the quantum states of a copy. The closer the value of is to 1, the higher the fidelity of the quantum state.
[0056] By performing the screening process, the fidelity of the measurement data obtained in step S33 can be ensured, thereby guaranteeing the fidelity of the final generated measurement protocol. Furthermore, the screening-obtained measurement set is a specific set of measurement data that satisfies the premise of quantum state sparsity, far less than the measurement data obtained by traditionally using all measurement bases, thus exponentially reducing the amount of measurement data.
[0057] In S314, in one example, the preset reconstruction algorithm includes, but is not limited to, at least one of the following: a classical reconstruction algorithm based on linear regression estimation, a reconstruction algorithm based on quantum parallelism for linear regression, a Bayesian inference algorithm, and a minimum variance estimation algorithm. The principles and processes by which these algorithms construct the quantum density of states matrix can be found in existing technologies.
[0058] Based on the measurement protocol generated in steps S311 to S314 above, this application obtains measurement data of multiple quantum state copies under the optimal measurement basis to reconstruct the quantum state density matrix. That is, the measurement is performed only under the optimal measurement basis, rather than reconstructing the quantum state density matrix based on measurement data under all measurement bases. Therefore, the amount of measurement data can be reduced exponentially, that is, the number of measurements can be further reduced. According to the well-known common knowledge in the art that the measurement accuracy of a quantum sensor is determined by the ratio of quantum noise to the number of measurements, this application can further help to exceed the standard quantum limit and ensure that the quantum sensor achieves high sensitivity.
[0059] This application embodiment also provides a storage medium storing a design program for a quantum sensor architecture. This design program is essentially a computer program, and when executed by a processor, it implements the steps of a quantum sensor architecture design method as in any example.
[0060] The storage medium includes, but is not limited to, any one of read-only memory (ROM), random access memory (RAM), magnetic disk, and optical disk.
[0061] Since the program stored in the storage medium can execute the steps in the design method of the quantum sensor architecture of any embodiment provided in this application, the beneficial effects that the design method of the quantum sensor architecture of any of the foregoing embodiments can achieve can be realized, as detailed in the foregoing embodiments, which will not be repeated here.
[0062] This application also provides a quantum sensor architecture design device or chip, including a memory and a processor. The memory stores a quantum sensor architecture design program, which, when executed by the processor, implements the steps of the quantum sensor architecture design method of any of the foregoing embodiments. Alternatively, the quantum sensor architecture design device or chip may be provided with a storage medium as shown in the above example, and the processor loads the storage medium to execute the steps of the quantum sensor architecture design method, thereby achieving the beneficial effects achievable by the quantum sensor architecture design method of the corresponding embodiment.
[0063] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the design device for a quantum sensor architecture provided in an embodiment of this application. Figure 5 As shown, the quantum sensor architecture design device 50, also known as design device 50, or simply device 50, includes: Receiver module 51 is used to receive target signal specifications and environmental noise information; Select module 52 is used to identify continuous symmetric groups based on the target signal specification and environmental noise information; The first design module 53 is used to design the quantum sensor configuration according to the continuous symmetry group; The second design module 54 is used to generate a measurement protocol that maintains symmetry protection based on the quantum sensor configuration, including: reconstructing the quantum state with a minimum number of times based on the quantum sensor configuration during operation of the quantum sensor; Output module 55 is used to output the quantum sensor architecture specification based on the measurement protocol.
[0064] It should be understood that the various modules of the device 50 described above can be represented as physical devices or virtual modules (i.e., modules in general) in a real-world scenario. A module can be implemented by a single physical device or by two or more physical devices working together. Similarly, the function performed by a module can be implemented by a single physical device or by two or more physical devices working together. Furthermore, the functions corresponding to each module can be implemented by the corresponding steps of the quantum sensor architecture design method of any of the foregoing embodiments.
[0065] The above are only some embodiments of this application and do not limit the patent scope of this application. For those skilled in the art, any equivalent structural transformations made using the content of this specification and drawings are similarly included within the patent protection scope of this application.
[0066] The use of step designations such as S1 and S2 in this document is intended to more clearly and concisely describe the corresponding content and does not constitute a substantial restriction on the order. In specific implementation, those skilled in the art may execute S2 first and then S1, etc., but these should all be within the protection scope of this application.
[0067] Although this document uses terms such as "first," "second," etc., to describe various types of information, this information should not be limited to these terms. These terms are only used to distinguish information of the same type from one another. Furthermore, the singular forms "a," "an," and "the" are intended to also include the plural forms. The terms "or" and "and / or" are interpreted as inclusive, or meaning either one or any combination thereof. Exceptions to this definition only arise when combinations of elements, functions, steps, or operations are inherently mutually exclusive in some way.
Claims
1. A design method for a quantum sensor architecture, characterized in that, include: Receive target signal specifications and environmental noise information; Based on the target signal specification and environmental noise information, a continuous symmetric group is identified. Design the quantum sensor configuration based on the aforementioned continuous symmetry group; Generate a symmetry-protected measurement protocol based on the quantum sensor configuration, including: reconstructing the quantum state with a minimum number of times based on the quantum sensor configuration during operation of the quantum sensor; The quantum sensor architecture specification is output based on the measurement protocol.
2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The design of the quantum sensor configuration based on the continuous symmetry group includes: Quantum state encoding located in a symmetry-protected subspace is synthesized through the continuous symmetry group; The control pulse sequence that maintains symmetry protection is achieved through the design of the continuous symmetry group; The measurement protocol, which is configured to maintain symmetry protection based on the quantum sensor, includes: Based on the control pulse sequence, the operation phase of the quantum sensor is executed in the order of continuous symmetry group analysis, execution of quantum state encoding, and dynamic decoupling.
3. The method according to claim 2, characterized in that, The continuous symmetry group is a special unitary group SU(n), and the synthesis of quantum state encoding located in a symmetry-protected subspace through the continuous symmetry group includes: Perform Lie group analysis on the quantum states of the quantum sensor; Based on the results of the Lie group analysis, a symmetry-protected decoherent free subspace is defined; Quantum states are encoded into the decoherent free subspace to achieve quantum state encoding.
4. The method according to claim 3, characterized in that, The methods for defining the decoherent free subspace include: The physical characteristics of the environmental noise are obtained by analyzing the environmental noise information. Based on the aforementioned physical characteristics, the noise generator and its constituent Lie algebra are obtained; The subspace that commutes with the noise generator is determined based on the Lie algebra to serve as a decoherent free subspace, in which the quantum states remain coherent under the influence of environmental noise.
5. The method according to claim 2, characterized in that, The continuous symmetry group is a special unitary group SU(n), and the control pulse sequence designed to maintain symmetry protection through the continuous symmetry group includes: The access operations to the quantum sensor are represented as unitary group elements of the unitary evolution matrix; The unitary evolution matrix is decomposed into a sequence of exponential operations of Lie algebras using a pre-defined decomposition technique. The shortest path of the exponential operation sequence of the Lie algebra is found by geometric method, and a symmetric control pulse sequence is formed according to the control parameters corresponding to the shortest path.
6. The method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that, The measurement protocol also includes: Multiple quantum state copies are obtained based on the target signal specification and environmental noise information; Select the optimal measurement basis; Acquire measurement data from multiple quantum state replicas under the optimal measurement basis to form a measurement set; The measurement protocol is generated based on the measurement set, including: selecting a preset reconstruction algorithm, and reconstructing the quantum state based on the measurement set and the preset reconstruction algorithm.
7. The method according to claim 6, characterized in that, The selection of the optimal measurement basis includes: The manifold representation of the plurality of quantum state copies is given as real parameters; Fisher information is calculated based on the real parameters; Multiple measurement bases are used as points on the Stiefel manifold; Riemann gradient ascent is performed on the Stiefel manifold to obtain the measurement basis when Fisher information is maximized, and this basis is used as the optimal measurement basis.
8. The method according to claim 6, characterized in that, The step of acquiring measurement data from multiple quantum state replicas under the optimal measurement basis to form a measurement set includes: Measurement data of multiple quantum state replicas under the optimal measurement basis are acquired, and measurement data corresponding to the quantum state density matrix that can achieve quantum state fidelity are selected to form a measurement set.
9. A design device for a quantum sensor architecture, characterized in that, It includes a processor and a memory, the memory storing a design program, which, when executed by the processor, implements the steps of the design method for the quantum sensor architecture as described in any one of claims 1 to 8.
10. A storage medium, characterized in that, The device contains a computer program that, when executed by a processor, implements the steps of the method as described in any one of claims 1 to 8.