A centrifugal adaptive slag discharge device for deep vertical shaft excavation

Abstract

This invention relates to the field of slag removal in vertical shaft construction, and discloses a centrifugal adaptive slag discharge device for deep vertical shaft excavation. A rotating shaft is rotatably mounted within the slag discharge channel, and an axially extending oil passage is provided inside. A drive mechanism is connected to the rotating shaft, and the load of the drive mechanism changes according to the state of stone accumulation in the slag discharge channel. At least three agitator blades are hinged to the rotating shaft, and an elastic reset member is provided between the agitator blades and the rotating shaft. The agitator blades remain in a retracted state when the rotating shaft rotates at low speed or stops, and unfold under centrifugal force when the rotating shaft rotates at high speed, overcoming the elastic reset member. Oil injection holes are provided on the agitator blades and communicate with the oil passage, used to throw out lubricating oil from the oil passage when the rotating shaft rotates at high speed. The beneficial effect of this invention is that, through the inherent coupling relationship between the load and rotation speed of the drive mechanism, fully automatic closed-loop control is achieved, reducing equipment production and operating costs.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of slag removal in vertical shaft construction, and specifically to a centrifugal adaptive slag discharge device for deep vertical shaft excavation. Background Technology

[0002] In water conservancy projects and mining construction, the construction of vertical and inclined shafts commonly employs a reverse shaft construction process, which involves first excavating a chute shaft and then enlarging it from top to bottom. During the enlargement process, the blasted rock debris must be chuted through the chute shaft to the lower horizontal tunnel for removal; the efficiency of debris removal directly affects the project progress and construction safety. However, due to factors such as varying sizes of blasted rock debris, complex geological conditions leading to localized deformation of the chute shaft, and factors like shaft deviation or rough inner walls, the chute shaft is prone to blockage, resulting in well-clogging accidents. Traditional well-clogging treatment methods are limited by the narrow underground space and harsh working environment, resulting in long treatment cycles, high safety risks, and unstable effectiveness.

[0003] Existing slag removal devices typically employ an active crusher to break up large pieces of rock debris, combined with a stirring mechanism for forced slag removal, and a lubrication system to reduce friction, to address clogging issues. However, these solutions generally rely on external power drives and sensor control systems, resulting in complex structures and high energy consumption. When the size and accumulation state of the rock debris change dynamically, manual intervention or complex control logic is required to adjust the equipment's operating parameters, making it difficult to achieve truly adaptive slag removal. Furthermore, the multi-component interconnected mechanical structure is prone to wear and failure in the high-pressure, high-friction downhole environment, leading to high maintenance costs and difficulty in guaranteeing long-term operational reliability. Therefore, how to achieve automatic sensing and dynamic response in the slag removal process without a complex control system has become a pressing technical challenge in the field of slag removal technology for vertical shaft construction. Summary of the Invention

[0004] To address the aforementioned technical issues, the aim is to provide a centrifugal adaptive slag discharge device for deep vertical shaft excavation. This device achieves fully automatic closed-loop control—from blockage detection to speed response, blade action, and lubrication activation—through the inherent coupling relationship between the load and rotation speed of the drive mechanism, thereby reducing equipment production and operating costs.

[0005] This invention is achieved through the following technical solution:

[0006] A centrifugal adaptive slag discharge device for deep vertical shaft excavation includes a rotating shaft, a drive mechanism, at least three agitator blades, and an oil injection hole. The rotating shaft is rotatably disposed within the slag discharge channel and has an axially extending oil passage inside. The drive mechanism is connected to the rotating shaft and drives its rotation. The load of the drive mechanism varies with the state of stone accumulation in the slag discharge channel. At least three agitator blades are hinged to the rotating shaft, and an elastic reset member is provided between the agitator blades and the rotating shaft. The agitator blades remain in a retracted state when the rotating shaft rotates at low speed or stops, and unfold under the action of centrifugal force when the rotating shaft rotates at high speed. The oil injection hole is disposed on the agitator blades and communicates with the oil passage, and is used to throw out the lubricating oil in the oil passage when the rotating shaft rotates at high speed.

[0007] The beneficial effects of this invention are that, by adopting a structure in which the agitator blades are hinged to the rotating shaft and equipped with an elastic reset element, and by providing oil injection holes on the agitator blades that communicate with the oil passages inside the rotating shaft, the slag discharge device can achieve adaptive control by utilizing the inherent physical characteristics of the drive mechanism load changing with the degree of stone accumulation: when stone accumulates or becomes blocked in the slag discharge channel, the load on the drive mechanism increases, causing its speed to automatically decrease or tend to stop; when the stone is cleared, the load decreases, and the speed automatically recovers. Based on this, by linking the retraction / expansion action of the agitator blades with the rotational speed, the blades retract at low speeds without interfering with slag discharge, and expand at high speeds for agitation and clearing. Simultaneously, the centrifugal force generated by the increased rotational speed automatically triggers oil injection lubrication. Thus, without relying on any sensors, controllers, or external oil pumps, and solely through the inherent coupling relationship between the drive mechanism load and rotational speed, a fully automatic closed-loop control system can be achieved, from blockage detection to speed response to blade action to lubrication initiation. This solves the problems of high energy consumption, poor reliability, and difficult maintenance caused by the reliance on complex control systems in existing technologies, reducing equipment and operating costs.

[0008] In some embodiments, the agitating blades are evenly distributed circumferentially on the rotating shaft and located in the middle of the slag discharge channel. Each agitating blade includes a hinge portion, which is spherical and rotatably connected to the side wall of the rotating shaft. By employing a structure where the agitating blades are evenly distributed circumferentially on the rotating shaft and located in the middle of the slag discharge channel, and the hinge portion is spherical, the blades form a symmetrical layout around the rotating shaft. This ensures uniform and thorough agitation of the stone slag within the slag discharge channel cross-section. Simultaneously, the spherical hinge portion allows for multi-directional free rotation under centrifugal force, preventing blade jamming due to stone slag compression. This ensures smooth and reliable blade retraction and deployment without the need for additional guiding mechanisms, further enhancing the stability of adaptive slag discharge.

[0009] In some embodiments, the outer edge of the agitator blade is inlaid with several crushing teeth, which are pyramidal in shape and made of hard alloy. This structure, with several pyramidal crushing teeth made of hard alloy inlaid on the outer edge of the agitator blade, allows for effective crushing of large stone fragments during the agitation process. The pyramidal tooth shape creates point stress concentration upon contact with the stone fragments, improving crushing efficiency. The hard alloy material ensures that the blades do not wear during long-term use under high pressure and high friction environments. Therefore, without adding any active crushing power source, the device's adaptability to large stone fragments is significantly improved, avoiding blockage accidents caused by large stone fragments getting stuck.

[0010] In some embodiments, a first compression spring is also included, one end of which is connected to the rotating shaft and the other end of which is connected to the connecting end of the agitator blade, so as to drive the agitator blade to return to its retracted position. Because of the structure of using a first compression spring as an elastic reset element, with one end connected to the hollow rotating shaft and the other end connected to the connecting end of the agitator blade, the blade can be reliably pulled back into a retracted state by the spring when the rotational speed decreases, avoiding interference with normal slag discharge in the non-working state. At the same time, the linear force characteristics of the spring and the centrifugal force form a precise force balance relationship, resulting in a deterministic correspondence between the blade's unfolding angle and the rotational speed, thereby achieving precise adaptive control of the rotational speed and blade opening without the need for any sensors or controllers.

[0011] In some embodiments, the injection hole extends from the hinge portion to the free end of the agitator blade and is arranged along the axial direction of the agitator blade. The agitator blade also has several injection branches communicating with the injection hole. The end of the injection branch away from the injection hole is inclined towards the free end of the agitator blade. The distribution density of the injection branches on the agitator blade increases along the blade length direction. The injection branch density at the free end is greater than the injection branch density at the root. When the agitator blade is closed, the injection hole is not connected to the oil passage. When the agitator blade is extended, the injection hole is connected to the oil passage. Because of the structure that uses an oil injection hole that runs from the spherical hinge to the free end of the blade, has inclined oil injection branches inside with increasing density along the blade length, and utilizes the spherical hinge structure to control the oil circuit on / off in the retracted / expanded state, the lubrication system and the blade movement form a perfect mechanical linkage: when the blade expands, the oil circuit is automatically connected, and the lubricating oil is distributed to each branch through the main hole. Because the branch density at the free end is greater and the centrifugal force is stronger, precise lubrication can be achieved in the area where the stone chips and the channel wall are most intensely rubbed; when the blade retracts, the oil circuit is automatically cut off to avoid wasting lubricating oil at low speeds. Thus, without adding any solenoid valves or control logic, adaptive lubrication functions such as on-demand lubrication, precise lubrication, and automatic start and stop are achieved.

[0012] In some embodiments, the drive mechanism includes a drive motor, an output shaft, a drive gear, and a driven gear. The drive motor is mounted on the top of the slag discharge channel, the output shaft is connected to the drive gear, and the driven gear is coaxially mounted on the rotating shaft and meshes with the drive gear. Because the drive motor is mounted on the top of the slag discharge channel and driven by the meshing of the drive gear and the driven gear on the rotating shaft, the power source is located outside the channel. This avoids the risk of damage caused by direct contact between the drive gear and the driven gear and the slag, and prevents the drive gear and driven gear from affecting the smooth flow of the slag discharge channel.

[0013] In some embodiments, the two ends of the rotating shaft are supported within the slag discharge channel by bearings. A mounting bracket is installed at the top of the slag discharge channel, and a support frame is installed at the bottom of the inner wall of the channel. Bearings that mate with the shaft's axle holes are installed on both the support frame and the mounting bracket. Because of the structure of the hollow rotating shaft supported by bearings at both ends, and the mounting bracket and support frame respectively installed at the top and bottom of the slag discharge channel, a stable two-end support system is formed within the channel. This ensures that the rotating shaft maintains good coaxiality and rotational stability even under long-term rotation and heavy load impacts, preventing blade jamming or seal failure due to shaft wobble.

[0014] In some embodiments, the device further includes several pendulum crushing devices evenly distributed on the sidewalls of the slag discharge channel. Each pendulum crushing device includes a pendulum and a mounting plate. The mounting plate is fixed to the inner wall of the upper part of the slag discharge channel. The pendulum is hinged to the mounting plate by a torsion spring, so that the pendulum swings and crushes the slag when impacted by it. Due to the structure of several pendulum crushing devices evenly distributed on the sidewalls of the slag discharge channel, consisting of a pendulum, mounting plate, and torsion spring, when large pieces of slag impact the pendulum during their fall, the pendulum can overcome the torsion spring force and swing, applying an impact crushing force to the slag. The torsion spring then causes the pendulum to automatically reset after impact, preparing for the next crushing. This achieves passive crushing of large pieces of slag without consuming any external power, forming a dual guarantee of active agitation and passive crushing with the centrifugal stirring blades in the middle, significantly improving the device's well-clogging handling capacity.

[0015] In some embodiments, the system further includes several elastic scrapers installed on the lower inner wall of the slag discharge channel. Each elastic scraper includes a scraper body and a second compression spring. The scraper body is inclined, with its free end extending into the slag discharge channel. The second compression spring keeps the scraper body in elastic contact. Because of the structure of several elastic scrapers consisting of a scraper body and a second compression spring installed on the lower inner wall of the slag discharge channel, with the scraper body inclined and its free end extending into the channel, the stone debris is repeatedly disturbed by the scrapers as it passes through the lower area, preventing secondary accumulation due to gravity compaction. Simultaneously, the elastic scrapers can compress and retract when encountering large pieces of stone debris, automatically resetting after passing. This ensures both the disturbance effect and prevents jamming, thus forming an adaptive disturbance barrier at the end of the slag discharge channel, ensuring that the stone debris can be smoothly discharged from the channel.

[0016] In some embodiments, a camera is also included, which is installed on the upper part of the inner wall of the slag discharge channel. Both the camera and the drive motor are electrically connected to the control terminal. By adopting the structure of installing a camera on the upper part of the inner wall of the slag discharge channel and electrically connecting both the camera and the drive motor to the control terminal, ground operators can observe the slag discharge status and stone accumulation in the channel in real time. Simultaneously, they can remotely judge the operating conditions through operating parameters such as motor current, and perform manual intervention or parameter adjustments when necessary. This adds an extra layer of manual monitoring and emergency handling while ensuring the fully automatic operation of the core adaptive mechanism, thereby improving the safety and controllability of the entire system.

[0017] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following advantages and beneficial effects:

[0018] 1. By linking the retraction / expansion of the stirring blades with the rotation speed, the blades retract at low speeds without interfering with slag discharge, and expand at high speeds to stir and clear blockages. At the same time, the centrifugal force generated by the increased rotation speed automatically triggers oil injection lubrication. Thus, without relying on any sensors, controllers, or external oil pumps, the fully automatic closed-loop control of blockage detection → rotation speed response → blade movement → lubrication initiation can be achieved solely through the inherent coupling relationship between the load and rotation speed of the drive mechanism. This solves the problems of high energy consumption, poor reliability, and difficult maintenance caused by the reliance on complex control systems in existing technologies.

[0019] 2. A structure is adopted in which several elastic scrapers consisting of scraper bodies and second compression springs are installed on the inner wall of the lower part of the slag discharge channel, and the scraper bodies are inclined with their free ends extending into the channel. This allows the stone chips to be repeatedly disturbed by the scrapers when passing through the lower area, avoiding secondary accumulation caused by gravity compaction. At the same time, the elastic scrapers can be compressed and retracted when encountering large pieces of stone chips, and automatically reset after passing through. This ensures both the disturbance effect and avoids jamming, thus forming an adaptive disturbance barrier at the end of the slag discharge channel, ensuring that the stone chips can be smoothly discharged from the channel.

[0020] 3. Due to the structure of several pendulum crushing devices composed of pendulums, mounting plates and torsion springs evenly distributed on the side wall of the slag discharge channel, when large pieces of stone impact the pendulums during the fall, the pendulums can overcome the torsion spring force to swing and apply impact crushing force to the stone. The torsion springs cause the pendulums to automatically reset after impact and prepare for the next crushing. Thus, passive crushing of large pieces of stone is achieved without consuming any external power. Together with the centrifugal stirring blades in the middle, it forms a dual guarantee of active stirring and passive crushing, which significantly improves the device's ability to handle well blockage. Attached Figure Description

[0021] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the exemplary embodiments of the present invention, the accompanying drawings used in the embodiments will be briefly described below. It should be understood that the following drawings only show some embodiments of the present invention and should not be considered as a limitation of the scope. For those skilled in the art, other related drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort. In the drawings:

[0022] Figure 1 This is a structural diagram of the present invention;

[0023] Figure 2 This is a structural diagram of the present invention;

[0024] Figure 3 This is a diagram showing the state of the stirring blades when they retract in this invention.

[0025] Figure 4 This is a diagram showing the state of the stirring blades when they are deployed in this invention.

[0026] Figure 5 This is a cross-sectional view of the agitator blade in this invention.

[0027] The attached diagram shows the markings and corresponding component names:

[0028] Rotating shaft 10, oil passage 11, stirring blade 12, oil injection hole 121, oil injection branch 1211, first compression spring 122, crushing tooth 123, hinge part 124, drive motor 20, output shaft 21, drive gear 22, driven gear 23, mounting bracket 30, support frame 31, bearing 32, elastic scraper 33, second compression spring 34, pendulum 40, mounting plate 41, torsion spring 42, camera 43. Detailed Implementation

[0029] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the present invention clearer, the present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the embodiments and accompanying drawings. The illustrative embodiments and descriptions of the present invention are only used to explain the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention.

[0030] Throughout this specification, references to "an embodiment," "an example," or "an example" mean that a particular feature, structure, or characteristic described in connection with that embodiment or example is included in at least one embodiment of the invention. Therefore, the phrases "an embodiment," "an example," "an example," or "an example" appearing in various places throughout the specification do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, specific features, structures, or characteristics can be combined in one or more embodiments or examples in any suitable combination and / or sub-combination. Moreover, those skilled in the art will understand that the illustrations provided herein are for illustrative purposes and are not necessarily drawn to scale. The term "and / or" as used herein includes any and all combinations of one or more of the associated listed items.

[0031] In the description of this invention, the terms "front", "rear", "left", "right", "up", "down", "vertical", "horizontal", "high", "low", "inner", and "outer" indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. They are only for the convenience of describing this invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limiting the scope of protection of this invention.

[0032] The terms "first," "second," etc., used in this invention are merely for clarity of description and are not intended to limit any order or emphasize importance. Furthermore, the term "connection" as used herein, unless otherwise specified, can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection via other components.

[0033] Example

[0034] like Figures 1-5 As shown in the figure, this embodiment discloses a centrifugal adaptive slag discharge device for deep vertical shaft excavation, including a rotating shaft 10, a drive mechanism, at least three agitator blades 12, and an oil injection hole 121. The rotating shaft 10 is rotatably disposed in the slag discharge channel, and has an axially extending oil passage 11 inside. The drive mechanism is connected to the rotating shaft 10 and is used to drive its rotation. The load of the drive mechanism changes with the state of stone slag accumulation in the slag discharge channel. At least three agitator blades 12 are hinged to the rotating shaft 10. An elastic reset member is provided between the agitator blades 12 and the rotating shaft 10. The agitator blades 12 remain in a retracted state when the rotating shaft 10 rotates at low speed or stops, and unfold under the action of centrifugal force when the rotating shaft 10 rotates at high speed. The oil injection hole 121 is disposed on the agitator blades 12 and communicates with the oil passage 11, and is used to throw out the lubricating oil in the oil passage 11 when the rotating shaft 10 rotates at high speed.

[0035] See Figures 1-5The agitating blades 12 are evenly distributed circumferentially on the rotating shaft 10 and located in the middle of the slag discharge channel. Each agitating blade 12 includes a hinge portion 124, which is spherical and rotatably connected to the side wall of the rotating shaft 10. By employing a structure where the agitating blades 12 are evenly distributed circumferentially on the rotating shaft 10 and located in the middle of the slag discharge channel, and the hinge portion 124 is spherical, the blades form a symmetrical layout around the rotating shaft 10. This ensures uniform and thorough agitation of the stone slag within the slag discharge channel cross-section. Simultaneously, the spherical hinge portion 124 allows for multi-directional free rotation under centrifugal force, preventing blade jamming due to stone slag compression. This ensures smooth and reliable blade retraction and deployment without the need for additional guiding mechanisms, further enhancing the stability of adaptive slag discharge.

[0036] See Figures 1-5 The outer edge of the agitator blade 12 is inlaid with several crushing teeth 123, which are pyramidal in shape and made of hard alloy. Due to this structure, the agitator blade 12 can effectively crush large pieces of stone during its agitation process. The pyramidal shape of the teeth creates point-like stress concentration upon contact with the stone, improving crushing efficiency. The hard alloy material ensures that the blade will not wear down during long-term use under high pressure and high friction. Therefore, without adding any active crushing power source, the device's adaptability to large pieces of stone is significantly improved, avoiding blockage accidents caused by large pieces of stone getting stuck.

[0037] See Figures 1-5 It also includes a first compression spring 122, one end of which is connected to the rotating shaft 10, and the other end is connected to the connecting end of the stirring blade 12, so as to drive the stirring blade 12 to return to the retracting direction. Because of the structure of setting the first compression spring 122 as an elastic reset element, with one end connected to the hollow rotating shaft 10 and the other end connected to the connecting end of the stirring blade, the blade can be reliably pulled back into the retracted state by the spring when the rotational speed decreases, avoiding interference with normal slag discharge in the non-working state. At the same time, the linear force characteristics of the spring and the centrifugal force form a precise force balance relationship, so that the blade unfolding angle and the rotational speed form a deterministic correspondence, thereby achieving precise adaptive control of rotational speed and blade opening without the need for any sensors or controllers.

[0038] Specifically, it also includes the oil supply system for continuously supplying oil to the oil passage 11, comprising an external oil supply tank, a rotary joint, pipelines, and a check valve. The rotary joint is installed at the upper end of the hollow shaft 10, with its input end connected to the oil supply tank via a pipeline, and its output end connected to the oil passage 11 inside the shaft 10. A check valve is provided on the pipeline to prevent backflow of lubricating oil. A level gauge or float switch can be installed in the oil supply tank to monitor the oil level.

[0039] See Figures 1-5 The injection hole 121 extends from the hinge portion 124 to the free end of the agitator blade 12 and is arranged along the axial direction of the agitator blade 12. The agitator blade 12 also has several injection branches 1211 communicating with the injection hole 121. The end of the injection branch 1211 away from the injection hole 121 is inclined toward the free end of the agitator blade 12. The distribution density of the injection branches 1211 on the agitator blade 12 increases along the blade length direction. The density of the injection branches 1211 at the free end is greater than that at the root. When the agitator blade 12 is closed, the injection hole 121 is not connected to the oil passage 11. When the agitator blade 12 is extended, the injection hole 121 is connected to the oil passage 11. Because of the structure that employs an oil injection hole 121 extending from the spherical hinge 124 to the free end of the blade, an inclined oil injection branch 1211 with increasing density along the blade length, and a ball-hinged structure to control the oil circuit on / off in the retracted / expanded state, the lubrication system and blade movement form a perfect mechanical linkage: when the blade expands, the oil circuit is automatically connected, and the lubricating oil is distributed to each branch through the main hole. Due to the higher density and stronger centrifugal force of the free end branch, precise lubrication can be achieved in the area where the stone chips and channel walls rub against each other most intensely; when the blade retracts, the oil circuit is automatically cut off to avoid wasting lubricating oil at low speeds. Thus, without adding any solenoid valves or control logic, an adaptive lubrication function of on-demand lubrication, precise lubrication, and automatic start / stop is achieved.

[0040] See Figures 1-2 The driving mechanism includes a drive motor 20, an output shaft 21, a drive gear 22, and a driven gear 23. The drive motor 20 is mounted on the top of the slag discharge channel. The output shaft 21 is connected to the drive gear 22. The driven gear 23 is coaxially mounted on the rotating shaft 10 and meshes with the drive gear 22. By adopting a structure where the drive motor 20 is mounted on the top of the slag discharge channel and the drive gear 22 meshes with the driven gear 23 on the rotating shaft 10, the power source is located outside the channel. This avoids the risk of damage caused by direct contact between the drive gear 22 and the driven gear 23 and the slag, and also prevents the drive gear 22 and the driven gear 23 from affecting the smooth flow of the slag discharge channel.

[0041] Specifically, both the drive gear 22 and the driven gear 23 are housed in a sealed gearbox filled with grease to prevent stone dust from entering the meshing area and to improve the transmission life.

[0042] See Figures 1-2The two ends of the rotating shaft 10 are supported in the slag discharge channel by bearings 32. A mounting bracket 30 is installed at the top of the slag discharge channel, and a support frame 31 is installed at the bottom of the inner wall of the slag discharge channel. Both the support frame 31 and the mounting bracket 30 are equipped with bearings 32 that mate with the shaft holes of the rotating shaft 10. Because the hollow rotating shaft 10 is supported at both ends by bearings 32, and mounting brackets 30 and support frames 31 are respectively installed at the top and bottom of the slag discharge channel, the rotating shaft 10 forms a stable two-end support system within the channel. This ensures good coaxiality and rotational stability even under long-term rotation and heavy load impacts, preventing blade jamming or seal failure caused by shaft 10 sway.

[0043] See Figures 1-2 The system also includes several pendulum hammer 40 crushing devices evenly distributed on the sidewalls of the slag discharge channel. Each pendulum hammer 40 crushing device comprises a pendulum hammer 40 and a mounting plate 41. The mounting plate 41 is fixed to the inner wall of the upper part of the slag discharge channel. The pendulum hammer 40 is hinged to the mounting plate 41 by a torsion spring 42, so that the pendulum hammer 40 swings and crushes the slag when impacted by the slag. Due to the structure of several pendulum hammer 40 crushing devices evenly distributed on the sidewalls of the slag discharge channel, consisting of a pendulum hammer 40, a mounting plate 41, and a torsion spring 42, when large pieces of slag impact the pendulum hammer 40 during its fall, the pendulum hammer 40 can overcome the force of the torsion spring 42 and swing to apply an impact crushing force to the slag. The torsion spring 42 causes the pendulum hammer 40 to automatically reset after the impact, preparing for the next crushing. Thus, passive crushing of large pieces of slag is achieved without consuming any external power. This, together with the centrifugal stirring blades 12 in the middle, forms a dual guarantee of active stirring and passive crushing, significantly improving the well blockage treatment capacity of the device. To further control the return speed and avoid ineffective air strikes, a damping washer is provided between the torsion spring 42 and the pendulum 40.

[0044] See Figures 1-2 It also includes several elastic scrapers 33, which are installed on the lower inner wall of the slag discharge channel. Each elastic scraper 33 includes a scraper body and a second compression spring 34. The scraper body is inclined, with its free end extending into the slag discharge channel. The second compression spring 34 is used to keep the scraper body in elastic contact. Because of the structure of several elastic scrapers 33, each consisting of a scraper body and a second compression spring 34, installed on the lower inner wall of the slag discharge channel, with the scraper body inclined and its free end extending into the channel, the stone chips are repeatedly disturbed by the scrapers when passing through the lower area, avoiding secondary accumulation caused by gravity compaction. Simultaneously, the elastic scrapers 33 can compress and retract when encountering large pieces of stone chips, automatically resetting after passing. This ensures both the disturbance effect and avoids jamming, thus forming an adaptive disturbance barrier at the end of the slag discharge channel, ensuring that the stone chips can be smoothly discharged from the channel.

[0045] Specifically, the scraper body may be provided with wear indicator marks, and the connection with the second compression spring 34 is detachable, which facilitates on-site maintenance and replacement.

[0046] See Figures 1-2 The system also includes a camera 43, which is installed on the upper part of the inner wall of the slag discharge channel. Both the camera 43 and the drive motor 20 are electrically connected to the control terminal. A compressed air nozzle can be installed next to the camera 43 for periodically purging the lens. By adopting the structure of installing the camera 43 on the upper part of the inner wall of the slag discharge channel and electrically connecting both the camera 43 and the drive motor 20 to the control terminal, ground operators can observe the slag discharge status and stone accumulation in the channel in real time. Simultaneously, they can remotely judge the operating conditions through operating parameters such as motor current, and make manual intervention or parameter adjustments when necessary. This adds an extra layer of manual monitoring and emergency handling protection while ensuring the fully automatic operation of the core adaptive mechanism, thereby improving the safety and controllability of the entire system.

[0047] In actual operation, under normal slag discharge conditions, the drive motor 20 operates at low speed, and the agitator blades 12 remain in a retracted state under the action of the first compression spring 122. The oil injection hole 121 is disengaged from the oil passage 11, and the slag falls naturally by gravity. When slag accumulates or becomes blocked in the slag discharge channel, the load resistance torque of the shaft 10 increases. Utilizing the inherent soft characteristics of the drive motor 20 (preferably an asynchronous motor), the speed automatically decreases when the load increases, realizing the physical perception of the blockage. At this time, the operator observes the accumulation through the camera 43, or the control terminal detects an increase in current, and the operator actively increases the motor speed (or the control terminal automatically increases the speed through a preset threshold). When the shaft 10 reaches the set high speed, the centrifugal force on the agitator blades 12 overcomes the restoring force of the first compression spring 122 and automatically unfolds. The hard alloy crushing teeth 123 on the outer edge of the blades crush the accumulated slag. The slag is agitated and crushed. Simultaneously, as the blades unfold, the spherical hinge 124 rotates, aligning the inlet of the oil injection hole 121 with the outlet of the oil passage 11. Under the action of centrifugal force, the lubricating oil is automatically sprayed onto the inner wall of the slag discharge channel through the oil injection branch 1211 with increasing distribution density to achieve precise lubrication. During the falling process, large pieces of stone and slag are passively crushed by impacting the pendulum 40. When passing through the lower part, they are repeatedly disturbed by the elastic scraper 33 to prevent secondary accumulation. After the blockage is cleared, the load decreases, causing the speed to automatically increase. The operator can manually adjust it back to a low speed (or the control terminal can automatically restore the speed to the set value). The blades automatically retract under the action of spring force, the oil injection automatically stops, and the device returns to the normal slag discharge state. The entire process does not require any sensors or complex control systems. It can achieve fully automatic adaptive slag discharge by relying only on the inherent characteristics of the motor and mechanical centrifugal force, which includes blockage detection, blade unfolding, oil injection lubrication, and clearing and resetting.

[0048] The specific embodiments described above further illustrate the purpose, technical solution, and beneficial effects of the present invention. It should be understood that the above description is only a specific embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the scope of protection of the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A centrifugal adaptive slag discharge device for deep vertical shaft excavation, characterized in that, include: The rotating shaft (10) is rotatably installed in the slag discharge channel, and has an oil passage (11) extending axially inside. A drive mechanism is connected to the rotating shaft (10) and is used to drive it to rotate. The load of the drive mechanism changes with the state of stone slag accumulation in the slag discharge channel. At least three stirring blades (12) are hinged to the rotating shaft (10). An elastic reset member is provided between the stirring blades (12) and the rotating shaft (10). The stirring blades (12) remain in a retracted state when the rotating shaft (10) rotates at low speed or stops, and unfold under the action of centrifugal force when the rotating shaft (10) rotates at high speed. An oil injection hole (121) is provided on the stirring blade (12) and communicates with the oil passage (11) to throw out the lubricating oil in the oil passage (11) when the rotating shaft (10) rotates at high speed.

2. The centrifugal adaptive slag discharge device for deep vertical shaft excavation according to claim 1, characterized in that, The stirring blades (12) are evenly distributed circumferentially on the rotating shaft (10) and located in the middle of the slag discharge channel. The stirring blades (12) include a hinge (124), which is spherical and rotatably connected to the side wall of the rotating shaft (10).

3. The centrifugal adaptive slag discharge device for deep vertical shaft excavation according to claim 1, characterized in that, The outer edge of the agitator blade (12) is inlaid with several breaking teeth (123), which are pyramidal in shape and made of hard alloy.

4. The centrifugal adaptive slag discharge device for deep vertical shaft excavation according to claim 1, characterized in that, It also includes a first compression spring (122), one end of which is connected to the rotating shaft (10) and the other end is connected to the connecting end of the stirring blade (12) to drive the stirring blade (12) to return to the retracting direction.

5. The centrifugal adaptive slag discharge device for deep vertical shaft excavation according to claim 2, characterized in that, The oil injection hole (121) extends from the hinge (124) to the free end of the stirring blade (12) and is arranged along the axial direction of the stirring blade (12). The stirring blade (12) is also provided with several oil injection branches (1211) that communicate with the oil injection hole (121). The end of the oil injection branch (1211) away from the oil injection hole (121) is inclined toward the free end of the stirring blade (12). The distribution density of the oil injection branch (1211) on the stirring blade (12) increases along the blade length direction. The density of the oil injection branch at the free end is greater than that at the root. When the stirring blade (12) is closed, the oil injection hole (121) is not connected to the oil passage (11). When the stirring blade (12) is unfolded, the oil injection hole (121) is connected to the oil passage (11).

6. The centrifugal adaptive slag discharge device for deep vertical shaft excavation according to claim 1, characterized in that, The drive mechanism includes a drive motor (20), an output shaft (21), a drive gear (22), and a driven gear (23). The drive motor (20) is installed on the top of the slag discharge channel. The output shaft (21) is connected to the drive gear (22). The driven gear (23) is coaxially installed on the rotating shaft (10) and meshes with the drive gear (22).

7. The centrifugal adaptive slag discharge device for deep vertical shaft excavation according to claim 1, characterized in that, The two ends of the rotating shaft (10) are supported in the slag discharge channel by bearings (32). The top of the slag discharge channel is equipped with an installation bracket (30), and the bottom of the inner wall of the slag discharge channel is equipped with a support frame (31). Both the support frame (31) and the installation bracket (30) are equipped with bearings (32) that cooperate with the shaft hole of the rotating shaft (10).

8. The centrifugal adaptive slag discharge device for deep vertical shaft excavation according to claim 1, characterized in that, It also includes several pendulum crushing devices evenly distributed on the side wall of the slag discharge channel. The pendulum crushing device includes a pendulum (40) and a mounting plate (41). The mounting plate (41) is fixed to the inner wall of the upper part of the slag discharge channel. The pendulum (40) is hinged to the mounting plate (41) by a torsion spring (42) so that the pendulum (40) swings and crushes the stone when it is impacted by the stone.

9. The centrifugal adaptive slag discharge device for deep vertical shaft excavation according to claim 1, characterized in that, It also includes several elastic scrapers (33), which are installed on the lower inner wall of the slag discharge channel. Each elastic scraper (33) includes a scraper body and a second compression spring (34). The scraper body is inclined and its free end extends into the slag discharge channel. The second compression spring (34) is used to keep the scraper body in elastic contact.

10. The centrifugal adaptive slag discharge device for deep vertical shaft excavation according to claim 6, characterized in that, It also includes a camera (43), which is installed on the upper part of the inner wall of the slag discharge channel. Both the camera (43) and the drive motor (20) are electrically connected to the control terminal.

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