Method and system for high-low temperature box and charge-discharge machine joint debugging for energy storage cell capacity test

Abstract

This invention discloses a method and system for coordinating a high-low temperature chamber and a charge / discharge machine for energy storage cell capacity testing, belonging to the field of battery testing technology. This method solves the problems of inaccurate data caused by starting testing before the ambient temperature has truly stabilized, and the risks arising from the lack of safety interlocks between the charge / discharge equipment and the temperature chamber in existing tests. Key technical points include: before testing, the charge / discharge cabinet performs a self-check on the temperature chamber and forwards the target temperature; after the temperature chamber reaches the target temperature, it is maintained at a constant temperature, and the charge / discharge cabinet continuously monitors the cell surface temperature until it stabilizes within the allowable error range before sending a ready signal; after the test starts, the charge / discharge cabinet performs linked safety monitoring, controlling the suspension or stop of the test in case of abnormal situations such as communication interruption, cell electrical parameter exceeding limits, and temperature chamber malfunction. This method is mainly used to improve the accuracy of capacity testing of energy storage cells in variable temperature environments and the safety of system operation.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of battery testing technology. More specifically, this invention relates to a method and system for coordinating a high and low temperature chamber and a charge / discharge machine for testing the capacity of energy storage cells. Background Technology

[0002] In the research and development and quality verification of energy storage cells, capacity testing under different temperature environments is a critical and routine inspection item. This test typically requires the use of high and low temperature chambers (temperature chambers) to provide a stable testing environment, and a charge / discharge machine (charge / discharge cabinet) to apply a specific charge and discharge program to the cell to measure its capacity. However, in the practice of coordinating the temperature chamber and the charge / discharge machine to build an automated testing system, there are a series of technical problems that urgently need to be solved.

[0003] First, ensuring the battery cell starts testing at a stable and accurate target temperature during the test initiation phase is a prerequisite for data validity. In existing technologies, temperature regulation of the chamber and the initiation of charge / discharge testing are often two independent or simply sequential steps. A common practice is for the operator to set the target temperature of the chamber and start it, then manually or with a delay start the charge / discharge test once the internal air temperature displayed by the chamber reaches the set value. This approach has significant drawbacks: because the battery cell itself has a large heat capacity, its surface and core temperatures require a considerable amount of time to reach equilibrium with the ambient temperature. Starting the test solely based on the chamber's ambient temperature reaching the set value may result in the actual cell temperature not yet stabilizing, introducing significant test errors. While this can be addressed by extending the constant temperature waiting time, a reasonable waiting time lacks a clear, definite basis for judging the actual state of the battery cell. Excessive waiting reduces test efficiency, while insufficient waiting affects data accuracy. Achieving automated test readiness judgment based on the stable temperature state of the battery cell itself is a practical challenge.

[0004] Secondly, the safety and reliability of the system face challenges during the test execution phase. The temperature chamber and charge / discharge machine are typically from different manufacturers and have independent control systems. When operating in tandem, the status awareness and safety interlocking mechanisms between the two are weak or absent. For example, when the temperature chamber malfunctions during testing (such as compressor overheating or refrigerant leakage), it will alarm or shut down, but this information may not be transmitted to the charge / discharge machine in real time and reliably. The charge / discharge machine continues to test the cells in unexpected environments, which may not only yield invalid data but also exacerbate the risks of cell testing due to sudden environmental changes (such as a sharp rise in temperature), potentially leading to thermal runaway. Conversely, if the cells exhibit voltage, current, or temperature abnormalities during charging and discharging, the temperature chamber cannot detect this and take corresponding measures (such as initiating emergency cooling). This "information silo" phenomenon results in insufficient safety redundancy in the entire testing system, relying mainly on manual inspection to detect anomalies, leading to delayed responses. Establishing an efficient and reliable two-way safety monitoring and emergency intervention mechanism is a key requirement for improving the robustness of the testing system.

[0005] Furthermore, the management and analysis of test data suffers from inefficiency and poor correlation. After testing, operators need to export the cell voltage and current timing data from the charge / discharge machine software, and the ambient temperature timing data from the temperature chamber's recorder or software. Then, they must manually align, organize, and analyze this data using third-party tools to calculate capacity and generate reports. This process is cumbersome, error-prone, and when anomalies occur during testing, the cell electrical parameters at the time of the fault are difficult to accurately correlate with the temperature chamber status parameters, making root cause analysis challenging. Achieving automatic synchronous acquisition, packaging, correlation, and one-click report generation of test data is a crucial step in improving the automation level of the testing process.

[0006] With the increasing demand for testing, charge / discharge cabinets and multi-temperature chambers supporting multi-channel parallel testing are being used, which raises more complex challenges in resource scheduling and efficiency optimization. When multiple test tasks need to queue for limited temperature zone resources, a simple first-come, first-served strategy may be inefficient. In particular, switching between different temperature setpoints in a chamber consumes considerable waiting time (from high to low temperature or vice versa), during which the relevant temperature zone is idle. Existing scheduling methods typically only focus on whether a temperature zone is occupied, ignoring the specific time cost required to switch from the end temperature of one task to the start temperature of the next. For example, if a task ends at -20°C, the next task needs to be performed at +60°C; the heating waiting time is much longer than the time required to switch from +25°C to +60°C. The lack of a scheduling strategy to predict and optimize this switching time leads to excessively long idle times in temperature zones and low overall equipment efficiency (OEE). Meanwhile, scheduling also requires comprehensive consideration of multiple factors, including task priority, load balancing across temperature zones, and whether the cell's state during the waiting process (such as voltage drop due to self-discharge) still meets the process requirements for subsequent testing. Designing an intelligent method capable of quantifying these multi-dimensional factors and making efficient scheduling decisions is a current technical bottleneck in large-scale cell testing.

[0007] Furthermore, monitoring of temperature chamber performance often focuses on whether it can ultimately reach and maintain the set temperature, while lacking effective monitoring of the dynamic process of temperature regulation. In actual operation, the performance of components such as the compressor, heater, and fan of the temperature chamber may slowly degrade, causing its heating or cooling rate to deviate from the design curve. This decline in process capability may not yet be apparent in the final temperature stability, but it has already affected the rigor of the test conditions or foreshadowed potential equipment failure. Currently, there is a lack of effective means to compare and provide early warning of anomalies in the temperature change process curve of the temperature chamber in real time within the integrated commissioning system.

[0008] In summary, existing high and low temperature capacity testing systems for energy storage cells have shortcomings in areas such as coordination of environmental preparation and test initiation, cross-device safety interlocking, data correlation processing, intelligent scheduling of multi-task resources, and process monitoring. These issues affect the accuracy of test data, system security, and overall testing efficiency. Solving these problems requires overcoming a series of technical difficulties, including heterogeneous device communication, real-time status interlocking, and multi-objective optimization decision-making. Summary of the Invention

[0009] This invention provides a method for coordinating a high and low temperature chamber and a charge / discharge machine for testing the capacity of energy storage cells. The method is applied to a system including a charge / discharge cabinet, a temperature chamber, a host computer, and the cell under test. The positive and negative terminals of the cell under test are connected to the power circuit of the charge / discharge cabinet, and its surface is equipped with a temperature sensor connected to the temperature acquisition port of the charge / discharge cabinet. The entire cell under test is placed inside the temperature chamber. The method includes the following steps: S1. Send a self-test command to the temperature chamber through the charging and discharging cabinet, and receive the operating status data fed back by the temperature chamber through the charging and discharging cabinet; the self-test command is used to trigger the temperature chamber to perform diagnosis on its key functional components, and the operating status data includes at least one of the following: compressor operating status, heater operating status, refrigerant pressure status, temperature sensor reading inside the chamber, and fan operating status. The charging and discharging cabinet determines whether the temperature chamber is normal based on the operating status data; if it is determined to be abnormal, the charging and discharging cabinet prohibits the activation of its own testing function; if it is determined to be normal, the charging and discharging cabinet forwards the target temperature from the host computer to the temperature chamber. S2. The temperature chamber adjusts its internal ambient temperature to the target temperature according to the target temperature, and maintains the temperature at a constant temperature for a first preset time after reaching the target temperature. During the constant temperature maintenance period, the charging and discharging cabinet continuously acquires the surface temperature of the tested battery cell. When the difference between the surface temperature and the target temperature is within a preset temperature error range for a continuous second preset time, the charging and discharging cabinet sends a test ready signal to the host computer, and the host computer sends a start command to the charging and discharging cabinet. S3. After receiving the start command from the host computer, the charging and discharging cabinet performs a charging and discharging test according to a preset program. During the test, a linked safety monitoring is implemented: if the charging and discharging cabinet detects that the communication interruption between itself and the temperature chamber lasts for a third preset duration, it controls to suspend the charging and discharging test; if the charging and discharging cabinet detects that the cell voltage exceeds a preset voltage threshold, the cell current exceeds a preset current threshold, or the cell surface temperature exceeds a preset temperature threshold, it controls to disconnect the test circuit; if the charging and discharging cabinet receives a device fault code from the temperature chamber, it controls to stop the test and records the code.

[0010] The "key functional components" of the temperature chamber refer to the core components that directly affect the accuracy, stability, and operational safety of temperature control. Specifically, these include, but are not limited to: Compressor: The core component used in the refrigeration cycle, its operating status (such as start / stop status, operating current, and discharge temperature) directly affects the cooling capacity; Heater: A component used for temperature control; its on / off status, heating power, and over-temperature protection function need to be diagnosed. Refrigerant pressure monitoring device: used to monitor the high and low pressure sides of the refrigeration system to determine whether there is a risk of leakage or blockage; Internal temperature sensor: Used to provide real-time feedback of ambient temperature. Self-testing is required to check whether the reading is within a reasonable range and whether there is a broken wire or short circuit fault. Circulating fan: Used to ensure temperature uniformity inside the chamber, its operating status (such as speed, start and stop) needs to be included in the diagnostic scope; Door lock and safety switch: Used to ensure that the chamber door is tightly closed during testing to prevent temperature leakage or accidental activation by operators; Controller communication module: used for data interaction with the charging and discharging cabinet and the host computer. Its communication status, response time, etc. are also key function diagnostic contents.

[0011] After the self-test command is triggered, the temperature chamber controller will collect the status signals of the above components one by one or in parallel, and package the results back to the charging and discharging cabinet as the basis for judging whether the temperature chamber has started the test normally.

[0012] The charging and discharging cabinet determines whether the temperature chamber is normal based on the received operating status data. The determination logic is as follows: The charging and discharging cabinet has a built-in rule base for determining the normal operation status of the temperature chamber. This rule base includes at least the following judgment dimensions: Status flag determination: For components with clear start and stop states, such as compressors, heaters, and fans, determine whether the feedback status value is the preset normal operating state (for example, the compressor's "run / stop" flag is "running" and there is no fault code output). Key parameter threshold judgment: For components with continuous measurement values, compare their real-time feedback data with a preset normal range. For example: The temperature sensor reading inside the chamber should be within its effective range (e.g., -50℃ to +150℃) and without significant jumps. The pressure on the high-pressure side of the refrigerant should not exceed the preset upper limit alarm value (e.g., 2.5 MPa), and the pressure on the low-pressure side should not be lower than the preset lower limit value (e.g., 0.1 MPa). The fan speed feedback value should be within the range of 80% to 120% of its rated speed; Logical consistency check: Perform combined logic checks on the states of multiple components to determine if any abnormal operating conditions exist. For example: If the compressor is running but the refrigerant pressure does not change significantly, it is determined that the refrigeration system is abnormal. If the heater is in heating mode, but the temperature inside the chamber does not show an upward trend within a preset time, it is determined that the heater has failed. Fault code identification: If the data packet returned by the temperature chamber contains a clear fault code, it is directly determined that the temperature chamber is abnormal.

[0013] Only when all the above judgment dimensions are "normal" will the charging and discharging cabinet determine that the temperature chamber is in a state where it can start testing normally; if any dimension is judged as abnormal, the charging and discharging cabinet will prohibit itself from starting its own testing function and display the corresponding abnormal information on the host computer interface.

[0014] Preferably, the first preset duration ranges from 30 min to 60 min; the second preset duration ranges from 60 s to 180 s; the preset temperature error ranges from -2℃ to +2℃; and the third preset duration ranges from 3 s to 10 s.

[0015] Preferably, when the charging and discharging cabinet records the equipment fault code, it simultaneously records the test step number, cell voltage, cell current, and cell surface temperature data at the time of the fault occurrence; the host computer can retrieve the above data to generate a fault analysis report.

[0016] Preferably, after the test program is completed, the charging and discharging cabinet uploads a test data package containing voltage-time series, current-time series, cell surface temperature-time series and corresponding timestamp ambient temperature data of the temperature chamber to the host computer; the host computer automatically generates a test report containing capacity calculation results based on a preset template.

[0017] The present invention also provides a battery cell capacity testing and debugging system for performing the above method, including a charging and discharging cabinet, a temperature chamber and a host computer; The charging / discharging cabinet and the temperature chamber are connected via a first communication network; the charging / discharging cabinet and the host computer are connected via a second communication network; the temperature chamber and the host computer are connected via the second communication network; the charging / discharging cabinet includes a first controller, a power circuit, and a temperature sensor for collecting the surface temperature of the battery cells; the temperature chamber includes a second controller, an environmental temperature control unit, and a sensing and diagnostic module for monitoring the state inside the chamber and the state of its own equipment.

[0018] The host computer has a control module, which includes: The test program editing module is used to edit the test process, which includes charging and discharging current, voltage cutoff value, and number of cycles; An environmental parameter setting module is used to set the target temperature and the first preset duration; The data monitoring module is used to display and record voltage and current data from the charging and discharging cabinet and ambient temperature data from the temperature chamber in real time.

[0019] Preferably, the control module further includes a task scheduling module, which is configured to: receive multiple test task queues, each task being associated with a preset charge / discharge channel and a temperature chamber zone; dynamically monitor the progress and status of each task; when multiple tasks need to use the same temperature zone, sort and schedule them according to a preset priority strategy or time window strategy, and issue waiting or execution instructions to the corresponding charge / discharge cabinets to avoid temperature chamber instruction conflicts.

[0020] Preferably, the task scheduling module has a pre-set or dynamically learned model of the estimated time consumption for switching between temperature zones of the incubator; when scheduling tasks, the scheduling module not only determines whether a temperature zone is occupied, but also predicts the temperature of the temperature zone after the currently occupied task ends, and calculates the estimated time required to switch to the target temperature of the next task; the scheduling module uses the estimated time as a key cost factor and incorporates it into the scheduling decision, giving priority to tasks with similar target temperatures or short switching times to minimize the idle time of the temperature zone.

[0021] Preferably, the task scheduling module is configured to perform multi-objective scheduling decisions; The task scheduling module generates a set of scheduling parameters for each task to be scheduled. These scheduling parameters include the estimated temperature switching time parameter, the task priority parameter, the cumulative waiting time parameter, the load balancing impact parameter, and the cell status compliance parameter. The estimated temperature switching time parameter is calculated using the estimated time consumption model; the task priority parameter is assigned a value based on the urgency level of the task, with the urgency level ranging from an integer of 1 to 5; the cumulative waiting time parameter is calculated based on the time the task enters the scheduling queue; the load balancing impact parameter is obtained by calculating the standard deviation change in the number of tasks in all temperature zones after the task is allocated to each candidate temperature zone; the cell status compliance parameter is determined as follows: when the current surface temperature of the cell of the task is within the process requirement range of the target temperature range, the parameter is 0; when the current surface temperature of the cell is not within the process requirement range, the parameter is 100. The task scheduling module calculates the comprehensive scheduling score for each scheduled task for each candidate temperature zone using the following linear weighted formula: S=w1×P t +w2×P p +w3×P w +w4×P b +w5×P c ; Where S is the comprehensive scheduling score; P t Here, w1 represents the estimated temperature switching time parameter, and P is the value of P. t The corresponding weighting coefficient, w1, ranges from 0.1 to 0.5. P p Let w2 be the task priority parameter, and w2 be P. p The corresponding weighting coefficient, w2, ranges from 0.2 to 0.6. P w Let w3 be the cumulative waiting time parameter, and P be the value of w3. w The corresponding weighting coefficient, w3, ranges from 0.1 to 0.4. P bHere are the load balancing impact parameters, and w4 is P. b The corresponding weighting coefficient, w4, ranges from 0.1 to 0.3. P c For the cell status compliance parameters, w5 is P. c The corresponding weighting coefficient, w5, ranges from 0.2 to 0.8. The task scheduling module selects the task with the highest comprehensive scheduling score and the temperature zone pairing scheme, and performs resource allocation. After the task is actually executed, the task scheduling module records the actual switching time from the issuance of the scheduling command to the temperature chamber reaching the target temperature; the task scheduling module calculates the deviation between the actual switching time and the estimated temperature switching time parameter used in this scheduling; when the deviation of 3 to 10 consecutive tasks exceeds 15% to 30%, the task scheduling module starts parameter calibration of the estimated time consumption model.

[0022] Preferably, the charging and discharging cabinet has a multi-channel architecture, capable of simultaneously executing independent test programs on multiple battery cells; the temperature chamber has a structure with independent temperature zones; the host computer is configured to send corresponding test programs to different charging and discharging channels and send temperature commands to the corresponding temperature zones of the temperature chamber; the charging and discharging cabinet is also configured to: continuously receive real-time temperature data fed back by the temperature chamber during the process of adjusting the ambient temperature of the temperature chamber; compare the real-time temperature data with a preset temperature-time change curve; if the real-time temperature data deviates from the change curve by more than a preset deviation threshold, send a temperature adjustment anomaly warning to the host computer.

[0023] The present invention offers at least the following advantages: The high and low temperature chamber and charge / discharge machine integrated testing system for energy storage cell capacity testing described in this invention performs a pre-start self-check on the temperature chamber via the charge / discharge cabinet and determines whether testing is permitted based on its feedback status. This avoids forcibly starting testing when there are potential hazards in the temperature chamber and eliminates the risk of test failure or invalid data due to environmental equipment malfunctions. The charge / discharge cabinet forwards temperature commands and is responsible for determining whether the cell surface temperature is stable within the target range, ensuring that the timing of test startup is precisely based on the actual state of the tested object, rather than solely relying on the ambient air temperature inside the temperature chamber, thereby significantly improving the accuracy and repeatability of capacity test data. During testing, the charge / discharge cabinet, as the safety core, continuously monitors the communication status with the temperature chamber and key cell parameters, and responds to temperature chamber fault codes, achieving cross-device safety interlocking and active protection, fundamentally enhancing the safety and reliability of the entire testing system.

[0024] The method provides clear value ranges for key parameters such as the first preset duration, the second preset duration, the preset temperature error range, and the communication interruption judgment duration, offering a specific and reasonable engineering implementation window. This provides operators with a basis for system configuration, avoiding inefficient testing due to overly conservative parameter settings or unmet test conditions due to overly aggressive settings, thus ensuring the feasibility and consistency of the method in practical applications.

[0025] The regulations stipulate that when recording fault codes for the temperature chamber equipment, the charging and discharging cabinet should simultaneously capture and associate the test step number and the real-time electrical parameters and surface temperature of the battery cells at that moment. This transforms fault analysis from an isolated event record into a complete snapshot containing test context information, greatly facilitating the tracing and analysis of the root cause of the fault afterward. It helps distinguish between a fault in the temperature chamber itself and a chain reaction caused by abnormal battery cells, thereby improving the efficiency of equipment maintenance and testing problem analysis.

[0026] The charging and discharging cabinet is required to package and upload the cell voltage, current, and surface temperature sequences collected during the test, along with the ambient temperature data fed back from the temperature chamber, using a unified timestamp. This ensures strict synchronization and complete correlation of all test data over time, providing a high-quality dataset for subsequent analysis. The host computer automatically generates test reports based on templates, freeing operators from tedious and error-prone manual data organization, alignment, and calculation, automating the data processing and report generation process, and improving overall work efficiency.

[0027] A hardware system consisting of a charge / discharge cabinet, a temperature chamber, and a host computer connected via a specific communication network was constructed, and the core functional modules of each component were clearly defined. This system architecture provides a clear physical and logical foundation for implementing the aforementioned method, enabling the concrete implementation of the joint debugging method. The design of the multi-channel charge / discharge cabinet and the multi-temperature zone temperature chamber provides hardware possibilities for parallel testing, while the test editing, parameter setting, and data monitoring modules integrated in the host computer provide software support for centralized control and visualized operation.

[0028] A task scheduling module was introduced into the host computer to centrally manage and schedule multiple test tasks from multiple channels. This module can dynamically monitor the occupancy status of each temperature zone in the incubator. When resource contention occurs, it can automatically sort tasks and issue commands according to preset strategies. This effectively avoids incubator command conflicts or equipment idleness caused by human error or untimely response, realizes the orderly execution of multi-task testing, and improves the utilization rate of system resources and test throughput.

[0029] Building upon basic scheduling, the task scheduling module integrates a model for estimating the time required for temperature switching within the chamber. When making scheduling decisions, it not only considers whether a temperature zone is idle but also predicts the time cost required to switch from the current temperature to the next target temperature. This gives the scheduling strategy a forward-looking approach, prioritizing tasks with similar target temperatures and scheduling them consecutively within the same temperature zone. This minimizes the time a temperature zone spends waiting for temperature changes, further optimizing overall testing efficiency from a time perspective.

[0030] The scheduling module employs a multi-objective decision-making mechanism, evaluating each scheduling option through a set of quantitative parameters (such as switching time, task priority, waiting time, load balancing, and cell status compliance) and a linear weighted scoring model. This allows scheduling decisions to simultaneously consider multiple dimensions such as efficiency, urgency, fairness, equipment utilization, and testing process safety, achieving comprehensive optimization rather than the extreme pursuit of a single objective. Furthermore, the module has a self-calibration function, continuously correcting its internal prediction model by comparing the deviation between the estimated and actual switching times, ensuring the long-term accuracy and adaptability of the scheduling strategy to cope with changes in equipment performance or environmental fluctuations.

[0031] During the temperature adjustment process of the charging / discharging cabinet, the real-time temperature data fed back by the chamber is continuously monitored and compared with the preset ideal temperature-time change curve. This function extends the monitoring dimension from the traditional "endpoint result inspection" to "process trajectory monitoring." Once the actual temperature adjustment rate or stability of the chamber deviates significantly from the expected curve, an early warning can be sent to the host computer. This helps operators or the system to promptly detect potential performance degradation or potential faults in the chamber, enabling preventative maintenance and avoiding the impact of process loss on test results or cell safety, thus enhancing the reliability and controllability of the testing process.

[0032] Other advantages, objectives and features of the present invention will become apparent in part from the following description, and in part from those skilled in the art through study and practice of the invention. Attached Figure Description

[0033] Figure 1 This is a flowchart of the high and low temperature chamber and charge / discharge machine integrated debugging system for energy storage cell capacity testing described in this invention. Detailed Implementation

[0034] The present invention will now be described in further detail with reference to specific embodiments, so that those skilled in the art can implement it based on the description.

[0035] It should be understood that terms such as “having,” “comprising,” and “including” as used herein do not exclude the presence or addition of one or more other elements or combinations thereof.

[0036] It should be noted that, unless otherwise specified, the experimental methods described in the following implementation plan are all conventional methods, and the reagents and materials described are all commercially available unless otherwise specified.

[0037] In the description of this invention, the terms "lateral", "longitudinal", "up", "down", "front", "back", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", and "outer" indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. They are used only for the convenience of describing this invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on this invention.

[0038] like Figure 1 As shown, this invention provides a method for coordinating a high and low temperature chamber and a charge / discharge machine for testing the capacity of energy storage cells. This method is applied to a system including a charge / discharge cabinet, a temperature chamber, and a host computer, and includes the following steps: S1. Send a self-test command to the temperature chamber through the charging and discharging cabinet, and receive the operating status data fed back by the temperature chamber through the charging and discharging cabinet; the self-test command is used to trigger the temperature chamber to perform diagnosis on its key functional components, and the operating status data includes at least one of the following: compressor operating status, heater operating status, refrigerant pressure status, temperature sensor reading inside the chamber, and fan operating status. The charging and discharging cabinet determines whether the temperature chamber is normal based on the operating status data; if it is determined to be abnormal, the charging and discharging cabinet prohibits the activation of its own testing function; if it is determined to be normal, the charging and discharging cabinet forwards the target temperature from the host computer to the temperature chamber. S2. The temperature chamber adjusts its internal ambient temperature to the target temperature according to the target temperature, and maintains the temperature for a first preset time after reaching the target temperature. During the temperature maintenance period, the charging and discharging cabinet continuously acquires the surface temperature of the tested battery cell. When the difference between the surface temperature and the target temperature is within the preset temperature error range for a second preset time, the charging and discharging cabinet sends a test ready signal to the host computer. S3. After receiving the start command from the host computer, the charging and discharging cabinet performs a charging and discharging test according to a preset program. During the test, a linked safety monitoring is implemented: if the charging and discharging cabinet detects that the communication interruption between itself and the temperature chamber lasts for a third preset duration, it controls the test to be paused; if the charging and discharging cabinet detects that the cell voltage exceeds a preset voltage threshold, the cell current exceeds a preset current threshold, or the cell surface temperature exceeds a preset temperature threshold, it controls the test circuit to be cut off; if the charging and discharging cabinet receives a device fault code from the temperature chamber, it controls the test to be stopped and records the code.

[0039] In the above technical solution, the charging / discharging cabinet and the temperature chamber are connected via a fieldbus, which can be a communication module based on the RS-485 standard. The main controller in the charging / discharging cabinet (which can be an industrial programmable logic controller (PLC) or an embedded industrial control motherboard) sends a self-test query command to the temperature chamber controller (which can also be a PLC) via this bus. After receiving the command, the temperature chamber controller collects signals from the temperature sensor, compressor operating current, heater status, etc., and packages and feeds back these operating status data. The charging / discharging cabinet main controller parses the feedback data packet and uses internal logic to determine whether the temperature chamber is normal, such as checking whether the temperature sensor reading is within the effective range and whether there is any conflict between the compressor and heater status. If an abnormality is detected, the charging / discharging cabinet software interface will display an alarm and lock its test start button; if normal is detected, the charging / discharging cabinet will forward the target temperature setpoint received from the host computer (an industrial computer running configuration software or customized test management software), such as "25℃" or "-10℃", to the temperature chamber controller via its communication interface. After receiving the target temperature, the temperature chamber controller drives its environmental temperature control unit to start working.

[0040] After receiving the target temperature, the temperature control unit of the chamber begins to adjust the internal ambient temperature. Temperature adjustment can be based on a PID control algorithm, achieved by controlling the cooling power of the compressor or the heating power of the heater. When the average reading of the multiple temperature sensors inside the chamber reaches the target temperature, the chamber enters a constant temperature maintenance phase. The first preset duration is usually set between 30 and 60 minutes, and the specific duration can be determined experimentally based on the cell size. During this period, the charging and discharging cabinet continuously reads the measured values ​​from the temperature sensors (K-type thermocouples or PT100 platinum resistance thermometers) attached to the surface of the tested cell through its connected temperature acquisition module. The main controller of the charging and discharging cabinet compares the cell surface temperature with the target temperature in real time. The system sets the preset temperature error range to -2℃ to +2℃, and the second preset duration range to 60 seconds to 180 seconds. Only when the difference between the cell surface temperature and the target temperature remains within the above error range for a period of time equal to the second preset duration, such as 120 seconds, does the charging and discharging cabinet send a digital "test ready" signal to the host computer via Ethernet. This ensures that the temperature of the battery cell itself, not just the ambient temperature, meets the testing requirements.

[0041] After receiving the test-ready signal, the host computer can be confirmed by the operator and a start command can be issued to the charging / discharging cabinet. The charging / discharging cabinet then executes the charging / discharging test according to the preset program, including parameters such as constant current charging current, constant voltage cutoff voltage, and resting time. During the test, the charging / discharging cabinet performs linked safety monitoring. First, it continuously monitors the communication heartbeat packets between itself and the temperature chamber. If the interruption duration reaches the third preset duration (set to 3 to 10 seconds, for example, 5 seconds), the test program is paused. Second, the charging / discharging cabinet monitors the cell voltage and current in real time through its high-precision voltage and current sampling circuit and compares them with preset thresholds (such as a voltage upper limit of 4.2V and a current upper limit of 100A); simultaneously, it continuously reads the cell surface temperature. If any parameter, such as voltage, current, or surface temperature, exceeds its corresponding threshold, the main controller of the charging / discharging cabinet will immediately drive the DC contactor or solid-state relay in the power circuit to disconnect, thus cutting off the test circuit. Furthermore, if the charging / discharging cabinet receives a fault code (such as "E01" indicating compressor overload) proactively reported by the temperature chamber via communication, it will stop the entire testing process and store the fault code along with a timestamp in the local log. All monitoring actions are triggered with the charging / discharging cabinet as the execution core.

[0042] This method verifies the pre-start status of the temperature chamber using a charge / discharge cabinet, eliminating the risk of testing being initiated due to environmental equipment malfunctions. By introducing readiness judgment logic based on the temperature stability of the battery cell itself, it replaces methods that rely solely on ambient temperature or fixed delays, making the test start conditions more scientific and precise, fundamentally improving the reliability and comparability of capacity test data. During testing, a cross-device linkage monitoring system with the charge / discharge cabinet as the core of safety control is constructed, enabling real-time perception and rapid response to communication links, key electrical parameters of the battery cells, and faults in the temperature chamber itself. It can proactively interrupt abnormal testing processes, significantly enhancing the safety protection capabilities and automation level of the entire testing system, reducing the need for manual intervention and potential safety hazards. This method provides an effective solution for automated, high-reliability battery cell performance evaluation in complex temperature environments.

[0043] Following step S3 (Test Execution and Linked Safety Monitoring), the system pre-sets fault recovery and post-processing procedures. When the test is interrupted due to any monitored anomaly, the system automatically enters the "Safety Preservation and Pending Recovery" state. The charging and discharging cabinet will immediately record the precise test stage identifier at the time of interruption (such as "300 seconds of constant current charging stage" or "5th cycle of discharge rest period"), and upload this identifier along with the interruption reason (communication interruption, parameter over-limit, temperature chamber fault code) to the host computer.

[0044] The host computer software interface then displays a clear fault handling dialog box, providing instructions to the operator. The operator can select subsequent instructions based on the nature of the fault: Resume testing from breakpoint: Applicable to recoverable transient faults (such as communication interruptions followed by recovery, or parameters momentarily exceeding limits and then falling back). After operator confirmation, the host computer sends a resume test command to the charging / discharging cabinet. The charging / discharging cabinet resumes the unfinished test program starting from its recorded breakpoint identifier, and the test data will be seamlessly connected to the data before the interruption.

[0045] Safe Termination and Archiving: Applicable to unrecoverable faults (such as failure of core components of the temperature chamber or continuous overheating of the battery cells). After operator confirmation, the system executes the safe termination procedure: the charge / discharge cabinet control power circuit discharges the battery cells to a safe voltage, and the temperature chamber starts returning to normal temperature mode (e.g., 25°C). This test task is marked as "abnormal termination," and the system automatically generates a termination report containing data from the entire fault process, which is then archived and saved.

[0046] Task Restart: Applicable to scenarios requiring a complete restart (such as after a system reboot). Existing abnormal task data is archived. If retesting is required, a new task must be created and the entire process must begin from step S1.

[0047] In other technical solutions, the first preset duration ranges from 30 min to 60 min; the second preset duration ranges from 60 s to 180 s; the preset temperature error ranges from -2℃ to +2℃; and the third preset duration ranges from 3 s to 10 s.

[0048] The aforementioned technical solution provides clear and operable execution standards by specifying and reasonably defining key time parameters and temperature error ranges. Setting a constant temperature holding time of 30 to 60 minutes provides sufficient internal temperature equalization time for cells with different thermal characteristics, avoiding inconsistencies in test conditions caused by internal temperature gradients within the cells. Using a continuous stabilization time of 60 to 180 seconds combined with an error band of ±2℃ as the readiness judgment condition enhances the rigor of confirming the temperature stability state, prevents misjudgments due to short-term temperature fluctuations or measurement noise, and further improves the accuracy of test start-up timing. Specifying the communication interruption judgment threshold within the range of 3 to 10 seconds enables the system to respond promptly and safely when real communication failures occur, while also tolerating common, short-term network jitter, improving the reliability and practicality of the system's interlocking protection. The introduction of these specific parameters transforms the entire commissioning method from a theoretical framework into standardized process steps that can be directly applied and repeated in engineering practice.

[0049] In other technical solutions, when the charging and discharging cabinet records the equipment fault code, it simultaneously records the test step number, cell voltage, cell current, and cell surface temperature data at the time of the fault occurrence; the host computer can retrieve the above data to generate a fault analysis report.

[0050] The aforementioned technical solution addresses the engineering problem of isolated fault records and difficulty in root cause analysis in traditional equipment by requiring the charging and discharging cabinet to simultaneously capture and correlate test context data when recording temperature chamber faults. It enriches a simple equipment alarm code into a composite event record containing a "snapshot" of the test conditions, making fault analysis no longer speculative but empirically based on multi-dimensional data. Technicians can clearly see the specific stage of the test where the fault occurred, as well as the voltage, current, and temperature status of the battery cell at that time. This provides crucial information for distinguishing between independent hardware faults in the temperature chamber, incorrect test program parameter settings, and internal problems within the battery cell (such as internal short circuits causing abnormal temperature rise) that trigger a chain reaction in the temperature chamber. This significantly improves the efficiency and accuracy of fault diagnosis, shortens the time for equipment maintenance and troubleshooting, and provides data support for optimizing testing processes and implementing preventative equipment maintenance through the accumulation and analysis of historical fault data.

[0051] In other technical solutions, after the test program is completed, the charging and discharging cabinet uploads a test data package containing voltage-time series, current-time series, cell surface temperature-time series and corresponding timestamp ambient temperature data of the temperature chamber to the host computer; the host computer automatically generates a test report containing capacity calculation results based on a preset template.

[0052] The aforementioned technical solution addresses the problems of scattered data and the tedious, error-prone manual data processing and alignment required in traditional testing by requiring the charging / discharging cabinet to upload a complete data package after testing. This package integrates cell electrical data, battery temperature data, and ambient temperature data with strictly aligned timestamps. It ensures the integrity, consistency, and traceability of the original test data. The host computer automatically processes this data package and generates a report based on a pre-set template, completely freeing testing personnel from repetitive data calculations, chart creation, and report compilation. This eliminates the risk of errors introduced by human intervention and significantly improves efficiency from test completion to obtaining final analysis results. Furthermore, the standardized data package format and report template ensure consistent format and calculation standards across different batches and operators, greatly facilitating data archiving, comparison, and long-term management, providing a reliable data foundation for product quality consistency assessment and process research.

[0053] The present invention also provides a battery cell capacity testing and debugging system for performing the above method, including a charging and discharging cabinet, a temperature chamber and a host computer; Includes charging and discharging cabinet, temperature chamber, and host computer; The charging / discharging cabinet and the temperature chamber are connected via a first communication network; the charging / discharging cabinet and the host computer are connected via a second communication network; the temperature chamber and the host computer are connected via the second communication network; the charging / discharging cabinet includes a first controller, a power circuit, and a temperature sensor for collecting the surface temperature of the battery cells; the temperature chamber includes a second controller, an environmental temperature control unit, and a sensing and diagnostic module for monitoring the state inside the chamber and the state of its own equipment.

[0054] The host computer runs a control module, which includes: The test program editing module is used to edit the test process, which includes charging and discharging current, voltage cutoff value, and number of cycles; An environmental parameter setting module is used to set the target temperature and the first preset duration; The data monitoring module is used to display and record voltage and current data from the charging and discharging cabinet and ambient temperature data from the temperature chamber in real time.

[0055] In the above technical solution, the system consists of three main physical devices: a charging / discharging cabinet, a temperature chamber, and a host computer. The charging / discharging cabinet and the temperature chamber are connected via a first communication network, which can be a shielded twisted-pair cable using the RS-485 electrical standard. The interface can be a common industrial DB9 or terminal block type, with both ends of the cable connected to the communication ports inside the charging / discharging cabinet and the temperature chamber cabinet, respectively. The charging / discharging cabinet and the host computer, as well as the temperature chamber and the host computer, are connected via a second communication network, which can be an industrial Ethernet network based on the TCP / IP protocol. The switches in the network can be standard DIN rail-mounted industrial Ethernet switches, with each device connected to a different port on the switch via a network cable. The host computer is typically an industrial computer or high-performance workstation running Windows or Linux operating systems. This network architecture enables direct and rapid command interaction between the charging / discharging cabinet and the temperature chamber, while ensuring centralized monitoring and management of both by the host computer.

[0056] The charging and discharging cabinet contains several functional units. Its core primary controller can be an embedded industrial computer or a programmable logic controller (PLC), typically installed in the electrical control area at the top of the cabinet. The power circuit, a key component for charging and discharging, includes a programmable DC power supply, electronic load, power switching devices, and corresponding filtering and protection circuits. These power devices are usually installed near the heat dissipation duct in the middle of the cabinet. A temperature sensor for collecting the surface temperature of the battery cells has its probe fixed to the surface of the battery cell being tested using high-temperature tape or clamps. The sensor cable is connected to a multi-channel temperature acquisition instrument located near the controller through a sealed wiring hole on the cabinet. Inside the chamber, a secondary controller (which can be a dedicated temperature controller or a small PLC) is typically installed behind the control panel on the side of the chamber. The environmental temperature control unit, including a compressor, heater, circulating fan, and evaporator, is the main mechanical part of the chamber. Various sensors and diagnostic modules used to monitor the status inside the enclosure (such as multi-point air temperature and humidity) and the status of the equipment itself (such as compressor pressure and fan speed) are arranged in key locations such as the air duct, refrigeration circuit and motor drive circuit inside the enclosure, and their signal lines are all connected to the second controller.

[0057] The control module running on the host computer provides a graphical interface for its test program editing module. Users can define a test process consisting of multiple steps, such as constant current charging, constant voltage charging, resting, and constant current discharging, by dragging and dropping or filling in forms. Specific current values, voltage cutoff values, and cycle counts can be set for each step. The environmental parameter setting module provides an independent setting panel for inputting the target temperature value required for the test and the first preset duration of constant temperature maintenance as described in claim 1. The data monitoring module is responsible for periodically acquiring real-time voltage and current data from the charging / discharging cabinet via Ethernet during the test, and acquiring ambient temperature data from the temperature chamber. This data is displayed on the main software interface in numerical and dynamic curve form, and simultaneously saved to the host computer's hard drive.

[0058] This system, by clearly defining the physical and functional boundaries of the charge / discharge cabinet, temperature chamber, and host computer, and designing a specific dual-network communication architecture, provides a solid hardware and software foundation for achieving the aforementioned high-precision and high-safety joint debugging method. The charge / discharge cabinet serves as the control node directly linked to the temperature chamber, and centralized scheduling and monitoring are achieved through the host computer, forming a clearly layered and well-defined system structure that effectively integrates the previously independent charge / discharge testing and environmental simulation equipment. This architecture not only supports automated testing processes and ensures consistency of testing conditions, but its built-in multiple data acquisition and monitoring modules also enable process transparency, complete data recording, and subsequent analysis and optimization. The entire system design focuses on practical engineering applications; component selection and assembly methods take into account the reliability requirements of industrial environments, thus constructing a stable and scalable standardized testing platform.

[0059] In the system architecture description, the key hardware is detailed as follows: Cell surface temperature sensor: An insulated surface-mount PT100 platinum resistance thermometer or a K-type thermocouple can be selected. Its measurement accuracy should be no less than ±0.5℃, and the response time must meet the testing requirements. During installation, the sensor's temperature probe must be tightly attached to the center of the side of the cell being tested using high-temperature tape or a special clamp to ensure good thermal contact. For large cells, one sensor can be placed at each end of the cell, and the system takes the maximum reading from both as the monitored temperature to more comprehensively reflect the cell's condition.

[0060] Emergency disconnect actuator for power circuit: In the power circuit of the charging and discharging cabinet, the switching device used for emergency disconnection can be a high-power DC contactor or a solid-state relay. The rated current of the contact of this device must be more than 1.5 times higher than the maximum current of the test procedure to ensure sufficient margin; its disconnection response time should be less than 20 milliseconds to ensure rapid action in the event of a fault. This actuator is directly driven by the first controller of the charging and discharging cabinet and is installed in the main power circuit.

[0061] Temperature control unit for the incubator: The temperature control unit of the incubator has clearly defined performance specifications, with a temperature control accuracy of ±0.5℃ and an internal temperature uniformity of ±2℃ (based on the incubator volume and standard definitions). This provides a stable and uniform environmental baseline for testing.

[0062] When describing the system communication network, redundant design is added. In addition to the original "first communication network" (such as RS-485, used for main command and status interaction between the charging / discharging cabinet and the temperature chamber) and "second communication network" (Ethernet, used for interaction between the device and the host computer), an additional backup communication link is established between the host computer and the temperature chamber. This link can be an independent RS-232 or Modbus TCP connection.

[0063] During normal operation, temperature commands are forwarded by the charging / discharging cabinet (main path). When the charging / discharging cabinet detects that its "first communication network" with the temperature chamber has been interrupted for a third preset duration, in addition to pausing the test itself, it will immediately send a "main communication failure" alarm to the host computer via Ethernet. Upon receiving this alarm, the host computer software automatically switches the communication path and sends a "maintain current temperature" or "switch to a safe temperature (e.g., 25°C)" command directly to the temperature chamber through the aforementioned backup communication link. This ensures that the ambient temperature remains under control during the main communication failure between the charging / discharging cabinet and the temperature chamber, preventing secondary risks caused by temperature control failure.

[0064] In other technical solutions, the control module of the host computer also includes a task scheduling module, which is configured to: receive multiple test task queues, each task being associated with a specific charge / discharge channel and temperature chamber zone; dynamically monitor the progress and status of each task; when multiple tasks need to use the same temperature chamber zone, sort and schedule them according to a preset priority strategy or time window strategy, and issue waiting or execution instructions to the corresponding charge / discharge cabinet to avoid temperature chamber instruction conflicts.

[0065] The above technical solution, by introducing a dedicated task scheduling module into the host computer software, enables the system to achieve automated management and coordination of multiple test task flows. This module actively and periodically collects equipment status data, maintaining a global awareness of the resource occupancy status of the entire test area (charge / discharge channels, temperature chamber zones). When resource contention is detected, it can automatically make scheduling decisions based on objective, pre-set rules (such as priority or time requirements) and directly drive the relevant equipment to execute. This effectively replaces the mode of relying entirely on manual memory and operation to arrange tasks, fundamentally avoiding temperature chamber command conflicts caused by human negligence or untimely coordination (such as a temperature zone being required to be set to two different temperatures simultaneously), thereby preventing test errors or equipment malfunctions. This module enables the system to process batch test tasks in an orderly and efficient manner, improving the automation and reliability of multi-task parallel testing and reducing the reliance on continuous operator monitoring and manual intervention in the testing process.

[0066] The host computer control module also includes an independent end-to-end audit log module. This module continuously records all the following events with millisecond-level timestamps: Command Stream Log: Records all control commands issued by the host computer (such as test program issuance, target temperature setting, start / pause / stop commands) and their reception confirmation status.

[0067] Status change log: Records any changes in the status of each channel of the charging and discharging cabinet (idle / ready / test / fault), the status of each temperature zone of the temperature chamber (temperature control / idle / fault), and safety monitoring threshold trigger events (such as voltage over-limit alarm triggering and recovery).

[0068] Communication event log: Records the establishment and disconnection of all network connections, the timestamps and brief summaries of the sending and receiving of major communication messages (heartbeat packets, status data packets), and any communication timeouts or errors.

[0069] Key Operations and Exceptions Logs: Records manual operations such as operator login / logout, parameter modification, fault confirmation, and recovery process selection, as well as all exceptions and warnings automatically identified by the system.

[0070] The logs are stored in an immutable circular file format and equipped with powerful search tools, supporting querying, filtering, and exporting by multiple dimensions such as time range, device ID, task ID, event type, and user. This function provides a complete chain of data evidence for production process traceability, root cause analysis of failures, operation auditing, and process optimization.

[0071] In other technical solutions, the task scheduling module has a pre-set or dynamically learned model of the estimated time consumption for switching between temperature zones of the temperature chamber. When scheduling tasks, the scheduling module not only determines whether a temperature zone is occupied, but also predicts the temperature of the temperature zone after the currently occupied task ends, and calculates the estimated time required to switch to the target temperature of the next task. The scheduling module uses the estimated time as a key cost factor and incorporates it into the scheduling decision, prioritizing tasks with similar target temperatures or short switching times to continue the task, so as to minimize the idle time of the temperature zone.

[0072] In the above technical solution, the task scheduling module can integrate a model for estimating the time required for temperature switching in the incubator. This model can be a static data table or calculation formula pre-built and set into the module based on the technical specifications (such as heating rate, cooling rate, overshoot and settling time parameters) provided by the incubator manufacturer. The model has dynamic learning capabilities. During long-term system operation, the module continuously records the starting temperature, target temperature, and accurate time taken for each actual temperature switch performed by the incubator. Using this historical data, statistical algorithms such as linear regression are used to periodically calibrate and update the model parameters, making the prediction more closely match the actual performance of the equipment.

[0073] When the task scheduling module makes scheduling decisions for queued tasks, its decision-making logic goes beyond simply checking the binary state of a temperature zone as "idle" or "occupied." The module queries detailed information about tasks currently occupying a particular temperature zone, obtains the test program for that task, and thus predicts the expected temperature inside the chamber at the end of the task. For example, after a discharge test task conducted at -10°C, the temperature in the temperature zone is likely to remain around -10°C. Based on this predicted end temperature and the target temperature required by candidate tasks in the queue, the scheduling module invokes the aforementioned estimated time consumption model. This model can be a function that takes the current temperature and the target temperature as input and outputs an estimated switching time value. For example, the model might calculate that the time required to heat from -10°C to +55°C is significantly longer than the time required to heat from +25°C to +55°C.

[0074] After generating the estimated temperature switching times for different candidate tasks, the scheduling module incorporates this time as a key decision-making cost factor. Its core scheduling strategy prioritizes tasks whose target temperature is closest to the predicted temperature after the current task ends. This means the module will prioritize scheduling tasks with shorter temperature switching times; for example, scheduling a task with a target temperature of +25℃ to replace a task that will end at +30℃, rather than scheduling a task with a target temperature of -20℃. The direct purpose of this is to minimize the equipment idle time caused by temperature reset and stabilization between two test tasks, thus enabling valuable temperature resources to be invested in test production more efficiently and continuously.

[0075] This implementation method introduces the prediction and optimization of temperature switching time into task scheduling, deepening the granularity of scheduling decisions from simple resource occupancy checks to refined management of resource conversion efficiency. It solves the efficiency loss problem caused by traditional scheduling methods neglecting the important physical characteristic of the temperature chamber—the long temperature switching time—which is a special piece of equipment. By estimating the switching time and prioritizing task sequences with similar temperatures, the system can intelligently reduce the unproductive time spent idling in the temperature zone while waiting to heat up or cool down. This forward-looking scheduling based on a physical model effectively improves the actual utilization rate of the temperature chamber, a key environmental simulation device, and the throughput capacity of the overall testing system, making the arrangement of batch testing tasks more scientific and efficient, and reducing unnecessary energy and time consumption.

[0076] When describing the task scheduling module, please supplement the initialization and maintenance operations of its parameters: Multi-objective scheduling weight coefficient initialization: The system provides a set of initial suggested values ​​for the weight coefficients (w1 to w5) in the linear weighted formula of the task scheduling module, based on typical test lab scenarios. For example, an initial configuration balancing efficiency and compliance could be: w1 (switchover duration) = 0.3, w2 (priority) = 0.4, w3 (wait duration) = 0.2, w4 (load balancing) = 0.1, w5 (compliance) = 0.5. These coefficients can be adjusted by the administrator within a given range according to actual strategies (such as "efficiency first" or "high compliance requirements") through the host computer software interface.

[0077] Predicted Time Consumption Model Calibration Procedure: The initial parameters of the predicted time consumption model are set based on the rated performance data provided by the temperature chamber manufacturer. The system offers a manual calibration mode: Administrators can initiate a temperature gradient test covering commonly used temperature ranges (e.g., -40℃, -20℃, 0℃, 25℃, 45℃, 60℃). The system automatically controls the temperature chamber to traverse these temperature points and accurately records the actual switching time between each point. Upon completion, the system uses the collected "temperature difference - actual time consumption" data samples to automatically calibrate the model parameters using algorithms such as least squares, making the predicted values ​​more closely match the actual performance of the equipment. Furthermore, the system also supports automatic trigger calibration based on continuous operating deviations.

[0078] In other technical solutions, the task scheduling module is configured to perform multi-objective scheduling decisions.

[0079] 1. Working principle and design considerations of scheduling parameters The task scheduling module generates a set of quantified scheduling parameters for each task to be scheduled. This set of scheduling parameters includes the estimated temperature switching duration parameter (P). t ), task priority parameter (P) p ), cumulative waiting time parameter (P) w ), load balancing impact parameters (P) b ) and cell condition compliance parameters (P c These parameters are designed to transform the complex scheduling problem into computable, comparable numerical values, each corresponding to a different optimization objective: Predicted temperature switching time parameter (P) t ): This parameter is obtained by querying or calculating the built-in estimated time model, and the unit is usually minutes. This parameter directly reflects the efficiency target; the smaller the value, the shorter the estimated waiting time required to switch from the current temperature zone to the target temperature, and the lower the idle cost of the temperature zone. Calculations are usually based on the "absolute value of the difference between the target temperature and the current temperature" and the "model-predicted unit temperature difference switching rate".

[0080] Task priority parameter (P) p): This parameter is assigned a value based on the urgency level marked by the operator when the task is created (e.g., 1-5, with 1 being the most urgent). This parameter reflects the task urgency target, ensuring that high-priority tasks can be scheduled first to meet the timeliness requirements of production or R&D.

[0081] Cumulative waiting time parameter (P) w The time difference (in hours) is calculated based on the time difference between the current time and the time the task entered the scheduling queue. This parameter incorporates fairness considerations, preventing low-priority tasks from waiting indefinitely due to resource contention, and helps improve the overall task completion satisfaction of the task queue.

[0082] Load balancing impact parameters (P) b The parameter Δσ is calculated by simulating the assignment of tasks to candidate temperature zones and then determining the standard deviation change (Δσ) of the number of tasks across all temperature zones. A negative Δσ indicates a more balanced distribution of tasks across temperature zones after assignment. This parameter reflects the resource utilization target, aiming to distribute tasks as evenly as possible across temperature zones, preventing overload in some zones while other zones remain idle, thereby improving the overall system throughput.

[0083] Cell status compliance parameters (P) c ): This is determined by querying the current surface temperature of the cell associated with the task and comparing it with the process window allowed by the target temperature (e.g., target value ± 5℃). If it is within the window, P c =0; if outside the window, P c =100 (penalty value). This parameter enforces the goals of process safety and test effectiveness, prioritizing tasks that are already at or close to the appropriate temperature for the battery cells, avoiding additional and uncontrollable delays caused by waiting for the battery cells to heat up or cool down, or invalidating data by starting tests when the temperature is not compliant.

[0084] 2. The significance of weighting coefficients and strategy configuration The task scheduling module calculates the comprehensive scheduling score (S) for each task to be scheduled for each candidate temperature zone using the following linear weighted formula: S=w1×P t +w2×P p +w3×P w +w4×P b +w5×P c The weighting coefficients w1-w5 are positive numbers pre-set in the system configuration, used to flexibly adjust the relative importance of different optimization objectives in the final decision. System administrators can configure these coefficients according to actual production strategies. Efficiency-first strategy: Set higher w1 (e.g., 0.4), higher w5 (e.g., 0.6 to ensure compliance), and appropriately lower w2, w3, and w4. Under this strategy, the system will strive to shorten the temperature zone switching time and complete the task quickly.

[0085] High compliance / safety priority strategy: Extremely high w5 can be set (e.g., 0.8), giving decisive importance to the compliance of cell status. Even if the switchover time is slightly longer, cells that are already at the correct temperature will be prioritized for scheduling, ensuring that the starting conditions for testing are absolutely stringent.

[0086] Balanced scheduling strategy: w4 can be appropriately increased (e.g., 0.25), and w1, w2, and w3 can be balanced. This strategy focuses on the uniformity of load in each temperature zone under long-term operation and is suitable for steady-state production environments.

[0087] Before calculation, each parameter needs to be normalized (e.g., mapped to the 0-100 range) to eliminate the influence of dimensions and ensure the fairness of the weighted summation.

[0088] 3. Specific implementation of model self-calibration logic The self-calibration function of the estimated time consumption model is key to its long-term accuracy. The initial model parameters are set based on the nominal performance of the temperature chamber. During operation, the system continuously collects "training data pairs": that is, actual records of each temperature switch, including the initial temperature (T). start ), target temperature (T) target ) and actual time spent (t) actual ).

[0089] Calibration trigger: When the system detects that the relative deviation between the actual time of switching tasks and the model's estimated time exceeds the threshold (e.g., 20%) for N consecutive (e.g., N=5) switching tasks, the calibration process is automatically triggered.

[0090] Calibration algorithm example: The system can use a univariate linear regression method to dynamically correct the core parameter of the model—the average temperature change rate (k). Assume the model simplifies to t-prediction = |T|. target -T start | / k+C (where C is the constant dead time). During calibration, the system selects a recent batch of data, using the absolute value of the temperature difference (ΔT) as the independent variable, and the actual effective time (t) as the variable. actual -C) is the dependent variable. A new k' value is fitted using the least squares method to update the model.

[0091] Calibration process: Upon triggering, the system automatically locks the temperature zone to be calibrated, suspends new task scheduling for it; performs regression calculations using historical data; updates model parameters; records calibration logs; unlocks and resumes scheduling. This process can be completed automatically in the background without manual intervention.

[0092] After introducing this multi-objective scheduling decision model, the system scheduling is upgraded from judgment based on simple rules to optimization based on quantitative evaluation.

[0093] Regarding reducing idle time in the temperature zone: through P tWith its high parameters and w1 weights, the system naturally tends to prioritize tasks with smaller temperature ranges during decision-making. For example, after a +25°C test has just been completed in a temperature zone, there is a +30°C task and a -20°C task in the queue. A traditional first-come, first-served strategy might choose the -20°C task first, causing the temperature zone to undergo a prolonged cooling process (e.g., 60 minutes). However, this model will prioritize the +30°C task because it has a very small P-value. t It is therefore given a high overall score and prioritized for scheduling. New tests can begin in just 5 minutes after warming up, saving approximately 55 minutes of idle time in the temperature zone with a single switch. Over the long term, this significantly improves equipment efficiency (OEE).

[0094] Regarding improving system throughput and security: through P c By setting parameters and W5 weights, the system can avoid scheduling tasks where the cell temperature is far from meeting process requirements, thereby reducing the wasted time spent "waiting for the cell temperature to stabilize." Meanwhile, P... b The parameters encourage load balancing, preventing tasks from piling up in a few hot zones and accelerating the overall task queue processing speed. In summary, this model, by simultaneously optimizing efficiency, urgency, fairness, load, and compliance, achieves the goal of maximizing the overall output of the testing system while ensuring test quality and security.

[0095] Before starting scheduling, the task scheduling module checks whether the battery cells associated with each task to be scheduled are in place and whether the temperature sensor readings are valid. If not, the task is marked as "to be installed" and will not participate in scheduling until the charging and discharging cabinet reports valid temperature data.

[0096] It should be noted that the current surface temperature data of the battery cell is acquired in real time by a sensor connected to the charging / discharging cabinet through its temperature acquisition port. When the task scheduling module makes scheduling decisions, the battery cell under test must be installed in the corresponding temperature zone and connected to the charging / discharging channel; at this time, the charging / discharging cabinet can read its surface temperature. If, due to special circumstances (such as the battery cell not being installed or the sensor not being connected), a valid temperature cannot be obtained, the system defaults to the battery cell status compliance parameter P for this task. c A value of 100 indicates a failure to meet temperature compliance requirements, preventing testing from being initiated under unknown temperature conditions. After the operator installs the battery cell, the system will automatically update the P value for that task. c The value is then re-entered into the scheduling process.

[0097] In other technical solutions, the charging and discharging cabinet has a multi-channel architecture, capable of simultaneously executing independent test programs on multiple battery cells; the temperature chamber has a structure with independent temperature zones; the host computer is configured to send corresponding test programs to different charging and discharging channels and send temperature commands to the corresponding temperature zones of the temperature chamber; the charging and discharging cabinet is also configured to: continuously receive real-time temperature data fed back by the temperature chamber during the process of adjusting the ambient temperature of the temperature chamber; compare the real-time temperature data with a preset temperature-time change curve; if the real-time temperature data deviates from the change curve by more than a preset deviation threshold, send a temperature adjustment anomaly warning to the host computer.

[0098] In the above technical solution, the charging and discharging cabinet can be designed with a multi-channel architecture. This can be implemented by installing multiple independent test units within a standard cabinet, each unit constituting an independent channel. Each channel includes its own dedicated first controller submodule, a power circuit submodule consisting of a programmable DC power supply and electronic load, and independent voltage, current sampling, and temperature acquisition interfaces. The power output terminals of these channels are arranged side-by-side on the front panel of the cabinet, and each terminal can connect to an independent battery cell under test. With this design, the charging and discharging cabinet can simultaneously perform independent test programs with different parameters on multiple battery cells placed inside the cabinet. Correspondingly, the temperature chamber can also be designed with a structure having multiple independent temperature zones. For example, a chamber can be divided into several spaces by physical partitions, each space equipped with an independent environmental temperature control unit (such as an independent evaporator and heater) and a second controller, thereby forming multiple independently temperature-controlled chambers.

[0099] The host computer software is configured to support centralized management of this multi-channel, multi-temperature zone system. In the software interface, operators can individually edit or select test programs for each physical channel of the charge / discharge cabinet; these programs can be different for each channel. Similarly, target temperature commands can be set individually for each independent temperature zone of the chamber. When a batch of test tasks is initiated, the host computer will send different test programs to the corresponding channel controllers within the charge / discharge cabinet via a second communication network, and simultaneously send different temperature commands to the corresponding temperature zone controllers within the chamber. This enables the system to implement complex test matrices; for example, testing cell A in temperature zone 1 (set to -20℃) while simultaneously testing cell B in temperature zone 2 (set to +45℃), with completely different charge / discharge regimes for both cells.

[0100] In addition, the charging and discharging cabinet is equipped with additional monitoring functions. During the process of the temperature chamber adjusting the ambient temperature of a certain temperature zone according to instructions, the charging and discharging cabinet continuously receives real-time temperature data for that temperature zone from the temperature chamber via a first communication network. The first controller of the charging and discharging cabinet has a standardized "temperature-time" change reference curve pre-stored. This curve describes the expected ideal path from the current temperature to the target temperature, including a reasonable range of heating or cooling rates. The controller compares the continuously acquired real-time temperature data with the expected value of this reference curve at the same time. The system presets a deviation threshold, for example, allowing a deviation of ±5℃ between the real-time temperature and the corresponding point on the reference curve. If, for a continuous period (e.g., 60 seconds), the real-time data consistently exceeds this threshold, the charging and discharging cabinet determines that the temperature adjustment process for that temperature zone is abnormal. Subsequently, the charging and discharging cabinet sends a digital warning signal to the host computer via a second communication network. This signal carries the specific channel and temperature zone identifier, indicating that the temperature adjustment may be too slow, too fast, or out of control.

[0101] This implementation, through a hardware architecture employing a multi-channel charge / discharge cabinet and a multi-temperature zone chamber, coupled with refined management by the host computer software, significantly improves the throughput of the testing system. It enables parallel testing under various environmental conditions and specifications, greatly enhancing equipment utilization and testing efficiency. The host computer's independent control over each channel and temperature zone ensures the accuracy and flexibility of parallel testing. More importantly, the charge / discharge cabinet's dynamic monitoring and early warning mechanism for the chamber's temperature adjustment process shifts the system's environmental monitoring from static "result inspection" to dynamic "process tracking." This helps to detect potential performance degradation, control deviations, or potential faults in the chamber (such as decreased cooling efficiency or abnormal heater response) early on, allowing maintenance personnel to intervene before problems affect the final test results or cause serious equipment damage. This enhances the reliability and predictability of the testing process, providing a deeper layer of assurance for obtaining high-quality, repeatable test data.

[0102] The preset temperature-time curve refers to the expected ideal temperature change trajectory of the chamber as it adjusts from the current temperature to the target temperature. This curve is theoretically generated based on the equipment's nominal performance, specifically as follows: The host computer or charging / discharging cabinet pre-generates a standard temperature change curve based on the technical specifications provided by the temperature chamber manufacturer. Specifically, this includes: Obtain the rated heating rate (e.g., °C / min) and rated cooling rate of the chamber in each temperature range; Calculate the theoretical heating or cooling time based on the difference between the current temperature and the target temperature; Based on the PID response characteristics of the temperature control system, a theoretical temperature-time curve is generated that includes four stages: "start-up-linear change-approximation-stability". The curve is preset in the charging / discharging cabinet or host computer as a data table or function. Example

[0103] Take the high and low temperature cycle capacity test of two identical 100Ah lithium iron phosphate energy storage cells as an example.

[0104] 1. System Preparation and Initialization First, the joint debugging system was set up. The system hardware included: a charge and discharge cabinet with two independent test channels, a high and low temperature chamber with two independent temperature zones, an industrial computer as the host computer, and an industrial Ethernet switch.

[0105] Hardware Connection: The two channels of the charging / discharging cabinet are connected to the positive and negative terminals of battery cell A and battery cell B respectively via independent power lines and clamps. Battery cell A and battery cell B are placed in temperature zones 1 and 2 of the temperature chamber, respectively. The charging / discharging cabinet and the temperature chamber are connected via a shielded twisted-pair cable using an RS-485 bus, forming the first communication network for direct command and status interaction. The charging / discharging cabinet, temperature chamber, and host computer are all connected to a switch via network cables, forming a second communication network based on TCP / IP for centralized monitoring and data exchange. In addition, an RS-232 connection cable is deployed between the host computer and the temperature chamber as a backup communication link.

[0106] Sensor Installation: A PT100 platinum resistance temperature sensor (accuracy ±0.5℃) is tightly attached to the center of the side of each cell using high-temperature tape. The sensor cable is introduced through the sealed sleeve on the temperature chamber and connected to the corresponding temperature acquisition channel of the charging and discharging cabinet. The power circuit inside the charging and discharging cabinet integrates a high-power DC contactor (contact current 150A, response time <20ms) for emergency shutdown.

[0107] Software Startup: The host computer is started, and the customized control module is run. The software interface displays the system topology, including two charging / discharging channels and two temperature chamber zones. After the operator logs in, the system's end-to-end audit log module automatically begins recording all subsequent operations and events.

[0108] 2. Test Task Creation and Parameter Settings The operator creates a test task for two battery cells.

[0109] Using the software's test program editing module, set up the same test program for both channels: one cycle consists of "constant current charging (0.2C, to 3.65V) - constant voltage charging (3.65V, cutoff current 0.02C) - rest for 30 minutes - constant current discharging (0.2C, to 2.5V) - rest for 10 minutes", and execute a total of 5 cycles.

[0110] Using the environmental parameter setting module, the target temperature for Task A (cell A) is set to -10℃, and the target temperature for Task B (cell B) is set to +45℃. The first preset duration (constant temperature holding time) for both tasks is set to 45 minutes.

[0111] Both tasks were submitted to the software's task scheduling module and entered the scheduling queue. Based on project requirements, the operator marked Task B (high-temperature test) as "2" in urgency level and Task A (low-temperature test) as "3".

[0112] 3. Task scheduling and resource allocation The task scheduling module detected that two tasks need to use temperature zones 1 and 2 respectively. Currently, both temperature zones are idle and can be directly assigned. However, for the purpose of demonstrating the scheduling logic, it is assumed that temperature zone 1 has just completed a test that ended at +50℃.

[0113] The scheduling module invokes its internal time estimation model. The model predicts that switching from +50℃ to -10℃ in task A will take an estimated 85 minutes; while switching to +45℃ in task B will only take 10 minutes (due to the smaller temperature difference). Simultaneously, the module calculates the scheduling parameters: the priority parameter P for task B. p =2, P of task A p =3 (smaller numbers have higher priority); At this point, the two battery cells have been installed in their respective temperature zones and connected to the power lines and temperature sensors of the charging / discharging cabinet. The charging / discharging cabinet reads the surface temperatures of battery cells A and B in real time through its temperature acquisition port; both are 25℃ (room temperature). Since the target temperature for task A is -10℃ and the target temperature for task B is +45℃, the current surface temperatures of the battery cells are not within the process window of ±5℃ of the target temperature. Therefore, the battery cell status compliance parameter P... c All values ​​are set to 100.

[0114] The module uses preset weighting coefficients (w1=0.3, w2=0.4, w3=0.2, w4=0.1, w5=0.5) and substitutes them into a linear weighted formula to calculate the comprehensive scheduling score. Although task A's P... p Better (larger numbers, but the scoring model will treat them as low priority), but due to the estimated time to switch to its target temperature (P t The length is very long and the cell condition is non-compliant (P) c =100), resulting in a low overall score. Therefore, the module decision prioritizes task B, assigning it to temperature zone 1 and charging / discharging cabinet channel 1; task A is assigned to temperature zone 2 and channel 2.

[0115] 4. Preparation and readiness assessment before test launch The scheduling instruction is issued, and the system begins to execute the process of task B.

[0116] The charging / discharging cabinet (channel 1) sends a self-test command to the temperature chamber (temperature zone 1) via RS-485. The temperature chamber controller feeds back status data from the compressor, heater, and sensors. After analyzing the data, the charging / discharging cabinet determines that everything is normal and forwards the target temperature "+45℃" set by the host computer to the temperature chamber.

[0117] The temperature zone 1 of the incubator began heating up. During this period, the charging and discharging cabinet continuously received real-time temperature data from the incubator and compared it with the preset temperature rise curve. The heating process was normal, and no warnings were issued.

[0118] Once the temperature chamber displays that zone 1 has reached +45℃, it enters the constant temperature maintenance phase and begins a 45-minute countdown. Simultaneously, the charging / discharging cabinet continuously acquires the surface temperature of cell B. The system is set with a preset temperature error range of ±2℃ and a second preset duration of 120 seconds. When the surface temperature of cell B remains stable between +43℃ and +47℃ for 120 seconds, the charging / discharging cabinet sends a "Test Ready" signal to the host computer. The host computer interface then prompts the operator.

[0119] 5. Test Execution and Security Monitoring After operator confirmation, the host computer issues a start command to the charging and discharging cabinet.

[0120] The charging / discharging cabinet channel 1 begins charging and discharging tests on battery cell B according to a preset procedure. During the test, the charging / discharging cabinet implements linked safety monitoring: Communication monitoring: Continuously check the RS-485 heartbeat communication with the incubator. The third preset duration is set to 5 seconds; if the timeout is interrupted, the test will be paused.

[0121] Electrical parameter monitoring: Real-time monitoring of cell voltage and current. Preset voltage thresholds are 3.8V (upper limit), current thresholds are 25A (upper limit), and temperature thresholds are 60℃ (upper limit). If any parameter exceeds the limit, the DC contactor will immediately disconnect the test circuit.

[0122] Incubator Fault Monitoring: If a fault code is received from the incubator (such as "E02" indicating a fan fault), the test should be stopped immediately and recorded.

[0123] 6. Fault Simulation and Recovery Process During the third discharge cycle, a momentary anomaly was simulated: the charging and discharging cabinet detected that the voltage of cell B dropped to 2.4V (below the threshold of 2.5V) and immediately cut off the circuit.

[0124] The system entered the "safety hold and recovery" state. The charging and discharging cabinet synchronously recorded the fault time as "150 seconds of the 3rd cycle discharge stage" and captured the voltage (2.4V), current (20A) and cell surface temperature (+46℃) data at that time, forming a fault snapshot.

[0125] A fault handling dialog box popped up on the host computer interface. The operator checked and found that it was an intermittent voltage sampling interference, and the battery cell was actually normal. Therefore, "Continue testing from the breakpoint" was selected. After the host computer sent the command, the charging and discharging cabinet continued to execute the test from the recorded breakpoint (150 seconds of the 3rd discharge cycle), and the data was seamlessly connected.

[0126] 7. Incubator main communication failure and redundancy switching During the -10℃ test in Zone 2 of Task A, the RS-485 cable between the simulated charge / discharge cabinet and the temperature chamber became loose, causing a communication interruption.

[0127] After the interruption lasts for 5 seconds (reaching the third preset duration), the charging and discharging cabinet suspends the testing of cell A and sends a "main communication failure" alarm to the host computer via Ethernet.

[0128] After receiving the alarm, the host computer software automatically switches to the backup communication link (RS-232) and sends a command directly to the No. 2 temperature zone of the temperature chamber, requesting it to "maintain the current temperature of -10℃", ensuring that the test environment does not go out of control during the communication failure.

[0129] 8. Test Completion and Data Report Generation All testing tasks (including the tests after recovery) were successfully completed.

[0130] The charging and discharging cabinet uploads the complete test data package for each channel (including voltage-time, current-time, cell surface temperature-time series, and time-stamped ambient temperature data of the temperature chamber) to the host computer.

[0131] The host computer software calls a preset template to automatically perform capacity calculations (such as integrating the current-time series during the discharge phase) and generates a standard test report containing capacity results, data curves, and test conditions.

[0132] Meanwhile, the task scheduling module recorded that the actual switching time of task B from +50℃ to +45℃ was 9.5 minutes, which deviated from the estimated 10 minutes by 5%. The system will continue to accumulate such data, and when the deviation exceeds the threshold (e.g., 20%) multiple times in a row, it will automatically start the parameter calibration of the estimated time model.

[0133] 9. Auditing and Traceability Throughout the entire implementation process, the host computer's end-to-end audit log module ran continuously, recording all events and their millisecond-level timestamps from task creation, parameter setting, scheduling decisions, every instruction issued, device status changes, fault events, operator intervention, to test completion. These logs can be used for traceability, auditing, or in-depth analysis at any stage.

[0134] In the embodiments, different combinations of test procedures and environmental conditions are designed to achieve multi-dimensional performance evaluation of the battery cell.

[0135] 1. Regarding high-temperature accelerated aging and cycle life assessment By utilizing the temperature chamber to simulate a stable high-temperature environment (e.g., 38°C) and combining it with the charge / discharge cabinet to execute continuous, high-rate charge / discharge cycle tests, an accelerated aging test scenario for battery cells can be constructed. Under the control of this integrated testing system, the test process can operate continuously around the clock, maintaining a constant ambient temperature, thus avoiding the intervals and errors introduced by equipment start-ups and shutdowns and temperature readjustments in traditional phased testing. This method can acquire capacity decay and lifespan data of battery cells under high-temperature conditions within a relatively shorter continuous timeframe, thereby providing an efficient testing method for battery cell durability assessment and R&D verification.

[0136] 2. Regarding wide-temperature-range performance verification and screening The system supports testing over a wide temperature range (e.g., -30℃ to +60℃). During low-temperature performance verification, the optimized task scheduling module effectively arranges the order of test tasks at different temperature points, reducing waiting time when switching between extreme temperature chambers. Compared to traditional methods of conducting temperature-point tests at different times, using different equipment, or requiring manual intervention, this system, through automated debugging and intelligent scheduling, significantly reduces the overall testing time and enables faster completion of performance profile mapping for the battery cells across the entire operating temperature range.

[0137] 3. Regarding high-precision constant temperature screening Under constant temperature conditions (e.g., 25℃ ± 0.5℃), the system ensures that the cell's temperature and the ambient temperature are highly stable before testing begins. The charge / discharge cabinet then performs precise low-rate (e.g., 0.2C) capacity testing. Due to the highly consistent and precise temperature conditions, the resulting cell capacity data has high repeatability and comparability, which is beneficial for screening out individual cells with highly consistent capacity characteristics, providing a reliable data foundation for the consistent grouping of subsequent battery modules.

[0138] 4. Regarding simulation of complex temperature conditions The system supports complex temperature-time curve settings. For example, the temperature chamber can be set to change temperature according to a stepped or ramped curve of "25℃-35℃-25℃", while the charging and discharging cabinet simultaneously executes specific charging and discharging test procedures. This automated commissioning enables automatic testing of the battery cell performance under alternating temperature conditions, eliminating the need for manual intervention at temperature change points. This not only reduces reliance on operators but also ensures the accuracy of the timing of test conditions and program execution, improving the efficiency and reliability of complex testing processes.

[0139] Based on the above application scenarios, the system and method described in this invention can bring the following technical effects: Improved testing efficiency and continuity: Through automated debugging and intelligent task scheduling, the system can automatically continue and efficiently execute test tasks under different temperature conditions, minimizing the time spent on equipment waiting, environmental reset and manual operation, thus effectively shortening the total cycle of long-term testing (such as life testing) and wide-temperature range testing.

[0140] Ensuring the accuracy and comparability of test data: A readiness judgment mechanism based on the temperature stability of the battery cell itself, along with high-precision environmental temperature control, fundamentally ensures that the initial conditions for each test are strictly consistent. This greatly improves the repeatability and accuracy of measurement results for key performance parameters such as capacity, providing technical support for accurate evaluation and high-consistency screening of battery cell performance.

[0141] Support for complex and accelerated testing scenarios: The system can reliably execute complex test procedures that require ambient temperature to change according to a preset pattern, as well as accelerated aging tests that maintain a long-term stable high / low temperature environment. This capability expands the scope and depth of testing coverage, helping to more comprehensively and quickly evaluate the performance and lifespan of battery cells under different stress conditions.

[0142] Achieving automation and unmanned operation of the testing process: The entire process from environment preparation, test execution, security monitoring to data collection and report generation is automated, enabling the system to handle testing tasks during nighttime, holidays and other times, improving equipment utilization, reducing reliance on continuous personnel on-duty duty, and achieving standardization and intelligence of the testing process.

[0143] Although embodiments of the present invention have been disclosed above, they are not limited to the applications listed in the specification and embodiments. They can be applied to various fields suitable for the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other modifications can be easily made. Therefore, without departing from the general concept defined by the claims and their equivalents, the present invention is not limited to the specific details and embodiments shown and described herein.

Claims

1. A method for coordinating a high and low temperature chamber with a charge / discharge machine for testing the capacity of energy storage cells, applicable to a system including a charge / discharge cabinet, a temperature chamber, a host computer, and the cell under test, wherein the positive and negative terminals of the cell under test are connected to the power circuit of the charge / discharge cabinet, and its surface is equipped with a temperature sensor connected to the temperature acquisition port of the charge / discharge cabinet; the cell under test is entirely placed inside the temperature chamber, characterized in that... Includes the following steps: S1. Send a self-test command to the temperature chamber through the charging and discharging cabinet, and receive the operating status data fed back by the temperature chamber through the charging and discharging cabinet; the self-test command is used to trigger the temperature chamber to perform diagnosis on its key functional components, and the operating status data includes at least one of the following: compressor operating status, heater operating status, refrigerant pressure status, temperature sensor reading inside the chamber, and fan operating status. The charging and discharging cabinet determines whether the temperature chamber is normal based on the operating status data; if it is determined to be abnormal, the charging and discharging cabinet prohibits the activation of its own testing function; if it is determined to be normal, the charging and discharging cabinet forwards the target temperature from the host computer to the temperature chamber. S2. The temperature chamber adjusts its internal ambient temperature to the target temperature according to the target temperature, and maintains the temperature at a constant temperature for a first preset time after reaching the target temperature. During the constant temperature maintenance period, the charging and discharging cabinet continuously acquires the surface temperature of the tested battery cell. When the difference between the surface temperature and the target temperature is within a preset temperature error range for a continuous second preset time, the charging and discharging cabinet sends a test ready signal to the host computer, and the host computer sends a start command to the charging and discharging cabinet. S3. After receiving the start command from the host computer, the charging and discharging cabinet performs a charging and discharging test according to a preset program. During the test, a linked safety monitoring is implemented: if the charging and discharging cabinet detects that the communication interruption between itself and the temperature chamber lasts for a third preset duration, it controls to suspend the charging and discharging test; if the charging and discharging cabinet detects that the cell voltage exceeds a preset voltage threshold, the cell current exceeds a preset current threshold, or the cell surface temperature exceeds a preset temperature threshold, it controls to disconnect the test circuit; if the charging and discharging cabinet receives a device fault code from the temperature chamber, it controls to stop the test and records the code.

2. The method as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The first preset duration ranges from 30 min to 60 min; the second preset duration ranges from 60 s to 180 s; the preset temperature error ranges from -2℃ to +2℃; and the third preset duration ranges from 3 s to 10 s.

3. The method as described in claim 1, characterized in that, When recording the equipment fault code, the charging and discharging cabinet simultaneously records the test step number, cell voltage, cell current, and cell surface temperature data at the time of the fault occurrence; the host computer can retrieve the above data to generate a fault analysis report.

4. The method as described in claim 1, characterized in that, After the test program is completed, the charging and discharging cabinet uploads a test data package containing voltage-time series, current-time series, cell surface temperature-time series and corresponding timestamp ambient temperature data of the temperature chamber to the host computer; the host computer automatically generates a test report containing capacity calculation results based on a preset template.

5. A battery cell capacity testing and commissioning system for performing the method according to any one of claims 1-4, characterized in that, Includes charging and discharging cabinet, temperature chamber, and host computer; The charging / discharging cabinet and the temperature chamber are connected via a first communication network; the charging / discharging cabinet and the host computer are connected via a second communication network; the temperature chamber and the host computer are connected via the second communication network; the charging / discharging cabinet includes a first controller, a power circuit, and a temperature sensor for collecting the surface temperature of the battery cells; the temperature chamber includes a second controller, an environmental temperature control unit, and a sensing and diagnostic module for monitoring the status inside the chamber and the status of its own equipment. The host computer has a control module, which includes: The test program editing module is used to edit the test process, which includes charging and discharging current, voltage cutoff value, and number of cycles; An environmental parameter setting module is used to set the target temperature and the first preset duration; The data monitoring module is used to display and record voltage and current data from the charging and discharging cabinet and ambient temperature data from the temperature chamber in real time.

6. The energy storage cell capacity testing and debugging system as described in claim 5, characterized in that, The control module also includes a task scheduling module, which is configured to: receive multiple test task queues, each task being associated with a preset charge / discharge channel and a temperature chamber zone; dynamically monitor the progress and status of each task; when multiple tasks need to use the same temperature zone, sort and schedule them according to a preset priority strategy or time window strategy, and issue waiting or execution instructions to the corresponding charge / discharge cabinets to avoid temperature chamber instruction conflicts.

7. The energy storage cell capacity testing and debugging system as described in claim 6, characterized in that, The task scheduling module has a pre-set or dynamically learned model of the estimated time consumption for switching between temperature zones of the incubator. When scheduling tasks, the scheduling module not only determines whether a temperature zone is occupied, but also predicts the temperature of the temperature zone after the currently occupied task ends, and calculates the estimated time required to switch to the target temperature of the next task. The scheduling module uses the estimated time as a key cost factor and incorporates it into the scheduling decision, prioritizing tasks with similar target temperatures or short switching times to minimize the idle time of the temperature zone.

8. The energy storage cell capacity testing and debugging system as described in claim 7, characterized in that, The task scheduling module is configured to perform multi-objective scheduling decisions; The task scheduling module generates a set of scheduling parameters for each task to be scheduled. These scheduling parameters include the estimated temperature switching time parameter, the task priority parameter, the cumulative waiting time parameter, the load balancing impact parameter, and the cell status compliance parameter. The estimated temperature switching time parameter is calculated using the estimated time consumption model; the task priority parameter is assigned a value based on the urgency level of the task, with the urgency level ranging from an integer of 1 to 5; the cumulative waiting time parameter is calculated based on the time the task enters the scheduling queue; the load balancing impact parameter is obtained by calculating the standard deviation change in the number of tasks in all temperature zones after the task is allocated to each candidate temperature zone; the cell status compliance parameter is determined as follows: when the current surface temperature of the cell of the task is within the process requirement range of the target temperature range, the parameter is 0; when the current surface temperature of the cell is not within the process requirement range, the parameter is 100. The task scheduling module calculates the comprehensive scheduling score for each scheduled task for each candidate temperature zone using the following linear weighted formula: S=w1×P t +w2×P p +w3×P w +w4×P b +w5×P c ; Where S is the comprehensive scheduling score; P t Here, w1 represents the estimated temperature switching time parameter, and P is the value of P. t The corresponding weighting coefficient, w1, ranges from 0.1 to 0.

5. P p Let w2 be the task priority parameter, and w2 be P. p The corresponding weighting coefficient, w2, ranges from 0.2 to 0.

6. P w Let w3 be the cumulative waiting time parameter, and P be the value of w3. w The corresponding weighting coefficient, w3, ranges from 0.1 to 0.

4. P b Here are the load balancing impact parameters, and w4 is P. b The corresponding weighting coefficient, w4, ranges from 0.1 to 0.

3. P c For the cell status compliance parameters, w5 is P. c The corresponding weighting coefficient, w5, ranges from 0.2 to 0.

8. The task scheduling module selects the task with the highest comprehensive scheduling score and the temperature zone pairing scheme, and performs resource allocation. After the task is actually executed, the task scheduling module records the actual switching time from the issuance of the scheduling command to the temperature chamber reaching the target temperature; the task scheduling module calculates the deviation between the actual switching time and the estimated temperature switching time parameter used in this scheduling; when the deviation of 3 to 10 consecutive tasks exceeds 15% to 30%, the task scheduling module starts parameter calibration of the estimated time consumption model.

9. The energy storage cell capacity testing and debugging system as described in claim 5, characterized in that, The charging and discharging cabinet has a multi-channel architecture, capable of simultaneously executing independent test programs on multiple battery cells; the temperature chamber has a structure with independent temperature zones; the host computer is configured to send corresponding test programs to different charging and discharging channels and send temperature commands to the corresponding temperature zones of the temperature chamber; the charging and discharging cabinet is also configured to: continuously receive real-time temperature data fed back by the temperature chamber during the process of adjusting the ambient temperature of the temperature chamber; compare the real-time temperature data with a preset temperature-time change curve; if the real-time temperature data deviates from the change curve by more than a preset deviation threshold, send a temperature adjustment anomaly warning to the host computer.

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