Railway underpass automatic detection device

Abstract

The present application relates to the technical field of automatic detection of side bearing, and particularly relates to a railway lower side bearing automatic detection device. The device comprises a workbench, a control screen installed on the workbench, a support frame fixedly connected to the workbench, a lifting oil cylinder installed on the support frame, a lifting plate fixedly connected to the telescopic part of the lifting oil cylinder, two fixed oil cylinders symmetrically distributed and installed on the lifting plate, two limiting blocks symmetrically distributed and slidably connected to the lifting plate, and pressure sensors symmetrically distributed and installed on the lifting plate. The two limiting blocks are used to limit the two sides of the elastic body. When the elastic body is deformed due to long-term use and uneven stress during disassembly, the forces borne by the two pressure sensors are different, so as to prompt the operator that the elastic body is unqualified in installation and quality, and to shorten the subsequent detection steps of the lower side bearing and improve the detection efficiency of the lower side bearing.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of automated inspection technology for railway undercarriages, and more particularly to an automated inspection device for railway undercarriages. Background Technology

[0002] The lower side bearing on a railway freight car bogie is a critical load-bearing and vibration-damping component, and its performance directly affects driving safety. The lower side bearing is usually composed of a bearing seat, an elastomer, rollers, and other components. During long-term use, the elastomer may undergo plastic deformation or performance degradation due to fatigue, aging, or uneven stress, causing the size and height difference of the entire lower side bearing to exceed the standard range, affecting the stability of the train. Therefore, it is crucial to regularly inspect, maintain, or replace the lower side bearing. Existing equipment automates the inspection of the lower side bearing by intelligently loading, disassembling, inspecting, and unloading the lower side bearing.

[0003] Currently, the inspection of lower side bearings typically includes the overall dimensional inspection of the lower side bearing and the individual inspection of internal components such as elastomers and rollers. This process often involves the disassembly and assembly of the lower side bearing. However, the existing methods for disassembling, assembling, and inspecting lower side bearings have significant shortcomings: the elastomer undergoes different deformations at various points during long-term use, and even if the elastomer has a uniform density, it may become misaligned during installation due to uneven pressure caused by impurities (such as sludge and oil) within the bearing seat. After disassembling and assembling the elastomer, it is impossible to determine whether the elastomer is centered, and an overall inspection is required to determine whether the elastomer is centered. If the elastomer is not centered, it must be disassembled and inspected individually again, and then reassembled and inspected as a whole. This process is repeated, and the required inspection steps are extremely cumbersome, which seriously affects the efficiency of lower side bearing inspection. Summary of the Invention

[0004] In order to overcome the shortcomings mentioned in the background art, the present invention provides an automated detection device for railway underbearings.

[0005] The technical solution is as follows: An automated detection device for railway underbearings includes a workbench, with a feeder and a feeder respectively installed on both sides of the workbench. A control panel is installed on the workbench, and a measuring component for detecting the dimensions of the underbearings is installed on the workbench. A support frame is fixedly connected to the workbench, and a lifting cylinder is installed on the support frame. A lifting plate that is slidably connected to the support frame is fixedly connected to the telescopic part of the lifting cylinder. Two symmetrically distributed fixed cylinders are installed on the lifting plate, and symmetrically distributed limit blocks are slidably connected to the lifting plate. Symmetrically distributed pressure sensors are installed on the lifting plate, and a first elastic element is fixedly connected between the limit block and the adjacent pressure sensor.

[0006] Furthermore, the workbench is fixedly connected to a limiting plate located below the lifting plate, the limiting plate is slidably connected to symmetrically distributed positioning plates, and a second elastic element is fixedly connected between the positioning plates and the limiting plate.

[0007] Furthermore, the telescopic part of the fixed cylinder is fixedly connected to a connecting plate, the connecting plate is provided with a push rod, and the connecting plate is slidably connected to symmetrically distributed clamping plates.

[0008] Furthermore, the clamps symmetrically distributed on the same connecting plate are connected by a common threaded rod, and the two threaded rods are transmitted through a transmission component, with one of the threaded rods fixedly connected to a knob.

[0009] Furthermore, the threaded rod is provided with two symmetrically distributed threads, and the corresponding threads on the two threaded rods have the same direction of rotation.

[0010] Furthermore, the top rod is slidably connected to the adjacent connecting plate, and a third elastic element is fixedly connected between the top rod and the adjacent connecting plate. One of the top rods is fixedly connected to a first pressure block, and the other top rod is fixedly connected to a second pressure block. The lifting plate is slidably connected to a sliding frame, and the sliding frame is fixedly connected to two symmetrically distributed extrusion heads. The two extrusion heads are respectively used to extrude the first pressure block and the second pressure block. The lifting plate is equipped with an electrically controlled push rod, and the telescopic part of the electrically controlled push rod is fixedly connected to the sliding frame.

[0011] Furthermore, the contact surface between the second pressure block and the adjacent extrusion head is a raised surface, while the contact surface between the first pressure block and the adjacent extrusion head is a flat surface.

[0012] Furthermore, the workbench is equipped with a pusher cylinder, and a cleaning block is fixedly connected to the telescopic part of the pusher cylinder. The cleaning block is made of elastic material and is used to feed and clean the lower side bearing.

[0013] Furthermore, several scraper strips are fixed to the surface of the cleaning block.

[0014] Furthermore, the elastic coefficient of the cleaning block is less than the elastic coefficient of the second elastic element between the positioning plate and the limiting plate.

[0015] The beneficial effects are as follows: This invention limits the two sides of the elastomer using two limiting blocks. During the assembly and disassembly of the elastomer, when the deformation distribution becomes uneven due to long-term use and uneven stress, the forces on the two pressure sensors will differ, indicating to the operator that the elastomer is not installed correctly or is of substandard quality. This shortens the subsequent inspection steps of the lower side bearing and improves the inspection efficiency of the lower side bearing. During the assembly and disassembly of the elastomer on the lower side bearing, multiple clamps limit the two sides of the elastomer to reduce the probability of displacement when the elastomer is deformed under pressure, thus ensuring the stability of the elastomer during assembly and disassembly. Furthermore, the distance between the corresponding clamps can be adjusted by the threaded rod to ensure that the corresponding clamps fit tightly against different models of lower side bearings, thus improving the applicability of this device. During the insertion and removal of the elastomer from the side bearing seat, the continuous staggered movement of the two push rods causes the two sides of the elastomer to swing up and down and be inserted into the side bearing seat, so that the elastomer can be inserted into the positioning umbilicus in the center of the side bearing seat, reducing the difficulty of assembling and disassembling the lower side bearing and improving the convenience of assembly and disassembly during the inspection of the lower side bearing. Attached Figure Description

[0016] Figure 1 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the workbench of the present invention; Figure 3 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the support frame of the present invention; Figure 4 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the positioning plate of the present invention; Figure 5 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the limiting block of the present invention; Figure 6 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the connecting plate of the present invention; Figure 7 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the first and second pressure blocks of the present invention; Figure 8 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the cleaning block of the present invention.

[0017] Parts and their numbers in the diagram: 1-Workbench, 101-Feeder, 102-Unloader, 103-Robot, 2-Control Panel, 3-Measuring Platform, 301-Pressure Pressurizer, 302-Lifting Cylinder, 303-Graphite Ruler, 4-Support Frame, 5-Lifting Cylinder, 6-Lifting Plate, 7-Fixed Cylinder, 8-Limit Block, 9-Pressure Sensor, 10-Limit Plate, 11-Positioning Plate, 12-Connecting Plate, 13-Top Rod, 14-Clamping Plate, 15-Threaded Rod, 16-Knob, 17-First Pressure Block, 18-Second Pressure Block, 19-Sliding Frame, 20-Extrusion Head, 21-Electrically Controlled Push Rod, 22-Pushing Cylinder, 23-Cleaning Block, 24-Scraper. Detailed Implementation

[0018] The preferred technical solution of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0019] In existing automated testing lines, after the elastomer is disassembled and reassembled, it cannot be determined whether the elastomer is centered. An overall inspection is required to determine whether the elastomer is centered. If the elastomer is not centered, it needs to be disassembled and inspected separately again, and then reassembled and inspected as a whole for the lower side bearing. This process is repeated, and the required testing steps are extremely cumbersome, which will seriously affect the efficiency of the lower side bearing inspection.

[0020] An automated detection device for railway underbearings, such as Figures 1-5 As shown, the device includes a workbench 1, with a feeder 101 and a feeder 102 on each side. The feeder 102 is equipped with a robotic arm 103. A control panel 2 is mounted on the workbench 1. A measuring assembly for measuring the dimensions of the lower side bearing is also mounted on the workbench 1. The measuring assembly includes a measuring platform 3 fixed to the workbench 1, a pressure device 301 mounted on the measuring platform 3, and a lifting cylinder 302 mounted on the telescopic part of the pressure device 301 via a pressure plate. A linear scale 303 is fixedly connected to the telescopic part of the lifting cylinder 302. The pressure device 301 and the lifting cylinder 302... Both cylinder 302 and grating ruler 303 are electrically connected to control panel 2. A support frame 4 is fixedly attached to workbench 1. Workbench 1 is equipped with an external mechanical gripper used to grip the lower side bearing to support frame 4 and grating ruler 303. Support frame 4 is equipped with a lifting cylinder 5 electrically connected to control panel 2. The telescopic part of lifting cylinder 5 is fixedly connected to a lifting plate 6 slidably connected to support frame 4. The telescopic part of lifting cylinder 5 is used to drive lifting plate 6 to move up and down, so as to press the lower side bearing through lifting plate 6. Lifting plate 6 is equipped with two symmetrically distributed fixed... Fixed cylinders 7 are electrically connected to the control panel 2. The extension parts of the two fixed cylinders 7 extend to clamp the elastic body of the lower side bearing, thus installing the elastic body into the side bearing seat of the lower side bearing. Two symmetrically distributed limiting blocks 8 are slidably connected to the lifting plate 6. The lower side of each limiting block 8 has an inclined surface, causing the distance between the lower parts of the limiting blocks 8 to gradually increase from bottom to top. Two symmetrically distributed pressure sensors 9 are installed on the lifting plate 6. The pressure sensors 9 are electrically connected to the control panel 2. A first elastic element is fixed between the limiting block 8 and the adjacent pressure sensor 9. The elastic element is a compression spring. During the assembly and disassembly of the elastic body, two limiting blocks 8 limit the left and right sides of the elastic body. When the deformation distribution of the left and right parts of the elastic body is uneven due to long-term use and uneven force, the squeezing force generated by the elastic body on the two limiting blocks 8 will be different. This will result in a difference in the force on the two first elastic elements and the two pressure sensors 9, so as to indicate to the operator that the elastic body is not installed properly or that the elastic body is of poor quality. This will shorten the subsequent inspection steps of the lower side bearing and improve the inspection efficiency of the lower side bearing.

[0021] like Figure 4 As shown, the workbench 1 is fixedly connected to a limiting plate 10 located below the lifting plate 6. The limiting plate 10 is slidably connected to two positioning plates 11 that are symmetrically distributed on the left and right. The positioning plates 11 are provided with two inclined surfaces that are symmetrically distributed on the front and back, which are used to hold different types of side bearing seats. A second elastic element is fixedly connected between the positioning plate 11 and the limiting plate 10, wherein the second elastic element is a compression spring.

[0022] like Figure 5 and Figure 6 As shown, the telescopic part of the fixed cylinder 7 is fixedly connected to a connecting plate 12. The connecting plate 12 is provided with a push rod 13. When the telescopic parts of the two fixed cylinders 7 are extended, the push rod 13 presses the elastic body of the side bearing so that the elastic body is deformed to be able to be inserted into the side bearing seat. The connecting plate 12 is slidably connected to a clamping plate 14 that is symmetrically distributed in front and back. The clamping plate 14 is used to limit the front and rear sides of the elastic body to reduce the probability of the elastic body moving to the front and rear sides when it is deformed under pressure, thereby ensuring the stability of the elastic body during disassembly and assembly.

[0023] like Figure 6 As shown, two clamping plates 14 symmetrically distributed on the same connecting plate 12 are threadedly connected to a threaded rod 15. The threaded rod 15 is provided with two symmetrically distributed threads. The two clamping plates 14 are respectively located at two threads on the adjacent threaded rod 15. The corresponding threads on the two threaded rods 15 have the same direction of rotation. The two threaded rods 15 are transmitted to each other through a transmission component. The transmission component consists of two pulleys and a transmission belt. The pulleys are fixedly connected to the adjacent threaded rods 15. The transmission belt is wound around the two pulleys. The left threaded rod 15 passes through the adjacent pulley and is fixedly connected to a knob 16. The rotation of the knob 16 drives the adjacent threaded rod 15 to rotate, and the transmission component makes the two threaded rods 15 rotate synchronously.

[0024] The specific working principle is as follows: When the operator needs to use this device to inspect the lower side bearing, the lower side bearing removed from the freight car bogie is placed on the feeder 101. The feeder 101 transports the lower side bearing to the workbench 1. The operator inspects the appearance of the lower side bearing. Then, the external mechanical grippers place the lower side bearing under the pressure unit 301 and the grating ruler 303. The pressure unit 301, the lifting cylinder 302, and the grating ruler 303 are activated through the control panel 2. The telescopic part of the pressure unit 301 drives the lifting cylinder 302 to move downward through the pressure plate. The telescopic part of the lifting cylinder 302 drives the grating ruler 303 to move, and the overall dimensions of the lower side bearing are inspected. If the lower side bearing fails the inspection, it needs to be disassembled for inspection in order to replace the unqualified parts (elastomers, rollers, etc.).

[0025] When the lower side bearing needs to be disassembled, the external mechanical grippers insert the lower side bearing below the grating ruler 303 into the limiting plate 10. The lower side bearing squeezes the two positioning plates 11, causing the second elastic element to be compressed. After the lower side bearing is inserted to the limit position inside the limiting plate 10, the second elastic element rebounds part of the way, and the two positioning plates 11 press the left and right sides of the upper side bearing seat of the lower side bearing to fix different models of lower side bearings (such as JC, JC-2, JC-3, etc.).

[0026] After the lower side bearing seat is fixed, the rollers of the lower side bearing are removed. The operator activates the lifting cylinder 5 via the control panel 2. The telescopic part of the lifting cylinder 5 drives the lifting plate 6 to move downward. The lifting plate 6 drives the two fixed cylinders 7 to move downward. The telescopic part of the fixed cylinders 7 drives the push rods 13 to move downward via the connecting plate 12, so that the elastic body is located between the two push rods 13. The operator closes the lifting cylinder 5 and activates the two fixed cylinders 7 via the control panel 2. The telescopic parts of the two fixed cylinders 7 extend, causing the connecting plate 12 to drive the push rods 13 to move laterally. The two push rods 13 move in opposite directions and press the elastic body, deforming the elastic body to a state where it can detach from the side bearing seat. The operator closes the two fixed cylinders 7 and activates the lifting cylinder 5 via the control panel 2. The lifting cylinder 5 and the telescopic part of the lifting cylinder 5 drive the two fixed cylinders 7 to move upward through the lifting plate 6. The telescopic part of the fixed cylinders 7 drives the push rod 13 to move upward through the connecting plate 12. The elastic body moves upward and disengages from the side bearing seat. The lifting cylinder 5 is closed and the two fixed cylinders 7 are opened through the control panel 2. The telescopic parts of the two fixed cylinders 7 retract, and the two push rods 13 move in opposite directions. The elastic body disengages from the two push rods 13. The two fixed cylinders 7 are closed through the control panel 2. The operator uses the grating ruler 303 to inspect the elastic body and rollers separately. If they are qualified, the elastic body and rollers need to be installed back into the side bearing seat. If they are not qualified, the elastic body or rollers need to be replaced and the replaced rollers and elastic bodies are installed back into the side bearing seat.

[0027] When it is necessary to reinstall the elastomer back into the side bearing seat, the lifting cylinder 5 and the two fixed cylinders 7 are activated through the control panel 2. The elastomer is placed between the two push rods 13. The telescopic part of the fixed cylinder 7 drives the push rods 13 to move through the connecting plate 12. The two push rods 13 clamp the elastomer. The telescopic part of the lifting cylinder 5 drives the two fixed cylinders 7 to move downward through the lifting plate 6. The telescopic part of the fixed cylinder 7 drives the elastomer to be inserted into the side bearing seat through the connecting plate 12 and the push rods 13. Finally, the roller is installed on the side bearing seat, and the lower side bearing is assembled.

[0028] During the disassembly and assembly of the lower side bearing, with the elastic body positioned between the two fixed hydraulic cylinders 7, two limiting blocks 8 limit the left and right sides of the elastic body. When the deformation distribution of the left and right parts of the elastic body becomes uneven due to long-term use and uneven stress, the pressure sensor 9 is activated through the control panel 2. The difference in the squeezing force generated by the elastic body on the two limiting blocks 8 causes a difference in the force on the two first elastic elements and the two pressure sensors 9, thus detecting the elastic body and indicating to the operator that the elastic body is not installed properly or is of substandard quality. This shortens the subsequent inspection steps of the lower side bearing and improves the inspection efficiency of the lower side bearing.

[0029] Before disassembling and assembling the lower side bearing, the operator turns the knob 16. The rotation of the knob 16 drives the adjacent threaded rod 15 to rotate, and the transmission component makes the two threaded rods 15 rotate synchronously. This changes the distance between the two clamping plates 14 on the same threaded rod 15. The two clamping plates 14 limit the front and rear sides of the elastomer to reduce the probability of the elastomer moving forward and backward when it is compressed and deformed, thereby ensuring the stability of the elastomer during disassembly and assembly.

[0030] After the lower side bearing is inspected and disassembled, the external mechanical gripper picks up the lower side bearing and places it at the grating ruler 303. The grating ruler 303 is used to inspect the lower side bearing (the lower side bearing after the qualified parts are assembled) again. If it fails the inspection, the lower side bearing is repeatedly disassembled and inspected through the above steps. If it passes the inspection, the control panel 2 activates the robot arm 103. The robot arm 103 places the qualified lower side bearing on the feeder 102. The feeder 102 feeds the lower side bearing. The external mechanical gripper puts the qualified lower side bearing back into the freight car bogie. The above steps are repeated to continuously perform automated flow inspection on the lower side bearing. When the device is no longer in use, the operator shuts down the pressure booster 301, lifting cylinder 302, grating ruler 303, lifting cylinder 5, two fixed cylinders 7 and pressure sensor 9 through the control panel 2.

[0031] like Figure 4 and Figure 7 As shown, the push rod 13 is slidably connected to the adjacent connecting plate 12, and a third elastic element is fixedly connected between the push rod 13 and the adjacent connecting plate 12. This third elastic element is an elastic block. Figure 5In the middle, the central axes of the two push rods 13 are collinear. The third elastic element on the left is in a compressed and stored state, while the third elastic element on the right is in an initially uncompressed state. The first pressure block 17 is fixedly connected to the left push rod 13, and the second pressure block 18 is fixedly connected to the right push rod 13. The lifting plate 6 is slidably connected to a sliding frame 19, which is fixedly connected to two symmetrically distributed extrusion heads 20. The two extrusion heads 20 are used to extrude the first pressure block 17 and the second pressure block 18, respectively. The contact surface between the second pressure block 18 and the adjacent extrusion head 20 is a raised surface, while the contact surface between the first pressure block 17 and the adjacent extrusion head 20 is a flat surface. The lifting plate 6 is equipped with an electrically controlled push rod 21 that is electrically connected to the control panel 2. The telescopic part of the electrically controlled push rod 21 is fixedly connected to the sliding frame 19. During the process of inserting or removing the elastic body from the side bearing seat, the operator activates the electrically controlled push rod 2 through the control panel 2. The push rod 21, with its telescopic section, drives the sliding frame 19 to move back and forth. The sliding frame 19, in turn, drives the two extrusion heads 20 to move back and forth. The two extrusion heads 20 first move to the right, causing the left extrusion head 20 to disengage from the first pressure block 17. The right extrusion head 20 then presses against the second pressure block 18. The left third elastic element pops out and drives the adjacent push rod 13 upwards. The right push rod 13 moves downwards, compressing the adjacent third elastic element. Then, the two extrusion heads 20 move to the left, causing the left push rod 13 to move downwards, compressing the adjacent third elastic element. The right third elastic element rebounds, causing the adjacent push rod 13 to move upwards. This process repeats, and through the continuous misalignment of the two push rods 13, the elastic body oscillates up and down on both sides and inserts into the side bearing seat, facilitating the insertion of the elastic body into the positioning dome at the center of the side bearing seat (e.g., ...). Figure 8 As shown in the figure, the cylindrical protrusion at the center of the side bearing seat is the positioning umbilicus. This reduces the difficulty of disassembling and assembling the lower side bearing and improves the convenience of disassembly and assembly during the testing process of the lower side bearing. After the lower side bearing is disassembled and assembled, the electric control push rod 21 is turned off through the control panel 2.

[0032] like Figure 4 and Figure 8As shown, the workbench 1 is equipped with a pusher cylinder 22 electrically connected to the control panel 2. A cleaning block 23 is fixedly connected to the telescopic part of the pusher cylinder 22. The cleaning block 23 is provided with symmetrically distributed inclined surfaces to facilitate the insertion of the cleaning block 23 into the side bearing seat. The cleaning block 23 is made of elastic material and is used to feed and clean the lower side bearing. Several scrapers 24 are fixedly connected to the surface of the cleaning block 23. The elastic coefficient of the cleaning block 23 is less than the elastic coefficient of the second elastic element between the positioning plate 11 and the limiting plate 10, and less than the elastic coefficient of the lower side bearing elastic body. When the elastic body is removed from the side bearing seat, the operator opens the pusher cylinder 22 through the control panel 2. The telescopic part of the pusher cylinder 22 drives the cleaning block 23 to move forward. The cleaning block 23 deforms and drives the scrapers 24 on it to insert into the side bearing seat, removing impurities (such as mud and oil) in the side bearing seat. The dirt is scraped off to reduce the probability of uneven deformation of the elastomer after installation due to the accumulation of impurities, thereby ensuring uniform deformation of the elastomer and improving the use effect of the lower side bearing after inspection and assembly. When the elastomer is inserted into the side bearing seat, the lower side bearing needs to be unloaded. The extension part of the push cylinder 22 extends and squeezes the elastomer, so that the cleaning block 23 deforms to the limit state. As the extension part of the push cylinder 22 moves forward, the second elastic element between the positioning plate 11 and the limit plate 10 is compressed, so that the limit plate 10 moves backward and pushes the lower side bearing out of the positioning plate 11. The external mechanical gripper grabs the lower side bearing to the grating ruler 303 for re-inspection. If it is qualified after inspection, the robot 103 places the qualified lower side bearing in the unloader 102. The unloader 102 unloads the lower side bearing. If it is unqualified, the above steps are repeated to disassemble and inspect the lower side bearing.

[0033] The present application has been described in detail above. Specific examples have been used to illustrate the principles and implementation methods of the present application. The description of the above embodiments is only for the purpose of helping to understand the method and core ideas of the present application. At the same time, for those skilled in the art, there will be changes in the specific implementation methods and application scope based on the ideas of the present application. Therefore, the content of this specification should not be construed as a limitation of the present application.

Claims

1. An automated detection device for railway underbearings, characterized in that, The system includes a workbench (1), with a feeder (101) and a feeder (102) respectively installed on both sides of the workbench (1). A control panel (2) is installed on the workbench (1). A measuring component for detecting the dimensions of the lower side bearing is installed on the workbench (1). The measuring component includes a measuring platform (3) fixed to the workbench (1). A pressure device (301) is installed on the measuring platform (3). A lifting cylinder (302) is installed on the telescopic part of the pressure device (301) through a pressure plate. A grating ruler (303) is fixed to the telescopic part of the lifting cylinder (302). A support frame (4) is fixed to the workbench (1). An external mechanical gripper is provided on the workbench (1). The gripper is used to grip the lower side bearing to the support frame (4) and the grating ruler (303). The support frame (4) is equipped with a lifting cylinder (5). The telescopic part of the lifting cylinder (5) is fixedly connected to a lifting plate (6) that is slidably connected to the support frame (4). The lifting plate (6) is equipped with two symmetrically distributed fixed cylinders (7). The lifting plate (6) is slidably connected with symmetrically distributed limiting blocks (8). The lower side of the limiting block (8) is provided with an inclined surface, so that the distance between the lower parts of the limiting blocks (8) gradually increases from bottom to top. The lifting plate (6) is equipped with symmetrically distributed pressure sensors (9). The limiting block (8) and the adjacent pressure sensor (9) are fixedly connected with a first elastic element. The workbench (1) is fixedly connected to a limiting plate (10) located below the lifting plate (6). The limiting plate (10) is slidably connected to two positioning plates (11) symmetrically distributed on the left and right. The positioning plates (11) are provided with two inclined surfaces symmetrically distributed on the front and back, which are used to hold different types of side bearing seats. A second elastic element is fixedly connected between the positioning plate (11) and the limiting plate (10), wherein the second elastic element is a compression spring. The telescopic part of the fixed cylinder (7) is fixedly connected to a connecting plate (12). The connecting plate (12) is provided with a push rod (13). When the telescopic parts of the two fixed cylinders (7) are extended, the push rod (13) presses the elastic body of the side bearing so that the elastic body is deformed to be able to be inserted into the side bearing seat. The connecting plate (12) is slidably connected to a clamping plate (14) symmetrically distributed in front and back. The clamping plate (14) is used to limit the front and rear sides of the elastic body to reduce the probability of the elastic body moving to the front and rear sides when it is deformed by pressure, thereby ensuring the stability of the elastic body during disassembly and assembly.

2. The automated detection device for railway underbearings according to claim 1, characterized in that, The clamps (14) symmetrically distributed on the same connecting plate (12) are connected by a threaded rod (15). The two threaded rods (15) are driven by a transmission component, and one of the threaded rods (15) is fixedly connected to a knob (16).

3. The automated detection device for railway underbearings according to claim 2, characterized in that, The threaded rod (15) is provided with two symmetrically distributed threads, and the corresponding threads on the two threaded rods (15) have the same direction of rotation.

4. The automated detection device for railway underbearings according to claim 2, characterized in that, The top rod (13) is slidably connected to the adjacent connecting plate (12), and a third elastic element is fixed between the top rod (13) and the adjacent connecting plate (12). One of the top rods (13) is fixedly connected to a first pressure block (17), and the other top rod (13) is fixedly connected to a second pressure block (18). The lifting plate (6) is slidably connected to a sliding frame (19), and the sliding frame (19) is fixedly connected to two symmetrically distributed extrusion heads (20). The two extrusion heads (20) are used to extrude the first pressure block (17) and the second pressure block (18) respectively. The lifting plate (6) is equipped with an electrically controlled push rod (21), and the telescopic part of the electrically controlled push rod (21) is fixedly connected to the sliding frame (19).

5. The automated detection device for railway underbearings according to claim 4, characterized in that, The contact surface between the second pressure block (18) and the adjacent extrusion head (20) is a raised surface, while the contact surface between the first pressure block (17) and the adjacent extrusion head (20) is a flat surface.

6. The automated detection device for railway underbearings according to claim 1, characterized in that, The workbench (1) is equipped with a pusher cylinder (22), and a cleaning block (23) is fixedly connected to the telescopic part of the pusher cylinder (22). The cleaning block (23) is made of elastic material and is used to feed and clean the lower side bearing.

7. The automated detection device for railway underbearings according to claim 6, characterized in that, Several scraper strips (24) are fixed to the surface of the cleaning block (23).

8. The automated detection device for railway underbearings according to claim 7, characterized in that, The elastic coefficient of the cleaning block (23) is less than the elastic coefficient of the second elastic element between the positioning plate (11) and the limiting plate (10).

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