A rockfall protection device at a tunnel entrance and its usage method

Abstract

This invention discloses a rockfall protection device and its usage method at a tunnel entrance, relating to the field of tunnel entrance protection technology. It includes a tunnel structure; an arched protection mechanism disposed at one end of the tunnel structure; a composite buffer mechanism disposed at one end of the tunnel structure; rockfall collection mechanisms disposed on both sides of the tunnel structure; and a rockfall crushing mechanism disposed inside each of the rockfall collection mechanisms. The composite buffer mechanism includes a first component for buffering the falling rocks; and a second component for catching the falling rocks and guiding their falling direction. By setting up the composite buffer mechanism, this invention achieves multiple buffering of the impact kinetic energy generated when rocks fall, and guides the rocks, effectively preventing damage to the protection device body caused by falling rocks, thereby extending the device's service life, effectively preventing rocks from scattering and endangering vehicles, and avoiding the accumulation of rocks on the tunnel entrance road surface.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of tunnel entrance protection technology, specifically to a tunnel entrance rockfall protection device and its usage method. Background Technology

[0002] Tunnel entrances, serving as crucial bottlenecks in mountainous highways and railways, are typically excavated on mountain slopes. Construction and excavation disrupt the original stress balance of the soil and rock mass, creating steep, exposed faces. Under the influence of external factors such as rainfall infiltration, freeze-thaw cycles, seismic activity, and weathering, the rock mass above the tunnel entrance is prone to loosening, rockfalls, and even collapses, leading to rockfall hazards. Rockfalls are characterized by their suddenness, high speed, large impact energy, and unpredictability. Once they fall into the tunnel entrance or roadway, they can easily damage vehicles, disrupt traffic, and damage the tunnel structure, seriously threatening personnel lives and operational safety. This has long been a major safety hazard for tunnels in mountainous areas.

[0003] Existing methods for protecting tunnel entrances from falling rocks mostly involve using wire rope nets combined with anchor bolts and support ropes to flexibly wrap the slope and restrain the weathering and collapse of soil and rock. Alternatively, methods such as open-cut tunnels can be used to protect the entrance area, thereby preventing falling rocks from affecting traffic safety.

[0004] However, the existing rockfall protection devices and methods of use at tunnel entrances have the following shortcomings:

[0005] Existing rockfall protection devices at tunnel entrances lack effective impact kinetic energy buffering structures, resulting in the impact kinetic energy generated by falling rocks being concentrated on the device itself, causing damage to the device. Some rocks may even be ejected onto the road surface at the tunnel entrance, greatly affecting driving safety and failing to meet actual usage requirements.

[0006] Therefore, we propose a rockfall protection device and its usage method for tunnel entrances to solve the problems mentioned above. Summary of the Invention

[0007] The purpose of this invention is to provide a rockfall protection device and its usage method at a tunnel entrance. By setting up a composite buffer mechanism, the device can buffer the impact kinetic energy generated when rocks fall multiple times and guide the rocks, effectively preventing damage to the device body caused by the impact of falling rocks, thereby extending the service life of the device, effectively preventing rocks from shooting out and endangering vehicles in motion, and avoiding the accumulation of rocks on the road surface at the tunnel entrance, thus solving the problems mentioned in the background art.

[0008] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution: a rockfall protection device for tunnel entrances and a method of using it, comprising a tunnel mechanism;

[0009] An arched protective mechanism is installed at one end of the tunnel structure;

[0010] A composite buffer mechanism is provided at one end of the tunnel mechanism, and rock collection mechanisms are provided on both sides of the tunnel mechanism. Each rock collection mechanism is equipped with a rock crushing mechanism inside.

[0011] The composite buffer mechanism includes a first component for buffering falling rocks;

[0012] The second component is used to catch falling rocks and guide their descent direction;

[0013] The third component is used to buffer the entire composite buffer mechanism and quickly reset it.

[0014] Preferably, the first component includes two first mounting parts, both of which are mounted on one end of the tunnel mechanism. A first fixed platform is mounted on the top of the two first mounting parts. Multiple fixed shafts are mounted on one end of the tunnel mechanism. Two buffer plates are rotatably mounted on the outer side of the fixed shafts. A set of dampers is rotatably mounted on the bottom of each buffer plate. One end of each set of dampers is rotatably connected to the first fixed platform. A shock-absorbing spring is sleeved on the outer side of each damper. Multiple first supporting steel bars are mounted on one end of the tunnel mechanism. The multiple first supporting steel bars are located below the first fixed platform.

[0015] Preferably, the second component includes four first connecting frames, the top of every two first connecting frames is rotatably connected to a corresponding buffer plate, and the bottom of the four first connecting frames is rotatably connected to a movable platform, with extension plates rotatably mounted at both ends of the movable platform.

[0016] Preferably, the third component includes two second mounting members, each mounted on one end of the tunnel mechanism. A second fixed platform is mounted on the top of each of the two second mounting members. Two second supporting steel bars are provided at the bottom of the second fixed platform. One end of each of the two second supporting steel bars is fixedly connected to one end of the tunnel mechanism. Two supporting columns are mounted at the bottom of one end of the second fixed platform. Two guide rods are provided on the top of the second fixed platform. A return spring is sleeved on the outer side of each guide rod. Two sliding seats are slidably mounted on the outer side of each guide rod. A second connecting frame is rotatably connected to the top of each sliding seat. One end of each pair of second connecting frames is rotatably connected to a corresponding extension plate.

[0017] Preferably, the rockfall collection mechanism includes two sets of supports, both sets of supports are installed on one side of the tunnel mechanism, one end of each set of supports is equipped with a guide plate, one end of the guide plate is provided with a collection frame, and one side of the collection frame is provided with a discharge trough.

[0018] Preferably, the rock crushing mechanism includes two crushing rollers, both of which are rotatably mounted inside the collection frame. One end of each of the two crushing rollers passes through the collection frame and is connected to a gear. The two gears are meshed together. A protective cover is installed on the outside of the two gears. A protective shell is installed on one side of the protective cover. A drive motor is installed inside the protective shell. The output end of the drive motor passes through the protective cover and is connected to a single gear.

[0019] Preferably, the tunnel structure includes a tunnel entrance base, one end of which is through which the tunnel body is formed, and the top of the tunnel entrance base is provided with multiple concrete steps.

[0020] Preferably, the arched protective mechanism includes two supports, both of which are fixedly installed at one end of the opening base. Multiple arc-shaped frames are installed on the top of the two supports, and multiple connecting steel bars are installed between the multiple arc-shaped frames. Arc-shaped protective plates are installed on the outer side of the multiple arc-shaped frames.

[0021] Preferably, the number of concrete steps is five, and two sets of anchor cable reinforcement are provided between every two concrete steps.

[0022] A method for using a rockfall protection device at a tunnel entrance includes the following steps:

[0023] Step 1: First, confirm the overall length and construction location of the tunnel, and at the same time confirm the specific condition of the nearby mountains. Based on the actual data, pour the tunnel entrance foundation and concrete steps, and use anchor cables and steel bars to anchor the multi-layer concrete steps.

[0024] Step Two: Buffering and Guiding Stage. First, as the gravel falls from the hillside, its impact kinetic energy acts on the buffer plate, causing it to rotate around a fixed axis. Simultaneously, the damper and shock-absorbing spring contract and rebound, initially absorbing the impact force. Next, the rotation of the buffer plate causes the first connecting frame to push the movable platform downwards, causing the extension plate to rotate and unfold, providing secondary buffering for the gravel and guiding the entire gravel to fall to both sides of the tunnel entrance. Then, the downward pressure of the movable platform causes the second connecting frame to push the sliding seat to slide along the guide rod, compressing the return spring and providing tertiary buffering for the impact force of the gravel. When the gravel falls to its end, the return spring rebounds, pushing the composite buffer mechanism to quickly return to its original position.

[0025] Step 3: Rockfall collection stage. First, the falling rocks are buffered by the composite buffer mechanism, reducing the overall impact kinetic energy and allowing them to slide down slowly. Then, the guide plate guides the sliding rocks, causing most of them to fall into the collection box. To prevent the rocks from accumulating and to facilitate later centralized cleaning, the rocks can be removed from the collection box through the discharge chute for centralized transportation and cleaning.

[0026] Step 4: Rock crushing stage. First, larger stones fall into the collection box, which can easily cause blockage. At this time, the drive motor is started, which drives a single gear to rotate, causing two gears to rotate synchronously and drive the corresponding crushing roller to rotate, thereby crushing the stones into smaller particles and preventing blockage of the collection box.

[0027] Step 5: Final protection stage. First, some smaller gravel particles falling and scattering may cause harm to vehicles entering the tunnel. At this time, the smaller gravel particles are blocked by the arc-shaped protective plate to prevent them from affecting driving safety. Then, due to the arched design of the arc-shaped protective plate, the blocked gravel particles slide down along both sides of the arc-shaped protective plate and will not accumulate on the road surface entering the tunnel, further ensuring the safety of passing vehicles.

[0028] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are:

[0029] 1. This invention, by setting up a composite buffer mechanism, can buffer the impact kinetic energy generated when gravel falls multiple times and guide the gravel, effectively preventing the impact of falling gravel from damaging the protective device itself, thereby extending the service life of the device, effectively preventing gravel from shooting out and harming vehicles in motion, and avoiding the accumulation of gravel on the road surface at the tunnel entrance, thus meeting the actual use requirements.

[0030] 2. This invention, by setting up a rockfall collection mechanism, guides the falling rocks from the hillside to slide into a designated area and collects them, effectively preventing rocks from accumulating on the road surface, ensuring driving safety, and facilitating centralized cleanup of the rocks, thereby improving safety and reducing the difficulty of subsequent maintenance.

[0031] 3. By setting up a rock crushing mechanism, the present invention can crush the rocks collected by the rock collection mechanism, effectively preventing large rocks from clogging the rock collection mechanism. At the same time, it facilitates the subsequent cleaning of the accumulated rocks, effectively reducing the processing difficulty, improving the overall work efficiency, and saving the later operation and maintenance costs. Attached Figure Description

[0032] Figure 1 This is a perspective view of the main structure of a tunnel entrance rockfall protection device and its usage method according to the present invention;

[0033] Figure 2 This is a side view perspective view of a rockfall protection device and its usage method at a tunnel entrance according to the present invention.

[0034] Figure 3 This is an enlarged perspective view of the tunnel mechanism in the tunnel entrance rockfall protection device and its usage method of the present invention;

[0035] Figure 4 This is an exploded and enlarged perspective view of a portion of the structure of a tunnel entrance rockfall protection device and its usage method according to the present invention.

[0036] Figure 5 This is an enlarged perspective view of the composite buffer mechanism in a tunnel entrance rockfall protection device and its usage method according to the present invention.

[0037] Figure 6 This is an enlarged perspective view of the rockfall collection mechanism in a tunnel entrance rockfall protection device and its usage method according to the present invention;

[0038] Figure 7 This is an enlarged perspective view of the rockfall crushing mechanism in a tunnel entrance rockfall protection device and its usage method according to the present invention.

[0039] Figure 8 The image shows an enlarged perspective view of an arched protective mechanism for a tunnel entrance rockfall protection device and its usage method, as described in this invention.

[0040] In the diagram: 1. Tunnel structure; 101. Tunnel entrance base; 102. Tunnel body; 103. Concrete step; 2. Composite buffer mechanism; 201. First mounting component; 202. First fixed platform; 203. Fixed shaft; 204. Buffer plate; 205. Damper; 206. Shock-absorbing spring; 207. First supporting reinforcement; 208. First connecting frame; 209. Movable platform; 210. Extension plate; 211. Second fixed platform; 212. Second mounting component; 213. Second supporting reinforcement; 214. Support 215. Support column; 216. Guide rod; 217. Return spring; 218. Sliding seat; 219. Second connecting frame; 3. Rock collection mechanism; 301. Support; 302. Guide plate; 303. Collection frame; 304. Discharge trough; 4. Rock crushing mechanism; 401. Crushing roller; 402. Gear; 403. Protective cover; 404. Protective shell; 405. Drive motor; 5. Arched protective mechanism; 501. Support; 502. Arc frame; 503. Connecting steel bar; 504. Arc protective plate; 6. Anchor cable steel bar. Detailed Implementation

[0041] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of them. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0042] Example 1, please refer to the appendix. Figure 1 -Appendix Figure 8 As shown, the present invention provides a technical solution: a rockfall protection device at a tunnel entrance, comprising a tunnel mechanism 1;

[0043] Arch-shaped protective mechanism 5 is installed at one end of tunnel mechanism 1;

[0044] A composite buffer mechanism 2 is provided at one end of the tunnel mechanism 1, and rockfall collection mechanisms 3 are provided on both sides of the tunnel mechanism 1. Each rockfall collection mechanism 3 is equipped with a rockfall crushing mechanism 4 inside.

[0045] The composite buffer mechanism 2 includes a first component for buffering falling rocks;

[0046] The second component is used to catch falling rocks and guide their descent direction;

[0047] The third component buffers and quickly resets the composite buffer mechanism 2. Through the combination of the composite buffer mechanism 2, the rockfall collection mechanism 3, and the rockfall crushing mechanism 4, a highly efficient and coordinated rockfall buffering and collection system is formed. The composite buffer mechanism 2 primarily absorbs and dissipates the impact kinetic energy generated during the repeated, progressive absorption of falling rocks, effectively mitigating the direct impact on the device body. Simultaneously, this mechanism guides the falling rocks in an orderly manner, preventing them from splashing haphazardly or deviating from their trajectory. This multi-stage buffering and guiding mechanism significantly reduces the risk of structural fatigue and damage caused by repeated impacts, effectively extending the service life of the entire protective device. It also effectively prevents rocks from scattering after impact, thus avoiding potential threats to vehicles and pedestrians below, and greatly improving road safety. Furthermore, the design of the rockfall collection mechanism 3 allows the falling rocks to be precisely guided and collected in a designated area, facilitating subsequent unified removal and processing. This greatly simplifies daily maintenance and operation management processes, reducing the complexity and manpower required for maintenance. Meanwhile, the rock crushing mechanism 4 performs preliminary crushing of the rocks before they enter the collection stage, crushing larger or irregularly shaped rocks into smaller particles. This effectively prevents large rocks from causing blockages in the collection channel or container, thereby further reducing the difficulty of operation and facilitating subsequent cleaning operations. It significantly saves labor and time costs and improves the overall system's operating efficiency and sustainability.

[0048] according to Figure 1 , Figure 2 and Figure 5As shown, the first component includes two first mounting parts 201, both of which are installed at one end of the tunnel mechanism 1. A first fixed platform 202 is installed on the top of the two first mounting parts 201. Multiple fixed shafts 203 are installed at one end of the tunnel mechanism 1. Two buffer plates 204 are rotatably installed on the outer side of the fixed shafts 203. A set of dampers 205 is rotatably installed at the bottom of each buffer plate 204. One end of each set of dampers 205 is rotatably connected to the first fixed platform 202. A shock-absorbing spring 206 is sleeved on the outer side of each damper 205. Multiple first supporting steel bars 207 are installed at one end of the tunnel mechanism 1. The multiple first supporting steel bars 207 are located below the first fixed platform 202. Through the arrangement of the first component in the composite buffer mechanism 2, a preliminary buffering effect can be implemented on the crushed rocks falling from a height. The first component features a structural design with excellent energy absorption and dispersion capabilities. It can effectively slow down the falling speed of the crushed stone upon contact, thereby significantly reducing the impact kinetic energy accumulated by the crushed stone due to gravitational acceleration. This buffering mechanism not only helps prevent structural damage caused by direct impact of crushed stone onto the main body of the device, but also significantly reduces the instantaneous load on the overall equipment during operation, avoiding fatigue failure caused by repeated impacts. This not only improves the operational safety and stability of the entire device under complex working conditions, but also significantly extends the service life of key components and the entire machine, reducing maintenance frequency and operating costs.

[0049] according to Figure 1 , Figure 2 and Figure 5 As shown, the second component includes four first connecting frames 208. The top of every two first connecting frames 208 is rotatably connected to a corresponding buffer plate 204. The bottom of the four first connecting frames 208 is rotatably connected to a movable platform 209. Extension plates 210 are rotatably installed at both ends of the movable platform 209. Through the setting of the second component in the composite buffer mechanism 2, the falling gravel can be buffered in two stages, further absorbing and reducing the impact kinetic energy, and guiding the gravel to slide to a designated area, avoiding the accumulation of gravel on the road surface at the tunnel entrance, and further improving safety.

[0050] according to Figure 1 , Figure 2 and Figure 5As shown, the third component includes two second mounting members 212, each mounted at one end of the tunnel mechanism 1. A second fixing frame 211 is mounted on the top of each mounting member 212. Two second supporting steel bars 213 are provided at the bottom of the second fixing frame 211, with one end of each supporting steel bar 213 fixedly connected to one end of the tunnel mechanism 1. Two supporting columns 214 are mounted at the bottom of one end of the second fixing frame 211. Two guide rods 215 are provided on the top of the second fixing frame 211. Each guide rod 215... Each guide rod 215 is fitted with a return spring 216 on its outer side. Two sliding seats 217 are slidably installed on the outer side of each guide rod 215. A second connecting frame 218 is rotatably connected to the top of each sliding seat 217. One end of each pair of second connecting frames 218 is rotatably connected to a corresponding extension plate 210. Through the setting of the third component in the composite buffer mechanism 2, the falling gravel can be buffered in three stages, further absorbing and reducing the impact kinetic energy. At the same time, it assists the composite buffer mechanism 2 as a whole to quickly reset and maintain the overall operational stability of the device.

[0051] according to Figure 1 , Figure 2 , Figure 6 and Figure 7 As shown, the rockfall collection mechanism 3 includes two sets of supports 301, both sets of supports 301 are installed on one side of the tunnel mechanism 1, and a guide plate 302 is installed at one end of each set of supports 301. A collection frame 303 is provided at the bottom of one end of the guide plate 302. A discharge chute 304 is provided through one side of the collection frame 303. By setting up the rockfall collection mechanism 3, the falling rocks on the hillside can be guided to slide into the designated area and collected. This effectively prevents the rocks from accumulating on the road surface, ensures driving safety, and facilitates centralized cleaning of the rocks, effectively improving safety and reducing the difficulty of subsequent operation and maintenance.

[0052] according to Figure 1 , Figure 2 , Figure 6 and Figure 7As shown, the rock crushing mechanism 4 includes two crushing rollers 401, both of which are rotatably mounted inside the collection frame 303. One end of each crushing roller 401 passes through the collection frame 303 and is connected to a gear 402. The two gears 402 are meshed together. A protective cover 403 is installed on the outside of the two gears 402. A protective shell 404 is installed on one side of the protective cover 403. A drive motor 405 is installed inside the protective shell 404. The output end of the drive motor 405 passes through the protective cover 403 and is connected to a single gear 402. By setting up the rock crushing mechanism 4, the crushed stones collected by the rock collection mechanism 3 can be crushed, effectively preventing larger stones from clogging the rock collection mechanism 3. At the same time, it is convenient to clean up the accumulated crushed stones, effectively reducing the processing difficulty, improving the overall work efficiency, and saving the later maintenance costs.

[0053] according to Figure 1 , Figure 2 , Figure 3 and Figure 4 As shown, the tunnel structure 1 includes a tunnel entrance base 101, with a tunnel body 102 extending through one end of the tunnel entrance base 101. Multiple concrete steps 103 are provided on the top of the tunnel entrance base 101. By setting up the tunnel structure 1, the overall stability of the tunnel entrance can be improved in a stepped manner, and the mountain in the tunnel entrance area can be reinforced, effectively reducing the probability of falling rocks and improving safety.

[0054] according to Figure 1 and Figure 8 As shown, the arched protective mechanism 5 includes two supports 501, both of which are fixedly installed at one end of the tunnel entrance base 101. Multiple arc-shaped frames 502 are installed on the top of the two supports 501, and multiple connecting steel bars 503 are installed between the multiple arc-shaped frames 502. Arc-shaped protective plates 504 are installed on the outside of the multiple arc-shaped frames 502. By setting up the arched protective mechanism 5, the tunnel entrance can be given final protection, effectively preventing the falling or ejection of gravel particles from damaging passing vehicles, thereby further improving safety.

[0055] according to Figure 1 , Figure 2 , Figure 3 and Figure 4 As shown, there are five concrete steps 103. Two sets of anchor cables 6 are installed between every two concrete steps 103. By setting the anchor cables 6, the overall strength of the tunnel structure 1 can be improved, the probability of tunnel deformation and collapse and other accidents can be reduced, thereby improving safety.

[0056] Example 2, please refer to Figure 1-8As shown, in the practical application of tunnel entrance protection, this invention is based on a protection method for rockfall protection devices at tunnel entrances, specifically including the following steps:

[0057] Step 1: First, confirm the overall length and construction location of the tunnel, and at the same time confirm the specific condition of the nearby mountain. Based on the actual data, pour the tunnel entrance base 101 and concrete steps 103, and use anchor cable steel bars 6 to anchor the multi-layer concrete steps 103.

[0058] Step Two: Buffering and Guiding Stage. First, when the gravel from the hillside falls, its impact kinetic energy acts on the buffer plate 204, causing it to rotate around the fixed shaft 203. The angle of rotation of the buffer plate 204 is determined by the kinetic energy impact of the falling gravel, and does not exceed ninety degrees. At the same time, the damper 205 and the shock-absorbing spring 206 contract and rebound, initially absorbing the impact force. Next, the rotation of the buffer plate 204 causes the first connecting frame 208 to push the movable platform 209 down, causing the extension plate 210 to rotate and unfold, providing secondary buffering for the gravel and guiding the entire gravel to fall to both sides of the tunnel entrance. Then, the downward pressure of the movable platform 209 causes the second connecting frame 218 to push the sliding seat 217 to slide along the guide rod 215, compressing the return spring 216 to contract, providing tertiary buffering for the impact force of the gravel. When the gravel falls to an end, the return spring 216 rebounds, pushing the composite buffer mechanism 2 to quickly return to its original position.

[0059] Step 3: Rockfall collection stage. First, the falling rocks are buffered by the composite buffer mechanism 2, reducing the overall impact kinetic energy and causing them to slide down slowly. Then, the guide plate 302 guides the sliding rocks, causing most of them to fall into the collection frame 303. To prevent the rocks from accumulating and to facilitate later centralized cleaning, the rocks can be removed from the collection frame 303 through the discharge chute 304 for centralized transportation and cleaning.

[0060] Step 4: Rock crushing stage. First, larger stones fall into the collection frame 303, which can easily cause blockage. At this time, the drive motor 405 is started, which drives a single gear 402 to rotate, causing two gears 402 to rotate synchronously and drive the corresponding crushing roller 401 to rotate, thereby crushing the stones into smaller particles and preventing the collection frame 303 from becoming blocked.

[0061] Step 5: Final protection stage. First, some smaller gravel particles falling and scattering may cause harm to vehicles entering the tunnel body 102. At this time, the smaller gravel particles are blocked by the arc-shaped protective plate 504 to prevent them from affecting driving safety. Then, due to the arched design of the arc-shaped protective plate 504, the blocked gravel particles slide down along both sides of the arc-shaped protective plate 504 and will not accumulate on the road surface entering the tunnel body 102, further ensuring the safety of passing vehicles.

[0062] By following the instructions above, you can complete the use of the rockfall protection device at the tunnel entrance.

[0063] Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art can still modify the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments or make equivalent substitutions for some of the technical features. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A rockfall protection device for tunnel entrances, characterized in that: Including tunneling mechanisms (1); An arched protective mechanism (5) is installed at one end of the tunnel mechanism (1); One end of the tunnel mechanism (1) is provided with a composite buffer mechanism (2), and both sides of the tunnel mechanism (1) are provided with rock collection mechanisms (3), and each of the rock collection mechanisms (3) is provided with a rock crushing mechanism (4). The composite buffer mechanism (2) includes a first component for buffering falling rocks; The second component is used to catch falling rocks and guide their descent direction; The third component is used to buffer and quickly reset the composite buffer mechanism (2) as a whole.

2. The tunnel entrance rockfall protection device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The first component includes two first mounting parts (201), both of which are mounted on one end of the tunnel mechanism (1). A first fixed frame (202) is mounted on the top of the two first mounting parts (201). A plurality of fixed shafts (203) are mounted on one end of the tunnel mechanism (1). Two buffer plates (204) are rotatably mounted on the outside of the fixed shafts (203). A set of dampers (205) is rotatably mounted on the bottom of each buffer plate (204). One end of each set of dampers (205) is rotatably connected to the first fixed frame (202). A shock-absorbing spring (206) is sleeved on the outside of each damper (205). A plurality of first supporting steel bars (207) are mounted on one end of the tunnel mechanism (1). The plurality of first supporting steel bars (207) are located below the first fixed frame (202).

3. The tunnel entrance rockfall protection device according to claim 2, characterized in that: The second component includes four first connecting frames (208), the top of each pair of first connecting frames (208) is rotatably connected to a corresponding buffer plate (204), and the bottom of the four first connecting frames (208) is rotatably connected to a movable platform (209), with extension plates (210) rotatably mounted at both ends of the movable platform (209).

4. The tunnel entrance rockfall protection device according to claim 3, characterized in that: The third component includes two second mounting parts (212), both of which are installed at one end of the tunnel mechanism (1). A second fixed platform (211) is installed on the top of the two second mounting parts (212). Two second supporting steel bars (213) are provided at the bottom of the second fixed platform (211). One end of the two second supporting steel bars (213) is fixedly connected to one end of the tunnel mechanism (1). Two supporting columns (214) are installed at the bottom of one end of the second fixed platform (211). Two guide rods (215) are provided on the top of the second fixed platform (211). A return spring (216) is sleeved on the outside of each guide rod (215). Two sliding seats (217) are slidably installed on the outside of each guide rod (215). A second connecting frame (218) is rotatably connected to the top of each sliding seat (217). One end of each pair of second connecting frames (218) is rotatably connected to a corresponding extension plate (210).

5. The tunnel entrance rockfall protection device according to claim 4, characterized in that: The rockfall collection mechanism (3) includes two sets of supports (301). Both sets of supports (301) are installed on one side of the tunnel mechanism (1). A guide plate (302) is installed at one end of each set of supports (301). A collection frame (303) is provided at the bottom of one end of the guide plate (302). A discharge trough (304) is provided through one side of the collection frame (303).

6. The tunnel entrance rockfall protection device according to claim 5, characterized in that: The rock crushing mechanism (4) includes two crushing rollers (401), both of which are rotatably mounted inside the collection frame (303). One end of each of the two crushing rollers (401) passes through the collection frame (303) and is connected to a gear (402). The two gears (402) are meshed together. A protective cover (403) is installed on the outside of the two gears (402). A protective shell (404) is installed on one side of the protective cover (403). A drive motor (405) is installed inside the protective shell (404). The output end of the drive motor (405) passes through the protective cover (403) and is connected to a single gear (402).

7. The tunnel entrance rockfall protection device according to claim 6, characterized in that: The tunnel structure (1) includes a tunnel entrance base (101), one end of which is through which a tunnel body (102) is opened, and the top of the tunnel entrance base (101) is provided with multiple concrete steps (103).

8. The tunnel entrance rockfall protection device according to claim 7, characterized in that: The arched protective mechanism (5) includes two supports (501), both supports (501) are fixedly installed at one end of the opening base (101), multiple arc-shaped frames (502) are installed on the top of the two supports (501), multiple connecting steel bars (503) are installed between the multiple arc-shaped frames (502), and arc-shaped protective plates (504) are installed on the outside of the multiple arc-shaped frames (502).

9. The tunnel entrance rockfall protection device according to claim 8, characterized in that: The number of concrete steps (103) is five, and two sets of anchor cable reinforcement (6) are provided between every two concrete steps (103).

10. A method of using a rockfall protection device at a tunnel entrance, characterized in that: The tunnel entrance rockfall protection device according to any one of claims 1-9 includes the following steps: S1. First, confirm the overall length and construction location of the tunnel, and at the same time confirm the specific condition of the nearby mountain. Based on the actual data, pour the tunnel entrance base (101) and concrete steps (103), and use anchor cables (6) to anchor the multi-layer concrete steps (103). S2. Buffering and guiding stage: First, when the gravel on the hillside falls, the impact kinetic energy of the gravel acts on the buffer plate (204), causing the buffer plate (204) to rotate around the fixed shaft (203). At the same time, the damper (205) and the shock absorber spring (206) contract and rebound, initially absorbing the impact force. Then, the rotation of the buffer plate (204) causes the first connecting frame (208) to push the movable platform (209) down, causing the extension plate (210) to rotate and unfold, providing secondary buffering for the gravel and guiding the gravel to fall to both sides of the tunnel entrance. Then, the movable platform (209) presses down, causing the second connecting frame (218) to push the sliding seat (217) to slide along the guide rod (215), squeezing the return spring (216) to contract, providing tertiary buffering for the impact force of the gravel. When the gravel falls to an end, the return spring (216) rebounds, pushing the composite buffer mechanism (2) to quickly reset as a whole. S3. In the rockfall collection stage, firstly, the falling rocks are buffered by the composite buffer mechanism (2), reducing the overall impact kinetic energy and causing them to slide down slowly. Then, the guide plate (302) guides the sliding rocks, causing most of the rocks to fall into the collection frame (303). In order to prevent the rocks from accumulating and facilitate later centralized cleaning, the rocks can be removed from the collection frame (303) through the discharge chute (304) for centralized transport and cleaning. S4. In the rock crushing stage, firstly, larger stones fall into the collection box (303), which can easily cause the collection box (303) to become clogged. At this time, the drive motor (405) is started, and the drive motor (405) drives a single gear (402) to rotate, causing the two gears (402) to rotate synchronously and drive the corresponding crushing roller (401) to rotate, thereby crushing the fallen stones and breaking them into smaller particles to avoid clogging of the collection box (303). S5. Final protection stage: First, some smaller gravel particles falling and shooting out may cause harm to vehicles entering the tunnel body (102). At this time, the smaller gravel particles are blocked by the arc-shaped protective plate (504) to prevent the gravel particles from affecting driving safety. Then, due to the arched design of the arc-shaped protective plate (504), the blocked gravel particles slide down along both sides of the arc-shaped protective plate (504) and will not accumulate on the road surface entering the tunnel body (102), further ensuring the safety of passing vehicles.

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