A battery safety management method and device based on a dual-battery architecture

Abstract

This invention discloses a battery safety management method and device based on a dual-battery architecture. The invention employs a dual-circuit physical and electrical isolation architecture between the main battery and the auxiliary battery. The auxiliary battery independently constitutes a monitoring and control power supply circuit, enabling the monitoring and control circuit to operate uninterruptedly under normal conditions without relying on the main battery. This invention comprehensively covers five core operating conditions: pre-power-on pre-inspection, ultra-low power consumption monitoring during shutdown, abnormal power-off during screen-off and static operation, real-time protection during normal use, and dedicated charging protection. It constructs a unified three-level state judgment and layered handling integrated closed-loop system for normal, mild to moderate, and severe anomalies. In the shutdown state, only audible and visual warnings are provided. During high-risk anomalies under screen-off and static operation, the main battery power supply circuit is automatically cut off. During high-risk charging anomalies, both the power supply and charging circuits are simultaneously cut off. This invention solves the problems of traditional single-battery power supply equipment, such as easy monitoring failures, blind spots in safety protection, incomplete operating condition coverage, lack of active charging protection, and fragmented and unsystematic protection systems.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of battery management technology for portable consumer electronic devices, specifically to a dual-battery safety management method and device applicable to replaceable battery terminals such as smartphones, tablets, and portable laptops, and is particularly suitable for all-condition battery safety protection in scenarios where mobile terminal batteries are conveniently replaceable. Background Technology

[0002] As the industry trend of user-replaceable batteries in portable electronic devices gradually becomes more widespread, this method of user-replaceable batteries is becoming more common. However, current portable electronic devices generally employ a single main battery power supply architecture, which presents the following significant technical drawbacks in practical applications: First, traditional equipment relies solely on the main battery for power. When the main battery is removed, depleted, or malfunctions, the entire power supply, as well as the battery monitoring and control circuits, will simultaneously lose power, preventing pre-operational safety checks from being performed until a new main battery is connected. Inferior batteries, refurbished batteries, batteries with falsely labeled capacities, and batteries with hidden damage from compression or bending can be directly connected to the main power supply circuit, easily leading to poor contact, overheating, short circuits, and cell bulging. In severe cases, this can result in battery thermal runaway, fire, and explosion.

[0003] Secondly, most existing battery protection mechanisms are designed for single operating conditions, failing to form an integrated closed-loop management system encompassing pre-power-on checks, power-off monitoring, screen-off and static monitoring, normal use protection, and charging-specific protection. During power-off and screen-off static periods, conventional systems no longer continuously monitor battery status, and internal hidden damage caused by compression, bending, or impacts cannot be detected in a timely manner, leaving long-term safety hazards.

[0004] Third, traditional battery management circuits rely entirely on the main battery for power. When abnormal operating parameters of the main battery trigger the power-off protection, the protection circuit itself loses its power supply simultaneously, and all subsequent safety behaviors such as warning prompts and status recording are interrupted. The safety protection chain is directly broken, and the reliability of protection is greatly reduced.

[0005] Fourth, existing technologies lack a standardized three-level classification and tiered processing mechanism for battery status. Either a blanket ban on third-party batteries contradicts the open use principle of replaceable batteries, or all types of batteries are allowed to be used indiscriminately, failing to objectively demonstrate battery safety risks to users and hindering their right to know and their right to choose.

[0006] Fifth, most conventional backup power supply solutions are fragmented functional designs, failing to achieve an independent dual-circuit architecture with physical and electrical isolation between the main and auxiliary batteries, and also failing to construct full-condition linkage protection logic. The solutions are fragmented, lack systematicity, and have limited protection effects. Summary of the Invention

[0007] The purpose of this invention is to overcome the shortcomings of the prior art and provide a battery safety management method and device for portable electronic devices based on a dual-battery architecture. It constructs a dual-isolated independent circuit for the main and auxiliary batteries and an integrated closed-loop management system for all operating conditions, solving the technical problems of existing single-battery architecture devices, such as no pre-inspection before power-on, no continuous monitoring when the device is powered off and the screen is off, lack of active power-off for serious abnormalities, no special protection for charging conditions, and fragmented protection systems that do not form a closed loop.

[0008] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention adopts the following technical solution: I. A Battery Safety Management Method for Portable Electronic Devices Based on a Dual-Battery Architecture This method applies to smartphones, tablets, and laptops, covering five core operating conditions: before powering on, power off, screen off and in stillness, normal use, and charging. It includes the following steps: S1. Construct a heterogeneous dual-battery independent power supply architecture, setting up a main battery and a secondary battery that are physically and electrically isolated from each other, with no unidirectional or bidirectional power dependence between them; wherein, the main battery is responsible for providing working power to the high-power load of the entire equipment, and the secondary battery independently constitutes a monitoring and control power supply branch, which independently provides uninterrupted working power to the battery safety monitoring module and control module under normal working conditions, forming a permanent monitoring and control power supply link that does not depend on the main battery.

[0009] S2. Under any of the following conditions: the main battery is not connected to the device, the main battery is connected but the device is not powered on, the main battery is depleted, or the main battery is abnormally powered off, the auxiliary battery continues to supply power to the battery safety monitoring module and control module under normal operating conditions, ensuring uninterrupted operation of the monitoring and control loop.

[0010] S3. Before the main battery is powered on and connected to the device, the auxiliary battery independently powers the battery safety monitoring module to start the pre-safety detection process. The battery safety monitoring module collects multiple core state parameters of the main battery, including open circuit voltage, equivalent internal resistance, interface contact resistance, actual capacity, rated capacity, battery cycle count, and fast charging protocol compatibility parameters. The capacity detection is completed through fuel meter measurement, AC impedance calculation, and voltage-capacity characteristic curve comparison to identify battery capacity decay and capacity mislabeling issues.

[0011] S4. The control module performs a three-level status judgment based on the collected battery parameters: normal, mild to moderate abnormality, and severe abnormality, and executes differentiated handling logic accordingly. - Normal state: All detection parameters are within the preset standard threshold range. The control module generates a normal battery status prompt message. After the user confirms the operation, the main battery power supply circuit is turned on, and the main battery provides normal power supply to the whole device. - Mild to moderate abnormal state: If any of the following occurs, such as slightly high internal resistance, large interface contact resistance, slight decrease in battery capacity, or slight incompatibility with fast charging protocol, the control module will generate a risk warning message and display it to the outside world. Instead of directly cutting off the main battery power supply path, the main battery will continue to supply power after obtaining the user's informed confirmation. - Severe Abnormal State: If any of the following conditions occur, such as severely excessive internal resistance, significantly falsely advertised battery capacity, cell aging and failure, excessive operating temperature, severe hidden damage from extrusion and bending, or high risk of short circuit, the control module will directly lock the main battery power supply path, restrict the main battery from accessing the power supply circuit, and continuously output high-level abnormal alarm prompts.

[0012] S5. Under normal operating conditions, the battery safety monitoring module collects real-time operating parameters such as the main battery's operating current, surface temperature, and dynamic internal resistance. When the operating parameters exceed the corresponding preset safety thresholds, the control module performs corresponding safety protection operations such as status prompts, risk warnings, or automatic disconnection of the main battery power supply circuit according to the three-level judgment rules.

[0013] S6. During device charging, the auxiliary battery maintains independent operation of the monitoring and control circuit. The battery safety monitoring module collects core parameters of the main battery in real time, such as charging voltage, charging current, cell temperature, and charging internal resistance. Combined with a three-level judgment logic: when charging is normal, the normal charging process is maintained and status prompts are pushed; when there is a slight abnormality during charging, a charging risk warning is pushed to remind the user to pay attention to the battery status and not to actively interrupt charging; when there is a serious abnormality during charging, including charging overvoltage, charging overcurrent, cell temperature exceeding the standard, short circuit hazard, and signs of bulging, the main battery power supply circuit and charging circuit are immediately and simultaneously cut off, and high-frequency alarm prompts are continuously output.

[0014] S7. When the device is powered off, the main battery power supply circuit is disconnected, and the auxiliary battery switches to a microampere-level ultra-low power consumption mode, periodically collecting status parameters such as the internal resistance and contact resistance of the main battery. When a hidden damage abnormality of the battery is detected, a warning is issued only by lighting up the screen and vibrating the vibration motor, without performing the main battery power supply circuit shutdown operation.

[0015] S8. When the device is in standby mode with the screen off, the main battery power supply circuit remains connected and the secondary battery continuously monitors for ultra-low power consumption. Once a high-risk condition such as serious battery abnormality, severe hidden damage, or parameter mutation is detected, the control module immediately drives the MOS tube electronic switch to turn off the main battery power supply circuit, and simultaneously triggers a dual warning of screen lighting and vibration motor vibration.

[0016] S9. The main battery and the auxiliary battery can be replaced and replenished separately. During the process of replacing the main battery or replenishing the auxiliary battery, the other power supply structure maintains normal power supply, and the monitoring and control circuit will not interrupt the battery safety monitoring function.

[0017] Preferably, when both the auxiliary battery and the main battery are depleted, connecting an external charger or a mobile power supply device can quickly rebuild the monitoring and control power supply circuit, automatically restart the main battery's pre-safety detection process, and simultaneously replenish the auxiliary battery's power, with no gaps in safety monitoring throughout the process.

[0018] II. A battery safety management device for portable electronic devices based on a dual-battery architecture Includes: main battery, auxiliary battery, battery safety monitoring module, control module, MOSFET electronic switch, indicator module, high-power load for the whole machine, screen, and vibration motor; The main battery forms the main power supply circuit of the device, providing working power for the high-power load of the whole machine, and at the same time, it is connected to the charging circuit of the device to complete energy storage charging. The auxiliary battery constitutes a dedicated and independent monitoring and control power supply circuit, which is physically and electrically isolated from the main power supply circuit. The auxiliary battery includes, but is not limited to, existing and known equivalent power replacement structures such as built-in energy storage batteries, supercapacitors, external power banks, and external power supplies. The battery safety monitoring module has its power input terminal electrically connected to the auxiliary battery and its signal sampling terminal connected to the main battery electrode and the battery power supply interface; it is used to collect safety status parameters such as main battery voltage, internal resistance, temperature, and contact resistance under all operating conditions, and to complete pre-detection, real-time monitoring and parameter analysis. The MOS transistor electronic switch is arranged in series in the main power supply circuit and the charging circuit of the main battery. The control terminal of the MOS transistor electronic switch is electrically connected to the signal output terminal of the control module, which is used to control the conduction and disconnection of the main power supply circuit and the charging circuit, while preventing reverse current flow. The control module is powered by the auxiliary battery under normal operating conditions. The control module receives various parameter data collected by the battery safety monitoring module, completes the three-level state classification judgment under all operating conditions, and controls the on / off state of the MOS tube electronic switch and issues warning prompts from the prompting module according to the judgment results. The prompting module is electrically connected to the screen and the vibration motor respectively, and is used to output various information in a graded manner, such as normal status prompts, mild and moderate risk warnings, and serious abnormality alarms. The sound and light warning reminders are achieved by lighting up the screen and vibrating the vibration motor. The high-power load of the whole machine is the power-consuming unit during normal operation of the equipment, and is powered only by the main power supply circuit of the main battery.

[0019] Preferably, both the main battery and the built-in auxiliary battery can be easily removed and replaced by the user. The replacement process does not require damaging the original sealed structure of the device, thus preserving the waterproof and dustproof performance of the device from the factory. Attached Figure Description

[0020] Figure 1 The overall structural block diagram of the heterogeneous dual-battery architecture shows the physical isolation layout of the main battery and the auxiliary battery, as well as the overall connection relationship of the main power supply line, the independent power supply branch of the auxiliary battery, the sampling line, and the control line.

[0021] Figure 2 The diagram illustrates the overall process of the battery safety management method, showing the complete workflow from dual-battery architecture, standby sampling, parameter judgment, to normal power supply operation, abnormal circuit disconnection and triggering prompts.

[0022] Figure 3 The diagram illustrates the principle of pre-detection safety testing before the main battery is connected, showing how the auxiliary battery independently powers the system, performs sampling pre-detection, and outputs test results when the main battery is not powered on.

[0023] Figure 4 The diagram illustrates the working principle of automatic power-off protection for main battery abnormalities, showing the independent architecture of the main power supply circuit and the auxiliary battery monitoring and control circuit, as well as the protection logic whereby the control module drives the MOS tube electronic switch to cut off the main circuit and the monitoring circuit remains constantly open when parameters are abnormal.

[0024] Figure 5 The diagram illustrates the 24 / 7 monitoring and early warning system for hidden damage when the device is powered off. It shows how the secondary battery continuously monitors the parameters of the main battery with ultra-low power consumption when the device is powered off, and how the system alerts the device by linking the screen and vibration motor after identifying abnormalities.

[0025] Attached label: 1-Main battery, 2-Secondary battery, 3-Battery safety monitoring module, 4-Control module, 5-MOS transistor electronic switch, 6-Indication module, 7-High-power load of the whole machine, 8-Screen, 9-Vibration motor. Detailed Implementation Example

[0026] This embodiment applies to smartphone devices, covering safety management for all operating conditions including before power-on, power-off, screen-off, normal use, and charging. During the user's self-replacement of the main battery, the auxiliary battery continuously supplies power to the monitoring and control circuit under normal operating conditions, automatically initiating the pre-safety detection process without requiring the device to be powered on. The battery safety monitoring module simultaneously collects core parameters of the main battery, such as internal resistance, interface contact resistance, difference between actual capacity and rated capacity, and battery cycle count, accurately identifying battery capacity decay and capacity misrepresentation issues. The control module completes three-level status judgments based on the collected data and executes corresponding operations: when all detected parameters meet the preset standards, a normal battery status prompt is pushed, and the main battery powers on normally after the user confirms; when mild to moderate abnormalities such as slightly high internal resistance or minor capacity decay are detected, a risk warning is pushed to the user, but the main battery power supply is not prohibited, and the user can continue to use the device after informed confirmation; when serious abnormalities such as severely excessive battery parameters, large capacity misrepresentation, or high-risk damage hazards are detected, the main battery power supply path is directly locked, and audible and visual alarms are continuously output through the screen and vibration motor to prevent high-risk batteries from being connected and used.

[0027] When the device is powered off, the main battery power supply circuit is completely disconnected, and the auxiliary battery starts the ultra-low power uninterrupted monitoring mode to continuously monitor changes in battery status. Once hidden damage caused by squeezing or bending is detected, the vibration motor will be triggered to vibrate and the screen will light up as an early warning through the prompt module. The main circuit will not be shut down throughout the process.

[0028] When the device is in a screen-off standby state, the main battery maintains a conductive path, and the secondary battery continuously samples battery parameters periodically. If a sudden change in internal resistance, severe damage, or high-risk abnormality is detected, the control module immediately controls the MOS transistor electronic switch to cut off the main battery power supply circuit. At the same time, it activates a dual warning system of screen lighting and vibration motor vibration to actively avoid the safety risk of battery thermal runaway.

[0029] During normal daily use, if the main battery experiences abnormal conditions such as overcurrent or overheating, the system automatically performs graded protection, quickly cutting off the main power supply circuit in case of severe abnormalities. During charging, the system monitors the charging voltage, current, and cell temperature in real time, and simultaneously cuts off the power supply and charging circuit when a high-risk charging abnormality occurs, preventing safety accidents such as charging fires and battery bulging. The auxiliary battery maintains the continuous operation of the early warning function throughout the process, comprehensively ensuring user safety and equipment data security. Example

[0030] This embodiment is applied to tablet computers and portable laptops. The overall dual-battery architecture, circuit connection relationship, and all-condition hierarchical control logic are completely consistent with those of smartphones. The secondary battery can be a long-lasting energy storage unit to meet the long-term standby monitoring needs of large-screen devices. For the high-power load characteristics of laptops, the MOSFET electronic switch uses high-current devices to adapt to high-power power supply and fast charging scenarios. The main battery replacement operation is simple and convenient, and the replacement process will not damage the original sealed and waterproof structure of the device. Core functions such as shutdown warning, automatic shutdown in case of screen failure, charging failure protection, and three-level status judgment are universal, providing comprehensive battery safety protection for various types of portable electronic devices in all scenarios.

Claims

1. A battery safety management method based on a dual-battery architecture, characterized in that, Applicable to smartphones, tablets, and laptops, covering all operating conditions: before powering on, power off, screen off and idle, normal use, and charging, including the following steps: S1. Build a dual-battery independent power supply architecture, set up a main battery and a secondary battery that are physically and electrically isolated from each other. The main battery supplies power to the high-power load of the whole equipment, while the secondary battery independently provides uninterrupted power supply to the battery safety monitoring module and control module under normal working conditions, forming a permanent monitoring and control power supply link that does not depend on the main battery. S2. Under any of the following conditions: main battery not connected, main battery connected but not powered on, main battery depleted, or main battery abnormally powered off, the auxiliary battery continuously supplies power to the battery safety monitoring module and control module under normal operating conditions, ensuring uninterrupted operation of the monitoring and control loop. S3. Before the main battery is powered on and connected, the auxiliary battery drive battery safety monitoring module completes the pre-safety test and collects the main battery's voltage, internal resistance, interface contact resistance, actual capacity, rated capacity, cycle number, and fast charging protocol compatibility parameters. S4. The control module performs a three-level status determination based on the collected parameters: In the normal state, a status awareness prompt is pushed, and the main battery power supply circuit is turned on after user confirmation; in the mild to moderate abnormal state, a risk warning prompt is pushed, and the main battery is allowed to continue to supply power after user confirmation; in the severe abnormal state, the main battery power supply path is locked and a high-level abnormal alarm is output. S5. During normal use of the equipment, monitor the operating parameters of the main battery in real time, such as current, temperature, and dynamic internal resistance. When the parameters exceed the preset safety threshold, execute the protection operation of status prompt, risk warning or automatic disconnection of the main battery power supply circuit according to the three-level judgment result. S6. During equipment charging, the charging voltage, charging current, cell temperature, charging internal resistance and other parameters of the main battery are collected in real time. When a serious charging abnormality occurs, the main battery power supply circuit and charging circuit are cut off simultaneously. S7. When the device is powered off, the main battery power supply circuit is disconnected, and the auxiliary battery periodically collects the main battery parameters in an ultra-low power mode. When a hidden damage abnormality is detected, the screen is turned on and the vibration motor is activated to provide a vibration warning. S8. When the device is in standby mode with the screen off, the main battery power supply circuit remains connected and the secondary battery is continuously monitored for ultra-low power consumption. When a serious abnormal battery condition is detected, the control module drives the MOS tube electronic switch to turn off the main battery power supply circuit and simultaneously triggers the screen to light up and the vibration motor to vibrate as an early warning. S9. The main battery and the auxiliary battery can be replaced and replenished with power separately. During the replacement of either battery, the monitoring and control circuit continues to operate normally.

2. The battery safety management method based on a dual-battery architecture according to claim 1, characterized in that: The serious charging abnormalities include overvoltage, overcurrent, excessive cell temperature, short circuit risk, and signs of impending battery bulging.

3. The battery safety management method based on a dual-battery architecture according to claim 1, characterized in that: When both the main battery and the auxiliary battery are depleted, connecting an external power supply device can rebuild the monitoring and control loop, automatically restart the pre-safety detection process, and replenish the auxiliary battery with power.

4. A battery safety management device based on a dual-battery architecture, characterized in that: Includes main battery, auxiliary battery, battery safety monitoring module, control module, MOSFET electronic switch, prompt module, high-power load for the whole machine, screen, and vibration motor; The main battery constitutes the main power supply circuit of the device and is also connected to the device charging circuit; The auxiliary battery constitutes an independent monitoring and control power supply circuit, which is physically and electrically isolated from the main power supply circuit. The battery safety monitoring module is electrically connected to the auxiliary battery and the main battery, and is used to collect safety status parameters such as main battery voltage, internal resistance, temperature, and contact resistance under all operating conditions. The MOS transistor electronic switch is connected in series in the main power supply circuit and the charging circuit of the main battery, and its control terminal is connected to the control module; The control module is continuously powered by the auxiliary battery under normal operating conditions and is electrically connected to the battery safety monitoring module, the MOSFET electronic switch, and the prompt module. The prompting module is connected to the screen and the vibration motor respectively, and is used to output normal prompts, risk warnings and abnormal alarm information in a graded manner.

5. A battery safety management device based on a dual-battery architecture according to claim 4, characterized in that: The auxiliary battery includes, but is not limited to, existing and known equivalent power supply replacement structures such as built-in energy storage batteries, supercapacitors, external power banks, and external power supplies.

6. A battery safety management device based on a dual-battery architecture according to claim 4, characterized in that: Both the main battery and the built-in auxiliary battery can be easily and independently removed and replaced without damaging the original sealed and waterproof structure of the device.

Images