A spline shaft composite machining equipment adopting a multi-station rotary switching structure
The spline shaft composite machining equipment with a multi-station rotary switching structure solves the problem of insufficient adaptability of a single fixture by using a combination design of a fixed ring, a positioning ring and a clamping component, and achieves high-precision and high-rigidity machining of spline shafts.
Patent Information
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Applications(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- WUXI YANGNAN PRECISION MASCH MFG CO LTD
- Filing Date
- 2026-06-10
- Publication Date
- 2026-07-14
AI Technical Summary
In the existing technology, a single fixture is difficult to adapt to bar stock of different depths, resulting in gaps in the spline shaft during machining, causing runout and vibration, which affects machining accuracy and tool life.
The spline shaft composite machining equipment adopts a multi-station rotary switching structure. Through the combined design of fixed ring, positioning ring and clamping components, it realizes multi-level radial support and axial adaptive adjustment, eliminates overhang gaps and ensures uniform distribution of clamping force.
It effectively reduces machining vibration, improves the machining accuracy of spline shafts and the versatility of equipment, avoids bending deformation caused by local stress concentration, and ensures high rigidity and high precision in the machining process.
Smart Images
Figure CN122378124A_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] This invention relates to the field of combined machining technology, and specifically to a composite machining equipment for spline shafts employing a multi-station rotary switching structure. Background Technology
[0002] For precision shaft parts like splined shafts, multiple machining processes are required, including outer diameter, inner hole, steps, and grooves. In actual production, splined shafts integrate multiple processes on a single machine tool, eliminating positioning errors caused by multiple clamping operations. This significantly improves machining efficiency and shortens the production cycle while ensuring high precision and high strength.
[0003] During the production process, bar stock of different specifications needs to be inserted into the fixture to different depths. If only a single fixture is used for processing, the bar stock with a deeper insertion depth will inevitably have a clearance in the groove. This clearance is very likely to cause radial runout and cutting chatter of the workpiece when subjected to high-speed rotation or heavy cutting force. It will not only leave chatter marks on the machined surface and accelerate tool wear, but also cause key precision deviations such as coaxiality to exceed the tolerance. Summary of the Invention
[0004] To address the aforementioned shortcomings of existing technologies, this invention provides a spline shaft composite machining equipment employing a multi-station rotary switching structure. This effectively solves the problem in existing technologies where a single fixture is difficult to adapt to bar stock of different depths, leading to runout and vibration caused by gaps.
[0005] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution: This invention provides a composite machining equipment for splined shafts employing a multi-station rotary switching structure, comprising: The frame includes a center frame on one side of its top end for limiting the center hole of the shaft, and a drive unit on the other side of its top end. The frame also includes a cutting tool holder for processing the shaft. Near the center frame, the drive unit has a clamping part for multi-stage locking of the shaft. The clamping part includes a chuck for clamping and locking the shaft, and near the drive unit, a clamping member is provided on the side of the chuck to limit the outer surface of the shaft that extends into it. The clamping member includes a fixing ring fixedly connected to the side of the driving part, a positioning ring two fixedly connected to the end of the fixing ring away from the driving part, a positioning ring one inserted into the side of the positioning ring two, and the outer surface of the shaft inserted therein by the positioning ring two and the positioning ring pair reinforces the shaft; a connecting plate is axially provided on the outer wall of the positioning ring one.
[0006] Furthermore, the fixing ring has symmetrically provided positioning grooves on one side near the second positioning ring, and the positioning grooves are engaged with the connecting plate.
[0007] Furthermore, a movable groove is provided in the middle of the inner wall of the second positioning ring, and an arc-shaped plate with an edge protruding from the second positioning ring is provided in the inner wall of the movable groove. A movable ring is embedded in the side of the inner wall of the movable groove. In the initial state, there is a gap between the arc-shaped plate and the movable ring. A first abutment is fixedly connected to the end of the movable ring near the fixed ring, and a second abutment is fixedly connected to the end of the movable ring near the first positioning ring. A groove is provided in the inner wall of the second abutment.
[0008] Furthermore, a limiting plate is fixedly connected to the side of the second positioning ring near the first positioning ring, and a limiting groove is provided on the side of the first positioning ring near the second positioning ring, which is movably connected to the limiting plate.
[0009] Furthermore, a buffer layer is provided on one side of the positioning ring away from the fixed ring, and the other end of the buffer layer is in contact with the chuck.
[0010] Furthermore, the outer wall of the positioning ring is provided with connecting plates at equal intervals. The end of the connecting plate near the positioning ring is embedded in the gap between the adjacent positioning rings and is slidably connected to the positioning groove. The end of the connecting plate away from the positioning ring is connected to the moving jaw of the chuck.
[0011] Furthermore, the inner wall of the positioning ring is provided with a retaining ring 1 and a retaining ring 2, the retaining ring 2 and the retaining ring 1 are designed in an alternating manner, and the inner ring of the positioning ring 1 near the positioning ring 2 is provided with a retaining pin that engages with the abutment rod 2 at equal intervals.
[0012] The technical solution provided by this invention has the following advantages compared with the prior art: This invention provides multi-level radial support for the shaft section between the chuck and the drive unit through an auxiliary limiting mechanism consisting of a fixed ring, a second positioning ring, and a first positioning ring. The staggered arc plate design of the first and second retaining rings automatically retracts inward when the chuck is clamped, closely fitting the outer surface of the shaft, thus eliminating the overhang gap at the source and significantly reducing machining vibration.
[0013] The present invention provides an axial movement gap between the second positioning ring and the first positioning ring, and through the sliding connection between the connecting plate and the positioning groove, the auxiliary limiting structure can automatically adjust its axial position according to the actual insertion depth of the shaft without manual intervention, thus improving the versatility of the equipment.
[0014] This invention incorporates clamping components, achieving stable support in three stages: from the initial insertion stage with "support rod one and support rod two assisting in centering," to the pre-locking stage with "flexible spherical retaining ring filling the movable ring," and finally to the final clamping stage with "retaining ring one and retaining ring two fully enclosing the movable ring with an arc-shaped plate pressing it." This ensures both ease of initial shaft installation and high rigidity during processing. The staggered distribution of retaining ring one and retaining ring two, along with the insertion and filling of the flexible spherical end of the retaining ring, ensures that the clamping force is evenly distributed on the outer surface of the shaft, preventing localized stress concentration that could lead to bending deformation of the slender spline shaft.
[0015] This invention employs multiple anti-rotation designs, including the engagement of the limiting plate and the limiting groove, the sliding cooperation of the connecting plate and the positioning groove, and the insertion of the chuck shaft and the groove, to ensure that the auxiliary limiting mechanism, chuck, and drive unit always maintain precise circumferential synchronization, thus avoiding damage to the indexing accuracy of the spline due to relative rotation. Attached Figure Description
[0016] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the accompanying drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are merely some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without any creative effort.
[0017] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the clamping part structure according to an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the clamping component structure according to an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the positioning ring II structure according to an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the positioning ring structure according to an embodiment of the present invention.
[0018] The labels in the diagram represent: 1. Frame; 2. Center frame; 3. Cutting tool holder; 5. Drive unit; 6. Clamping unit; 61. Clamping component; 611. Fixed ring; 6111. Positioning groove; 612. Positioning ring two; 6121. Limiting plate; 6122. Movable groove; 6123. Movable ring; 6124. Support rod one; 6125. Support rod two; 613. Positioning ring one; 6131. Connecting plate; 6132. Limiting groove; 6133. Clamping shaft; 6134. Retaining ring two; 6135. Retaining ring one; 6136. Buffer layer; 62. Chuck. Detailed Implementation
[0019] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some, not all, of the embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the present invention without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.
[0020] The present invention will be further described below with reference to embodiments.
[0021] Example:
[0022] Please see Figures 1-5 This invention provides a technical solution for a spline shaft composite machining equipment employing a multi-station rotary switching structure: refer to Figure 1 This equipment includes a frame 1, a center frame 2 for limiting the center hole of the shaft is provided on one side of the top of the frame 1, a drive unit 5 is provided on the other side of the top of the frame 1, and a cutting tool holder 3 for processing the shaft is provided on the frame 1. A clamping part 6 for multi-stage locking of the shaft is provided at one end of the drive unit 5 near the center frame 2.
[0023] refer to Figure 1 and Figure 2 The clamping part 6 includes a chuck 62 and a clamping member 61. The chuck 62 is used to clamp and lock the shaft and is located on the side of the clamping part 6 closer to the drive part 5. The clamping member 61 is disposed between the chuck 62 and the drive part 5 and is used to provide auxiliary limiting for the outer surface of the shaft inserted therein. By combining the main clamping of the chuck 62 with the auxiliary limiting of the clamping member 61, multi-point support for the shaft from the end to the outer surface is achieved, significantly improving the machining rigidity.
[0024] refer to Figure 2 and Figure 3 The clamping member 61 includes a fixed ring 611, a second positioning ring 612, and a first positioning ring 613. One side of the fixed ring 611 is fixedly connected to the side of the drive part 5, the second positioning ring 612 is fixedly connected to the end of the fixed ring 611 away from the drive part 5, and the first positioning ring 613 is inserted into the side of the second positioning ring 612 and can slide relative to it along the axial direction.
[0025] The positioning ring 612 and the positioning ring 613 are designed to be plugged together with a gap, which allows the axial relative position of the two to be adjusted according to the insertion depth of the shaft, so as to achieve adaptive clamping.
[0026] refer to Figure 3 , Figure 4 and Figure 5A connecting plate 6131 is axially provided on the outer wall of the positioning ring 613. A positioning groove 6111 is symmetrically provided on the side of the fixing ring 611 near the positioning ring 612. The positioning groove 6111 engages with the connecting plate 6131 to achieve circumferential positioning.
[0027] A movable groove 6122 is formed in the middle of the inner wall of the second positioning ring 612. An arc-shaped plate with protruding edges from the second positioning ring 612 is provided on the inner wall of the movable groove 6122. A movable ring 6123 is embedded in the side of the inner wall of the movable groove 6122. A first abutment rod 6124 is fixedly connected to one end of the movable ring 6123 near the fixed ring 611, and a second abutment rod 6125 is fixedly connected to one end of the movable ring 6123 near the first positioning ring 613. The inner wall of the second abutment rod 6125 has a groove. The diameters of the first abutment rod 6124 and the second abutment rod 6125 are different, which can form a stepped initial limit on the end of the shaft and assist in the centering of the shaft.
[0028] A limiting plate 6121 is fixedly connected to the side of positioning ring 2 612 near positioning ring 1 613. A limiting groove 6132 is provided on the side of positioning ring 1 613 near positioning ring 2 612, which is movably connected to the limiting plate 6121 to achieve the locking and anti-rotation of the two.
[0029] A buffer layer 6136 is provided on the side of the positioning ring 613 away from the fixed ring 611, and the other end of the buffer layer 6136 contacts the chuck 62. Connecting plates 6131 are equidistantly arranged on the outer wall of the positioning ring 613, with one end near the fixed ring 611 embedded in the gap between adjacent positioning rings 612 and slidably connected to the positioning groove 6111 of the fixed ring 611. The sliding fit between the connecting plate 6131 and the positioning groove 6111 ensures that the positioning ring 613 can move axially under the action of the chuck 62's jaws, and also prevents circumferential deflection through the keyway fit, ensuring clamping angle accuracy.
[0030] The end of the connecting plate 6131 away from the fixed ring 611 is connected to the moving jaw of the chuck 62. The inner wall of the positioning ring 613 is provided with a retaining ring 6134 and a retaining ring 6135, which are designed in an alternating manner. When the positioning ring 613 moves inward, the two do not interfere with each other, and wrap around the outer surface of the shaft from multiple directions to achieve full circumferential positioning.
[0031] The inner ring of the positioning ring 613 near the fixed ring 611 is provided with equidistant locking pins 6133 that engage with the abutment rod 6125. The locking pins 6133 are made of flexible material with spherical ends. When inserted into the groove of the abutment rod 6125, they not only increase the connection firmness, but also fill the gap between the movable ring 6123 and the shaft, making the shaft more evenly stressed.
[0032] When the positioning ring 613 moves, it pushes the arc plate in the movable groove 6122. The arc plate then presses the movable ring 6123 and the abutment rod 6124, so that the abutment rod 6124 changes from rolling contact auxiliary centering to fixed extrusion stable limit, realizing the dynamic clamping state switching.
[0033] In traditional spline shaft machining equipment, the chuck 62 can only clamp the end of the shaft, while the middle part of the shaft, which extends into the clamping part 6, lacks effective support and has gaps. Since different shaft sizes or machining positions require different insertion depths, these gaps cannot be eliminated solely by the jaws of the chuck 62. This results in radial runout and vibration of the shaft during high-speed rotary cutting, affecting the spline machining accuracy and surface quality, and even damaging the cutting tool. Therefore, this invention provides a clamping member 61.
[0034] In the initial insertion stage, one end of the unprocessed shaft bar is inserted into the clamping part 6, and the center hole of the other end is aligned with the center frame 2. At this time, the initial space formed by the second positioning ring 612 and the first positioning ring 613 is slightly larger than the diameter of the shaft, facilitating the entry of the shaft. The end of the shaft first contacts the first abutment rod 6124 and the second abutment rod 6125. Due to the difference in diameter, a stepped guide is formed, and the auxiliary shaft is aligned with the center of the chuck 62. The spherical end of the clamping shaft 6133 has not yet been fully inserted into the groove of the second abutment rod 6125, and the movable ring 6123 is in a free state, providing only slight elastic support.
[0035] The center frame 2 moves on the frame 1 to adjust the overall position of the shaft until the insertion depth meets the machining requirements. Depending on the shaft insertion depth, the first positioning ring 613 can slide axially relative to the second positioning ring 612. Initially, there is a gap between them (e.g., ...). Figure 3 (As shown in the diagram), it automatically adapts to the length of the shaft. The limiting plate 6121 engages with the limiting groove 6132 to prevent relative rotation between the positioning ring 613 and the positioning ring 612. The flexible spherical end of the retaining shaft 6133 is inserted into the groove of the abutment rod 6125. On the one hand, the engagement between the rod and the groove increases the connection strength; on the other hand, the spherical end presses against the movable ring 6123, making the inner wall of the movable ring 6123 fit more closely to the outer surface of the shaft.
[0036] The drive unit 5 drives the clamping unit 6 to rotate, and the moving jaws of the chuck 62 move to clamp the end of the shaft. The jaws of the chuck 62 drive the entire positioning ring 613 to move axially towards the fixed ring 611 via the connecting plate 6131. When the positioning ring 613 moves, the retaining ring 6135 and retaining ring 6134 on its inner wall retract inward synchronously, tightly fitting the outer surface of the shaft from multiple directions to achieve full circumferential limiting. At the same time, the positioning ring 613 pushes the arc plate in the movable groove 6122. After being pressed, the arc plate presses the movable ring 6123 and the abutment rod 6124. The abutment rod 6124 is in close contact with the shaft on its side, changing from allowing the shaft to roll to being completely fixed, providing stable radial support force. At this time, the end of the shaft is subjected to the axial clamping force of the chuck 62, the near-end outer surface is subjected to the radial wrapping force of the retaining ring 6135 and the retaining ring 6134, and the far end is supported by the abutment rod 6124 and the abutment rod 6125, forming a high rigidity system of "clamping + multi-point support".
[0037] From the initial insertion stage with "Abutment 1 6124 and Abutment 2 6125 assisting in centering," to the pre-locking stage with "Flexible spherical retaining shaft 6133 filling the movable ring 6123," and finally to the final clamping stage with "Retaining ring 1 6135 and Retaining ring 2 6134 fully enclosing the movable ring 6123 with an arc plate located within the movable groove 6122," a three-stage stable support is achieved, from allowing fine-tuning through rolling contact → gradually fitting through elastic contact → completely locking through rigid contact. This ensures both the convenience of initial shaft installation and high rigidity during processing. The staggered insertion and filling of retaining ring 1 6135, retaining ring 2 6134, and the flexible spherical end of retaining shaft 6133 ensures that the clamping force is evenly distributed on the outer surface of the shaft, avoiding localized stress concentration that could cause bending deformation of the slender spline shaft.
[0038] The drive unit 5 drives the shaft to rotate, and the cutting tool holder 3 above the frame 1 can switch tools to perform multiple cutting operations such as turning, milling, and rolling on the shaft. After machining is completed, the chuck 62 is released, and the positioning ring 613 returns to its initial position under the action of the jaw restoring force. The moving ring 6123 and the stop bar 6124 return to their free state, making it easy to remove the machined spline shaft.
[0039] The above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, and are not intended to limit it. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications can still be made to the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or equivalent substitutions can be made to some of the technical features. Such modifications or substitutions will not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the protection scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.
Claims
1. A composite machining equipment for splined shafts employing a multi-station rotary switching structure, characterized in that, include: A frame (1) is provided with a center frame (2) on one side of the top of the frame (1) to limit the center hole of the shaft, and a drive unit (5) is provided on the other side of the top of the frame (1). A cutting tool holder (3) is provided on the frame (1) to process the shaft. A clamping part (6) for multi-level locking of the shaft is provided at one end of the drive unit (5) near the center frame (2). The clamping part (6) includes a chuck (62) for clamping and locking the shaft. A clamping member (61) for limiting the outer surface of the shaft that is inserted therein is provided on one side of the chuck (62) near the drive unit (5). The clamping member (61) includes a fixing ring (611) fixedly connected to the side of the driving part (5). A positioning ring two (612) is fixedly connected to one end of the fixing ring (611) away from the driving part (5). A positioning ring one (613) is inserted into the side of the positioning ring two (612). The positioning ring two (612) and the positioning ring one (613) reinforce the outer surface of the shaft inserted therein. A connecting plate (6131) is axially provided on the outer wall of the positioning ring one (613).
2. The spline shaft composite machining equipment with a multi-station rotary switching structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: The fixing ring (611) has a symmetrical positioning groove (6111) on the side near the positioning ring (612), and the positioning groove (6111) is engaged with the connecting plate (6131).
3. The spline shaft composite machining equipment with a multi-station rotary switching structure according to claim 2, characterized in that: The inner wall of the second positioning ring (612) is provided with a movable groove (6122). The inner wall of the movable groove (6122) is provided with an arc-shaped plate with an edge protruding from the second positioning ring (612). The side of the inner wall of the movable groove (6122) is embedded with a movable ring (6123). In the initial state, there is a gap between the arc-shaped plate and the movable ring (6123). The end of the movable ring (6123) near the fixed ring (611) is fixedly connected to a first abutment rod (6124). The end of the movable ring (6123) near the first positioning ring (613) is fixedly connected to a second abutment rod (6125). The inner wall of the second abutment rod (6125) is provided with a groove.
4. The spline shaft composite machining equipment with a multi-station rotary switching structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: The positioning ring 2 (612) is fixedly connected to the side of the positioning ring 1 (613) with a limiting plate (6121), and the positioning ring 1 (613) is provided with a limiting groove (6132) that is movably connected to the limiting plate (6121) on the side of the positioning ring 2 (612).
5. A spline shaft composite machining equipment with a multi-station rotary switching structure according to claim 4, characterized in that: A buffer layer (6136) is provided on the side of the positioning ring (613) away from the fixing ring (611), and the other end of the buffer layer (6136) is in contact with the chuck (62).
6. The spline shaft composite machining equipment with a multi-station rotary switching structure according to claim 5, characterized in that: The outer wall of the first positioning ring (613) is provided with connecting plates (6131) at equal intervals. The end of the connecting plate (6131) near the second positioning ring (612) is embedded in the gap between the adjacent second positioning rings (612) and is slidably connected to the positioning groove (6111). The end of the connecting plate (6131) away from the second positioning ring (612) is connected to the moving jaw of the chuck (62).
7. A spline shaft composite machining equipment with a multi-station rotary switching structure according to claim 5, characterized in that: The inner wall of the positioning ring 1 (613) is provided with retaining ring 1 (6135) and retaining ring 2 (6134). The retaining ring 2 (6134) and retaining ring 1 (6135) are designed in an alternating manner. The inner ring of the positioning ring 1 (613) near the positioning ring 2 (612) is provided with a retaining pin (6133) that engages with the abutment rod 2 (6125).