Stepping self-balancing derrick workover rig

Abstract

The application discloses a step-by-step self-balancing derrick workover rig, and belongs to the technical field of workover rig equipment. The workover rig is provided with a main mounting piece and an auxiliary mounting piece, and a plurality of groups of fixing frames are fixedly connected to the main mounting piece and the auxiliary mounting piece in a ring shape and at equal intervals. The two fixing frames of the same group are rotatably connected through a pneumatic push rod, the telescopic end of the pneumatic push rod is fixedly connected with a connecting piece, the connecting piece is rotatably connected with a fixing shoe, the fixing shoe is provided with a main extrusion surface, and the main mounting piece and the auxiliary mounting piece are both provided with an auxiliary extrusion surface. According to the compressibility of air, the fixing shoe is extruded by the pneumatic push rod, so that the pipe string can be lifted upwards relative to the fixing shoe. When the pipe string is unexpectedly slipped, the fixing shoe is guided by the main extrusion surface and the auxiliary extrusion surface, the extrusion force of the fixing shoe on the pipe string is increased, the pipe string is extruded and fixed, the falling of the pipe string is limited without affecting the lifting of the pipe string, and the probability of the pipe string falling into the well is reduced.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of well workover equipment technology, and in particular to a step-type self-balancing derrick workover rig. Background Technology

[0002] Workover rigs, also known as well cleaning rigs, are power equipment used in the oil drilling and production field for downhole operations, primarily for oil and water well maintenance, troubleshooting, and ultra-deep oil and gas development. A walking-type self-balancing derrick workover rig is an energy-saving and environmentally friendly workover device that includes a walking flatcar and a superstructure. It uses lifting cylinders to adjust balance and achieve longitudinal, lateral movement, and rotation. The procedure for lifting tubing during workover operations is as follows: First, temporary fixation is achieved using clamps at the tubing joint. Then, the lifting device hoists the tubing upwards. During the lifting process, the clamps on the workover platform are released from the tubing, allowing it to be lifted. When the joint of the second tubing section rises to the wellhead level... When the hoisting device reaches a predetermined height near the platform, it pauses its operation, and the slips re-lock the second oil pipe. Then, hydraulic clamps are used to separate the connection between the upper and lower oil pipes, and the separated first oil pipe is moved to the designated storage area. The above steps are then repeated to complete the hoisting and stacking of each oil pipe in sequence. However, during the above lifting process, the oil pipes are only fixed by a single point of connection with the lifting clamp. If the lifting clamp fails to lock due to long-term wear, aging of parts, or other reasons, and fails to completely lock the oil pipe, there is a probability that the oil pipe will accidentally slip off the fixing point of the lifting clamp. In this case, all the oil pipes that have not yet been stored will fall into the wellbore instantly, thereby causing an engineering safety accident. Summary of the Invention

[0003] This invention provides a step-by-step self-balancing derrick workover rig to overcome the shortcomings of existing workover rigs, which, during workover operations, can cause the tubing to fall into the wellbore and lead to engineering safety accidents if the jack and tubing accidentally slip off.

[0004] The technical solution of the present invention is: a step-type self-balancing derrick workover rig, comprising: a workover rig, wherein a main mounting component and a secondary mounting component are mounted on the workover rig, the main mounting component and the secondary mounting component are fixedly connected, and several sets of fixed frames are fixedly connected together in a ring at equal intervals, each set of fixed frames including two symmetrically distributed fixed frames, the two fixed frames in the same set are rotatably connected to a pneumatic push rod, the telescopic end of the pneumatic push rod is fixedly connected to a connector, the connector is rotatably connected to a fixed bearing, the fixed bearing is used for extruding tube strings, a main extrusion surface is provided on the side of the fixed bearing near the pneumatic push rod, and a secondary extrusion surface is provided on both the main mounting component and the secondary mounting component near the position corresponding to the main extrusion surface.

[0005] Furthermore, a receiving groove is provided on the middle part of the fixed tile near the axis of the main mounting component, a fixed frame is slidably connected in the receiving groove of the fixed tile, a spring is fixedly connected between the fixed tile and the corresponding fixed frame, a fixed shaft is fixedly connected to the fixed frame near the axis of the main mounting component, a roller is rotatably connected to the fixed shaft, and a one-way component is provided on the fixed frame to limit the one-way rotation of the corresponding roller.

[0006] Furthermore, the one-way component includes: an electromagnetic push rod, installed on the fixed frame at a position away from the axis of the main mounting component; a mounting plate is fixedly connected to the telescopic end of the electromagnetic push rod; the mounting plate is slidably connected to the fixed frame; annularly distributed ratchet teeth are fixedly connected to the side of the mounting plate near the roller; annularly distributed one-way grooves are provided on the side of the roller near the mounting plate; the number of one-way grooves is equal to the number of ratchet teeth; and the ratchet teeth restrict the rotation of the corresponding roller through the corresponding one-way grooves.

[0007] Furthermore, a rubber sleeve is fixed to the circumference of the roller, and the rubber sleeve is provided with annularly distributed through grooves.

[0008] Furthermore, the roller is provided with annularly distributed equidistant limiting grooves and annularly distributed sliding grooves. The number of corresponding limiting grooves, corresponding sliding grooves and corresponding through grooves in the same roller are equal and they are connected one-to-one. An elastic strip is placed in the limiting groove, and a locking plate is fixed to the elastic strip. The locking plate slides in the corresponding sliding groove. The roller is fixed with two symmetrically distributed limiting rings. The limiting rings are used to block the corresponding limiting grooves and corresponding sliding grooves. The fixed frame is fixed with two symmetrically distributed locking strips. The two locking strips are respectively located on both sides of the corresponding roller.

[0009] Furthermore, both ends of the elastic strip are provided with equidistantly distributed limiting protrusions, and the elastic strip is slidably connected to two symmetrically distributed limiting posts. The limiting posts are engaged with adjacent limiting protrusions, and the limiting posts slide within the corresponding limiting grooves.

[0010] Furthermore, the locking plate is provided with two symmetrically distributed locking ramps at a position away from the corresponding elastic strip, and the axis of the roller is located on the plane corresponding to the locking ramps.

[0011] Furthermore, the main extrusion surfaces on the same fixed tile are two symmetrically distributed surfaces, and each electromagnetic push rod corresponds to two symmetrically distributed mounting plates. The two mounting plates are located at the two ends of the corresponding rollers, and the unidirectional grooves at both ends of the rollers have the same shape but opposite directions.

[0012] Furthermore, a torsion spring is fixed between the connector and the corresponding fixing tile.

[0013] Furthermore, the vertical length of the fixed tile is greater than the minimum distance between the two corresponding sub-extrusion surfaces.

[0014] The beneficial effects of adopting the above technical solution are as follows: Based on the compressibility of air, the present invention applies extrusion force to the fixed pad through a pneumatic push rod, so that the pipe string can move upward relative to the fixed pad. When the pipe string accidentally slips out, the fixed pad increases the extrusion force on the pipe string under the guidance of the main extrusion surface and the secondary extrusion surface, and squeezes and fixes the pipe string. In this way, the descent of the pipe string is limited without affecting the lifting of the pipe string, and the probability of the pipe string falling into the well is reduced.

[0015] By comparing the elasticity of the elastic strip with the centrifugal force on the locking plate, the relative position of the locking plate and the roller is changed. As the roller speed increases, the locking plate gradually slides outward along the corresponding sliding groove of the roller. When the locking plate contacts the locking strip, the rotation of the roller is restricted. The movement status of the pipe string is judged by the speed of the roller. When the pipe string falls during the lowering process, the roller is locked, and the roller drives the fixing tile to squeeze and fix the pipe string, thus reducing the probability of the pipe string falling into the well during the lowering process.

[0016] By limiting the unidirectional rotation of the rollers and combining this with roller speed detection, the probability of the pipe string falling into the well can be reduced during descent by detecting the roller speed. Furthermore, by controlling the unidirectional rotation of the rollers, the upward movement of the pipe string can be limited when it experiences lateral movement due to pressure inside the well. The same principle applies during pipe string hoisting. This not only reduces the probability of the pipe string falling into the well but also limits its upward movement under pressure, thus reducing the danger of upward movement. Attached Figure Description

[0017] Figure 1 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the main mounting component and the auxiliary mounting component of the present invention; Figure 3 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the main mounting component and the fixing frame of the present invention; Figure 4 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the pneumatic push rod and the fixed tile of the present invention; Figure 5 This is a three-dimensional structural cross-sectional view of the auxiliary mounting component and the fixing tile of the present invention; Figure 6 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the fixing frame and spring of the present invention; Figure 7 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the fixing frame and electromagnetic push rod of the present invention; Figure 8This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the electromagnetic push rod and locking bar of the present invention; Figure 9 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the roller and rubber sleeve of the present invention; Figure 10 This is a three-dimensional structural cross-sectional view of the roller and the limiting ring of the present invention; Figure 11 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the elastic strip and locking plate of the present invention; Figure 12 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the elastic strip and limiting post of the present invention.

[0018] Icons: 100, workover rig; 1, main mounting component; 2, auxiliary mounting component; 3, mounting bracket; 4, pneumatic push rod; 5, connector; 6, fixing tile; 601, main extrusion surface; 602, auxiliary extrusion surface; 7, fixing frame; 8, spring; 9, fixing shaft; 10, roller; 11, electromagnetic push rod; 12, mounting plate; 13, ratchet; 131, one-way groove; 14, rubber sleeve; 141, through groove; 15, elastic strip; 151, limiting groove; 16, locking plate; 161, sliding groove; 162, locking ramp; 17, limiting ring; 18, locking strip; 19, limiting post; 191, limiting ridge; 20, torsion spring. Detailed Implementation

[0019] The following is a detailed description of a step-type self-balancing derrick workover rig provided by the present invention, with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments. It should be noted that, to make the embodiments more detailed, the following embodiments are the best and preferred embodiments; those skilled in the art can also use other alternative methods to implement some known technologies; and the accompanying drawings are only for more specific description of the embodiments and are not intended to specifically limit the present invention.

[0020] Example 1 This embodiment discloses a step-type self-balancing derrick workover rig, which solves the problem that if the jack and tubing accidentally slip during workover operations, the tubing will fall into the wellbore, causing an engineering safety accident.

[0021] See Figures 1 to 6A step-type self-balancing derrick workover rig includes: a workover rig 100, the workover rig 100 being connected to the tubing string using existing clamps (not shown in the attached diagram); a main mounting component 1 and a secondary mounting component 2 are bolted to the workover rig 100, and are fixedly connected by a connecting plate and bolts; the main mounting component 1 and the secondary mounting component 2 together form a cylindrical shape, through which the tubing string passes; three sets of equally spaced annular fixing frames 3 are fixedly connected to the main mounting component 1 and the secondary mounting component 2, each set of fixing frames 3 containing two symmetrically distributed fixing frames 3; the two fixing frames 3 in the same set are rotatably connected to a pneumatic push rod 4 via a connecting rod. The telescopic end of the movable push rod 4 is fixedly connected to a connector 5, and the connector 5 is rotatably connected to a fixing plate 6. The fixing plate 6 consists of a clamping body, multiple toothed plates, and an arc-shaped fixing strip. The multiple toothed plates are embedded in the clamping body on the side near the axis of the main mounting component 1. The toothed plates are used to directly compress the tube string. The ends of the toothed plates are compressed and fixed to the clamping body by the arc-shaped fixing strip. The fixing plate 6 is used to compress the tube string. The lower part of the fixing plate 6 is provided with a main extrusion surface 601 on the side near the pneumatic push rod 4. In the direction from bottom to top, the horizontal distance between each point on the main extrusion surface 601 and the axis of the main mounting component 1 gradually increases. The main mounting component 1 and the auxiliary mounting component 2 are both provided with auxiliary extrusion surfaces 602 near the corresponding main extrusion surfaces 601.

[0022] The above setup enables the pneumatic pusher 4 to apply pressure to the fixed pad 6 based on the compressibility of air, allowing the pipe string to move upward relative to the fixed pad 6. When the pipe string accidentally slips out, the fixed pad 6, guided by the main extrusion surface 601 and the secondary extrusion surface 602, increases the extrusion pressure of the fixed pad 6 on the pipe string, squeezing and fixing the pipe string. In this way, the descent of the pipe string is limited without affecting its lifting, reducing the probability of the pipe string falling into the well.

[0023] It should be noted that in this embodiment, a single fixed tile 6 has only one main extrusion surface 601 at its lower part.

[0024] See Figures 5 to 9A receiving groove is provided on the side of the fixed tile 6 near the axis of the main mounting component 1. A fixed frame 7 is slidably connected in the receiving groove of the fixed tile 6, and the fixed frame 7 is completely located in the receiving groove of the corresponding fixed tile 6. A spring 8 is fixedly connected between the fixed tile 6 and the corresponding fixed frame 7. A fixed shaft 9 is fixedly connected to the fixed frame 7 near the axis of the main mounting component 1. A roller 10 is rotatably connected to the fixed shaft 9. The middle part of the roller 10 protrudes outside the receiving groove of the corresponding fixed tile 6. As the fixed tile 6 approaches the pipe string, the roller 10 can preferentially contact the fixed tile 6 with the pipe string. The roller 10 is in contact with the pipe string; a rubber sleeve 14 is fixed to the circumference of the roller 10. The rubber sleeve 14 is provided with annularly distributed through grooves 141. The presence of the through grooves 141 allows the rubber sleeve 14 to squeeze and discharge impurities such as mud, crude oil, and scale on the surface of the pipe string into the through grooves 141 when it comes into contact with the pipe string. This allows the rubber sleeve 14 to directly contact the pipe string and embed itself into the mud, crude oil, scale, and other impurities in the pipe string, increasing the friction between the rubber sleeve 14 and the pipe string. A one-way component is provided on the fixed frame 7 to limit the one-way rotation of the corresponding roller 10.

[0025] The above configuration enables the rubber sleeve 14 to replace the fixed tile 6 in contact with the pipe string and detect the direction of movement of the pipe string. On the one hand, when the pipe string slips, it can drive the fixed tile 6 to contact the pipe string and fix the pipe string. On the other hand, it can reduce the wear between the fixed tile 6 and the pipe string and extend the service life of the fixed tile 6 and the pipe string.

[0026] See Figures 7 to 10 The one-way component includes: an electromagnetic push rod 11, which is installed on the fixed frame 7 away from the axis of the main mounting component 1. When the electromagnetic push rod 11 is energized, the telescopic end of the electromagnetic push rod 11 can still move relative to the electromagnetic push rod 11 under the action of external force. The telescopic end of the electromagnetic push rod 11 is fixedly connected to a mounting plate 12, which is slidably connected to the fixed frame 7. The side of the mounting plate 12 near the roller 10 is fixedly connected with annularly distributed ratchet teeth 13. The cross-section of the ratchet teeth 13 is triangular. The side of the roller 10 near the mounting plate 12 is provided with annularly distributed one-way grooves 131. The number of one-way grooves 131 is equal to the number of ratchet teeth 13. The ratchet teeth 13 restrict the rotation of the corresponding roller 10 through the corresponding one-way grooves 131.

[0027] The above setting enables the roller 10 to be restricted to rotate in one direction by changing the contact state between the roller 10 and the ratchet 13. Thus, if the pipe string falls during the lifting process, the roller 10 will stop rotating and the fixed plate 6 will be moved down by the friction between the rubber sleeve 14 and the pipe string, so that the fixed plate 6 can squeeze and fix the pipe string.

[0028] Fall prevention procedure during pipe string lifting: Before lifting the pipe string, activate three pneumatic push rods 4, extending their telescopic ends. These telescopic ends move the fixing pads 6, causing the main extrusion surface 601 to slide along the corresponding secondary extrusion surface 602. This causes the fixing pads 6 to move diagonally downwards and gradually approach the pipe string until the rubber sleeve 14 contacts it. Continue supplying air to the pneumatic push rods 4, but ensure the pressure applied to the fixing pads 6 by the telescopic ends of the pneumatic push rods 4 is insufficient to compress and store the spring 8. However, the pressure between the rubber sleeve 14 and the pipe string... There is a squeezing force between them, which makes the telescopic end of the pneumatic push rod 4 tend to extend outward. However, due to the contact between the rubber sleeve 14 and the pipe string, the fixing tile 6 cannot continue to move diagonally downward. The electromagnetic push rod 11 is activated, which causes the telescopic end of the electromagnetic push rod 11 to move the mounting plate 12 closer to the roller 10, so that the ratchet 13 enters the corresponding one-way groove 131. The electromagnetic push rod 11 is kept open, so that the mounting plate 12 always tends to move closer to the roller 10 under the action of the electromagnetic push rod 11. At this point, the preparation work is completed, and the lifting of the pipe string begins.

[0029] When the pipe string's diameter change point passes the main mounting component 1 and the auxiliary mounting component 2, the diameter change point squeezes the rubber sleeve 14 upwards, causing the rubber sleeve 14 to move obliquely upwards via the roller 10, fixed shaft 9, and fixed frame 7, compressing the air inside the pneumatic push rod 4, causing the telescopic end of the pneumatic push rod 4 to retract, until the pipe string's diameter change point can pass through the three rubber sleeves 14. At this point, the rubber sleeve 14 and the fixed plate 6 stop moving, and after losing contact with the rubber sleeve 14 at the pipe string's diameter change point, the fixed plate 6, roller 10, fixed shaft 9, fixed frame 7, and rubber sleeve 14 move obliquely downwards and reset under the action of the air pressure inside the pneumatic push rod 4.

[0030] During the lifting process, the pipe string drives the rubber sleeve 14 and roller 10 to rotate through friction. When the roller 10 rotates, the ratchet 13 inside the one-way groove 131 is squeezed out, causing the mounting plate 12 to move away from the roller 10. As the roller 10 rotates, the ratchet 13 re-enters the corresponding one-way groove 13 when the one-way groove 131 corresponds to the next ratchet 13. In this way, the ratchet 13 and the one-way groove 131 are used to restrict the roller 10 to rotate only in one direction.

[0031] When the tube string slips and falls, it attempts to rotate the rubber sleeve 14 in the opposite direction through friction. However, due to the action of the ratchet 13 and the one-way groove 131, the roller 10 cannot rotate in the opposite direction. At this time, the tube string, through the friction between itself and the rubber sleeve 14, drives the rubber sleeve 14, roller 10, fixed shaft 9, fixed frame 7, and fixed plate 6 to move downwards. At the same time, the telescopic end of the pneumatic push rod 4 extends. During the downward movement, the fixed plate 6 gradually approaches the tube string, and the distance between the tube string and the fixed plate 6 gradually decreases, causing the roller 10 and rubber sleeve 14 to move downwards. The fixed shaft 9 and fixed frame 7 gradually enter the receiving groove of the fixed tile 6 and compress the spring 8. Finally, the fixed tile 6 contacts the pipe string and squeezes and fixes the pipe string, thus realizing the anti-fall operation of the pipe string. When the pipe string is reconnected to the lifting clamp, the pipe string continues to be lifted, and the pipe string can drive the fixed tile 6 to move upward, so that the fixed tile 6 loses contact with the pipe string. At this time, the fixed frame 7, fixed shaft 9, roller 10 and rubber sleeve 14 re-expose the receiving groove of the fixed tile 6 under the elastic force of the spring 8, and the telescopic end of the pneumatic push rod 4 retracts.

[0032] Example 2 This embodiment is a further optimization based on embodiment 1, used to reduce the probability of the pipe string falling into the well during the lowering of the pipe string.

[0033] See Figures 7 to 12 The roller 10 is provided with annularly distributed equidistant limiting grooves 151 and annularly distributed sliding grooves 161. The number of corresponding limiting grooves 151, sliding grooves 161 and through grooves 141 within the same roller 10 are equal, and they are sequentially connected in the direction from the axis of the roller 10 outwards. The lengths of the limiting grooves 151, sliding grooves 161 and through grooves 141 are equal. An elastic strip 15 is placed in the limiting groove 151. The elastic strip 15 is made of elastic metal, and alloy spring steel is selected here. A locking plate 16 is fixed to the middle of the elastic strip 15. The length of the locking plate 16 is half the length of the elastic strip 15. The widths of the elastic strip 15 and the locking plate 16 are equal and equal to the width of the sliding groove 161. The width allows the elastic strip 15 to enter the corresponding sliding groove 161 in a bent state; the locking plate 16 is made of hard metal, and high-quality alloy steel is used here; the locking plate 16 slides in the corresponding sliding groove 161, and the two ends of the roller 10 are fixed with limit rings 17. The limit rings 17 are used to block the corresponding limit groove 151 and the corresponding sliding groove 161. When the roller 10 is stationary, the elastic strip 15 and the locking plate 16 are restricted in the limit groove 151 and the sliding groove 161, and the minimum distance between the two limit rings 17 is equal to the length of the elastic strip 15; the fixed frame 7 is fixed with two locking strips 18 that are symmetrically distributed vertically, and the two locking strips 18 are located on the upper and lower sides of the corresponding roller 10 respectively.

[0034] The above setup enables the locking plate 16 to change its relative position to the roller 10 by comparing the elasticity of the elastic strip 15 with the centrifugal force on the locking plate 16. As the rotational speed of the roller 10 increases, the locking plate 16 gradually slides outward along the corresponding sliding groove 161. When the locking plate 16 contacts the locking strip 18, it restricts the rotation of the roller 10. The rotational speed of the roller 10 is used to determine the movement state of the pipe string. If the pipe string falls during the lowering process, the roller 10 is locked, causing the roller 10 to drive the fixing tile 6 to press and fix the pipe string, thus reducing the probability of the pipe string falling into the well during the lowering process.

[0035] See Figure 11 and Figure 12 Both ends of the elastic strip 15 are provided with three equidistant limiting protrusions 191. The elastic strip 15 is slidably connected to two symmetrically distributed limiting posts 19. The two symmetrically distributed limiting posts 19 are located on both sides of the length direction of the corresponding elastic strip 15. The limiting posts 19 are engaged with the adjacent limiting protrusions 191. The limiting posts 19 slide in the corresponding limiting grooves 151. The axial length of the limiting posts 19 is equal to the groove width of the limiting grooves 151. The groove width of the limiting grooves 151 is greater than the groove width of the sliding grooves 161.

[0036] The above settings can achieve the following: by changing the position of the limiting post 19 and the corresponding elastic strip 15, the length of the elastic strip 15 between the two corresponding limiting posts 19 is changed, so that the magnitude of the elastic force required to overcome the elastic strip 15 when the locking plate 16 moves a unit distance is changed, thereby adjusting the critical value of the rotational speed of the roller 10 when the locking plate 16 protrudes out of the sliding groove 161 and contacts the locking strip 18.

[0037] When the limiting post 19 is engaged with the limiting protrusion 191 on the outermost side of the elastic strip 15, the length of the deformation area of ​​the elastic strip 15 is the longest. At this time, under the same centrifugal force, the elastic strip 15 can deform to the greatest extent. When the locking plate 16 protrudes out of the corresponding sliding groove 161, the rotation speed of the corresponding roller 10 is the smallest.

[0038] When the limiting post 19 is engaged with the limiting protrusion 191 closest to the center of the elastic strip 15, the length of the deformation area of ​​the elastic strip 15 is the shortest. At this time, under the same centrifugal force, the elastic strip 15 can deform to the smallest extent. When the locking plate 16 protrudes out of the corresponding sliding groove 161, the rotation speed of the corresponding roller 10 is the largest.

[0039] Fall prevention procedure during the lowering of the tube string: When lowering the tube string, repeat the steps in Example 1, keep the rubber sleeve 14 in contact with the side wall of the tube string, and at the same time release the force of the electromagnetic push rod 11 on the mounting plate 12, keeping the ratchet 13 separated from the one-way groove 131.

[0040] When the pipe string passes between the three fixed tiles 6 at the diameter change point, the telescopic end of the pneumatic push rod 4 is actively controlled to retract, so that the three fixed tiles 6 are reset. Then the pipe string continues to be lowered until the diameter change point of the pipe string passes the fixed tiles 6. Then the telescopic end of the pneumatic push rod 4 is re-controlled to extend, so as to keep the rubber sleeve 14 in contact with the pipe string.

[0041] When the pipe string falls, the downward speed of the pipe string increases rapidly, which increases the rotation speed of the rubber sleeve 14 and the roller 10. The circumferential rotation speed of the locking plate 16 inside the roller 10 increases, and the centrifugal force on the locking plate 16 increases. Under the action of centrifugal force, the locking plate 16 gradually overcomes the elastic force of the corresponding elastic strip 15, causing the elastic strip 15 to bend and arch from the middle to the outer periphery of the roller 10. The length of the elastic strip 15 in the axial direction of the roller 10 decreases, and drives the two corresponding limiting posts 19 to slide in the corresponding limiting grooves 151. At the same time, the locking plate 16 slides along the sliding groove 161.

[0042] When the rotational speed of the roller 10 reaches its critical value, the locking plate 16 extends out of the corresponding through groove 141. When the locking plate 16 rotates to the locking bar 18, the locking plate 16 contacts the locking bar 18 (in this state, half of the locking plate 16 is still located in the corresponding sliding groove 161), restricting the roller 10 to stop rotating. At this time, the steps in Embodiment 1 are repeated. The pipe string moves the rubber sleeve 14 and the fixing tile 6 downward by friction. The rubber sleeve 14 and the roller 10 gradually retract into the receiving groove of the fixing tile 6 until the fixing tile 6 abuts against the pipe string and squeezes and fixes the pipe string. In this way, by detecting the moving speed of the pipe string, it is determined whether the pipe string has fallen. When it falls, the fixing tile 6 actively clamps the pipe string. This reaction is fast and sensitive, reducing the probability of the pipe string falling into the well.

[0043] After the fixing tile 6 fixes the pipe string, the locking plate 16 that contacts the locking strip 18 remains stationary relative to the roller 10 due to the friction between them. The remaining locking plates 16 on the roller 10 are reset relative to the roller 10 under the elastic force of the corresponding elastic strip 15. After the pipe string is reconnected to the hanging clamp, the steps in Embodiment 1 are repeated to lift the pipe string upward until the roller 10 and the rubber sleeve 14 protrude out of the receiving groove of the corresponding fixing tile 6 and are reset relative to the fixing tile 6. After the locking plate 16 is reset relative to the roller 10 under the elastic force of the corresponding elastic strip 15, the lifting of the pipe string is stopped and the pipe string is lowered.

[0044] Example 3 This embodiment is a further optimization based on embodiment 2.

[0045] See Figure 12The locking plate 16 has two symmetrically distributed locking ramps 162 located away from the corresponding elastic strip 15. The axis of the roller 10 is located on the plane of the corresponding locking ramp 162. The plane of the side of the locking strip 18 that contacts the corresponding locking ramp 162 also passes through the axis of the roller 10. This ensures that when the locking plate 16 protrudes from the corresponding through groove 141 and abuts against the locking strip 18, the side of the locking ramp 162 that contacts the locking strip 18 will not generate a radial force along the roller 10, thereby maintaining the stability of the contact state between the locking plate 16 and the locking strip 18.

[0046] Example 4 This embodiment is a further optimization based on embodiment 3, designed to address the situation where well pressure fluctuations cause pipe string movement.

[0047] During pressurized operations, due to the pressure inside the well, when pressure fluctuations occur and the pressure exceeds the weight of the tubing string, the pressure inside the well will squeeze the tubing string outward, causing it to rise uncontrollably. When the tubing string rises, it is easy for it to separate from the lifting clamp. Furthermore, when the tubing string falls to its highest point, it will exert an impact force on the workover rig's wire rope and lifting clamp, increasing the probability of the tubing string slipping off.

[0048] See Figures 3 to 5 The main extrusion surfaces 601 on the same fixed tile 6 are two symmetrically distributed surfaces. A single electromagnetic push rod 11 corresponds to two symmetrically distributed mounting plates 12. The two mounting plates 12 are located at the two ends of the corresponding rollers 10. The unidirectional grooves 131 at both ends of the rollers 10 have the same shape but opposite directions.

[0049] The above settings enable the pipe string to not only reduce the probability of it falling into the well by limiting the unidirectional rotation of the roller 10 and combining it with the speed detection of the roller 10 during the lowering process, but also to limit the upward movement of the pipe string when it is subjected to pressure inside the well by controlling the unidirectional rotation of the roller 10. The same applies during the lifting process. In this way, not only can the probability of the pipe string falling into the well be reduced, but the upward movement of the pipe string under pressure can also be limited, thus reducing the danger of the pipe string moving upward.

[0050] See Figure 4 and Figure 5 A torsion spring 20 is fixed between the connecting piece 5 and the corresponding fixed tile 6. The torsion spring 20 is used to maintain the stability of the initial relative angle between the pneumatic push rod 4 and the corresponding fixed tile 6. The vertical length of the fixed tile 6 is greater than the minimum distance between the two corresponding secondary extrusion surfaces 602, so that when the pneumatic push rod 4 retracts, the fixed tile 6 moves to the outer side of the middle of the two secondary extrusion surfaces 602 under the combined action of the two secondary extrusion surfaces 602, which is used to maintain the initial position of the fixed tile 6 (i.e., attached). Figure 4The relative positions of the fixed tile 6 and the pneumatic push rod 4 shown in the figure are such that the spacing between the three fixed tiles 6 is maximized, and the diameter change point on the supply pipe string passes over the fixed tile 6.

[0051] The process to prevent the tube string from climbing up and falling (taking climbing up during the lowering of the tube string as an example): Repeat the steps in Example 1, so that the lower main extrusion surface 601 abuts against the lower secondary extrusion surface 602, and the upper main extrusion surface 601 loses contact with the upper secondary extrusion surface 602, while maintaining the contact between the rubber sleeve 14 and the tube string. By controlling the extension direction of the extension end of the electromagnetic push rod 11, the two mounting plates 12 always have a unidirectional tendency to move, that is, the mounting plate 12 on one side has a tendency to move closer to the roller 10, while the mounting plate 12 on the other side has a tendency to move away from the roller 10, so that the roller 10 and the rubber sleeve 14 can only rotate unidirectionally in accordance with the lowering action of the tube string.

[0052] When the tube string is pressed upwards, the roller 10 is restricted from rotating by the ratchet 13 and the one-way groove 131. The tube string, through the friction between itself and the rubber sleeve 14, drives the rubber sleeve 14, roller 10, fixed shaft 9, fixed frame 7 and fixed tile 6 to move upwards together, causing the telescopic end of the pneumatic push rod 4 to retract. At the same time, the pneumatic push rod 4 swings until it swings to a horizontal state and continues to swing. The air pressure in the pneumatic push rod 4 drives its telescopic end to extend and applies pressure to the fixed tile 6, keeping the rubber sleeve 14 in contact with the tube string. After the upper main extrusion surface 601 contacts the upper secondary extrusion surface 602, as the tube string continues to move upwards, the fixed tile 6 slides obliquely upwards and gradually approaches the tube string, squeezing the roller 10 and rubber sleeve 14 into the receiving groove of the fixed tile 6. The fixed tile 6 limits the tube string at the upper secondary extrusion surface 602, restricting the tube string from moving upwards.

[0053] When the tube string falls after rising, it is in a free fall state, resulting in a fast downward speed. During the downward movement, the tube string first moves the fixing plate 6 downward, causing the fixing plate 6 to lose contact with the tube string. At the same time, the rubber sleeve 14 and the roller 10 re-expose themselves from the receiving groove of the fixing plate 6 and return to their original positions under the action of the spring 8. The tube string drives the roller 10 to move at an accelerated speed until the rotation speed of the roller 10 reaches its critical value, at which point the roller 10 stops rotating. The above steps are repeated, and the tube string moves the rubber sleeve 14 and the fixing plate 6 downward through friction, so that the fixing plate 6 squeezes and fixes the tube string at the lower secondary extrusion surface 602.

[0054] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention. It should be noted that for those skilled in the art, several improvements and modifications can be made without departing from the principle of the present invention, and these improvements and modifications should also be considered within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A stepping self-balancing derrick workover rig, characterized in that, include: A workover rig (100) is equipped with a main mounting component (1) and a secondary mounting component (2). The main mounting component (1) and the secondary mounting component (2) are fixedly connected. The main mounting component (1) and the secondary mounting component (2) together form a cylindrical shape. A pipe string passes between the main mounting component (1) and the secondary mounting component (2). Several sets of fixed frames (3) are fixedly connected to the main mounting component (1) and the secondary mounting component (2) in a ring. Each set of fixed frames (3) includes two fixed frames (3) symmetrically distributed. The two fixed frames (3) in the same set are rotatably connected to a pneumatic push rod (4). The telescopic end of the pneumatic push rod (4) is fixedly connected to a connector (5). The component (5) is rotatably connected to a fixed tile (6), which is used to extrude the tube string. The fixed tile (6) has a main extrusion surface (601) on the side near the pneumatic push rod (4). In the direction from bottom to top, the horizontal distance between each point on the main extrusion surface (601) and the axis of the main mounting component (1) gradually increases. The main mounting component (1) and the auxiliary mounting component (2) are both provided with auxiliary extrusion surfaces (602) near the corresponding main extrusion surface (601). The telescopic end of the pneumatic push rod (4) drives the fixed tile (6) to move. The main extrusion surface (601) slides along the corresponding auxiliary extrusion surface (602), so that the fixed tile (6) moves obliquely downward and gradually approaches the tube string. A receiving groove is provided on the side of the middle of the fixed tile (6) near the axis of the main mounting component (1). A fixed frame (7) is slidably connected in the receiving groove of the fixed tile (6). A spring (8) is fixed between the fixed tile (6) and the corresponding fixed frame (7). A fixed shaft (9) is fixedly connected to the fixed frame (7) near the axis of the main mounting component (1). A roller (10) is rotatably connected to the fixed shaft (9). The middle of the roller (10) protrudes out of the receiving groove of the corresponding fixed tile (6). During the process of the fixed tile (6) approaching the pipe string, the roller (10) can contact the pipe string first before the fixed tile (6). A one-way component is provided on the fixed frame (7) to limit the one-way rotation of the corresponding roller (10).

2. The stepping self-balancing derrick workover rig according to claim 1, characterized in that, The unidirectional component includes: An electromagnetic push rod (11) is installed on the fixed frame (7) at a position away from the axis of the main mounting component (1). The telescopic end of the electromagnetic push rod (11) is fixedly connected to a mounting plate (12). The mounting plate (12) is slidably connected to the fixed frame (7). The side of the mounting plate (12) near the roller (10) is fixedly connected with annularly distributed ratchet teeth (13). The side of the roller (10) near the mounting plate (12) is provided with annularly distributed one-way grooves (131). The number of one-way grooves (131) is equal to the number of ratchet teeth (13). The ratchet teeth (13) restrict the rotation of the corresponding roller (10) through the corresponding one-way grooves (131).

3. The stepping self-balancing derrick workover rig according to claim 2, characterized in that, A rubber sleeve (14) is fixed to the periphery of the roller (10), and the rubber sleeve (14) is provided with annularly distributed through grooves (141).

4. The step-type self-balancing derrick workover rig according to claim 3, characterized in that, The roller (10) is provided with annularly distributed equidistant limiting grooves (151) and annularly distributed sliding grooves (161). The number of corresponding limiting grooves (151), corresponding sliding grooves (161) and corresponding through grooves (141) in the same roller (10) are equal and connected one by one. An elastic strip (15) is placed in the limiting groove (151). The elastic strip (15) is fixedly connected to a locking plate (16). The locking plate (16) slides in the corresponding sliding groove (161). The roller (10) is fixedly connected to two symmetrically distributed limiting rings (17). The limiting rings (17) are used to block the corresponding limiting grooves (151) and the corresponding sliding grooves (161). The fixed frame (7) is fixedly connected to two symmetrically distributed locking strips (18). The two locking strips (18) are located on both sides of the corresponding roller (10).

5. The stepping self-balancing derrick workover rig according to claim 4, characterized in that, Both ends of the elastic strip (15) are provided with equidistantly distributed limiting protrusions (191). The elastic strip (15) is slidably connected to two symmetrically distributed limiting posts (19). The limiting posts (19) are engaged on the adjacent limiting protrusions (191), and the limiting posts (19) slide in the corresponding limiting grooves (151).

6. The stepping self-balancing derrick workover rig according to claim 5, characterized in that, The locking plate (16) has two symmetrically distributed locking ramps (162) located away from the corresponding elastic strip (15), and the axis of the roller (10) is located on the plane corresponding to the locking ramps (162).

7. The stepping self-balancing derrick workover rig according to claim 6, characterized in that, The main extrusion surface (601) on the same fixed tile (6) is two symmetrically distributed vertically. A single electromagnetic push rod (11) corresponds to two symmetrically distributed mounting plates (12). The two mounting plates (12) are located at the two ends of the corresponding roller (10). The one-way grooves (131) at both ends of the roller (10) have the same shape but opposite directions.

8. The step-type self-balancing derrick workover rig according to claim 7, characterized in that, A torsion spring (20) is fixed between the connector (5) and the corresponding fixing tile (6).

9. The stepping self-balancing derrick workover rig according to claim 8, characterized in that, The vertical length of the fixed tile (6) is greater than the minimum distance between the two corresponding sub-extrusion surfaces (602).

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