Multi-compatible intelligent USB power supply simulation dry battery power conversion device

Abstract

The application discloses a multi-compatibility intelligent USB power supply imitation dry battery power conversion device, which comprises a USB power supply input module for connecting with 5V power supply voltage of an external USB power supply; an intelligent voltage conversion and management module electrically connected with the USB power supply input module and used for converting the 5V power supply voltage into 3V direct current output voltage; a battery electrode output module electrically connected with an output end of the intelligent voltage conversion and management module and used for conducting the 3V direct current output voltage to a battery compartment of an external power consumption equipment; and a working state indication module electrically connected with the intelligent voltage conversion and management module and used for directly displaying the working state of the current device to a user, including a power-on state and a fault protection state. The application adopts a synchronous rectification step-down type DC-DC chip to cooperate with current detection and an electronic switch, realizes accurate and stable voltage conversion from 5V to 3V, has an automatic sleep function under no load, and solves the problems of unstable direct power supply voltage and excessively high power consumption of the USB power supply.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of electronic power supply technology, and in particular to a multi-compatible intelligent USB-powered dry-cell battery-like power conversion device. Background Technology

[0002] With the rapid development of intelligent technology, the application scenarios of portable electronic devices are becoming increasingly widespread, covering multiple fields such as home control (e.g., remote control), office assistance (e.g., wireless mouse), timekeeping tools (e.g., clocks), and entertainment consumption (e.g., toys). Due to their small size and ease of use, these devices have become an indispensable part of people's daily life and work.

[0003] Currently, dry cell batteries remain the mainstream power source for the aforementioned portable electronic devices, with AA (size 5) and AAA (size 7) batteries holding a major market share due to their standardized size and universality. However, dry cell batteries are disposable consumables, generating a large amount of waste batteries after use. Since dry cell batteries typically contain heavy metals such as mercury, cadmium, and lead, as well as electrolyte solutions, improper disposal without proper recycling can lead to seepage into soil and water bodies, damaging the ecological environment and wasting resources such as zinc and manganese, contradicting the current advocacy of green environmental protection and resource recycling. Furthermore, frequent battery replacements increase user costs, and the availability of dry cell batteries is limited in certain special scenarios (such as remote areas or emergency use).

[0004] From a voltage compatibility perspective, traditional AA and AAA dry cell batteries typically have a nominal voltage of 1.5V. However, the internal circuit design of modern portable electronic devices has been gradually optimized. Most devices, through built-in boost modules, voltage regulator chips, or DC-DC conversion circuits, can adapt to a certain range of input voltage fluctuations (e.g., 1.2V-4.5V), and the accuracy requirements for the supply voltage are not absolutely stringent. Meanwhile, some new portable electronic devices use single-cell lithium batteries with a nominal voltage of 3.7V and a peak voltage of up to 4.2V when fully charged. This voltage range has good compatibility potential with the standard output voltage (5V) of the USB interface, providing technical feasibility for USB power supply to replace dry cell batteries.

[0005] In reality, many older portable electronic devices (such as early remote controls, traditional mechanical clocks, and classic toys) still rely on dry cell batteries for power. Their battery compartments are designed to be the standard size of AA or AAA dry cell batteries, making them incompatible with lithium batteries or USB power cables. At the same time, many manufacturers of these devices have stopped production or no longer provide upgrade solutions for compatible power supplies. Users who want to replace their devices have to bear high replacement costs, resulting in a large number of still functional devices being left idle due to power supply issues, leading to a waste of resources.

[0006] To address the aforementioned issues, some existing technologies have developed USB-powered solutions that mimic dry-cell batteries. These solutions utilize a casing designed to match the size of AA or AAA dry-cell batteries, incorporating a voltage conversion circuit to convert the 5V input from the USB interface to the 1.5V required by the device, thus replacing traditional dry-cell batteries. However, these existing solutions suffer from numerous technical shortcomings, failing to meet users' demands for power supply stability, safety, and versatility. Specific deficiencies are as follows: Current USB-based dry-cell battery-like devices generally use linear voltage regulator chips (such as 78L05, LM1117, etc.) for voltage conversion. The conversion efficiency of these chips is typically below 80%. Especially in scenarios with high output current, a large amount of electrical energy is lost as heat, causing the device's casing temperature to rise. This not only reduces energy utilization but may also damage delicate internal components due to high temperatures, and even poses a safety hazard of burning the user.

[0007] The existing circuit design is relatively simple and lacks critical protection modules such as short-circuit protection, overcurrent protection, overvoltage protection, and overtemperature protection. When the internal circuit of the portable electronic device is short-circuited, an abnormal load causes overcurrent, or the USB power input voltage fluctuates beyond the safe range, it can easily cause the USB power interface to burn out, the dry-cell battery-like device to be damaged, or even damage the internal motherboard of the device, leading to the risk of the device being scrapped.

[0008] Existing dry-cell battery-like devices mostly have fixed casing sizes, only compatible with either AA or AAA battery compartments, and cannot flexibly switch between the two sizes. If users use multiple devices with different battery compartment sizes simultaneously, they need to purchase separate dry-cell battery-like devices of the corresponding sizes, increasing user costs and making them inconvenient to carry and store, thus reducing the product's practicality.

[0009] The existing solution lacks an intuitive status indicator module (such as LED indicators), making it difficult for users to quickly determine whether the device is connected to USB power, whether the voltage conversion is normal, or whether there are any issues such as poor contact or overload. When the device malfunctions, users find it difficult to distinguish whether the problem lies with the device itself or with an abnormal power supply from the simulated dry battery, making troubleshooting inconvenient.

[0010] In summary, existing USB-powered dry-cell battery-like solutions have significant shortcomings in terms of conversion efficiency, safety, size compatibility, and status visualization, failing to meet the needs of portable electronic device users for efficient, safe, versatile, and intelligent power supply alternatives. Therefore, developing a USB-powered dry-cell battery-like power converter with high voltage conversion efficiency, comprehensive protection mechanisms, adaptability to various battery compartment sizes, and real-time status feedback is of significant practical importance and market value. Summary of the Invention

[0011] The purpose of this invention is to provide a multi-compatible intelligent USB-powered dry-cell battery-like power conversion device, which aims to solve the problems of high power consumption and environmental unfriendliness of existing dry-cell batteries, as well as the shortcomings of existing alternatives in terms of voltage stability, size compatibility, and safety protection.

[0012] This invention provides a multi-compatible intelligent USB-powered dry-cell battery-like power conversion device, comprising: The USB power input module is used to connect to an external USB power supply with a 5V power supply voltage. The intelligent voltage conversion and management module is electrically connected to the USB power input module and is used to step down the 5V power supply voltage and convert it into a 3V DC output voltage. The battery electrode output module is electrically connected to the output terminal of the intelligent voltage conversion and management module, and is used to conduct the 3V DC output voltage to the battery compartment of the external electrical device. The working status indicator module is electrically connected to the intelligent voltage conversion and management module and is used to intuitively display the current working status of the device to the user, including the power-on status and fault protection status.

[0013] In one embodiment of the present invention, the intelligent voltage conversion and management module is configured to enter a sleep mode after the output current is lower than a preset no-load threshold for a period of time.

[0014] In one embodiment of the present invention, the USB power input module includes a foldable or retractable Type-A plug or a Type-C plug.

[0015] In one embodiment of the present invention, the battery electrode output module includes a main body shell, an axially slidable positive terminal cover and a fixed negative terminal cover, and an elastic conductive component disposed inside, the elastic conductive component being used to allow the overall length of the module to expand and contract.

[0016] In one embodiment of the present invention, the battery electrode output module includes a main housing and one or more insulating outer sleeves, which can be replaced with sleeves of different specifications to adapt to battery compartments of different diameters and lengths.

[0017] In one embodiment of the present invention, the contact surfaces of the positive and negative end caps are gold-plated or nickel-plated.

[0018] In one embodiment of the present invention, the USB power input module includes an input filter capacitor and a first TVS diode; The cathode of the first TVS tube is connected to an external power supply, and the anode of the first TVS tube is grounded. The first terminal of the input filter capacitor is connected to the intelligent voltage conversion and management module and the external power supply, while the second terminal of the input filter capacitor is grounded.

[0019] In one embodiment of the present invention, the intelligent voltage conversion and management module includes a DC-DC conversion chip, a first capacitor, a first inductor, a first resistor, and a second resistor; The VIN terminal of the DC-DC converter chip is connected to the USB power input module, the EN terminal of the DC-DC converter chip is connected to the VIN terminal of the DC-DC converter chip, the GN terminal of the DC-DC converter chip is grounded, the CB terminal of the DC-DC converter chip is connected to the first terminal of the first capacitor, the SW terminal of the DC-DC converter chip is connected to the first terminal of the first inductor, and the FB terminal of the DC-DC converter chip is connected to the second terminal of the first resistor. The second terminal of the first capacitor is connected to the first terminal of the first inductor; The second terminal of the first inductor is connected to the first terminal of the first resistor; The first end of the first resistor is connected to the battery electrode output module, and the second end of the first resistor is connected to the first end of the second resistor. The second terminal of the second resistor is grounded.

[0020] In one embodiment of the present invention, the battery electrode output module includes an output filter capacitor, a first current-limiting resistor, a second current-limiting resistor, and an isolation diode; The first terminal of the output filter capacitor is connected to the intelligent voltage conversion and management module, and the second terminal of the output filter capacitor is grounded. The first end of the first current-limiting resistor is connected to the first end of the output filter capacitor, and the second end of the first current-limiting resistor is connected to the working status indicator module. The first end of the second current-limiting resistor is connected to the battery compartment of the external electrical device, and the second end of the second current-limiting resistor is connected to the working status indicator module. The first terminal of the isolation diode is connected to the first terminal of the first current-limiting resistor, and the second terminal of the isolation diode is connected to the second terminal of the second current-limiting resistor.

[0021] In one embodiment of the present invention, the working status indication module includes a first common cathode bicolor diode and a common cathode bicolor diode, which are configured to emit red and green light respectively when driven to be lit.

[0022] The present invention has the following beneficial effects: (1) Making full use of the widely available USB power supply to replace disposable dry batteries greatly reduces the cost for users to frequently purchase batteries, while reducing the generation of waste batteries from the source, which is in line with the green and environmentally friendly development concept.

[0023] (2) It adopts high-efficiency synchronous rectification DC-DC conversion technology, which has high conversion efficiency, low heat generation, and stable and accurate 3V output voltage. The built-in no-load sleep function further reduces energy consumption and improves the battery life of power supply devices such as power banks.

[0024] (3) The multi-size compatible design allows one device to be used with various common battery compartments (such as AAA and AA), eliminating the need to purchase multiple adapters for different devices. The ingenious design of the telescopic or replaceable sleeve makes it easy to use. The working status indicator light allows users to clearly see the power status, avoiding confusion caused by no output voltage.

[0025] (4) The foldable or retractable USB plug design makes the whole device smaller when not in use, making it convenient for users to carry with them and provide clean USB power to various devices at any time. Attached Figure Description

[0026] Figure 1 This diagram illustrates a circuit diagram of a multi-compatible intelligent USB-powered dry-cell battery-like power conversion device according to an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 2 This diagram illustrates the overall structure of a multi-compatible intelligent USB-powered dry-cell battery-like power conversion device according to an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 3 A circuit schematic diagram of an intelligent voltage conversion and management module according to an embodiment of the present invention is shown; and Figure 4 A cross-sectional view of the telescopic structure of the battery electrode output module in one embodiment of the present invention is shown. Detailed Implementation

[0027] In the following description, the invention is described with reference to various embodiments. However, those skilled in the art will recognize that the embodiments may be practiced without one or more specific details or with other alternatives and / or additional methods, materials, or components. In other instances, well-known structures, materials, or operations are not shown or described in detail so as not to obscure the inventive points of the invention. Similarly, for illustrative purposes, specific quantities, materials, and configurations are set forth to provide a comprehensive understanding of embodiments of the invention. However, the invention is not limited to these specific details.

[0028] In this invention, the various embodiments are merely intended to illustrate the solutions of the invention and should not be construed as limiting.

[0029] In this specification, references to "an embodiment" or "this embodiment" mean that a particular feature, structure, or characteristic described in connection with that embodiment is included in at least one embodiment of the invention. The phrase "in one embodiment" appearing throughout this specification does not necessarily refer to the same embodiment in all instances.

[0030] Furthermore, the numbering of the steps in the methods of the present invention does not limit the execution order of the method steps. Unless otherwise specified, the method steps may be executed in different orders.

[0031] The present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

[0032] Figure 1 A circuit diagram of a multi-compatible intelligent USB-powered dry-cell battery-like power conversion device according to an embodiment of the present invention is shown.

[0033] Figure 2 A schematic diagram of the overall structure of a multi-compatible intelligent USB-powered dry-cell battery-like power conversion device according to an embodiment of the present invention is shown.

[0034] like Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, in this embodiment, the multi-compatible intelligent USB-powered dry-cell battery-like power conversion device includes: The USB power input module 100 includes a foldable or retractable Type-A or Type-C plug for connecting to an external USB power source with a 5V supply voltage. The plug has a hinge at its base, allowing it to fold towards the main body of the device to reduce its storage size.

[0035] The USB power input module 100 includes an input filter capacitor C. IN First TVS pipe D IN ; The first TVS tube D IN The cathode is connected to an external power supply, and the first TVS diode D... IN The anode is grounded; Input filter capacitor C IN The first terminal is connected to the intelligent voltage conversion and management module 200 and the external power supply, and the input filter capacitor C IN The second terminal is grounded.

[0036] The intelligent voltage conversion and management module 200 is electrically connected to the USB power input module 100 and is used to step down the 5V power supply voltage and convert it into a 3V DC output voltage.

[0037] The intelligent voltage conversion and management module 200 includes a DC-DC conversion chip U1, a first capacitor C1, a first inductor L1, a first resistor R1, and a second resistor R2. The VIN terminal of the DC-DC converter chip U1 is connected to the USB power input module 100, the EN terminal of the DC-DC converter chip U1 is connected to the VIN terminal of the DC-DC converter chip U1, the GN terminal of the DC-DC converter chip U1 is grounded, the CB terminal of the DC-DC converter chip U1 is connected to the first terminal of the first capacitor C1, the SW terminal of the DC-DC converter chip U1 is connected to the first terminal of the first inductor L1, and the FB terminal of the DC-DC converter chip U1 is connected to the second terminal of the first resistor R1. The second terminal of the first capacitor C1 is connected to the first terminal of the first inductor L1; The second terminal of the first inductor L1 is connected to the first terminal of the first resistor R1; The first end of the first resistor R1 is connected to the battery electrode output module 300, and the second end of the first resistor R1 is connected to the first end of the second resistor R2. The second terminal of the second resistor R2 is grounded.

[0038] The core of the intelligent voltage conversion and management module 200 is a synchronous rectification buck DC-DC converter chip U1 (e.g., using TI's TPS560430 or an equivalent chip), with a switching frequency exceeding 500kHz, allowing for the use of miniaturized inductors and capacitors. When the output current is below 5mA for 30 seconds, the internal sleep timer of U1 is triggered, and the chip enters a low quiescent current sleep mode. The PG (PowerGood) pin of U1 outputs a normal power signal.

[0039] Battery electrode output module 300, such as Figure 4 As shown, the module includes a cylindrical insulating main body shell 301. A negative terminal cap 302, with gold-plated contact surfaces, is fixedly mounted at one end of the main body shell 301. The other end of the main body shell 301 is open, and an axially sliding conductive slider 303 is located inside. A positive terminal cap 304, also gold-plated, is fixedly mounted at the front end of the conductive slider 303. A compression spring 305 is located between the conductive slider 303 and the rear end inside the main body shell 301. This spring also acts as a conductor, electrically connecting the positive terminal cap 304 to the positive output terminal on the internal circuit board. The negative terminal cap 302 is directly electrically connected to the negative output terminal on the internal circuit board via a wire. This structure allows the length of the entire output module to adaptively expand and contract between Lmin (corresponding to the length of an AAA battery) and Lmax (corresponding to the length of an AA battery). When placed in the battery compartment, the end caps at both ends fit tightly against the positive and negative contacts of the battery compartment under the action of the spring force.

[0040] The battery electrode output module 300 includes an output filter capacitor C. out First current-limiting resistor R limit（r） The second current-limiting resistor R limit（g） Isolation diode Disolation ; The output filter capacitor C out The first terminal is connected to the intelligent voltage conversion and management module 200, and the output filter capacitor C out The second terminal is grounded; First current-limiting resistor R limit（r） The first terminal is connected to the output filter capacitor C. out The first terminal, the first current-limiting resistor R limit（r） The second end is connected to the working status indicator module 400; Second current-limiting resistor R limit（g） The first terminal is connected to the battery compartment of the external electrical device, and the second current-limiting resistor R limit（g） The second end is connected to the working status indicator module 400; Isolation diode D isolation The first terminal is connected to the first current-limiting resistor R. limit（r） The first terminal, isolation diode D isolation The second terminal is connected to the second current-limiting resistor R. limit（g） The second end.

[0041] The operating status indicator module 400 includes a first common cathode bicolor diode D. light(red) With the second common cathode bicolor diode D light（green） When activated, it can emit red and green light respectively; R limit（r） With R limit（g） They are D light(red) With D light（green） The current-limiting resistor.

[0042] Due to the isolation diode, the LED connected to the anode terminal only illuminates when an external USB power source is connected. Without an external power source, the red LED does not illuminate. The green LED illuminates under both battery and external power supply conditions.

[0043] like Figure 3 As shown, when this device is needed, the battery electrode output module 300 is compressed or stretched to a suitable length according to the battery compartment length of the target device (the spring will automatically compensate for minor differences), and then placed into the battery compartment of the device according to the positive and negative polarity. The foldable USB power input module 100 is then unfolded and plugged into a USB power adapter or power bank. The 5V USB voltage is processed by the intelligent voltage conversion and management module 200 to output a stable 3V voltage. The operating status indicator module 400 displays green, indicating normal operation. If the powered device malfunctions, causing excessive current, the device will automatically cut off the output and display a red fault light to protect the device and power supply.

[0044] In another embodiment of the invention, the battery electrode output module 300 employs a replaceable insulating sleeve. The main body of the module is a standard AA battery-sized cylinder of fixed length. The device includes an insulating sleeve of moderate thickness with an inner diameter matching the outer diameter of the main body. When power needs to be supplied to the device in the AAA battery compartment, this sleeve can be fitted onto the main body, increasing the overall diameter to accommodate the narrower width of the AAA battery compartment. This solution is simpler in structure and lower in cost.

[0045] In another embodiment of the present invention, the intelligent voltage conversion and management module 200 further includes an input reverse connection protection diode connected in series with the positive terminal of the USB input to prevent the user from accidentally reversing the USB power supply (although USB interfaces are usually designed to prevent reverse connection, this is a redundant protection design).

[0046] Although various embodiments of the invention have been described above, it should be understood that they are presented by way of example only and not as limitations. It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various combinations, modifications, and alterations can be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. Therefore, the breadth and scope of the invention disclosed herein should not be limited by the exemplary embodiments disclosed above, but should be defined solely by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A multi-compatible intelligent USB-powered, dry-cell battery-like power conversion device, characterized in that, include: The USB power input module is used to connect to an external USB power supply with a 5V power supply voltage. The intelligent voltage conversion and management module is electrically connected to the USB power input module and is used to step down the 5V power supply voltage and convert it into a 3V DC output voltage. The battery electrode output module is electrically connected to the output terminal of the intelligent voltage conversion and management module, and is used to conduct the 3V DC output voltage to the battery compartment of the external electrical device. The working status indicator module is electrically connected to the intelligent voltage conversion and management module and is used to intuitively display the current working status of the device to the user, including the power-on status and fault protection status.

2. The apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that, The intelligent voltage conversion and management module is configured to enter a sleep mode after the output current is lower than a preset no-load threshold for a period of time.

3. The apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that, The USB power input module includes a foldable or retractable Type-A plug or a Type-C plug.

4. The apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that, The battery electrode output module includes a main housing, an axially sliding positive end cover and a fixed negative end cover, and an elastic conductive component disposed inside, which is used to allow the overall length of the battery electrode output module to expand and contract.

5. The apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that, The battery electrode output module includes a main housing and one or more insulating outer sleeves, which can be replaced with different sizes of sleeves to adapt to battery compartments of different diameters and lengths.

6. The apparatus according to claim 4, characterized in that, The contact surfaces of the positive and negative end caps are plated with gold or nickel.

7. The apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that, The USB power input module includes an input filter capacitor and a first TVS diode. The cathode of the first TVS tube is connected to an external power supply, and the anode of the first TVS tube is grounded. The first terminal of the input filter capacitor is connected to the intelligent voltage conversion and management module and the external power supply, while the second terminal of the input filter capacitor is grounded.

8. The apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that, The intelligent voltage conversion and management module includes a DC-DC conversion chip, a first capacitor, a first inductor, a first resistor, and a second resistor; The VIN terminal of the DC-DC converter chip is connected to the USB power input module, the EN terminal of the DC-DC converter chip is connected to the VIN terminal of the DC-DC converter chip, the GN terminal of the DC-DC converter chip is grounded, the CB terminal of the DC-DC converter chip is connected to the first terminal of the first capacitor, the SW terminal of the DC-DC converter chip is connected to the first terminal of the first inductor, and the FB terminal of the DC-DC converter chip is connected to the second terminal of the first resistor. The second terminal of the first capacitor is connected to the first terminal of the first inductor; The second terminal of the first inductor is connected to the first terminal of the first resistor; The first end of the first resistor is connected to the battery electrode output module, and the second end of the first resistor is connected to the first end of the second resistor. The second terminal of the second resistor is grounded.

9. The apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that, The battery electrode output module includes an output filter capacitor, a first current-limiting resistor, a second current-limiting resistor, and an isolation diode. The first terminal of the output filter capacitor is connected to the intelligent voltage conversion and management module, and the second terminal of the output filter capacitor is grounded. The first end of the first current-limiting resistor is connected to the first end of the output filter capacitor, and the second end of the first current-limiting resistor is connected to the working status indicator module. The first end of the second current-limiting resistor is connected to the battery compartment of the external electrical device, and the second end of the second current-limiting resistor is connected to the working status indicator module. The first terminal of the isolation diode is connected to the first terminal of the first current-limiting resistor, and the second terminal of the isolation diode is connected to the second terminal of the second current-limiting resistor.

10. The apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that, The working status indication module includes a first common cathode bicolor diode and a common cathode bicolor diode, which are configured to emit red and green light respectively when driven and lit.

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