A complete mixed sheep feed and a method of preparing the same

Abstract

The application discloses a kind of all mixed sheep feed and preparation method thereof, belong to the technical field of feed.The preparation method includes: using constant temperature and humidity closed treatment cooperates with compound detoxification agent to cottonseed for detoxification treatment, preparation rumen steady state amino acid composite carrier and cellulose carrier load composite enzyme, then modified cottonseed, composite carrier, load composite enzyme are mixed with basic mixture, after conditioning, granulation obtains all mixed sheep feed.The application is through mild detoxification process, and cottonin removal and protein protection are considered, and rumen nutrient release synchronization is realized using bentonite slow-release carrier and microcrystalline cellulose immobilized composite enzyme, and essential oil and enzyme preparation are protected from processing heat inactivation.The obtained feed realizes the efficient full replacement of cottonseed to soybean meal, significantly improves the growth performance and feed conversion efficiency of Bayinbuluke black head sheep, and reduces the breeding cost.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of feed technology, specifically to a total mixed sheep feed and its preparation method. Background Technology

[0002] Bayinbuluke Black-headed Sheep is a unique and superior local sheep breed in Xinjiang, characterized by its tolerance to roughage, strong resilience, and excellent meat quality, making it a core breed in the local grassland animal husbandry. However, due to the breed's inherent physiological characteristics, it has a long fattening cycle and slow growth rate, resulting in high breeding costs. Currently, there is a lack of specialized fattening feeds on the market that match its digestive physiology and nutritional needs. Farmers mostly use general-purpose crossbred sheep complete feed, and these feeds are generally high in soybean meal, leading to high protein raw material costs and severely compressing profit margins.

[0003] Xinjiang, as a major cotton-producing region in my country, has abundant cottonseed meal resources, and its procurement cost is significantly lower than that of soybean meal, making it an ideal local protein source to replace soybean meal. Using cottonseed meal in the fattening feed of Bayinbuluke black-headed sheep can reduce feed costs and alleviate my country's high dependence on imported soybean meal. Existing technologies have attempted to replace soybean meal with cottonseed meal by supplementing limiting amino acids and adding basic enzyme preparations to improve digestibility, but its application in Bayinbuluke black-headed sheep farming still faces multiple technical bottlenecks.

[0004] First, existing gossypol detoxification technologies struggle to balance detoxification efficiency with protein quality. Incomplete detoxification carries the risk of chronic poisoning, while overtreatment can lead to protein denaturation and nutritional damage. Second, cottonseed meal and soybean meal exhibit significantly different rumen degradation characteristics. Simply supplementing with amino acids fails to synchronize nutrient release, resulting in decreased feed utilization and a loss of efficiency despite cost reduction. Third, current processes cannot effectively protect core active components such as essential oils and enzymes. High-temperature granulation easily causes thermal inactivation, and simple mixing cannot guarantee uniform dispersion of trace components, leading to poor product stability. Summary of the Invention

[0005] In view of this, the purpose of the present invention is to provide a total mixed sheep feed and a method for preparing the same.

[0006] The objective of this invention can be achieved through the following technical solutions: In a first aspect, the present invention provides a method for preparing total mixed sheep feed, comprising the following preparation steps: S1: Mix cottonseed meal, compound detoxifying agent and water evenly to obtain a mixture. Perform constant temperature and humidity sealed treatment on the mixture and then dry it to obtain modified cottonseed meal. S2: Mix corn, flour, corn germ meal, sprayed corn husks and corn stalks, then crush and sieve them. Add ammonium chloride, salt and baking soda and mix evenly to obtain a mixture. S3: The modified cottonseed meal, rumen-stabilized amino acid composite carrier, cellulose carrier-loaded composite enzyme and mixed feed are mixed evenly to obtain a total mixed powder. The total mixed powder is then conditioned, granulated and dried to obtain a total mixed sheep feed.

[0007] Further, in step S1, the raw materials are in the following proportions by weight: 100-150 parts cottonseed meal, 8-15 parts of compound detoxifying agent, 150-250 parts of water; Further, the raw materials in step S2 are as follows by weight: 35-45 parts corn, 6-10 parts flour, 8-15 parts corn germ meal, 5-12 parts sprayed corn husks, 12-20 parts corn stalks, 0.5-1.5 parts ammonium chloride, 0.8-1.5 parts salt, and 0.8-1.5 parts baking soda.

[0008] Further, in step S3, the raw materials are as follows by weight: 18-26 parts modified cottonseed meal, 1.8-2.6 parts rumen-stabilized amino acid composite carrier, 1.2-1.8 parts cellulose carrier-loaded composite enzyme, and 75-85 parts mixed material.

[0009] Furthermore, the preparation method of the composite detoxifying agent is as follows: Tea polyphenols were dissolved in water by stirring, the pH was adjusted, ferrous sulfate monohydrate was added, and the mixture was stirred evenly to form a pre-complex of tea polyphenols. Then mannan oligosaccharides were added, and after stirring and standing, a compound detoxifying agent was obtained.

[0010] Furthermore, the pH adjustment is performed using a 5%-10% (w / w) citric acid aqueous solution to adjust the pH to 5.5-6.5.

[0011] Furthermore, the raw materials of the compound detoxifying agent are as follows by weight: 25-35 parts ferrous sulfate monohydrate, 15-25 parts mannan oligosaccharide, 8-12 parts tea polyphenols, and 50-75 parts water.

[0012] Furthermore, the preparation method of the rumen-stabilized amino acid complex carrier is as follows: A1: Add fennel essential oil to sodium bentonite and stir well to obtain essential oil-bentonite premix; A2: Mix rumen-protected lysine, rumen-protected methionine, sodium diacetate and essential oil-bentonite premix, add water and continue stirring to obtain wet material. Dry, pulverize and sieve the wet material to obtain rumen-stabilized amino acid composite carrier.

[0013] Furthermore, the raw materials of the rumen-controlled amino acid complex carrier are as follows by weight: 15-25 parts of rumen-protected lysine, 15-25 parts of rumen-protected methionine, 4-8 parts of sodium diacetate, 1-3 parts of fennel essential oil, 145-175 parts of sodium bentonite, and 120-135 parts of water.

[0014] Furthermore, the preparation method of the cellulose carrier-loaded complex enzyme is as follows: B1: Xylanase, β-glucanase, cellulase and acidic protease are mixed to obtain a complex enzyme; B2: Microcrystalline cellulose is added to water, then citric acid is added, the mixture is stirred and mixed, then allowed to stand for activation, and filtered to obtain activated microcrystalline cellulose; B3: Mix the complex enzyme and activated microcrystalline cellulose, let stand and dry to obtain the cellulose carrier-loaded complex enzyme.

[0015] Furthermore, the raw materials for the cellulose carrier-loaded complex enzyme are, by weight, 20-30 parts xylanase, 10-15 parts β-glucanase, 10-15 parts cellulase, 5-10 parts acidic protease, 180-220 parts microcrystalline cellulose, 300-500 parts water, and 2-4 parts citric acid.

[0016] Furthermore, the constant temperature and humidity sealed treatment in step S1 specifically involves: spreading the mixed material into a thick layer of 8-15cm, and sealing it in a constant temperature and humidity environment of 56-60℃ and 65%-70% for 22-26 hours, turning the material over every 7-9 hours during this period.

[0017] Further, the drying in step S1 is as follows: the mixture after constant temperature and humidity sealing treatment is placed in a fluidized bed dryer at 55-65℃ and dried to a moisture content of 8%-12% for 30-60 minutes.

[0018] Furthermore, in step S2, the sieve mesh size for crushing and sieving is 20-40 mesh.

[0019] Furthermore, the conditioning and granulation in step S3 specifically include: The whole-mixed powder is fed into a conditioner, and the conditioning temperature is controlled at 65-70℃ and the conditioning time is 25-30s. The moisture content of the whole-mixed powder is adjusted to 14%-16%. After conditioning, it is fed into a ring die pellet mill and pelleted using a ruminant-specific ring die with a compression ratio of 1:11 to obtain feed pellets with a diameter of 3.5-4.5mm and a length of 8-15mm.

[0020] Secondly, the present invention provides a total mixed sheep feed prepared by the above-mentioned method.

[0021] The beneficial effects of this invention are: This invention utilizes a mild, constant temperature and humidity sealed treatment process combined with the synergistic effect of a compound detoxifying agent. By pre-complexing tea polyphenols with ferrous ions to enhance the chelation efficiency of free gossypol, and combining this with the adsorption and stabilizing effect of mannan oligosaccharides, it can efficiently remove free gossypol from cottonseed meal while avoiding protein denaturation and nutrient loss caused by traditional high-temperature or chemical treatments. This ensures the protein quality and feed safety of the modified cottonseed meal and overcomes the technical defect that detoxification efficiency and protein protection cannot be simultaneously achieved.

[0022] This invention constructs a rumen-stabilized amino acid composite carrier, pre-encapsulating fennel essential oil using the interlayer structure of sodium-based bentonite, and then loading rumen-protected lysine, rumen-protected methionine, and sodium diacetate onto the carrier. On one hand, this achieves the stabilization and protection of fennel essential oil, reducing its volatilization and loss during processing and storage, and effectively regulating the rumen microecological environment; on the other hand, it enables the sustained release of rumen-protected amino acids within the rumen, synchronizing amino acid release with cottonseed meal protein degradation, significantly improving nitrogen utilization efficiency.

[0023] This invention utilizes a cellulose carrier to load a complex enzyme, employing citric acid activation of microcrystalline cellulose to increase surface active sites, thereby adsorbing and immobilizing a complex enzyme consisting of xylanase, β-glucanase, cellulase, and acidic protease. Xylanase and β-glucanase efficiently degrade hemicellulose and β-glucan in plant cell walls, cellulase promotes the breakdown of cellulose into fermentable sugars, and the acidic protease assists in the degradation of cottonseed meal protein and adapts to the acidic environment of the rumen. This immobilization method effectively avoids the thermal inactivation of free complex enzymes under the high temperature and humidity conditions of conditioning and granulation, ensuring the synergistic catalytic activity of each enzyme in the rumen and improving the degradation efficiency of fiber and protein.

[0024] This invention achieves dynamic synchronization of cottonseed meal protein degradation, amino acid release, and energy feed digestion through the synergistic cooperation of rumen-stabilized amino acid composite carrier and cellulose carrier-loaded composite enzyme. It solves the problem of decreased feed utilization caused by asynchronous nutrient release after cottonseed meal replaces soybean meal, breaks through the technical bottleneck of cost reduction leading to efficiency reduction, and significantly improves the growth performance and feed conversion efficiency of Bayinbuluke black-headed sheep. Detailed Implementation

[0025] The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0026] The cottonseed meal used in this invention was purchased from Shandong Dongchen Biotechnology Co., Ltd.

[0027] The tea polyphenols used in this invention were purchased from Hebei Runbu Biotechnology Co., Ltd.

[0028] The sodium-based bentonite used in this invention was purchased from Shijiazhuang Fenghua Mineral Products Co., Ltd.

[0029] The fennel essential oil used in this invention was purchased from Hubei Yuanmeng Biotechnology Co., Ltd.

[0030] The rumen-protected lysine used in this invention was purchased from Taian Yingshun Chemical Co., Ltd.

[0031] The rumen-protected methionine used in this invention was purchased from Shandong Fulikang Animal Nutrition Co., Ltd.

[0032] The sodium diacetate used in this invention was purchased from Langfang Qianyao Technology Co., Ltd.

[0033] The xylanase used in this invention has an enzyme activity (U / g) ≥50000 and was purchased from Guangdong Mingtong Biotechnology Co., Ltd.

[0034] The β-glucanase used in this invention has an enzyme activity (u / g) of 50,000 and was purchased from Sichuan Chengzhu Biotechnology Co., Ltd.

[0035] The cellulase used in this invention has an enzyme activity (u / g) ≥100000 and was purchased from Guangdong Mingcheng Biotechnology Co., Ltd.

[0036] The microcrystalline cellulose used in this invention was purchased from Shanghai Zhongfeng Biotechnology Co., Ltd.

[0037] The acidic protease used in this invention has the CAS number 9025-49-4 and was purchased from Shanghai Zhongfeng Biotechnology Co., Ltd.

[0038] Example 1 A method for preparing a total mixed sheep feed includes the following preparation steps: S1: By weight, take 100 parts cottonseed meal, 8 parts compound detoxifying agent, and 150 parts water; put the cottonseed meal, compound detoxifying agent, and water into a mixer and mix at 40 rpm for 5 minutes at room temperature to obtain a mixture; spread the mixture into a thick layer of 8 cm and place it in a constant temperature and humidity environment of 56℃ and 65% for 22 hours, turning it over every 7 hours during the process; after the process, place the mixture in a fluidized bed dryer at 55℃ for 30 minutes to dry until the moisture content is 8% to obtain modified cottonseed meal; S2: By weight, take 35 parts corn, 6 parts flour, 8 parts corn germ meal, 5 parts sprayed corn husks, 12 parts corn stalks, 0.5 parts ammonium chloride, 0.8 parts salt, and 0.8 parts baking soda. First, put the corn, flour, corn germ meal, sprayed corn husks, and corn stalks into a mixer and mix at 30 rpm for 5 minutes. After crushing, pass the mixture through a 20-mesh sieve. Then add ammonium chloride, salt, and baking soda, and mix at 40 rpm for 8 minutes at room temperature to obtain the mixture. S3: By weight, take 18 parts modified cottonseed meal, 1.8 parts rumen-stabilized amino acid composite carrier, 1.2 parts cellulose carrier-loaded composite enzyme, and 75 parts mixed feed. Put the modified cottonseed meal, rumen-stabilized amino acid composite carrier, cellulose carrier-loaded composite enzyme, and mixed feed into a mixer and mix at 30 rpm for 10 minutes at room temperature to obtain a fully mixed powder. Send the fully mixed powder into a conditioner and condition it for 25 seconds at a conditioning temperature of 65℃ and a steam pressure of 0.2 MPa to adjust the moisture content of the fully mixed powder to 14%. After conditioning, send it into a ring die pellet mill and pellet it using a ruminant-specific ring die with a compression ratio of 1:11 to obtain feed pellets with a diameter of 3.5 mm and a length of 8 mm. After pelleting, spread the feed pellets out flat and let them air dry naturally at room temperature and under ventilation for 12 hours, turning them over every hour during the drying process to obtain a fully mixed sheep feed.

[0039] The preparation method of the compound detoxifying agent is as follows: By weight, take 25 parts ferrous sulfate monohydrate, 15 parts mannan oligosaccharide, 8 parts tea polyphenols, and 50 parts water. First, add the tea polyphenols to the water and stir at 80 rpm at room temperature to dissolve them. Then, adjust the pH to 5.5 with a 5% citric acid aqueous solution. Next, add ferrous sulfate monohydrate and continue stirring at the same speed for 15 minutes to form a pre-complex of tea polyphenols. Then, add the mannan oligosaccharide and stir at the same speed for 10 minutes. Let it stand for 30 minutes to obtain the compound detoxifying agent.

[0040] The preparation method of the rumen-stabilized amino acid complex carrier is as follows: By weight, take 15 parts of rumen-exposed lysine, 15 parts of rumen-exposed methionine, 4 parts of sodium diacetate, 1 part of fennel essential oil, 145 parts of sodium bentonite, and 120 parts of water. A1: At room temperature, add fennel essential oil to sodium bentonite and stir at 80 rpm for 5 minutes to obtain essential oil-bentonite premix. A2: Add rumen-protected lysine, rumen-protected methionine, sodium diacetate and essential oil-bentonite premix into a mixer, add water, and continue stirring at 60 rpm for 10 minutes at room temperature to obtain wet material; then place the wet material in a drying oven at 55℃ for 40 minutes to dry, pulverize and pass through a 40-mesh sieve to obtain rumen-stabilized amino acid composite carrier.

[0041] The preparation method of cellulose carrier-loaded complex enzyme is as follows: Take 20 parts xylanase, 10 parts β-glucanase, 10 parts cellulase, 5 parts acidic protease, 180 parts microcrystalline cellulose, 300 parts water, and 2 parts citric acid by weight. B1: At room temperature, xylanase, β-glucanase, cellulase and acidic protease were added to a mixer and stirred at 60 rpm for 10 min to obtain a complex enzyme. B2: Add microcrystalline cellulose to water, then add citric acid, stir and mix at 60 rpm for 5 minutes at room temperature, then let stand to activate for 20 minutes, filter, and obtain activated microcrystalline cellulose. B3: The complex enzyme obtained from B1 was mixed with the activated microcrystalline cellulose obtained from B2 and stirred at 60 rpm for 10 min at room temperature, then allowed to stand for 30 min; then vacuum dried at 40℃ and -0.06 MPa for 5 h to obtain the cellulose carrier-loaded complex enzyme.

[0042] Example 2 A method for preparing a total mixed sheep feed includes the following preparation steps: S1: By weight, take 125 parts of cottonseed meal, 11.5 parts of compound detoxifying agent, and 200 parts of water; put the cottonseed meal, compound detoxifying agent, and water into a mixer and mix at 50 rpm for 7.5 min at room temperature to obtain a mixture; spread the mixture into a thick layer of 11.5 cm and place it in a constant temperature and humidity environment of 58℃ and 67.5% for 24 h, turning it over every 8 h during the process; after the process, place the mixture in a fluidized bed dryer at 60℃ for 45 min and dry it until the moisture content is 10% to obtain modified cottonseed meal; S2: By weight, take 40 parts corn, 8 parts flour, 11.5 parts corn germ meal, 8.5 parts sprayed corn husks, 16 parts corn stalks, 1 part ammonium chloride, 1.15 parts salt, and 1.15 parts baking soda. First, put the corn, flour, corn germ meal, sprayed corn husks, and corn stalks into a mixer and mix at 60 rpm for 7 minutes. After crushing, pass the mixture through a 30-mesh sieve. Then add ammonium chloride, salt, and baking soda, and mix at 50 rpm for 10 minutes at room temperature to obtain the mixture. S3: By weight, take 22 parts modified cottonseed meal, 2.2 parts rumen-stabilized amino acid composite carrier, 1.5 parts cellulose carrier-loaded composite enzyme, and 80 parts mixed feed. Put the modified cottonseed meal, rumen-stabilized amino acid composite carrier, cellulose carrier-loaded composite enzyme, and mixed feed into a mixer and mix at 40 rpm for 12.5 min at room temperature to obtain a fully mixed powder. Send the fully mixed powder into a conditioner and condition it for 27.5 s at a conditioning temperature of 67.5℃ and a steam pressure of 0.3 MPa to adjust the moisture content of the fully mixed powder to 15%. After conditioning, send it into a ring die pellet mill and pellet it using a ruminant-specific ring die with a compression ratio of 1:11 to obtain feed pellets with a diameter of 4.0 mm and a length of 11.5 mm. After pelleting, spread the feed pellets out flat and let them air dry naturally at room temperature and under ventilation for 15 h, turning them over every 1.5 h during this period to obtain a fully mixed sheep feed. The preparation method of the compound detoxifying agent is as follows: By weight, take 30 parts ferrous sulfate monohydrate, 20 parts mannan oligosaccharide, 10 parts tea polyphenols, and 62.5 parts water. First, add the tea polyphenols to the water and stir at 100 rpm at room temperature to dissolve them. Then, adjust the pH to 6.0 with a 7.5% citric acid aqueous solution. Next, add ferrous sulfate monohydrate and continue stirring at the same speed for 20 minutes to form a pre-complex of tea polyphenols. Then, add the mannan oligosaccharide and stir at the same speed for 12.5 minutes. Let it stand for 45 minutes to obtain the composite detoxifying agent. The preparation method of the rumen-stabilized amino acid complex carrier is as follows: By weight, take 20 parts of rumen-exposed lysine, 20 parts of rumen-exposed methionine, 6 parts of sodium diacetate, 2 parts of fennel essential oil, 150 parts of sodium bentonite, and 127.5 parts of water. A1: At room temperature, add fennel essential oil to sodium bentonite and stir at 100 rpm for 6.5 min to obtain essential oil-bentonite premix. A2: Add rumen-protected lysine, rumen-protected methionine, sodium diacetate and essential oil-bentonite premix into a mixer, add water, and continue stirring at 80 rpm for 12.5 min at room temperature to obtain wet material; then place the wet material in a drying oven at 60℃ for 50 min, pulverize and pass through a 50-mesh sieve to obtain rumen-stabilized amino acid composite carrier.

[0043] The preparation method of cellulose carrier-loaded complex enzyme is as follows: By weight, take 25 parts xylanase, 12.5 parts β-glucanase, 12.5 parts cellulase, 7.5 parts acidic protease, 200 parts microcrystalline cellulose, 400 parts water, and 3 parts citric acid. B1: At room temperature, xylanase, β-glucanase, cellulase and acidic protease were added to a mixer and stirred at 80 rpm for 12.5 min to obtain a complex enzyme. B2: Add microcrystalline cellulose to water, then add citric acid, stir and mix at 80 rpm for 7.5 min at room temperature, then let stand to activate for 30 min, filter, and obtain activated microcrystalline cellulose; B3: The complex enzyme obtained from B1 was mixed with the activated microcrystalline cellulose obtained from B2 and stirred at 80 rpm for 12.5 min at room temperature, then allowed to stand for 45 min; then vacuum dried at 45℃ and -0.075 MPa for 6.5 h to obtain the cellulose carrier-loaded complex enzyme. Example 3 A method for preparing a total mixed sheep feed includes the following preparation steps: S1: By weight, take 150 parts cottonseed meal, 15 parts compound detoxifying agent, and 250 parts water; put the cottonseed meal, compound detoxifying agent, and water into a mixer and mix at 60 rpm for 10 minutes at room temperature to obtain a mixture; spread the mixture into a 15 cm thick layer and place it in a constant temperature and humidity environment of 60℃ and 70% for 26 hours, turning it over every 9 hours during the process; after the process, place the mixture in a fluidized bed dryer at 65℃ for 60 minutes to dry until the moisture content is 12% to obtain modified cottonseed meal; S2: By weight, take 45 parts corn, 10 parts flour, 15 parts corn germ meal, 12 parts sprayed corn husks, 20 parts corn stalks, 1.5 parts ammonium chloride, 1.5 parts salt, and 1.5 parts baking soda. First, put the corn, flour, corn germ meal, sprayed corn husks, and corn stalks into a mixer and mix at 80 rpm for 10 minutes. After crushing, pass the mixture through a 40-mesh sieve. Then add ammonium chloride, salt, and baking soda, and mix at 60 rpm for 12 minutes at room temperature to obtain the mixture. S3: By weight, take 26 parts of modified cottonseed meal, 2.6 parts of rumen-stabilized amino acid composite carrier, 1.8 parts of cellulose carrier-loaded composite enzyme, and 85 parts of mixed feed. Put the modified cottonseed meal, rumen-stabilized amino acid composite carrier, cellulose carrier-loaded composite enzyme, and mixed feed into a mixer and mix at 50 rpm for 15 minutes at room temperature to obtain a fully mixed powder. Send the fully mixed powder into a conditioner and condition it for 30 seconds at a conditioning temperature of 70℃ and a steam pressure of 0.4 MPa to adjust the moisture content of the fully mixed powder to 16%. After conditioning, send it into a ring die pellet mill and pellet it using a ruminant-specific ring die with a compression ratio of 1:11 to obtain feed pellets with a diameter of 4.5 mm and a length of 15 mm. After pelleting, spread the feed pellets out flat and let them air dry naturally at room temperature and under ventilation for 18 hours, turning them over every 2 hours to obtain a fully mixed sheep feed.

[0044] The preparation method of the compound detoxifying agent is as follows: By weight, take 35 parts ferrous sulfate monohydrate, 25 parts mannan oligosaccharide, 12 parts tea polyphenols, and 75 parts water. First, add the tea polyphenols to the water and stir at 120 rpm at room temperature to dissolve them. Then, adjust the pH to 6.5 with a 10% citric acid aqueous solution. Next, add ferrous sulfate monohydrate and continue stirring at the same speed for 25 minutes to form a pre-complex of tea polyphenols. Then, add the mannan oligosaccharide and stir at the same speed for 15 minutes. Let it stand for 60 minutes to obtain the compound detoxifying agent. The preparation method of the rumen-stabilized amino acid complex carrier is as follows: By weight, take 25 parts of rumen-exposed lysine, 25 parts of rumen-exposed methionine, 8 parts of sodium diacetate, 3 parts of fennel essential oil, 175 parts of sodium bentonite, and 135 parts of water. A1: At room temperature, add fennel essential oil to sodium bentonite and stir at 120 rpm for 8 minutes to obtain essential oil-bentonite premix. A2: Add rumen-protected lysine, rumen-protected methionine, sodium diacetate and essential oil-bentonite premix into a mixer, add water, and continue stirring at 100 rpm for 15 minutes at room temperature to obtain wet material; then place the wet material in a drying oven at 65℃ for 60 minutes, pulverize and pass through a 60-mesh sieve to obtain rumen-stabilized amino acid composite carrier.

[0045] The preparation method of cellulose carrier-loaded complex enzyme is as follows: Take 30 parts xylanase, 15 parts β-glucanase, 15 parts cellulase, 10 parts acidic protease, 220 parts microcrystalline cellulose, 500 parts water, and 4 parts citric acid by weight. B1: At room temperature, xylanase, β-glucanase, cellulase and acidic protease were added to a mixer and stirred at 100 rpm for 15 min to obtain a complex enzyme. B2: Add microcrystalline cellulose to water, then add citric acid, stir and mix at 100 rpm for 10 minutes at room temperature, then let stand to activate for 40 minutes, filter, and obtain activated microcrystalline cellulose. B3: The complex enzyme obtained from B1 was mixed with the activated microcrystalline cellulose obtained from B2 and stirred at 100 rpm for 15 min at room temperature, then allowed to stand for 60 min; then vacuum dried at 50℃ and -0.09 MPa for 8 h to obtain the cellulose carrier-loaded complex enzyme.

[0046] Comparative Example 1 Compared with Example 1, the "modified cottonseed meal" in step S3 was replaced with an equal mass of "unmodified cottonseed meal"; the remaining steps and parameters were the same, and will not be repeated in this comparative example. The final product was a total mixed sheep feed.

[0047] Comparative Example 2 Compared with Example 1, in this comparative example, "sodium bentonite" in step S3 was replaced with an equal mass of "diatomaceous earth"; the remaining steps and parameters were the same, and will not be repeated in this comparative example. The final product was a total mixed sheep feed.

[0048] Comparative Example 3 Compared with Example 1, this comparative example does not prepare an essential oil-bentonite premix during the preparation of the rumen-stabilized amino acid complex carrier. Instead, fennel essential oil, rumen-protected lysine, rumen-protected methionine, sodium diacetate, and sodium-based bentonite are directly mixed. The remaining steps and parameters are the same, and will not be repeated in this comparative example. The final product is a total mixed sheep feed.

[0049] The preparation method of the rumen-stabilized amino acid complex carrier is as follows: By weight, take 15 parts of rumen-exposed lysine, 15 parts of rumen-exposed methionine, 4 parts of sodium diacetate, 1 part of fennel essential oil, 145 parts of sodium bentonite, and 120 parts of water. Rumen-protected lysine, rumen-protected methionine, sodium diacetate, fennel essential oil, and sodium bentonite were added to a mixer, water was added, and the mixture was stirred at 60 rpm for 10 minutes at room temperature to obtain a wet material. The wet material was then placed in a drying oven at 55°C for 40 minutes to dry, pulverized, and passed through a 40-mesh sieve to obtain a rumen-stabilized amino acid composite carrier.

[0050] Comparative Example 4 Compared with Example 1, in this comparative example, the "cellulose carrier loaded with complex enzyme" in step S3 is replaced with an equal mass of "complex enzyme prepared in step B1"; the remaining steps and parameters are the same, and will not be repeated in this comparative example. The final product is a total mixed sheep feed.

[0051] Comparative Example 5 Compared with Example 1, the "activated microcrystalline cellulose" in step B3 was replaced with an equal mass of "microcrystalline cellulose"; the remaining steps and parameters were the same, and will not be repeated in this comparative example. The final product was a total mixed sheep feed.

[0052] Comparative Example 6 Compared with Example 1, this comparative example replaces the "complex enzyme" in step B3 with an equal mass of "defective complex enzyme"; the remaining steps and parameters are the same, and will not be repeated in this comparative example. The final product is a total mixed sheep feed.

[0053] Preparation of defective complex enzymes: Take 10 parts by weight of β-glucanase, 10 parts of cellulase, and 5 parts of acidic protease; At room temperature, β-glucanase, cellulase and acidic protease were added to a mixer and stirred at 60 rpm for 10 min to obtain a complex enzyme.

[0054] The performance of the total mixed sheep feed prepared in Examples 1-3 and the total mixed sheep feed prepared in Comparative Examples 1-6 was tested, and the results are recorded in Table 1.

[0055] Experimental Design: 135 healthy weaned male Bayinbuluke black-headed sheep weighing 20±2kg were selected and randomly divided into 9 treatment groups (Examples 1-3, Comparative Examples 1-6), with 3 replicates per group and 5 sheep per replicate. The transition period was 15 days, and the trial period was 85 days.

[0056] Feeding and management: The experimental sheep had free access to feed and water, and were vaccinated and dewormed according to the routine procedures of the experimental farm. The sheepfold and grounds were disinfected regularly.

[0057] Measurement indicators and methods: Initial body weight (IBW): Weighed on an empty stomach before morning feeding on the first day of the trial period; Final weight (FBW): Weighed on an empty stomach before morning feeding on the last day of the trial period; Total weight gain (TWG): ; Daily weight gain (ADG): ; Total Feed Intake (TFI): Record the amount of feed fed and the amount of feed left over each day, and calculate the total amount after the experiment. Average daily feed intake (ADFI): ; Material weight ratio (F / G): .

[0058] Table 1: Effects of different treatment groups on the growth performance of Bayinbuluke black-headed sheep According to the data shown in Table 1, the total mixed sheep feed prepared in Examples 1-3 of the present invention showed excellent performance in terms of growth performance indicators such as average daily weight gain, average daily feed intake and feed conversion ratio, which were significantly better than those in Comparative Examples 1-6.

[0059] Data from Example 1 and Comparative Example 1 show that Comparative Example 1 did not perform constant temperature and humidity closed-loop treatment on the cottonseed meal; it directly used untreated cottonseed meal. Due to the lack of a gentle detoxification process using a compound detoxifying agent, the residual free gossypol in the cottonseed meal was not effectively removed. After entering the sheep's body, it continuously caused chronic toxicity, leading to decreased feed intake, hindered nutrient digestion and absorption, increased metabolic burden, and significantly worse daily weight gain and feed conversion ratio compared to Example 1.

[0060] Data from Example 1 and Comparative Example 2 show that Comparative Example 2 used diatomaceous earth to replace sodium bentonite in equal amounts to prepare a rumen-stabilized amino acid composite carrier. While diatomaceous earth possesses a porous structure and certain adsorption capacity, its microstructure is a micrometer-scale rigid framework, lacking the nanometer-scale expandable interlayer domains unique to sodium bentonite. This results in fennel oil being only adsorbed on the surface and unable to embed into the interlayer to form a "molecular cage"-like physical encapsulation, leading to significant volatilization and dissipation during subsequent drying and high-temperature granulation, significantly weakening its regulatory effect on the rumen microecology. Simultaneously, the amino acids, lacking the interlayer slow-release effect, rapidly dissolve in the rumen, failing to degrade synchronously with cottonseed meal protein, resulting in a substantial reduction in nitrogen utilization efficiency. The combined effect of these two factors leads to Comparative Example 2 having significantly lower daily weight gain and feed conversion ratio compared to Example 1, demonstrating the irreplaceable structural advantages of sodium bentonite in the carrier construction of this invention.

[0061] Data from Example 1 and Comparative Example 3 show that Comparative Example 3 did not prepare an essential oil-bentonite premix; instead, it directly mixed fennel essential oil, rumen-protected lysine, rumen-protected methionine, sodium diacetate, and sodium-based bentonite. Because the step of physically encapsulating the essential oil within the bentonite layers to form a "molecular cage" was missing, a large amount of the active ingredients in the fennel essential oil volatilized and dissipated during subsequent drying, severely weakening its regulatory effect on the rumen microecology. This resulted in insufficient improvement in feed energy utilization efficiency, and the feed conversion ratio was significantly inferior to that of Example 1.

[0062] The data from Example 1 and Comparative Example 4 show that: Comparative Example 4 did not prepare a cellulose carrier to load the complex enzyme, but directly added the complex enzyme. Due to the lack of adsorption, fixation, and protection of the complex enzyme by the microcrystalline cellulose carrier, the free enzyme will be severely thermally inactivated in the high temperature and high humidity environment of conditioning and granulation, resulting in a significant reduction in the effective enzyme activity in the rumen and a decrease in fiber degradation efficiency, leading to significantly worse daily weight gain and feed conversion ratio compared to Example 1.

[0063] Data from Example 1 and Comparative Example 5 show that Comparative Example 5 used unactivated microcrystalline cellulose to directly load the complex enzyme. The unactivated microcrystalline cellulose had insufficient exposed active hydroxyl groups and limited binding sites, resulting in lower adsorption loading and binding strength for the complex enzyme compared to activated microcrystalline cellulose. Some enzyme proteins still detached and became thermally inactivated during the subsequent high-temperature granulation process, leading to reduced catalytic efficiency of the rumen cellulase system, hindered nutrient release, and inferior daily weight gain and feed conversion ratio compared to Example 1. This indicates that although the citric acid activation step of microcrystalline cellulose may seem minor, it is a crucial technical step in improving carrier loading efficiency and ensuring the survival rate of enzyme preparations during processing.

[0064] Data from Example 1 and Comparative Example 6 show that Comparative Example 6 used a defective complex enzyme (containing only β-glucanase, cellulase, and acidic protease, lacking xylanase) to prepare a cellulose carrier-loaded complex enzyme. In plant cell walls, hemicellulose (mainly xylan) forms a complex, dense cross-linked network with cellulose and β-glucan. Xylanase is the "rate-limiting enzyme" and "pioneer enzyme" that breaks down the hemicellulose skeleton and disintegrates the cell wall structure. Without xylanase, β-glucanase and cellulase are unable to fully contact their respective substrates due to the hemicellulose barrier, significantly reducing the synergistic catalytic efficiency of the entire cellulose-degrading enzyme system. This restricts the release of nutrients from the cell wall contents, ultimately resulting in significantly worse daily weight gain and feed conversion ratio compared to Example 1.

[0065] The above description is merely an example and illustration of the concept of the present invention. Those skilled in the art can make various modifications or additions to the specific embodiments described or use similar methods to replace them, as long as they do not deviate from the concept of the invention or exceed the scope defined in the claims, they should all fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for preparing a total mixed sheep feed, characterized in that, The preparation steps include the following: S1: Mix cottonseed meal, compound detoxifying agent and water evenly to obtain a mixture. Perform constant temperature and humidity sealed treatment on the mixture and then dry it to obtain modified cottonseed meal. S2: Mix corn, flour, corn germ meal, sprayed corn husks and corn stalks, crush and sieve them, then add ammonium chloride, salt and baking soda and mix evenly to obtain a mixture. S3: The modified cottonseed meal, rumen-stabilized amino acid composite carrier, cellulose carrier-loaded composite enzyme and mixed feed are mixed evenly to obtain a total mixed powder. The total mixed powder is then conditioned, granulated and dried to obtain a total mixed sheep feed.

2. The method for preparing a total mixed sheep feed according to claim 1, characterized in that, The preparation method of the composite detoxifying agent is as follows: Tea polyphenols were dissolved in water by stirring, the pH was adjusted, ferrous sulfate monohydrate was added, and the mixture was stirred evenly to form a pre-complex of tea polyphenols. Then mannan oligosaccharides were added, and after stirring and standing, a compound detoxifying agent was obtained.

3. The method for preparing a total mixed sheep feed according to claim 2, characterized in that, The raw materials of the compound detoxifying agent are as follows by weight: 25-35 parts ferrous sulfate monohydrate, 15-25 parts mannan oligosaccharide, 8-12 parts tea polyphenols, and 50-75 parts water.

4. The method for preparing a total mixed sheep feed according to claim 1, characterized in that, The preparation method of the rumen-stabilized amino acid complex carrier is as follows: A1: Add fennel essential oil to sodium bentonite and stir well to obtain essential oil-bentonite premix; A2: Mix rumen-protected lysine, rumen-protected methionine, sodium diacetate and essential oil-bentonite premix, add water and continue stirring to obtain wet material. Dry, pulverize and sieve the wet material to obtain rumen-stabilized amino acid composite carrier.

5. The method for preparing a total mixed sheep feed according to claim 4, characterized in that, The raw materials of the rumen-controlled amino acid complex carrier are as follows by weight: 15-25 parts of rumen-protected lysine, 15-25 parts of rumen-protected methionine, 4-8 parts of sodium diacetate, 1-3 parts of fennel essential oil, 145-175 parts of sodium bentonite, and 120-135 parts of water.

6. The method for preparing a total mixed sheep feed according to claim 1, characterized in that, The preparation method of the cellulose carrier-loaded complex enzyme is as follows: B1: Xylanase, β-glucanase, cellulase and acidic protease are mixed to obtain a complex enzyme; B2: Microcrystalline cellulose is added to water, then citric acid is added, the mixture is stirred and mixed, then allowed to stand for activation, and filtered to obtain activated microcrystalline cellulose; B3: Mix the complex enzyme and microcrystalline cellulose, let stand, and dry to obtain the cellulose carrier-loaded complex enzyme.

7. The method for preparing a total mixed sheep feed according to claim 6, characterized in that, The raw materials for the cellulose carrier-loaded complex enzyme are as follows by weight: xylanase 20-30 parts, β-glucanase 10-15 parts, cellulase 10-15 parts, acidic protease 5-10 parts, microcrystalline cellulose 180-220 parts, water 300-500 parts, and citric acid 2-4 parts.

8. The method for preparing a total mixed sheep feed according to claim 1, characterized in that, The constant temperature and humidity sealed treatment in step S1 specifically involves: spreading the mixed material into a thick layer of 8-15cm, and sealing it in a constant temperature and humidity environment of 56-60℃ and 65%-70% for 22-26 hours, turning the material over every 7-9 hours during this period.

9. The method for preparing a total mixed sheep feed according to claim 1, characterized in that, The conditioning and granulation in step S3 are specifically as follows: The whole-mixed powder is fed into a conditioner, and the conditioning temperature is controlled at 65-70℃ and the conditioning time is 25-30s. The moisture content of the whole-mixed powder is adjusted to 14%-16%. After conditioning, it is fed into a ring die pellet mill and pelleted using a ruminant-specific ring die with a compression ratio of 1:11 to obtain feed pellets with a diameter of 3.5-4.5mm and a length of 8-15mm.

10. A total mixed sheep feed prepared by the method of any one of claims 1-9.

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