A monitoring and adjusting method and system for a combined dry-wet cooling tower based on environmental changes

Abstract

The application discloses a kind of based on environmental change's dry-wet combined cooling tower monitoring adjustment method and system.The method includes the following steps: monitoring and collecting nuclear power plant cold end system operating parameter data, environmental parameter data and cost parameter data;Utilize monitoring data to calibrate simulation model parameters, and real-time update model;Through simulation model, simulate the back pressure change of dry-wet combined cooling tower in different operating conditions of nuclear power plant cold end, while calculating the cost and power plant net profit;On the basis of ensuring back pressure stability, determine the best operation mode of dry-wet combined cooling tower according to current weather conditions;According to the best operation mode, dynamically control the opening of valve and louvre in dry combined cooling tower;Real-time monitoring of dry-wet combined cooling tower operating state, optimize and correct simulation model.The application realizes the coupling of cooling tower side and thermal cycle side, uses flexible adjustment means to adjust the operation mode of dry-wet combined cooling tower, improves the utilization efficiency of circulating cooling water.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of cold-end optimization technology for nuclear power units, specifically to a method and system for monitoring and regulating combined dry and wet cooling towers based on environmental changes. Background Technology

[0002] With the development of nuclear power technology, improving the safety and economy of nuclear power operation has become crucial to increasing the proportion of nuclear energy in the energy structure. Currently, most cold-end systems of nuclear power units are concentrated in coastal areas, employing a direct-flow cooling mode. However, the number of available sites for development in coastal areas is gradually decreasing, and the direct-flow cooling mode poses a potential threat to the marine environment, prompting a shift in nuclear power development inland. Therefore, developing a cold-end system suitable for inland nuclear power has become an urgent task. The combined dry and wet cooling tower has emerged, combining the advantages of traditional air-cooled towers and wet-cooled towers. It effectively eliminates condensation of saturated air discharged from the tower outlet, reducing water consumption and avoiding environmental pollution, while also possessing better cooling capacity than air-cooled towers, reducing condenser back pressure, and thus improving power plant efficiency.

[0003] In modern power plant units, the primary task of the cold-end system is to condense the exhaust steam after it has performed work and to establish and maintain a vacuum at the turbine's exhaust port. The workflow is as follows: Exhaust steam from the turbine's low-pressure cylinder enters the condenser, where circulating water cooled by the cooling tower condenses the steam into water droplets, forming condensate. During condensation, the steam's volume decreases, creating a vacuum in the condenser and ensuring the unit's exhaust pressure remains within a reasonable range. The condensate is then pumped sequentially through the low-pressure heater, deaerator, and high-pressure heater, finally returning to the boiler to re-enter the cycle. Whether in nuclear power or thermal power, most currently operating turbines are condensing turbines, where the exhaust pressure of the low-pressure cylinder is determined by the condenser pressure. Reducing back pressure can significantly improve the overall plant's economic efficiency; therefore, the cooling performance of the cooling tower has a significant impact on the power plant's power output.

[0004] However, existing cooling towers are mostly traditional dry and wet cooling towers, which often only meet one of the requirements in terms of cooling capacity and environmental friendliness. Furthermore, current monitoring and control systems primarily focus on the performance of the cooling system itself, neglecting the connection between the cooling system and the power plant's thermal cycle. Simultaneously, existing monitoring systems can only monitor a limited number of parameters, making dynamic monitoring difficult under complex and variable weather conditions, thus significantly limiting their ability to monitor power plant performance. The control methods for existing cooling towers are also relatively limited, making it difficult to flexibly adjust the flow distribution between the dry and wet sections to achieve stable condenser back pressure.

[0005] Existing patent CN117667579A discloses an online monitoring system for the operating performance of power plant units. This system can read unit operating data, calculate the real-time heat rate of the turbine unit, and compare the actual operating value with its corresponding target value. However, this patent only considers the single economic indicator of heat rate, neglecting methods for allocating multiple costs. It only monitors the power plant side, lacking monitoring and adjustment mechanisms for the cold-end system, and thus cannot achieve back pressure stability.

[0006] Existing patent CN210220750U discloses a natural ventilation combined dry and wet cooling tower. This method can achieve the effect of series, parallel, or independent operation of the dry cooling section and the wet cooling section, depending on different water pipe connection modes. This patent only considers the arrangement of the dry cooling section and the wet cooling section, without reasonably considering the pipeline layout and water flow distribution. At the same time, it does not consider the impact of the cold end on the thermal circulation side of the power plant, lacks monitoring methods, and cannot reflect the performance of the power plant side and the cold end in real time.

[0007] In summary, all of the aforementioned existing patents address the shortcomings in monitoring and control methods for combined dry and wet cooling towers in the prior art. Summary of the Invention

[0008] Based on the aforementioned technical problems, this invention proposes a monitoring and regulation method and system for combined wet and dry cooling towers based on environmental changes. The aim is to fully exploit the cooling potential of combined wet and dry cooling towers, achieve coupling between the cooling tower side and the thermal circulation side, monitor and identify the power plant's allocated costs in real time, and employ flexible adjustment methods to regulate the operating mode of the combined wet and dry cooling towers, thereby improving the utilization efficiency of circulating cooling water, effectively saving water, and simultaneously achieving dynamic control of back pressure. The specific technical solution is as follows:

[0009] A method for monitoring and regulating a combined wet and dry cooling tower based on environmental changes, the method comprising the following steps:

[0010] S1. Monitor and collect operating parameter data, environmental parameter data, and cost parameter data of the cold end system of the nuclear power plant;

[0011] S2. Use monitoring data to calibrate simulation model parameters, predict system performance under different operating conditions, and determine the optimal operating mode of the dry-wet combined cooling tower.

[0012] S3. Dynamically adjust the water flow and air flow control components in the dry combined cooling tower according to the optimal operating mode;

[0013] S4. Monitor the operating status of the combined dry and wet cooling tower in real time, and optimize and correct the simulation model.

[0014] Furthermore, step S2 includes:

[0015] S21. Use monitoring data to calibrate the simulation model parameters and update the model in real time;

[0016] S22. Simulate the back pressure changes at the cold end of the nuclear power plant under different operating conditions using a simulation model for a combined dry and wet cooling tower, and calculate the amortized cost and net profit of the power plant.

[0017] S23. On the basis of ensuring stable back pressure, determine the optimal operating mode of the dry-wet combined cooling tower according to the current meteorological conditions.

[0018] Furthermore, the simulation model in step S21 is a coupled model of the dry and wet combined cooling tower and the secondary loop of the nuclear power unit. The coupled model can convert the cold end heat load fluctuation into a slight increase in power of the thermodynamic cycle.

[0019] Furthermore, the calculation method for the amortized cost described in step S22 is as follows:

[0020] C total =C operating +C maintenance +C FCR

[0021] Among them, C CFR For fixed costs, C operating For operating costs, C maintenance To cover maintenance costs.

[0022] Furthermore, the calculation method for the net profit of the power plant is as follows:

[0023] Profit_h = Profit / t = (EC tot ) / t=(W×t×C eav -C tot ) / t

[0024] Among them, P rofit_h Net profit per hour, E represents total revenue, W represents power generation capacity, t represents annual operating time, P rofit C represents total net profit. eav Indicates the feed-in tariff, C tot This indicates the average annual cost.

[0025] Furthermore, the calculation method for the maintenance cost is as follows:

[0026] C maintenance =C he W hem +C c W cm +C pst W pm +C pv W pvm +C fi W fi

[0027] Among them, C he Cost of cooling triangular tube bundle, C c For the construction cost of the tower shell, C pst For the construction cost of the water distribution system, C pv It is the cost of pipeline valves, C fi W is the total cost of the packing material. hem W is a weighting factor for the maintenance cost of the cooling triangular tube bundle. cm It is the weighting factor for the maintenance cost of the tower structure, W pm It is a weighting factor for the maintenance cost of the water pump system, W pvm It is a weighting factor for pipeline and valve maintenance costs, W fi It is a weighting factor for packing maintenance costs.

[0028] Furthermore, the calculation method for the operating cost is as follows:

[0029]

[0030] Where q0 is the heat dissipation rate, C u,h W0 is the heat price of the nuclear power plant, and W0 is the power generation of the system. eva C represents the circulating water loss. u,water For the local water price, P p Let C be the power of the circulating water pump, n be the number of circulating water pumps, and C be the power of the circulating water pump. u,power τ represents the electricity price, and τ represents the operating time.

[0031] Furthermore, the calculation method for the fixed cost is as follows:

[0032]

[0033] Where i is the rate of return on investment, n is the service period, and C fi This is the total cost of the packing material, n d It is the number of cooling triangles, C d For the construction cost of a single cooling triangle, C c For the construction cost of the tower shell, C pst This refers to the construction cost of the water distribution system.

[0034] Furthermore, the calculation method for the construction cost of a single cooling triangle is as follows:

[0035] C d =2×(C ft L t n tb +C h +C ba W he +C b A b

[0036] Among them, C ft For the unit tube length cost of finned tubes, L t n is the length of the finned tube. tb It is the number of cooling triangular tube bundles, C h The frame cost of the cooling triangular tube bundle, C ba The cost of assembling the cooling triangle, W he Cost weighting coefficient for cooling triangular tube bundles, C b Price per unit area of ​​Venetian blinds, A b The area of ​​a single Venetian blind.

[0037] Furthermore, the construction cost of the tower shell is

[0038] C c =(C1+C ct +C hepl +C ts W c

[0039] Among them, C1 land, excavation and foundation costs, C ct It is the cost of the reinforced concrete for the tower shell, C hepl The cost of the cooling triangular tube bundle platform, C ts It's the cost of the tower base support, W c It is a weighting factor for structural costs.

[0040] Furthermore, the construction cost of the water distribution system is

[0041] C pst =(C pump +C em +C ws +C pv W ps

[0042] Among them, C pump This refers to the cost of purchasing the water pump, C. em This refers to the cost of purchasing the motor, C. ws It is the cost of electrical switches, C pv It is the cost of pipeline valves, W ps It is a cost weighting factor for the water distribution system.

[0043] Furthermore, step S23 includes: under the current meteorological conditions, determining the operating condition with stable back pressure and high net profit of the power plant as the optimal operating mode, and using a PID algorithm to determine the valve opening degree and the windward angle of the dry-wet combined cooling tower under this operating mode.

[0044] Furthermore, step S3 includes: dynamically adjusting the opening degree of valves and louvers in the wet-dry combined cooling tower to switch the operating mode of the wet-dry combined cooling tower, wherein the operating modes of the wet-dry combined cooling tower include series operation mode, parallel operation mode, mixed flow operation mode and individual operation mode.

[0045] Furthermore, step S4 includes: in the optimal operating mode, comparing the real-time monitoring data with the simulation model prediction value; if the deviation continues to exceed the set threshold, adjusting and calibrating the model parameters.

[0046] Furthermore, step S4 also includes: if a sensor malfunction or data anomaly is detected, a fault tolerance mechanism is activated, and corresponding measures are taken for different anomaly levels.

[0047] Furthermore, in step S1, the operating parameters include temperature, flow rate, valve opening degree and back pressure, the environmental parameters include temperature, humidity and wind speed, and the cost parameters include water consumption, heat consumption and operating cost.

[0048] The present invention also provides a monitoring and regulation system for a combined dry and wet cooling tower based on environmental changes. The system is used to implement the above-mentioned monitoring and regulation method for a combined dry and wet cooling tower based on environmental changes. The system includes: a data acquisition module, a DCS control module, a dynamic analysis module, a mode execution module, and a feedback optimization module.

[0049] The data acquisition module is used to monitor and collect operating parameters, environmental parameters, and cost parameters of the cold end of the nuclear power plant;

[0050] The DCS control module is used to update, process, and store data at a set frequency;

[0051] The dynamic analysis module is used to calibrate and update the simulation model parameters, and to predict and determine the optimal operating mode of the dry-wet combined cooling tower based on the simulation model.

[0052] The mode execution module is used to dynamically adjust the opening of valves and louvers in the dry-wet combined cooling tower to switch the dry-wet combined cooling tower to the optimal operating mode.

[0053] The feedback optimization is used to provide feedback and calibrate the simulation model parameters, and to issue alarms and take appropriate action for abnormal data.

[0054] Furthermore, the data acquisition module includes sensors and flow meters arranged in the combined dry and wet cooling tower, as well as anemometers, sensors, and thermometers arranged outdoors.

[0055] Furthermore, the dynamic analysis module contains a coupled model of the dry-wet combined cooling tower and the secondary loop of the nuclear power unit.

[0056] The present invention also provides a computer-readable storage medium comprising a stored computer program, wherein the computer program can be executed by an electronic device to perform the above-described monitoring and adjustment method for combined wet and dry cooling towers based on environmental changes.

[0057] The present invention also provides an electronic device, including a memory and a processor, wherein the memory stores a computer program, and the processor is configured to execute the above-described monitoring and adjustment method for combined wet and dry cooling towers based on environmental changes through the computer program.

[0058] Based on the above technical solution, compared with the prior art, the present invention has at least the following beneficial effects:

[0059] 1. The present invention proposes a monitoring and regulation method and system for combined dry and wet cooling towers based on environmental changes. Through intelligent prediction and operation mode switching, it realizes the optimized operation of the cold end system, improves power generation efficiency, reduces operating costs, and enhances the system's adaptability to complex environmental changes.

[0060] 2. This invention proposes a monitoring and regulation method and system for combined dry and wet cooling towers based on environmental changes. Through a flexible control mechanism, it precisely adjusts the operating status of the combined dry and wet cooling tower, fully leveraging the advantages of both dry and wet cooling sections to achieve efficient cooling. While meeting cooling requirements, it reduces the energy consumption and operating costs of the cooling tower, improving the overall performance and economy of the system.

[0061] 3. The present invention proposes a monitoring and regulation method and system for combined wet and dry cooling towers based on environmental changes. Through continuous feedback and optimization, it can promptly identify and resolve operational problems, ensuring that the cold-end system is always in optimal operating condition. This not only improves the system's operational stability but also promotes continuous improvement and optimization, providing a strong guarantee for the long-term stable operation of nuclear power plants.

[0062] 4. The present invention proposes a monitoring and regulation method and system for combined wet and dry cooling towers based on environmental changes. The complete cost and profit calculation means can accurately identify different allocated costs of the power plant, providing strong support for the economic operation of the power plant. Attached Figure Description

[0063] The accompanying drawings, which form part of this specification, are used to provide a further understanding of the invention. The illustrative embodiments of the invention and their descriptions are used to explain the invention and do not constitute an undue limitation of the invention. In the drawings:

[0064] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of a monitoring and adjustment method for a combined wet and dry cooling tower based on environmental changes proposed in this invention.

[0065] Figure 2 This is a structural layout diagram of a combined wet and dry cooling tower in an example of the present invention;

[0066] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the framework of a combined wet and dry cooling tower monitoring and regulation system based on environmental changes proposed in this invention.

[0067] Figure 4 This is a flowchart of the PID algorithm control in a combined dry and wet cooling tower monitoring and regulation system based on environmental changes, as proposed in this invention.

[0068] Attached reference numerals: 1-Tower body, 2-Water distribution system, 3-Spray zone, 4-Packing zone, 5-Natural airflow direction, 6-Cooling triangle, 7-Rain zone, 8-Water collection pool, 9-Water separator, 10-Wet cooling section water distribution pipe, 11-Dry cooling section inlet water distribution pipe, 12-Dry cooling section outlet water distribution pipe, 13-Main return water pipe, 14-Valve, 15-Valve, 16-Valve, 17-Valve, 18-Valve, 19-Superheated steam pipe, 20-Water pump, 21-Condenser, 22-Condensate pump.

[0069] Specific implementation mode

[0070] It should be noted that, unless otherwise specified, the embodiments and features described in the present invention can be combined with each other. The present invention will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments.

[0071] The present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to specific embodiments, which should not be construed as limiting the scope of protection claimed by the present invention.

[0072] Existing cooling tower monitoring and control systems cannot fully utilize the advantages of combined dry and wet cooling towers, especially under conditions of environmental change and complex operating conditions. This invention proposes a monitoring and control system for combined dry and wet cooling towers based on daily environmental changes, in order to fully exploit the cooling potential of combined dry and wet cooling towers.

[0073] Example 1

[0074] Referring to Figure 1, this embodiment proposes a monitoring and adjustment method for combined dry and wet cooling towers based on environmental changes. The method includes the following steps:

[0075] S1. Monitor and collect operating parameter data, environmental parameter data, and cost parameter data of the cold end system of the nuclear power plant;

[0076] S2. Use monitoring data to calibrate simulation model parameters, predict system performance under different operating conditions, and determine the optimal operating mode of the dry-wet combined cooling tower.

[0077] S21. Use monitoring data to calibrate the simulation model parameters and update the model in real time;

[0078] S22. Simulate the back pressure changes at the cold end of the nuclear power plant under different operating conditions using a simulation model for a combined dry and wet cooling tower, and calculate the amortized cost and net profit of the power plant.

[0079] S23. On the basis of ensuring stable back pressure, determine the optimal operating mode of the dry-wet combined cooling tower according to the current meteorological conditions.

[0080] S3. Dynamically adjust the water flow and air flow control components in the dry combined cooling tower according to the optimal operating mode;

[0081] S4. Monitor the operating status of the combined dry and wet cooling tower in real time, and optimize and correct the simulation model.

[0082] The following is a detailed explanation of each of the above steps.

[0083] Specifically, in step S1, operational parameter data, environmental parameter data, and cost parameter data of the nuclear power plant's cold end system are monitored and collected. Operational parameter data includes key parameters such as temperature, flow rate, valve opening, and back pressure, used to monitor the real-time operating status of the cold end system. Environmental parameter data includes temperature, humidity, and wind speed, which significantly affect the cooling tower's cooling effect. Cost parameter data includes water consumption, heat rate, operating costs, maintenance costs, and total annual amortized costs, providing basic data for subsequent economic assessments. Water consumption is defined as the evaporation loss of circulating water. Flow meters and humidity sensors are installed in the cooling tower's packing area, rain zone, and collection pool to monitor changes in spray water parameters in real time. Evaporation loss can be calculated based on the humidity and flow rate differences before and after the packing area. The heat rate is monitored in real-time by the nuclear power plant's secondary loop DCS system, which collects data on the steam generator's heat absorption Q, turbine internal power W, and generator efficiency η. g and mechanical efficiency η m ,according to Calculate the heat rate.

[0084] Temperature sensors, flow meters, and pressure sensors are installed at the inlet and outlet of the combined wet and dry cooling tower. Humidity sensors are installed in the packing zone and rain zone, with one set each at the top, middle, and bottom of the packing zone. A back pressure sensor is installed on the condenser to monitor and collect operating parameter data. Anemometers, atmospheric pressure sensors, and dry-bulb and wet-bulb thermometers are installed in an open outdoor area to monitor and collect environmental parameter data.

[0085] The system uses a DCS (Distributed Control System) to collect data from the aforementioned sensors every 30 minutes, achieving multi-source data integration. During data acquisition, the system automatically identifies and removes outliers to ensure data accuracy and reliability. The filtered data is stored in the PI database, with historical data archived in a historical data table and real-time data stored in a real-time results table for subsequent data retrieval, analysis, and application.

[0086] Specifically, step S2 mainly includes:

[0087] S21. Input the monitoring data from step S1 into the simulation model, calibrate the simulation model parameters using historical data, and dynamically update the simulation model by combining real-time data.

[0088] By accumulating and analyzing historical data, patterns and trends in system operation can be discovered, allowing for precise calibration of model parameters. Real-time dynamic updates enable the model to reflect the current state of the system promptly, improving its predictive accuracy and reliability. The simulation model is a coupled model of the dry-wet combined cooling system and the nuclear power thermal system, capable of converting fluctuating cold-end heat loads into incremental power increases in the thermal cycle.

[0089] Historical data from the PI database of the DCS system is used to iteratively calibrate the coupled model using a parameter optimization algorithm. This reduces simulation errors and ensures that the model accurately reflects the characteristics and operating patterns of the thermal cycle side and cold end system of the nuclear power plant. The calibrated model is constructed using a graphical modeling tool, and the topological relationships of the subsystems are organized in a tree-like hierarchical structure to achieve a high-fidelity mapping of the thermal cycle side and cold end system in digital space. The physical system status is synchronized through a real-time data interface, supporting operation monitoring and performance analysis.

[0090] The process of constructing the coupling model is as follows:

[0091] A thermal system model is constructed based on the main equipment of the secondary loop of a nuclear power plant unit. The model needs to consider processes such as steam generation, expansion and work, condensation, and the transfer of thermal parameters between various equipment.

[0092] See Figure 2The diagram shows the structural layout of the combined dry and wet cooling tower in this embodiment. The dry cooling section and the wet cooling section are arranged horizontally and radially within the same cooling tower, making full use of the space inside and outside the tower. This allows for two heat exchange sources within one tower, enhancing natural convection and its suction force. In the diagram, 1 represents the tower body, 13 represents the main return water pipe, 19 represents the superheated steam pipe, 20 represents the water pump, 21 represents the condenser, and 22 represents the condensate pump. The counter-current wet cooling section can be divided from top to bottom into a water separator 9, a water distribution system 2, a spray zone 3, a packing zone 4, a rain zone 7, and a water collection tank 8. The water flow from the counter-current wet cooling section is delivered to the hot water distribution system 2 through the wet cooling section water distribution pipe 10 via valve 15 and through a vertical pipe (shaft). The water is then sprayed onto the packing 4 by a spraying device, and after passing through the packing 4, it forms a rain-like pattern and falls into the water storage tank 8. The water flow in the dry cooling section enters the cooling triangle 6 from the inlet water distribution pipe 11 through valve 14. After sufficient heat exchange inside the cooling triangle, it is transported out of the cooling triangle from the outlet water distribution pipe 12. The louvers of the dry cooling section around the cooling triangle 6 are used to control the air intake on the air side. The air enters the cooling tower via two routes. Air enters through the wet cooling section, starting from the bottom of the tower through the bottom air inlet. It then passes through the rain zone 7, packing zone 4, spray zone 3, water distribution system 2, water separator 9, and finally the tower outlet. The cold air entering the cooling tower absorbs heat lost through hot water evaporation and contact, increasing in temperature, humidity, and density. The outside air, with its lower temperature, lower humidity, and higher density, creates a pressure difference at the air inlet, driving continuous heat exchange. Air can also enter through the dry cooling section. In this section, the fluid inside the air-cooled finned tube bundle is water, while the fluid between the fins is air. Driven by natural convection within the cooling tower, the air flows from the outside to the inside of the air-cooled finned tube bundle, undergoing sufficient heat exchange before entering the tower and mixing with the air from the wet cooling section. Finally, it exits the tower through the outlet. The combined wet and dry cooling tower is also equipped with multiple valves to control different operating modes. Based on the above-mentioned dry and wet combined cooling tower model, due to the changes in the gas-liquid heat and mass exchange area along the water flow direction and the complexity of the gas-liquid heat and mass transport process during the packing process, the entire wet cooling section is divided into a spray zone, a packing zone, and a rain zone for separate modeling, and a natural ventilation combined cooling model based on the mass, momentum, and energy conservation equations is constructed.

[0093] The aforementioned thermal system model and combined cooling model are tightly linked through a coupling interface to ensure that thermal parameters can be transmitted and updated in real time and accurately. For example, key parameters such as the condenser's cooling water temperature and flow rate will be matched with the operating status of the cooling tower in real time.

[0094] S22. Simulate the back pressure changes at the cold end of the nuclear power plant under different operating conditions using a simulation model for a combined dry and wet cooling tower, and calculate the amortized cost and net profit of the power plant.

[0095] The above simulation model is used to simulate and predict the back pressure changes of the cold end system of a nuclear power plant under different operating modes, and to calculate the amortized cost and net profit of the power plant. Back pressure changes can be monitored by back pressure sensors, and the amortized cost and net profit of the power plant are calculated using the following methods.

[0096] The cost of each component of the combined wet and dry cooling tower is calculated, and the results are corrected using weighting coefficients and then averaged out over the service life.

[0097] Calculate the construction cost C of a single cooling triangle in the dry cooling section. d

[0098] C d =2×(C ft L t n tb +C h +C ba W he +C b A b

[0099] In the formula, C ft For the unit tube length cost of finned tubes, L t n is the length of the finned tube. tb It is the number of cooling triangular tube bundles, C h The frame cost of the cooling triangular tube bundle, C ba The cost of assembling the cooling triangle, W he Cost weighting coefficient for cooling triangular tube bundles, C b Price per unit area of ​​Venetian blinds, A b The area of ​​a single Venetian blind.

[0100] Calculate the construction cost C of the tower shell. c

[0101] C c =(C1+C ct +C hepl +C ts W c

[0102] In the formula, C1 represents land, excavation, and foundation costs, and C... ct It is the cost of the reinforced concrete for the tower shell, C hepl The cost of the cooling triangular tube bundle platform, C ts It's the cost of the tower base support, W c It is a weighting factor for structural costs.

[0103] Calculate the construction cost C of the water distribution system pst

[0104] C pst =(C pump +Cem +C ws +C pv W ps

[0105] In the formula, C pump This refers to the cost of purchasing the water pump, C. em This refers to the cost of purchasing the motor, C. ws It is the cost of electrical switches, C pv It is the cost of pipeline valves, W ps It is a cost weighting factor for the water distribution system.

[0106] Calculate the total construction cost of the combined wet and dry cooling tower, and allocate the total investment cost to the annual fixed cost C using a fixed rate. CFR

[0107]

[0108] In the formula, i is the rate of return on investment, n is its service life, and C fi This is the total cost of the packing material, n d It refers to the number of cooling triangles.

[0109] Calculate annual operating cost C operating

[0110]

[0111] In the formula, q0 is the heat dissipation rate, and C u,h W0 is the heat price of the nuclear power plant, and W0 is the power generation of the system. eva C represents the circulating water loss. u,water For the local water price, P p Let C be the power of the circulating water pump, n be the number of circulating water pumps, and C be the power of the circulating water pump. u,power τ represents the electricity price, and τ represents the operating time.

[0112] The heat rate q0 mentioned above is the amount of heat required by the unit to generate 1 kWh of electricity.

[0113]

[0114] In the formula, Q0 is the heat absorbed by the feedwater in the steam generator, Wi is the power inside the steam turbine, and η g For generator efficiency, η m For mechanical efficiency.

[0115] Calculate annual maintenance cost C maintenance

[0116] C maintenance =C he W hem +C c W cm +Cpst W pm +C pv W pvm +C fi W fi

[0117] In the formula, C he Cost of cooling triangular tube bundle, C c For the construction cost of the tower shell, C pst For the construction cost of the water distribution system, C pv It is the cost of pipeline valves, C fi W is the total cost of the packing material. hem W is a weighting factor for the maintenance cost of the cooling triangular tube bundle. cm It is the weighting factor for the maintenance cost of the tower structure, W pm It is a weighting factor for the maintenance cost of the water pump system, W pvm It is a weighting factor for pipeline and valve maintenance costs, W fi It is a weighting factor for packing maintenance costs.

[0118] The aforementioned fixed cost C CFR Operating costs C operating Maintenance cost C maintenance Adding them together, we can obtain the average annual amortized cost C of the combined wet and dry cooling tower. total

[0119] C total =C operating +C maintenance +C FCR .

[0120] The formula for calculating the hourly net profit Profit_h is as follows:

[0121] Profit_h = Profit / t = (E × C) eav -C tot ) / t=(W×t×C eav -C tot ) / t

[0122] In the formula, E represents total revenue, W represents power generation, t represents annual operating time, and P... rofit C represents total net profit. eav Indicates the feed-in tariff, C tot Indicates annual average.

[0123] S23. On the basis of ensuring stable back pressure, determine the optimal operating mode of the dry-wet combined cooling tower according to the current meteorological conditions.

[0124] See Figure 4As shown, under current meteorological conditions, the operating mode with stable back pressure and optimal economy is selected. The valve opening and louver angle are fine-tuned in real time using a simulation model and PID algorithm to ensure accurate back pressure tracking of the set value. Specifically, the back pressure sensor continuously monitors the turbine's exhaust pressure in real time to obtain the measured back pressure value. The control system compares the measured back pressure value with the pre-set target back pressure value, calculates the deviation, and sends the deviation signal to the PID controller. The PID controller performs real-time calculations on the deviation signal based on proportional, integral, and derivative calculations: the proportional term generates an immediate response based on the current deviation magnitude, the integral term accumulates historical deviations to eliminate continuous errors, and the derivative term predicts the deviation change trend to suppress system oscillations. The final result of the calculation generates a comprehensive control quantity, representing the total adjustment force required to eliminate the current back pressure deviation. The control system intelligently allocates the total adjustment force to two actuators: the opening of the cooling water flow regulating valve and the angle of the cooling tower louvers. Considering the current operating mode and economic efficiency or response sensitivity, the actuator with lower cost or more sensitive to back pressure changes is prioritized for adjustment. The allocated specific instructions are sent to the corresponding electric or hydraulic actuators. Changing the valve opening directly adjusts the flow rate of cooling water entering the cooling tower, while changing the louver angle regulates the airflow entering the tower. These two physical parameters change synergistically, jointly affecting the cooling tower's heat dissipation capacity.

[0125] The specific operating mode selection is as follows:

[0126] When environmental meteorological conditions are characterized by high temperature and high humidity, but the region has abundant water resources, and the heat consumption rate, steam consumption rate, and investment cost are significantly increased, while water consumption cost is relatively low, the cooling tower's heat exchange efficiency is poor. In this case, it is possible to reduce the outlet water temperature by fully utilizing the excellent heat exchange capacity of the wet cooling section, even at the cost of increased water consumption. Solution: Fully utilize the cooling capacity of both the dry and wet cooling sections. A series operation mode for the dry and wet cooling sections can be adopted to ensure that the outlet water temperature meets the requirements, thereby achieving the purpose of regulating back pressure.

[0127] When the environmental meteorological conditions are mild and there is a lot of water available, and the water consumption cost is low in the cost allocation, while the steam consumption rate, heat consumption rate and investment cost are slightly high, a parallel operation mode of dry cooling section and wet cooling section can be adopted to reduce costs and achieve the purpose of regulating back pressure.

[0128] When the ambient temperature is mild but water resources are scarce, and the water consumption cost is rising, the heat consumption rate, steam consumption rate and investment cost are slightly higher, a mixed flow operation mode can be adopted in which all cooling water first passes through the dry cooling section, then part of it passes through the wet cooling section, and the other part is directly returned to the water. This fully utilizes the heat exchange capacity of the dry cooling section and uses the heat exchange capacity of the wet cooling section as an auxiliary to achieve the purpose of stabilizing the back pressure.

[0129] When the dry cooling section or wet cooling section requires maintenance, the dry cooling section or wet cooling section is operated independently. This significantly reduces the maintenance cost in the allocated costs while ensuring the stability of heat consumption rate, steam consumption rate, and investment cost.

[0130] Specifically, in step S3, the process of dynamically adjusting the opening degree of valves and louvers in the dry combined cooling tower according to the optimal operating mode is as follows:

[0131] Based on the optimal operating mode determined above, the opening degree of valves and louvers in the combined dry and wet cooling tower is dynamically adjusted to switch the operating mode of the combined dry and wet cooling tower. The adjustment modes include the following:

[0132] When the optimal operating mode is the series operation of the dry cooling section and the wet cooling section, refer to Figure 3 As shown, valves 14, 16, and 18 are fully open, while valves 15 and 17 are fully closed, and the louvers in the dry cooling section are open. The circulating cooling water used to cool the turbine condenser first passes through the cooling triangular finned tube bundle in the dry cooling section to exchange heat with the air, and then all of it reaches the water distribution system 2 in the wet cooling section. In the counter-flow wet cooling, it then passes through the lower packing zone 4 and rain zone 7 to exchange heat and mass with the air before reaching the water collection pool 8; finally, it returns to the turbine condenser via the circulating pump 20 to cool the turbine exhaust.

[0133] When the optimal operating mode is the parallel operation of the dry cooling section and the wet cooling section, refer to... Figure 3 As shown, valves 14, 15, 17, and 18 are in the open state, valve 16 is in the fully closed state, and the louvers in the dry cooling section are in the open state. Cooling water from the turbine condenser passes independently through the dry cooling section and the wet cooling section, and the flow ratio between the two sections can be adjusted by the valve opening. In the dry cooling section, the cooling water exchanges heat with the air in the cooling triangular finned tube bundle 6; in the wet cooling section, the cooling water enters the water distribution system 2, and in the counter-current wet cooling process, it is sprayed downwards through the water distribution system, exchanging heat and mass with the air in the lower packing area 4 and rain zone 7, before reaching the water collection pool 8. Finally, the cooling water at the outlet of the dry cooling section mixes with the cooling water at the outlet of the wet cooling section and returns to the turbine condenser via the circulating pump 20 to cool the turbine exhaust.

[0134] When the optimal operating mode is a mixed flow operating mode, refer to [reference needed]. Figure 3 As shown, valves 14 and 18 are fully open, valve 15 is fully closed, and valves 16 and 17 are at a certain opening degree. The louvers in the dry cooling section are open. The cooling water exiting the turbine condenser flows entirely through the dry cooling section 6 in the cooling tower for heat exchange with the air. A portion of the flow then continues through the wet cooling section for further heat exchange with the air. This portion of the flow mixes with the flow that did not pass through the wet cooling section and then flows out to the condenser.

[0135] When the dry cooling section or wet cooling section requires maintenance, it should be operated in a separate mode. The valves in either section should be fully opened or closed for inspection and maintenance, effectively reducing economic losses associated with maintenance. For instructions on using the wet cooling section in a separate operation mode, please refer to [link to relevant documentation]. Figure 3 As shown, valves 14, 16, and 17 are fully closed, while valves 15 and 18 are fully open. The louvers in the dry cooling section are closed, and cooling water does not enter the dry cooling section; instead, it all flows into the wet cooling section. Maintenance of the dry cooling section can be performed at this time. For the dry cooling section operating mode, please refer to [reference needed]. Figure 3 As shown, valves 15, 16, and 18 are fully closed, while valves 11 and 17 are fully open. Cooling water does not enter the wet cooling section, and cooling is entirely provided by the dry cooling section. At this time, the wet cooling section can be maintained.

[0136] Specifically, in step S4, the real-time monitoring of the operating status of the combined wet and dry cooling tower, and the optimization and correction of the simulation model implementation process are as follows:

[0137] In optimal operating mode, it is necessary to monitor cold-end back pressure, cooling efficiency, and operating costs in real time, while simultaneously collecting parameters such as ambient temperature, humidity, and wind speed to provide complete data support for subsequent optimization. All data must be filtered and validated to remove outliers and ensure the reliability of the input model. The real-time monitoring data is compared with the simulation model's predicted values. If the deviation continues to exceed a set threshold (e.g., back pressure error > 5%), the model parameters are adjusted in a certain step size to make the prediction closer to the actual operating state.

[0138] If a sensor malfunction or abnormal data is detected, a fault-tolerant mechanism is activated, such as switching to a backup sensor or using historical averages as a replacement, and model correction is paused to prevent erroneous data from affecting the control strategy. After each valve or louver adjustment, the system must be allowed to stabilize before new data is collected to prevent feedback oscillations.

[0139] Corresponding measures are taken for different levels of anomalies: minor deviations (such as back pressure fluctuations of ±3%) are automatically adjusted by the PID controller; severe anomalies (such as back pressure exceeding limits or a sudden drop in efficiency) trigger an emergency mode (such as fully opening the louvers or starting the backup pump). Meanwhile, key parameters, forecast curves, and alarm information are displayed in real time through a visual dashboard to assist maintenance personnel in making quick decisions, and manual intervention is possible when necessary.

[0140] Example 2

[0141] See Figure 3As shown, this embodiment proposes a monitoring and regulation system for a combined wet and dry cooling tower based on environmental changes. The system includes a data acquisition module, a DCS control module, a dynamic analysis module, a mode execution module, and a feedback optimization module. The output of the data acquisition module is connected to the input of the DCS control module, the output of the DCS control module is connected to the input of the dynamic analysis module, the output of the dynamic analysis module is connected to the input of the mode execution module, the output of the mode execution module is connected to the input of the feedback optimization module, and the output of the feedback optimization module is connected to both the data acquisition module and the dynamic analysis module.

[0142] The data acquisition module is used to monitor and collect operating parameters, environmental parameters and cost parameters of the cold end of the nuclear power plant. The data acquisition module includes temperature sensors, pressure sensors, humidity sensors, back pressure sensors and flow meters arranged in the dry and wet combined cooling tower, as well as anemometers, atmospheric pressure sensors and dry and wet bulb thermometers arranged outdoors.

[0143] The DCS control module integrates the aforementioned multi-source data, automatically identifies and removes outliers, and stores the data in the PI database. Historical data is archived in the historical data table, while real-time data is stored in the real-time results table. Simultaneously, the data is updated every 30 minutes, and real-time monitoring data is input into the simulation model.

[0144] The dynamic analysis module is used to calibrate and update simulation model parameters, predict back pressure changes under different valve openings and different windward angles of the heat dissipation modules, and calculate the amortized cost of the dry-wet combined cooling tower and the net profit of the power plant. Under stable back pressure, it determines the optimal operating mode of the dry-wet combined cooling tower under current meteorological conditions. The operating modes of the dry-wet combined cooling tower include: dry and wet cooling sections operating in series; dry and wet cooling sections operating in parallel; dry and wet cooling sections operating in combination; dry cooling section operating alone; and wet cooling section operating alone.

[0145] The mode execution module is used to dynamically adjust the opening of valves and louvers in the dry-wet combined cooling tower according to the judgment results of the dynamic analysis module, and switch the dry-wet combined cooling tower to the optimal operating mode.

[0146] The feedback optimization module is used to monitor the back pressure stability and cooling efficiency of the cold end of the nuclear power plant under the best operating mode and provide feedback, periodically calibrate the simulation model parameters, and issue alarms and take corresponding actions for abnormal data.

[0147] This invention provides a monitoring and adjustment method and system for combined dry and wet cooling towers based on environmental changes. The dry and wet cooling sections are arranged horizontally and radially within the same cooling tower. This not only ensures sufficient suction force at the top and bottom of the cooling tower but also significantly reduces the separation of air exiting the tower, effectively improving cooling efficiency and fully utilizing the tower's internal space. Simultaneously, the combination of the dry and wet cooling sections reduces humidity after the air mixes, effectively preventing atomization at the cooling tower outlet and minimizing environmental impact. Furthermore, while meeting the required suction force, the tower's height and diameter can be reduced, decreasing its footprint and thus lowering initial investment costs such as infrastructure costs. Additionally, comprehensive cost identification methods accurately identify different allocated costs of the power plant, including steam consumption rate, heat consumption rate, water consumption cost, investment cost, and maintenance cost, providing strong support for the economical operation of the power plant.

[0148] Example 3

[0149] This embodiment provides an electronic device, which is used as a terminal device in this description. The electronic device includes a memory and a processor. The memory stores a computer program, and the processor is configured to execute the steps of the monitoring and adjustment method for combined dry and wet cooling towers based on environmental changes in Embodiment 1 through the computer program.

[0150] Optionally, in this embodiment, the aforementioned electronic device may be located in at least one of a plurality of network devices in a computer network.

[0151] Optionally, in this embodiment, the processor may be configured to execute the methods in the embodiments of this application via a computer program.

[0152] The memory can be used to store software programs and modules, such as the program instructions / modules corresponding to the monitoring and adjustment method and device for combined wet and dry cooling towers based on environmental changes in Embodiment 1 of this application. The processor executes various functional applications and data processing by running the software programs and modules stored in the memory, thereby realizing the aforementioned monitoring and adjustment method for combined wet and dry cooling towers based on environmental changes. The memory may include high-speed random access memory, and may also include non-volatile memory, such as one or more magnetic storage devices, flash memory, or other non-volatile solid-state memory. In some instances, the memory may further include memory remotely located relative to the processor, and these remote memories can be connected to the terminal via a network.

[0153] In other embodiments, the aforementioned terminal device or server can be a node in a distributed system, wherein the distributed system can be a blockchain system, which is a distributed system formed by connecting multiple nodes through network communication. The nodes can form a peer-to-peer network, and any form of computing device, such as a server, terminal, or other electronic device, can become a node in the blockchain system by joining this peer-to-peer network.

[0154] Example 4

[0155] This embodiment provides a computer-readable storage medium. The processor of an electronic device reads computer instructions from the computer-readable storage medium and executes the computer instructions, causing the electronic device to perform the monitoring and adjustment method for combined dry and wet cooling towers based on environmental changes in Embodiment 1 above.

[0156] Optionally, in this embodiment, the computer-readable storage medium described above may be configured to store methods for performing the embodiments of this application.

[0157] Optionally, in this embodiment, those skilled in the art will understand that all or part of the steps in the various methods of the above embodiments can be implemented by a program instructing the hardware related to the terminal device. The program can be stored in a computer-readable storage medium, which may include: flash drive, read-only memory (ROM), random access memory (RAM), disk or optical disk, etc.

[0158] The above description is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the invention. Various modifications and variations can be made to the present invention by those skilled in the art. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0159] It should be noted that, in this document, relational terms such as "first" and "second" are used merely to distinguish one entity or operation from another, and do not necessarily require or imply any such actual relationship or order between these entities or operations. Furthermore, the terms "comprising," "including," or any other variations thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements includes not only those elements but also other elements not expressly listed, or elements inherent to such a process, method, article, or apparatus. Without further limitations, an element defined by the phrase "comprising one..." does not exclude the presence of other identical elements in the process, method, article, or apparatus that includes the element.

[0160] It should be noted that, in the description of this specification, the references to terms such as "one embodiment," "some embodiments," "example," "specific example," or "some examples," etc., indicate that a specific feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with that embodiment or example is included in at least one embodiment or example of the present invention. In this specification, the illustrative expressions of the above terms do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the specific features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in one or more embodiments or examples. Moreover, without contradiction, those skilled in the art can combine and integrate the different embodiments or examples described in this specification, as well as the features of different embodiments or examples.

Claims

1. A method for monitoring and regulating a combined wet and dry cooling tower based on environmental changes, characterized in that, The method includes the following steps: S1. Monitor and collect operating parameter data, environmental parameter data, and cost parameter data of the cold end system of the nuclear power plant; S2. Use monitoring data to calibrate simulation model parameters, predict system performance under different operating conditions, and determine the optimal operating mode of the dry-wet combined cooling tower. S3. Dynamically adjust the water flow and air flow control components in the dry combined cooling tower according to the optimal operating mode; S4. Monitor the operating status of the combined dry and wet cooling tower in real time, and optimize and correct the simulation model.

2. The method for monitoring and regulating a combined wet and dry cooling tower based on environmental changes according to claim 1, characterized in that, Step S2 includes: S21. Use monitoring data to calibrate the simulation model parameters and update the model in real time; S22. Simulate the back pressure changes at the cold end of the nuclear power plant under different operating conditions using a simulation model for a combined dry and wet cooling tower, and calculate the amortized cost and net profit of the power plant. S23. On the basis of ensuring stable back pressure, determine the optimal operating mode of the dry-wet combined cooling tower according to the current meteorological conditions.

3. The method for monitoring and regulating a combined wet and dry cooling tower based on environmental changes according to claim 2, characterized in that: The simulation model in step S21 is a coupled model of the dry and wet combined cooling tower and the nuclear power unit's secondary loop. The coupled model can convert the cold end heat load fluctuation into a slight increase in power of the thermodynamic cycle.

4. The method for monitoring and regulating a combined wet and dry cooling tower based on environmental changes according to claim 3, characterized in that: The calculation method for the amortized cost mentioned in step S22 is as follows: C total =C operating +C maintenance +C FCR Among them, C CFR For fixed costs, C operating For operating costs, C maintenance To cover maintenance costs.

5. The method for monitoring and regulating a combined wet and dry cooling tower based on environmental changes according to claim 4, characterized in that: The calculation method for the net profit of the power plant is as follows: Profit_h=Profit / t=(E-C tot ) / t=(W×t×C eav -C tot ) / t Among them, P rofit_h Net profit per hour, E represents total revenue, W represents power generation capacity, t represents annual operating time, P rofit C represents total net profit. eav Indicates the feed-in tariff, C tot This indicates the average annual cost.

6. The method for monitoring and regulating a combined wet and dry cooling tower based on environmental changes according to claim 4, characterized in that: The calculation method for the maintenance cost is as follows: C maintenance =C he W hem +C c W cm +C pst W pm +C pv W pvm +C fi W fi Among them, C he Cost of cooling triangular tube bundle, C c For the construction cost of the tower shell, C pst For the construction cost of the water distribution system, C pv It is the cost of pipeline valves, C fi W is the total cost of the packing material. hem W is a weighting factor for the maintenance cost of the cooling triangular tube bundle. cm It is the weighting factor for the maintenance cost of the tower structure, W pm It is a weighting factor for the maintenance cost of the water pump system, W pvm It is a weighting factor for pipeline and valve maintenance costs, W fi It is a weighting factor for packing maintenance costs.

7. The method for monitoring and regulating a combined wet and dry cooling tower based on environmental changes according to claim 4, characterized in that: The calculation method for the operating cost is as follows: Where q0 is the heat dissipation rate, C u,h W0 is the heat price of the nuclear power plant, and W0 is the power generation of the system. eva C represents the circulating water loss. u,water For the local water price, P p Let C be the power of the circulating water pump, n be the number of circulating water pumps, and C be the power of the circulating water pump. u,power τ represents the electricity price, and τ represents the operating time.

8. The method for monitoring and regulating a combined wet and dry cooling tower based on environmental changes according to claim 4, characterized in that: The calculation method for the fixed costs is as follows: Where i is the rate of return on investment, n is the service period, and C fi This is the total cost of the packing material, n d It is the number of cooling triangles, C d For the construction cost of a single cooling triangle, C c For the construction cost of the tower shell, C pst This refers to the construction cost of the water distribution system.

9. The method for monitoring and regulating a combined wet and dry cooling tower based on environmental changes according to claim 8, characterized in that: The calculation method for the construction cost of a single cooling triangle is as follows: C d =2×(C ft L t n tb +C h +C ba )W he +C b A b Among them, C ft For the unit tube length cost of finned tubes, L t n is the length of the finned tube. tb It is the number of cooling triangular tube bundles, C h The frame cost of the cooling triangular tube bundle, C ba The cost of assembling the cooling triangle, W he Cost weighting coefficient for cooling triangular tube bundles, C b Price per unit area of ​​Venetian blinds, A b The area of ​​a single Venetian blind.

10. The method for monitoring and regulating a combined wet and dry cooling tower based on environmental changes according to claim 8, characterized in that: The construction cost of the tower shell is: C c =(C1+C ct +C hepl +C ts )W c Among them, C1 land, excavation and foundation costs, C ct It is the cost of the reinforced concrete of the tower shell, C hepl The cost of the cooling triangular tube bundle platform, C ts It is the cost of the tower base support, W c It is a weighting factor for structural costs.

11. The method for monitoring and regulating a combined wet and dry cooling tower based on environmental changes according to claim 8, characterized in that: The construction cost of the water distribution system is C pst =(C pump +C em +C ws +C pv )W ps Among them, C pump This refers to the cost of purchasing the water pump, C. em This refers to the cost of purchasing the motor, C. ws It is the cost of electrical switches, C pv It is the cost of pipeline valves, W ps It is a cost weighting factor for the water distribution system.

12. The method for monitoring and regulating a combined wet and dry cooling tower based on environmental changes according to claim 2, characterized in that, Step S23 includes: under the current meteorological conditions, determining the operating condition with stable back pressure and high net profit of the power plant as the optimal operating mode, and using a PID algorithm to determine the valve opening degree and the windward angle of the dry-wet combined cooling tower under this operating mode.

13. The method for monitoring and regulating a combined wet and dry cooling tower based on environmental changes according to claim 12, characterized in that, Step S3 includes: dynamically adjusting the opening degree of valves and louvers in the wet-dry combined cooling tower to switch the operating mode of the wet-dry combined cooling tower, wherein the operating modes of the wet-dry combined cooling tower include series operation mode, parallel operation mode, mixed flow operation mode and individual operation mode.

14. The method for monitoring and regulating a combined wet and dry cooling tower based on environmental changes according to claim 13, characterized in that, Step S4 includes: in the optimal operating mode, comparing the real-time monitoring data with the simulation model predictions; if the deviation continues to exceed the set threshold, adjusting and calibrating the model parameters.

15. The method for monitoring and regulating a combined wet and dry cooling tower based on environmental changes according to claim 14, characterized in that, Step S4 further includes: if a sensor malfunction or data anomaly is detected, a fault tolerance mechanism is activated, and corresponding measures are taken for different anomaly levels.

16. The method for monitoring and regulating a combined wet and dry cooling tower based on environmental changes according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S1, the operating parameters include temperature, flow rate, valve opening degree and back pressure, the environmental parameters include temperature, humidity and wind speed, and the cost parameters include water consumption, heat consumption and operating cost.

17. A monitoring and control system for a combined wet and dry cooling tower based on environmental changes, the system being used to implement the monitoring and control method for a combined wet and dry cooling tower based on environmental changes as described in claims 1-16, characterized in that, The system includes: a data acquisition module, a DCS control module, a dynamic analysis module, a mode execution module, and a feedback optimization module; The data acquisition module is used to monitor and collect operating parameters, environmental parameters, and cost parameters of the cold end of the nuclear power plant. The DCS control module is used to update, process, and store data at a set frequency; The dynamic analysis module is used to calibrate and update the simulation model parameters, and to predict and determine the optimal operating mode of the dry-wet combined cooling tower based on the simulation model. The mode execution module is used to dynamically adjust the opening of valves and louvers in the dry-wet combined cooling tower to switch the dry-wet combined cooling tower to the optimal operating mode. The feedback optimization is used to provide feedback and calibrate the simulation model parameters, and to issue alarms and take appropriate action for abnormal data.

18. The monitoring and control system for combined wet and dry cooling towers based on environmental changes according to claim 17, characterized in that: The data acquisition module includes sensors and flow meters arranged in the combined dry and wet cooling tower, as well as anemometers, sensors, and thermometers arranged outdoors.

19. The monitoring and control system for combined wet and dry cooling towers based on environmental changes according to claim 17, characterized in that: The dynamic analysis module contains a coupled model of the dry-wet combined cooling tower and the secondary loop of the nuclear power unit.

20. A computer-readable storage medium, characterized in that, The computer-readable storage medium includes a stored computer program, wherein the computer program can be executed by an electronic device to perform the method for monitoring and regulating a combined wet and dry cooling tower based on environmental changes as described in any one of claims 1 to 16.

21. An electronic device comprising a memory and a processor, characterized in that, The memory stores a computer program, and the processor is configured to execute the monitoring and regulation method for combined wet and dry cooling towers based on environmental changes as described in any one of claims 1 to 16 through the computer program.

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