A method for desert steppe management

Abstract

The present application relates to grassland management technical field, particularly to a kind of desert steppe management method.The present application is by fertilization treatment, plant species group, sand barrier setting and four heavy technology coordination of comprehensive management, significantly improve vegetation coverage and species diversity;Sand barrier and management measures synergistic effect, effectively fixed sandy soil, keep soil moisture;The use of microbial fertilizer enhances soil microbial activity, promotes nutrient cycling.The present application provides a management method, which can select the optimal combination mode according to different site conditions.In practical application, the specific conditions of desert steppe can be selected according to the fertilization mode, plant combination, sand barrier type and management measures, and the corresponding management system is constructed.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of grassland management technology, and in particular to a method for managing desert grasslands. Background Technology

[0002] Desert steppe ecosystems are fragile, and vegetation restoration is difficult; single-method management often yields limited results. Current common methods, such as monoculture planting, simple fertilization, or single sand barrier installation, are insufficient for long-term, stable ecological restoration. Therefore, a systematic, multi-technology collaborative management model is needed to improve vegetation survival rates, promote soil improvement, and enhance wind and sand stabilization capabilities. Summary of the Invention

[0003] To address the aforementioned problems, this invention provides a method for managing desert steppes. The method utilizes a synergistic approach involving fertilization, plant species combination, sand barrier installation, and integrated management to construct a multi-layered, highly stable vegetation restoration system.

[0004] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution: This invention provides a method for managing desert steppes, comprising the following steps: Sand barriers are set up, including one or more of the following: grass checkerboard sand barriers, bio-based biodegradable sand barriers, nylon mesh sand barriers, or clay sand barriers. Fertilization treatment: Mix the water-retaining agent evenly with organic fertilizer and forage-specific fertilizer, spread the mixture, and then till the soil to a depth of 5-10 cm; the application rate of the organic fertilizer is 4.5 kg / m³. 2 The application rate of the forage-specific fertilizer is 10 g / m³. 2 ; Planting: Mix the grass seeds and sow them at a rate of 1.35 g / m² for each species. 2 The grass species include any three of the following: Artemisia argyi, Haloxylon ammodendron, Lysimachia christinae, Alternanthera philoxeroides, Podocarpus santalinus, Imperata cylindrica, Quinoa, Leymus chinensis, and Agrimonia pilosa. After sowing, cover with soil and lay non-woven fabric.

[0005] Preferably, after covering with soil, 30 g / m³ of microbial fertilizer is applied. 2 The microorganisms in the microbial fertilizer include: Azotobacter chrysophyte, Rhizobium, Bacillus megaterium, Bacillus subtilis, Trichoderma harzianum, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, and pyrothermic Bacillus.

[0006] Preferably, the method of applying the microbial fertilizer includes: dissolving the microbial fertilizer in water and then spraying it.

[0007] Preferably, the organic fertilizer includes well-rotted sheep manure.

[0008] Preferably, the sand barrier has dimensions of 1.5 m × 1 m.

[0009] Preferably, the bio-based biodegradable sand barrier includes one or more of the following: PLA sandbag grid, PLA net, PLA grid, straw sand barrier, and sand barrier prepared with biodegradable sand-fixing agent.

[0010] Preferably, the water-retaining agent comprises the following components in weight percentage: 70%–90% polyacrylate, 0.1%–0.5% crosslinking agent, 2%–5% antifreeze agent, 10% bentonite, and 1.7% potassium humate.

[0011] Preferably, the polyacrylate comprises sodium polyacrylate and / or potassium polyacrylate; the crosslinking agent comprises N,N'-methylenebisacrylamide; and the antifreeze agent comprises glycerol.

[0012] Preferably, the application rate of the water-retaining agent is 60 g / m³. 2 .

[0013] Preferably, the treatment method further includes: comprehensive management: 1) water thoroughly every 10 days starting from the first watering after sowing; 2) when the germination rate is above 60%, partially lift the non-woven fabric; 3) when the seedlings grow to 3-4 true leaves, remove the non-woven fabric.

[0014] Beneficial effects: This invention significantly improves vegetation cover and species diversity through the synergistic application of four technologies: fertilization, plant species combination, sand barrier installation, and integrated management. The sand barriers and management measures work together to effectively stabilize sand and retain soil moisture. The use of microbial fertilizer enhances soil microbial activity and promotes nutrient cycling. The treatment method provided by this invention allows for the selection of the optimal combination mode based on different site conditions. In practical applications, fertilization methods, plant combinations, sand barrier types, and management measures can be selected according to the specific conditions of desert steppes to construct a corresponding treatment system. Attached Figure Description

[0015] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the accompanying drawings used in the embodiments will be briefly described below.

[0016] Figures 1-9 The results of various indicators under different governance models are shown; where FGY is fresh grass yield, with the vertical axis unit being kg / mu·year; HY is dry grass yield, with the vertical axis unit being kg / mu·year; CP is crude protein, with the vertical axis unit being %; and CF is crude fiber, with the vertical axis unit being %. Detailed Implementation

[0017] This invention provides a method for managing desert steppes, comprising the following steps: Sand barriers are set up, including one or more of the following: grass checkerboard sand barriers, bio-based biodegradable sand barriers, nylon mesh sand barriers, or clay sand barriers. Fertilization treatment: Mix the water-retaining agent evenly with organic fertilizer and forage-specific fertilizer, spread the mixture, and then till the soil to a depth of 5-10 cm; the application rate of the organic fertilizer is 4.5 kg / m³. 2 The application rate of the forage-specific fertilizer is 10 g / m³. 2 ; Planting: Mix the grass seeds and sow them at a rate of 1.35 g / m² for each species. 2 The grass species include any three of the following: Artemisia argyi, Haloxylon ammodendron, Lysimachia christinae, Alternanthera philoxeroides, Podocarpus santalinus, Imperata cylindrica, Quinoa, Leymus chinensis, and Agrimonia pilosa. After sowing, cover with soil and lay non-woven fabric.

[0018] In one embodiment, the organic fertilizer includes well-rotted sheep manure. As one embodiment, the preparation method of the organic fertilizer (well-rotted sheep manure) of the present invention is as follows: After adjusting the moisture content of the sheep manure to 50wt.%-70wt.%, it is placed in a woven bag or plastic bucket, the opening is tied tightly (leaving a small amount for ventilation), and placed in a sunny place to utilize solar energy for heating and composting. The completion of composting is determined by the following: the color turns a uniform dark brown or black; the original manure odor is gone, replaced by a faint earthy or yeasty aroma; the texture is loose and soft, without clumping, and white or grayish-white mycelium can be seen; and the volume of the compost pile is significantly reduced compared to the initial volume. The composting method provided by the present invention has the advantages of simple operation, minimal nutrient loss, and small footprint.

[0019] As one implementation method, microbial fertilizer is applied at a rate of 30 g / m² after soil covering. 2 The microorganisms in the microbial fertilizer include: Azotobacter chrysophyte, Rhizobium, Bacillus megaterium, Bacillus subtilis, Trichoderma harzianum, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, and pyrothermic Bacillus.

[0020] As one implementation method, the application method of the microbial fertilizer includes: dissolving the microbial fertilizer in water and then spraying it.

[0021] In one implementation, the sand barrier has dimensions of 1.5 m × 1 m.

[0022] As one implementation method, the bio-based biodegradable sand barrier includes one or more of the following: PLA sandbag grids, PLA nets, PLA grids, straw-based sand barriers, and sand barriers prepared with biodegradable sand-fixing agents. The applications of different sand barriers are as follows: (1) PLA sandbag grid: suitable for mobile sand dunes, photovoltaic parks, and large-area sand fixation; degradation cycle of 3-8 years; wind erosion resistant, water-retaining, easy to construct, and zero pollution.

[0023] (2) PLA mesh or grid: flat sandy land, edge locking project, rapid sand fixation; degradation cycle of 3-8 years; permeable and air-guiding, high construction efficiency.

[0024] (3) Straw living sand barrier: Shazhuyu traditional area, low cost management; degradation cycle of 2-5 years (living barrier is permanent); local materials, low cost, promotes vegetation.

[0025] (4) Sand barriers prepared by degradable sand fixation agent: sand surface consolidation, seed bed protection, high-altitude and cold regions; degradation cycle of 1-3 years; antifreeze, breathable, and promotes growth.

[0026] The embodiments of this invention primarily utilize PLA sandbag grids. The main reasons are: Firstly, they provide insulation and promote degradation; PLA degrades more slowly at low temperatures, taking 5-8 years to fully degrade, which perfectly matches the planting cycle of psammophytic plants. Secondly, they utilize sand to control desertification: PLA sandbags are used to fill sand on-site, significantly reducing transportation costs and making them suitable for remote sandy areas.

[0027] In one embodiment, the water-retaining agent comprises the following components in weight percentage: 70%–90% polyacrylate, 0.1%–0.5% crosslinking agent, 2%–5% antifreeze agent, 10% bentonite, and 1.7% potassium humate.

[0028] In one embodiment, the polyacrylate comprises sodium polyacrylate and / or potassium polyacrylate; the crosslinking agent comprises N,N'-methylenebisacrylamide; and the antifreeze agent comprises glycerol. The water-retaining agent provided by this invention has a water absorption ratio of 300–500 times, holds water for 7–15 days, is resistant to -15℃, and is suitable for desertified grasslands in Qinghai.

[0029] In one embodiment, the application rate of the water-retaining agent is 60 g / m³. 2 .

[0030] As one implementation method, water-retaining agents are applied to arid grasslands in high-altitude regions during the autumn.

[0031] As one implementation method, the forage fertilizer was purchased from Qinghai Sanjiang Group Forage Seed Breeding Farm Co., Ltd., with registration certificate: Qingnongfei (2022) No. 0001 (valid from 2024 to 2027) issued by the Qinghai Provincial Department of Agriculture and Rural Affairs. It is a biological organic fertilizer for forage, with a specification of 40kg / bag.

[0032] As one implementation method, the microbial fertilizer was purchased from Qinghai Enze Agricultural Technology Co., Ltd., product name: Enzyme Bio-organic Fertilizer (Forage Special), item number: WF-MC-01. The microorganisms in the microbial fertilizer include: Azotobacter chrysophyte, Rhizobium, Bacillus megaterium, Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus harzianum, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens and Bacillus pyrolyticus.

[0033] As one implementation method, the treatment method further includes: comprehensive management: 1) starting from the first watering after sowing, water thoroughly every 10 days; 2) when the germination rate is above 60%, partially lift the non-woven fabric; 3) when the seedlings grow to 3-4 true leaves, remove the non-woven fabric. To further illustrate the present invention, the following detailed description of a method for managing desert grasslands provided by the present invention is provided in conjunction with embodiments and accompanying drawings, but these descriptions should not be construed as limiting the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0034] Example 1 A method for managing desert steppes (denoted as F1S1M1) consists of the following steps: 1. Set up sand barriers: Use wheat straw to set up straw checkerboard sand barriers with a size of 1.5 m × 1 m; 2. Loosen the soil and water it 2-3 days before sowing; 3. Fertilization: Apply 4.5 kg / m² of organic fertilizer (well-rotted sheep manure) within the sand barrier. 2 Harvest-specific fertilizer (25% special fertilizer) 10 g / m 2 Mix the water-retaining agent evenly with organic fertilizer and forage-specific fertilizer, spread the mixture, and then lightly till the soil to a depth of 5-10 cm. In high-altitude and cold regions, autumn application is preferred to help retain soil moisture during winter. The application rate of the water-retaining agent is 60 g / m². 2 The water-retaining agent is composed of the following components in the indicated mass percentages: 85% potassium polyacrylate, 0.3% N,N'-methylenebisacrylamide (crosslinking agent), 3% glycerol (antifreeze), 10% bentonite (sand fixation), and 1.7% potassium humate; 4. Planting: Mix the seeds of Artemisia arenaria, Haloxylon ammodendron, and Agrocybe aegerita and sow them (either by furrowing or broadcasting). Cover with soil and compact, then immediately cover with non-woven fabric. The sowing rate for each plant is 1.35 g / m². 2 ; 5. Comprehensive management: 1) Starting from the first watering after sowing, water thoroughly every 10 days (water on the cloth); 2) When the germination rate is over 60%, make a cut or partially lift the non-woven cloth; 3) When the seedlings grow to 3-4 true leaves, completely remove the non-woven cloth.

[0035] Example 2 A similar treatment method to Example 1 (denoted as F1S1M2) is used, except that the sand barrier is a bio-based biodegradable sand barrier, specifically a PLA sandbag grid.

[0036] Example 3 A similar treatment method to Example 1 (denoted as F1S1M3) is used, except that the sand barrier is a clay sand barrier, and a 30 cm small earthen embankment is constructed with clay, with a size of 1.5 m × 1 m.

[0037] Example 4 A similar treatment method to Example 1 (denoted as F1S2M1) is used, except that the plants sown are Artemisia arenaria, Alternaria spp. and Amaranthus praecox.

[0038] Example 5 A similar treatment method to Example 2 (denoted as F1S2M2) is used, except that the plants sown are Artemisia argyi, Amaranthus praecox, and Amaranthus parasiticus.

[0039] Example 6 A similar treatment method to Example 3 (denoted as F1S2M3) is used, except that the plants sown are Artemisia argyi, Amaranthus praecox and Amaranthus praecox.

[0040] Example 7 A similar treatment method to Example 1 (denoted as F1S3M1) is used, except that the plants sown are Artemisia argyi, Imperata cylindrica, and Quinoa.

[0041] Example 8 A similar treatment method to Example 2 (denoted as F1S3M2) is used, except that the plants sown are Artemisia argyi, Imperata cylindrica, and Quinoa.

[0042] Example 9 A similar treatment method to Example 3 (denoted as F1S3M3) is used, except that the plants sown are Artemisia argyi, Imperata cylindrica, and Quinoa.

[0043] Example 10 A similar treatment method to Example 1 (denoted as F1S4M1) is used, except that the plants sown are Artemisia argyi, Leymus chinensis and Agrimonia pilosa.

[0044] Example 11 A similar treatment method to Example 2 (denoted as F1S4M2) is used, except that the plants sown are Artemisia argyi, Leymus chinensis and Agrimonia pilosa.

[0045] Example 12 A similar treatment method to Example 3 (denoted as F1S4M3) is used, except that the plants sown are Artemisia argyi, Leymus chinensis and Agrimonia pilosa.

[0046] Example 13 A treatment method similar to Example 1 (denoted as F2S1M1) is used, except that 30 g / m³ of microbial fertilizer is added to step 4. 2 After covering and compacting the soil, dissolve it in water at a ratio of 1g:5ml and spray.

[0047] Example 14 A treatment method similar to Example 2 (denoted as F2S1M2) is used, except that 30 g / m³ of microbial fertilizer is added to step 4. 2After covering and compacting the soil, dissolve it in water at a ratio of 1g:5ml and spray.

[0048] Example 15 A treatment method similar to Example 3 (denoted as F2S1M3) is used, except that 30 g / m³ of microbial fertilizer is added to the treatment in step 4. 2 After covering and compacting the soil, dissolve it in water at a ratio of 1g:5ml and spray.

[0049] Example 16 A similar treatment method to Example 13 (denoted as F2S2M1) is used, except that the plants sown are Artemisia argyi, Amaranthus praecox and Amaranthus praecox.

[0050] Example 17 A similar treatment method to Example 14 (denoted as F2S2M2) is used, except that the plants sown are Artemisia argyi, Amaranthus praecox and Amaranthus praecox.

[0051] Example 18 A similar treatment method to Example 15 (denoted as F2S2M3) is used, except that the plants sown are Artemisia argyi, Amaranthus praecox and Amaranthus praecox.

[0052] Example 19 A similar treatment method to Example 13 (denoted as F2S3M1) is used, except that the plants sown are Artemisia argyi, Imperata cylindrica and Quinoa.

[0053] Example 20 A similar treatment method to Example 14 (denoted as F2S3M2) is used, except that the plants sown are Artemisia argyi, Imperata cylindrica, and Quinoa.

[0054] Example 21 A similar treatment method to Example 15 (denoted as F2S3M3) is used, except that the plants sown are Artemisia argyi, Imperata cylindrica, and Quinoa.

[0055] Example 22 A similar treatment method to Example 13 (denoted as F2S4M1) is used, except that the plants sown are Artemisia argyi, Leymus chinensis and Agrimonia pilosa.

[0056] Example 23 A similar treatment method to Example 14 (denoted as F2S4M2) is used, except that the plants sown are Artemisia argyi, Leymus chinensis and Agrimonia pilosa.

[0057] Example 24 A similar treatment method to Example 15 (denoted as F2S4M3) is used, except that the planted plants are Artemisia argyi, Leymus chinensis and Agrimonia pilosa.

[0058] Comparative Example 1 A treatment method similar to that in Example 1 (denoted as S1) is provided, except that steps 1 and 3 are not performed.

[0059] Comparative Example 2 A treatment method similar to that in Example 4 (denoted as S2) is provided, except that steps 1 and 3 are not performed.

[0060] Comparative Example 3 A treatment method similar to that in Example 7 (denoted as S3) is provided, except that steps 1 and 3 are not performed.

[0061] Comparative Example 4 A treatment method similar to that in Example 10 (denoted as S4) is provided, except that steps 1 and 3 are not performed.

[0062] Test case In May 2025, desert steppe restoration was carried out in Gonghe County, Qinghai Province. Examples 1-24 and Comparative Examples 1-4 were used, with five replicate plots for each method. Each plot had an area of ​​3 m × 3 m, totaling 140 plots. Fresh grass yield, dry grass yield, crude protein content, and crude fiber content were measured in August and September 2025. The results are shown in Table 1 and [Table data missing]. Figures 1-9 .

[0063] Table 1. Fresh grass yield, dry grass yield, crude protein content, and crude fiber content under different treatment methods.

[0064] Depend on Figure 1 It can be seen that the S2 model has the highest yield of fresh grass (1382 kg / mu), hay (340 kg / mu), and crude protein (13.8%).

[0065] Depend on Figure 2 It can be seen that the F1S1M1 model has the highest fresh grass yield (1370 kg / mu), dry grass yield (300 kg / mu), and crude protein (10.2%).

[0066] Depend on Figure 3 It can be seen that the F1S2M2 model has the highest fresh grass yield (1520 kg / mu), hay yield (430 kg / mu), and crude protein (14.0%).

[0067] Depend on Figure 4 It can be seen that the fresh grass yield under the F1S3M2 model is only 1300 kg / mu, but the dry grass yield (380 kg / mu) and crude protein (11.7%) are the highest.

[0068] Depend on Figure 5It can be seen that the F1S4M2 model has the highest fresh grass yield (1550 kg / mu), hay yield (420 kg / mu), and crude protein (12.2%).

[0069] Depend on Figure 6 It can be seen that the F2S1M2 model has the highest fresh grass yield (1380 kg / mu), hay yield (360 kg / mu), and crude protein (11.0%).

[0070] Depend on Figure 7 It can be seen that the F2S2M1 model has the highest hay yield (410 kg / mu) and crude protein (14.6%).

[0071] Depend on Figure 8 It can be seen that the F2S3M1 model has the highest fresh grass yield (1550 kg / mu), hay yield (390 kg / mu), and crude protein (11.6%).

[0072] Depend on Figure 9 It can be seen that the F2S4M2 model has the highest fresh grass yield (1680 kg / mu), hay yield (445 kg / mu), and crude protein (12.5%).

[0073] Since there is no obvious pattern of change in the crude fiber content of the above vegetation, the main indicators are forage yield and crude protein.

[0074] The comprehensive experimental results show that the F2S4M2 model achieves the highest yields of both fresh grass and hay. This optimal configuration model not only has important guiding significance for the ecological restoration of desert grasslands, but also has good application prospects in terms of the value of forage production and utilization.

[0075] Although the above embodiments have provided a detailed description of the present invention, they are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. People can obtain other embodiments based on these embodiments without creative effort, and these embodiments all fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for managing desert steppes, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: Sand barriers are set up, including one or more of the following: grass checkerboard sand barriers, bio-based biodegradable sand barriers, nylon mesh sand barriers, or clay sand barriers; Fertilization treatment: Mix the water-retaining agent evenly with organic fertilizer and forage-specific fertilizer, spread the mixture, and then till the soil to a depth of 5-10 cm; the application rate of the organic fertilizer is 4.5 kg / m³. 2 The application rate of the forage-specific fertilizer is 10 g / m³. 2 ; Planting: Mix the grass seeds and sow them at a rate of 1.35 g / m² for each species. 2 The grass species include any three of the following: Artemisia argyi, Haloxylon ammodendron, Lysimachia christinae, Alternanthera philoxeroides, Podocarpus santalinus, Imperata cylindrica, Quinoa, Leymus chinensis, and Agrimonia pilosa. After sowing, cover with soil and lay non-woven fabric.

2. The treatment method according to claim 1, characterized in that, After covering with soil, apply 30 g / m³ of microbial fertilizer. 2 The microorganisms in the microbial fertilizer include: Azotobacter chrysophytes, Rhizobium, Bacillus megaterium, Bacillus subtilis, Trichoderma harzianum, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, and pyrothermic Bacillus.

3. The treatment method according to claim 2, characterized in that, The application method of the microbial fertilizer includes: dissolving the microbial fertilizer in water and then spraying it.

4. The treatment method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The organic fertilizer includes well-rotted sheep manure.

5. The treatment method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The sand barrier measures 1.5 m × 1 m.

6. The treatment method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The bio-based biodegradable sand barriers include one or more of the following: PLA sandbag grids, PLA nets, PLA grids, straw-based sand barriers, and sand barriers prepared with biodegradable sand-fixing agents.

7. The treatment method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The water-retaining agent comprises the following components in weight percentage: 70%–90% polyacrylate, 0.1%–0.5% crosslinking agent, 2%–5% antifreeze agent, 10% bentonite, and 1.7% potassium humate.

8. The treatment method according to claim 7, characterized in that, The polyacrylate comprises sodium polyacrylate and / or potassium polyacrylate; the crosslinking agent comprises N,N'-methylenebisacrylamide; and the antifreeze agent comprises glycerol.

9. The treatment method according to claim 7 or 8, characterized in that, The application rate of the water-retaining agent is 60 g / m³. 2 .

10. The treatment method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The treatment method also includes: comprehensive management: 1) water thoroughly every 10 days starting from the first watering after sowing; 2) when the germination rate is above 60%, partially lift the non-woven fabric; 3) when the seedlings grow to 3-4 true leaves, remove the non-woven fabric.

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