Compound for relieving high temperature and drought combined stress of plants, plant growth regulator and application

Abstract

The present application belongs to the technical field of plant growth regulators, and particularly relates to a compound for relieving high-temperature and drought combined stress of plants, a plant growth regulator and application, wherein the compound is formed by mixing 2-amino-3-methyl hexanoic acid and gibberellic acid at a mass ratio of 0.025-0.25:1. The present application uses 2-amino-3-methyl hexanoic acid and gibberellic acid to treat wheat at the initial filling stage and corn at the silking stage, so that yield reduction can be significantly relieved, the antioxidant enzyme activity can be improved, the high-temperature and drought resistance of wheat and corn can be enhanced, and then the yield reduction can be significantly relieved, and the yield loss caused by high-temperature and drought combined meteorological disasters can be reduced.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of plant growth regulator technology, specifically relating to complexes for alleviating the combined stress of high temperature and drought on plants, plant growth regulators, and their applications. Background Technology

[0002] wheat( Triticum aestivum L. ) and corn ( Zea mays L Winter wheat and summer maize are important food and feed crops. Against the backdrop of global warming, the risk of combined high-temperature and drought stress on winter wheat and summer maize is continuously increasing. During the grain-filling stage of rapid wheat grain development, high-temperature stress can reduce the thousand-grain weight by 6.9% to 52.2%, causing significant losses to wheat production. The tasseling and silking stage is a critical period determining the number of grains per ear and the final yield of summer maize; encountering high temperatures and drought can easily lead to pollination obstruction and a reduction in the number of grains per ear, resulting in substantial yield reductions. In actual production, high temperatures and drought often occur simultaneously. Compared to single stresses, the combined stress of high temperatures and drought exhibits a significant synergistic amplification effect; high-temperature stress exacerbates water stress, and water stress also exacerbates high-temperature damage. The main physiological mechanism is that combined stress accelerates the excessive accumulation of reactive oxygen species and the imbalance of the antioxidant defense system, thereby significantly increasing the risk of yield reduction and increasing the difficulty of disaster prevention and control.

[0003] Therefore, plant growth regulators for the combined stress of high temperature and drought need to be developed. Summary of the Invention

[0004] To address the aforementioned technical problems, this invention provides a complex, a plant growth regulator, and its application for alleviating the combined stress of high temperature and drought on plants, thereby reducing the occurrence of problems such as hindered grain filling and significant yield reduction caused by combined adverse conditions during the grain-filling stage of wheat and the tasseling and silking stage of maize.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, the technical solution of the present invention is as follows.

[0006] The first aspect of this invention provides a complex for alleviating the combined stress of high temperature and drought in plants, said complex being a mixture of 2-amino-3-methylhexanoic acid and gibberellic acid in a mass ratio of 0.025 to 0.25:1, to regulate the antioxidant system of plants;

[0007] This invention combines 2-amino-3-methylhexanoic acid and gibberellic acid in a mass ratio of 0.025:1, which can effectively improve the antioxidant enzyme activity of maize leaves, thereby reducing membrane lipid peroxidation and alleviating the stress of high temperature and drought combined stress.

[0008] In one specific embodiment, the mechanism for alleviating the combined stress of high temperature and drought in plants is to increase the activity of antioxidant enzymes in maize leaves during the tasseling and silking stage.

[0009] In one specific embodiment, the improvement of antioxidant enzyme activity in maize leaves refers to improving the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), and catalase (CAT).

[0010] In one specific embodiment, the plant growth regulator for mitigating the combined stress of high temperature and drought in plants is used to reduce the content of malondialdehyde (MDA) in plant leaves.

[0011] The second aspect of the present invention provides a plant growth regulator with the complex of claim 1 as the active ingredient, and further comprising an active spreading agent, an organic solvent, a preservative and water; By weight, the 2-amino-3-methylhexanoic acid is 0.1 to 0.2 parts, the gibberellic acid is 5 to 7 parts, the active spreading agent is 0.5 to 2 parts, the organic solvent is 50 to 70 parts, the preservative is 0.05 to 0.2 parts, and the water is 30 to 35 parts.

[0012] Preferably, the concentration of the active spreading agent itself is 0.01 g / L to 0.02 g / L.

[0013] Preferably, the active spreading agent is OP-10, CAB-35, or JN-907.

[0014] Preferably, the organic solvent is tetrahydrofuran.

[0015] Preferably, the preservative is Kathon.

[0016] Preferably, the application of the complex or the plant growth regulator for alleviating the combined stress of high temperature and drought in plant cultivation, wherein the plant is wheat or corn.

[0017] Preferably, the specific application method is as follows: dilute the compound or the growth regulator with water 1000 times and spray it on the planted plants in the whole field; the spraying amount is 15L / mu to 30L / mu.

[0018] Preferably, when the plant is wheat, the entire field is sprayed with the spray on the wheat leaves and ears at the early grain-filling stage; when the plant is corn, the entire field is sprayed with the spray on the corn leaves at the tasseling and silking stage.

[0019] Preferably, the spraying time is 8:00-10:00 AM or 4:00-6:00 PM.

[0020] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects: This invention provides a complex for alleviating the combined stress of high temperature and drought on plants, a plant growth regulator, and its application. The complex is composed of 2-amino-3-methylhexanoic acid and gibberellic acid in a mass ratio of 0.025 to 0.25:1.

[0021] The plant growth regulators used in this invention employ 2-amino-3-methylhexanoic acid and gibberellic acid as active ingredients, and their combination exhibits a significant synergistic effect. Experiments have shown that under combined high-temperature and drought stress, the combined treatment significantly increased the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), and catalase (CAT) in maize ear leaves, as well as reduced malondialdehyde (MDA) content compared to individual treatments. Simultaneously, the improvement effects on yield traits (such as number of grains per ear, thousand-grain weight, number of grains per ear, and hundred-grain weight) in wheat and maize were also significantly higher than those of individual treatments. This indicates that 2-amino-3-methylhexanoic acid and gibberellic acid are not simply a combination, but rather work synergistically to regulate the plant's antioxidant system, more effectively reducing membrane lipid peroxidation and enhancing the crop's tolerance to combined high-temperature and drought stress, thereby significantly mitigating yield loss.

[0022] The plant growth regulator used in this invention to alleviate the combined stress of high temperature and drought on plants is simple to prepare, requires very little amount for specific applications, and the main active ingredients are non-toxic and harmless with little residue. Long-term use poses no risk of damaging the ecological environment and is suitable for large-scale promotion and application. Attached Figure Description

[0023] Figure 1 The figure shows the effects of different treatments on the activity of antioxidant enzymes and the content of malondialdehyde (MDA) in the ear leaves of maize during the tasseling and silking stage. In the figure, A represents SOD (superoxide dismutase), B represents POD (peroxidase), C represents CAT (catalase) activity, and D represents the effect of different treatments on the content of MDA (malondialdehyde) in the ear leaves of maize. Detailed Implementation

[0024] The present invention will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments, but this should not be construed as limiting the invention. Unless otherwise specified, the technical means used in the following embodiments are conventional means well known to those skilled in the art, and the materials, reagents, etc. used in the following embodiments are commercially available unless otherwise specified.

[0025] The tested wheat variety was Jimai 22, and the corn variety was Mingtian 296. Gibberellic acid was designated GA3, and 2-amino-3-methylhexanoic acid was designated MIA. Gibberellic acid was provided by Sichuan Guoguang Agrochemical Co., Ltd., and 2-amino-3-methylhexanoic acid was provided by the Chemical Control Center of the College of Agronomy, China Agricultural University. OP-10 and CAB-35 were purchased from Cangzhou Hongyuan Agrochemical Co., Ltd., and JN-907 and Kathon were purchased from Shandong Mingcheng Chemical Co., Ltd.

[0026] Experimental Example 1 Using the wheat variety Jimai 22 as the experimental material, a pot experiment was conducted at the Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences in Jiyang, Shandong Province, from March to June 2025. Two environmental treatments were set up: a normal temperature treatment [daily average 28℃ (daytime 32℃, nighttime 24℃)] + normal water treatment (75% field capacity); and a high temperature treatment [daily average 38℃ (daytime 42℃, nighttime 34℃)] + drought treatment (45% field capacity). Temperature control simulated the natural diurnal temperature variation. The following groups were set up:

[0027] Six treatments were conducted: clean water treatment under normal conditions; clean water treatment under combined stress; treatment with 60 mg / L GA3 under combined stress; treatment with 1.5 mg / L MIA under combined stress; treatment with a combination of 60 mg / L GA3 and 1.5 mg / L MIA under normal conditions; and treatment with a combination of 60 mg / L GA3 and 1.5 mg / L MIA under combined stress. These treatments are denoted as follows: CK0 (Normal environment + clean water treatment); CK 逆 (Combined stress + water treatment); A 逆 (Combined stress + GA3 treatment); B 逆 (Combined stress + MIA treatment); D0 (Normal environment + compound reagent treatment); D 逆 (Combined stress + compound drug treatment), each treatment was repeated five times.

[0028] During the greening-jointing stage, the plants were transplanted into pots and grown in a field environment. Seven days after flowering, half of the plants were treated with pesticides under natural conditions, while the other half were treated with pesticides. These plants were then subjected to combined abiotic stress for 5 days before being transplanted back into the field to grow until maturity. Phenotypic and yield traits were then measured. The results are shown in Table 1.

[0029] Table 1 shows that compared with the treatment CK0 under normal growing conditions, the combined stress of high temperature and drought led to a decrease of 10.36%, 26.36%, and 37.21% in wheat spike grain number, thousand-grain weight, and yield per plant, respectively. This indicates that the combined stress of high temperature and drought significantly inhibited wheat grain formation and filling, adversely affecting wheat yield composition. 逆 In comparison, both GA3 and MIA single-agent treatments showed some mitigation effect on wheat yield loss. GA3 treatment increased grain number per spike, thousand-grain weight, and yield per plant by 18.77%, 18.65%, and 8.54%, respectively; while MIA treatment increased these by 16.41%, 16.41%, and 5.12%, respectively. However, the combined treatment of GA3 and MIA showed a more significant yield-preserving effect, with grain number per spike, thousand-grain weight, and yield per plant exceeding those of the control (CK).逆 The yields increased by 23.17%, 28.44%, and 36.95%, respectively. Furthermore, the combined treatment showed greater increases in grain number per spike, thousand-grain weight, and yield per plant than the single-agent treatments of GA3 and MIA, indicating that the GA3 / MIA combination was generally superior to the two single-agent treatments in mitigating the adverse effects of combined high-temperature and drought stress on wheat yield formation. This demonstrates that the combination of GA3 and MIA exhibits a good synergistic effect, more effectively mitigating yield losses caused by combined high-temperature and drought stress, promoting grain development and yield formation, thereby increasing the final wheat yield.

[0030] Table 1 Effects of different treatments on wheat yield traits Note: Different letters indicate significant differences.

[0031] Experimental Example 2 Using the maize variety Mingtian 296 as the experimental material, a pot experiment was conducted at the Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences in Jiyang, Shandong Province, from June to October 2025. Two environmental treatments were set up: a normal temperature treatment [daily average 28℃ (daytime 32℃, nighttime 24℃)] + normal water treatment (85% field capacity); and a high temperature treatment [daily average 38℃ (daytime 42℃, nighttime 34℃)] + drought treatment (55% field capacity). Temperature control simulated the natural diurnal temperature variation. No more than four treatment groups were set up.

[0032] Six treatments were conducted: clean water treatment under normal conditions; clean water treatment under combined stress; treatment with 60 mg / L GA3 under combined stress; treatment with 1.5 mg / L MIA under combined stress; treatment with a combination of 60 mg / L GA3 and 1.5 mg / L MIA under normal conditions; and treatment with a combination of 60 mg / L GA3 and 1.5 mg / L MIA under combined stress. These treatments are denoted as follows: CK0 (Normal environment + clean water treatment); CK 逆 (Combined stress + water treatment); A 逆 (Combined stress + GA3 treatment); B 逆 (Combined stress + MIA treatment); D0 (Normal environment + chemical treatment); D 逆 (Combined stress + compound drug treatment), each treatment was repeated five times.

[0033] Transplanted at the 4-leaf stage, allowed to grow naturally in the field. During the tasseling and silking stage, half of the material was treated with pesticides and subjected to combined abiotic stress in a greenhouse for 5 days. The material was then transplanted back to the field to grow until maturity, while the other half was treated with pesticides under natural conditions. Seven days after the pesticide treatment, leaves from the panicle were taken to measure the activities of CAT (catalase), POD (peroxidase), SOD (superoxide dismutase), and malondialdehyde (MDA) content.

[0034] The results are as follows Figure 1 As shown, the results indicated that compared with the treatment CK0 under normal growth conditions, the activities of SOD, POD, and CAT in the ear leaves of maize decreased by 18.59%, 55.19%, and 43.80%, respectively, while the MDA content increased by 61.38%, indicating that the combined stress led to membrane lipid peroxidation and aggravated cellular oxidative damage. (Compared to the stress control treatment CK0) 逆 In comparison, both GA3 and MIA single-agent treatments could alleviate oxidative damage to some extent. GA3 treatment increased SOD, POD, and CAT activities by 6.74%, 35.52%, and 8.83%, respectively, while decreasing MDA content by 8.71%. MIA treatment increased these activities by 13.15%, 58.68%, and 22.27%, respectively, while decreasing MDA content by 7.08%. The combined treatment of both... 逆 The improvement effect is more obvious compared to CK. 逆 The activities of SOD, POD, and CAT increased by 18.44%, 100.00%, and 29.94%, respectively, while MDA content decreased by 13.23%. Furthermore, the compound treatment showed greater increases in SOD, POD, and CAT activities than the two single-agent treatments, and also exhibited the largest decrease in MDA. This indicates that the compound treatment is superior to the two single-agent treatments in enhancing the activity of antioxidant enzymes in maize and inhibiting membrane lipid peroxidation, demonstrating a better effect in alleviating the damage caused by the combined stress of high temperature and drought. This suggests that the combination of GA3 and MIA has a stronger synergistic effect, more effectively maintaining the balance of reactive oxygen species metabolism in plants and reducing oxidative damage caused by stress.

[0035] Experimental Example 3: The field experiment, using Tomorrow 296 as the experimental material, was conducted in pots at the Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences in Jiyang, Shandong Province, from June to October 2025. Two environmental treatments were set up: a normal temperature treatment [daily average 28℃ (daytime 32℃, nighttime 24℃)] + normal water treatment (85% field capacity); and a high temperature treatment [daily average 38℃ (daytime 42℃, nighttime 34℃)] + drought treatment (55% field capacity). Temperature control simulated the natural diurnal temperature variation. The following treatments were set:

[0036] Six treatments were conducted: clean water treatment under normal conditions; clean water treatment under combined stress; treatment with 60 mg / L GA3 under combined stress; treatment with 1.5 mg / L MIA under combined stress; treatment with a combination of 60 mg / L GA3 and 1.5 mg / L MIA under normal conditions; and treatment with a combination of 60 mg / L GA3 and 1.5 mg / L MIA under combined stress. These treatments are denoted as follows: CK0 (Normal environment + clean water treatment); CK 逆 (Combined stress + water treatment); A 逆 (Combined stress + GA3 treatment) B 逆 (Combined stress + MIA treatment) D0 (Normal environment + compound reagent treatment); D 逆 (Combined stress + compound drug treatment), each treatment was repeated five times.

[0037] Transplanted at the 5-leaf stage, the plants were allowed to grow naturally in the field. At the tasseling and silking stage, half of the plants were treated with pesticides and subjected to combined abiotic stress in a greenhouse for 5 days. They were then transplanted back to the field to grow until maturity, while the other half were treated with pesticides under natural conditions. At maturity, the yield characteristics of each treatment were measured, including spike length, spike diameter, tip barrenness rate, number of rows of spikes, number of grains per row, number of grains per spike, and 100-grain weight. The results are shown in Table 2.

[0038] Table 2 Effects of different treatments on maize yield traits Note: Different letters indicate significant differences.

[0039] As shown in Table 2, compared with CK0, CK 逆 The spike length, spike diameter, number of rows per spike, number of kernels per row, number of kernels per spike, and 100-kernel weight all decreased significantly, with the number of kernels per spike and number of kernels per row showing the largest decreases, at 64.28% and 52.55%, respectively. Meanwhile, the tip barrenness rate increased substantially, indicating that adverse conditions mainly led to yield reduction by inhibiting seed setting and grain formation. (Compared to the control group (CK)) 逆 In comparison, compound agent treatment D 逆 It significantly improved most yield traits, increasing the number of grains per ear by 67.04%, the number of grains per row by 45.76%, the 100-grain weight by 25.15%, and significantly reducing the tip barrenness rate by 68.32%. Furthermore, the compound treatment showed higher results than the single-agent treatment A in terms of ear length, ear diameter, number of grains per ear, and 100-grain weight. 逆 and B 逆 This indicates that the combination of MIA and GA3 has a good synergistic effect, effectively alleviating the stress of compound adversity and achieving the effect of reducing losses and protecting production.

[0040] It should be noted that using the same experiment with a mass ratio of 2-amino-3-methylhexanoic acid to gibberellic acid within the range of 0.025 to 0.25:1 can effectively alleviate the stress of combined adverse conditions and achieve the effect of reducing losses and protecting production.

[0041] Example 4: A plant growth regulator to alleviate the combined stress of high temperature and drought in plants. The specific formulation of the plant growth regulator for alleviating the combined stress of high temperature and drought in plants is shown in Table 3.

[0042] Table 3 Plant growth regulator formulations Mix the components according to the weight ratios in Table 3 to prepare 100g of plant growth regulator for alleviating combined stress of high temperature and drought. Dilute this 100g plant growth regulator 1000 times with water and spray it onto the wheat leaves and ears in the wheat field at 15L / acre at 8:00 AM to alleviate the combined stress of high temperature and drought. The mass concentration of OP-10 itself is 0.01g / L, and the mass concentration of Kathon itself is 1%.

[0043] Example 5: A plant growth regulator to alleviate the combined stress of high temperature and drought in plants. The specific formulation of the plant growth regulator for alleviating the combined stress of high temperature and drought in plants is shown in Table 4.

[0044] Table 4. Liquid Formulation Proportions Mix the components according to the weight ratios in Table 4 to prepare 100g of plant growth regulator for alleviating combined stress of high temperature and drought. Dilute this 100g plant growth regulator 1000 times with water and spray it onto the wheat leaves and ears at 20L / mu in the wheat field at 10:00 AM to alleviate the combined stress of high temperature and drought. The mass concentration of CAB-35 itself is 0.01g / L, and the mass concentration of Kathon itself is 1%.

[0045] Example 6: A plant growth regulator to alleviate the combined stress of high temperature and drought in plants. The specific formulations of the plant growth regulators for alleviating the combined stress of high temperature and drought in plants are shown in Table 5.

[0046] Table 5. Liquid Formulation Proportions Mix the components according to the weight ratios in Table 5 to prepare 100g of plant growth regulator for alleviating combined stress of high temperature and drought. Dilute this 100g plant growth regulator 1000 times with water and spray it onto the leaves of corn in the corn field at 17:00 in the morning at a rate of 20L / acre to alleviate the combined stress of high temperature and drought. The mass concentration of JN-907 itself is 0.02g / L, and the mass concentration of Kathon itself is 1%.

Claims

1. A complex for alleviating combined stress of high temperature and drought in plants, characterized in that, The complex is composed of 2-amino-3-methylhexanoic acid and gibberellic acid in a mass ratio of 0.025 to 0.25:

1.

2. A plant growth regulator for alleviating combined stress of high temperature and drought in plants, characterized in that, The plant growth regulator described herein uses the complex described in claim 1 as its active ingredient and further includes an active spreading agent, an organic solvent, a preservative, and water. By weight, the 2-amino-3-methylhexanoic acid is 0.1 to 0.2 parts, the gibberellic acid is 5 to 7 parts, the active spreading agent is 0.5 to 2 parts, the organic solvent is 50 to 70 parts, the preservative is 0.05 to 0.2 parts, and the water is 30 to 35 parts.

3. The plant growth regulator for alleviating combined stress of high temperature and drought in plants according to claim 2, characterized in that, The active spreading agent is OP-10, CAB-35, or JN-907.

4. The plant growth regulator for alleviating combined stress of high temperature and drought in plants according to claim 2, characterized in that, The organic solvent is tetrahydrofuran.

5. The plant growth regulator for alleviating combined stress of high temperature and drought in plants according to claim 2, characterized in that, The preservative is Kathon.

6. The application of the compound according to claim 1 or the plant growth regulator for alleviating combined stress of high temperature and drought according to claim 2 in plant cultivation, characterized in that, The plant in question is either wheat or corn.

7. The application according to claim 6, characterized in that, The specific application method is as follows: dilute the compound or the plant growth regulator with water 1000 times and spray it on the entire field of planted plants; the spraying amount is 15L / mu to 30L / mu.

8. The application according to claim 7, characterized in that, When the plant is wheat, spray the entire field with the spray on the wheat leaves and ears during the early grain-filling stage; when the plant is corn, spray the entire field with the spray on the corn leaves during the tasseling and silking stage.

9. The application according to claim 7, characterized in that, Spraying time is 8:00-10:00 AM or 4:00-6:00 PM.

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