Dental implant for repairing alveolar bone defects
Patent Information
- Application Number
- CN202610948379.1
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Applications(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2026-06-29
- Publication Date
- 2026-08-18
AI Technical Summary
钛网主要存在的问题是，术中需要修整钛网，经常会出现术后钛网暴露的问题；钛网作为不可吸收性屏障膜因为不能降解及不能被吸收，需要二次手术将其取出，创面很大，增加了术后并发症的发生率，增加了患者的痛苦及经济负担
[0018](1) The present invention provides a dental implant for repairing alveolar bone defects. The two wings of the dental implant straddle the surface of the alveolar bone. The wings are an integrated composite structure formed by a reinforcing layer and a porous layer. The porous layer of the wings fits the surface of the missing alveolar bone and acts as a bone filler. The shape and size of the porous layer can be designed according to the shape and size of the missing alveolar bone. The lateral reinforcement layer has a thickness of 0.3-0.6 mm, a porosity of 30-50%, and a pore size of <10 μm. Compared to the high-porosity porous layer of the lateral wings, the reinforcement layer has low porosity and low pore size. The lateral wings play two roles. First, the lateral reinforcement layer provides protection for bone tissue ingrowth into the porous layer of the bone loss area. Because gingival connective tissue cells and epithelial cells grow rapidly, without the separation of the lateral reinforcement layer, these cells can easily grow into the porous layer of the bone defect area, affecting bone repair and regeneration. The lateral reinforcement layer effectively prevents the surrounding soft connective tissue from prematurely ingrowing into the porous layer of the lateral wings, thereby promoting the ingrowth of alveolar bone tissue into the porous layer to achieve osseointegration. Second, the lateral reinforcement layer is not a smooth and dense structure, but has the characteristics of low porosity and low pore size, forming a certain roughness on the surface, which can guide the attachment and ingrowth of gingival tissue on the surface of the reinforcement layer, achieving mechanical anchoring of gingival tissue and dental implant.
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Figure CN122581925A_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] This invention belongs to the field of medical device technology, specifically relating to a dental implant for repairing alveolar bone defects. Background Technology
[0002] In clinical practice, insufficient alveolar bone volume is a common issue encountered during dental implant surgery. This insufficiency can be caused by various factors, such as periodontal disease, trauma, alveolar bone cysts leading to alveolar bone defects, progressive alveolar bone resorption due to unhealthy habits, or age-related osteoporosis. Insufficient alveolar bone volume significantly impacts implant stability, increases the difficulty of the implantation procedure, and raises the risk of postoperative complications. When alveolar bone defects or resorption do not meet implantation requirements, dentists will perform bone augmentation surgery on the area with insufficient bone volume. Research indicates that approximately 40%–60% of implant patients have insufficient alveolar bone volume and require varying degrees of bone augmentation surgery. The primary clinical method for bone augmentation is the use of bone powder and / or bone grafts covered with a barrier membrane, also known as guided bone regeneration (GBR). Guided bone regeneration involves making a small incision on the gingiva on the outer side of the alveolar bone using a tool to fully expose the alveolar bone. Then, artificial bone powder and other active substances are transplanted to the bone defect area. Finally, an artificial membrane is used to protect the defect site, allowing the transplanted material to better form bone and ultimately repair the alveolar bone. Currently, guided bone regeneration is widely used in the clinical repair of bone defects in dental implant sites, as well as in the repair of alveolar bone defects caused by periodontal disease and periapical disease.
[0003] The barrier membranes used in guided bone regeneration technology are mainly divided into two categories: absorbable membranes and non-absorbable membranes. (1) Absorbable barrier membranes include collagen membranes, polylactic acid membranes, magnesium alloy membranes, etc. These membranes can decompose in the body to form new bone and do not need to be removed by a second surgery. However, the cost is high, and the absorption period is not exactly the same as the normal tissue healing process, and the degree of absorption is difficult to predict, which affects its barrier function. In addition, due to the low mechanical strength of the biomembrane layer, it cannot maintain a stable three-dimensional space for large bone defects. Therefore, the effect of bone augmentation by simply applying GBR technology is not ideal. (2) Non-absorbable membranes mainly include titanium mesh, etc. The method of titanium mesh plus bone powder is often used to repair large alveolar bone defects. The main problem with titanium mesh is that it needs to be trimmed during the operation, and the titanium mesh is often exposed after the operation. As a non-absorbable barrier membrane, titanium mesh cannot be degraded or absorbed, so it needs to be removed by a second operation. The wound is large, which increases the incidence of postoperative complications and increases the patient's pain and economic burden. In addition, since a large amount of bone powder needs to be implanted, the time required for bone formation is also relatively long, which prolongs the treatment cycle.
[0004] In addition, most dental implants on the market are made of titanium and titanium alloys to form solid structures. However, titanium and its alloys have the following disadvantages: the elastic modulus of titanium (110 GPa) is much higher than that of natural compact bone (17-20 GPa) and cancellous bone (about 4 GPa). The excessively high elastic modulus of titanium can cause a "stress shielding" effect, resulting in insufficient stress on the bone tissue around the implant, which can lead to bone resorption. Based on the above problems, domestic and foreign scholars have adopted porous structures to replace traditional solid titanium implants in the structural design of dental implants to improve the stress shielding effect. However, most of their designs for porous implants only consider ordinary monopore structures. The shortcomings of monopore structures are: due to the uniform pore structure and pore size, their function is often also limited, and they cannot simultaneously meet multiple biological functional requirements; monopore structures can reduce the overall elastic modulus of the material, but the fibers constituting the porous material are still dense, and there is micro-stress shielding in the contact area between the dense fibers and bone tissue; the dense and smooth fibers of monopore structures reduce the roughness and specific surface area of the porous material, making it difficult for bone cells to attach, which is not conducive to bone cell adhesion, proliferation, differentiation, and tissue formation. These reasons result in the limited bone regeneration effect of existing dental implants.
[0005] For patients with insufficient alveolar bone, the current practice of performing bone augmentation surgery using bone powder and / or bone blocks covered with a barrier membrane to reconstruct the alveolar bone structure before implant placement significantly prolongs the treatment period and increases the complexity of the procedure. Furthermore, traditional dental implants suffer from drawbacks such as high elastic modulus, poor mass transfer function, and limited bone ingrowth, resulting in poor fusion between the implant and alveolar bone. This leads to problems like easy loosening and unsatisfactory bone regeneration. Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop a dental implant that eliminates the need for prior bone augmentation surgery, possesses built-in bone-replenishing capabilities, and facilitates rapid osseointegration between the alveolar bone and the implant to achieve long-term biofixation. Summary of the Invention
[0006] The purpose of this invention is to provide a dental implant for repairing alveolar bone defects.
[0007] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution:
[0008] A dental implant for repairing alveolar bone defects includes an abutment, an implant body, and wing segments, all integrally connected. The upper part of the abutment is connected to the crown, and the lower part of the abutment is connected to the upper part of the implant body. A wing segment is provided at the connection between the lower part of the abutment and the upper part of the implant body. The implant body is used for implantation into the human alveolar bone. The wing segment is an integrated composite structure formed by a reinforcing layer and a porous layer. The reinforcing layer is located outside the porous layer, and the porous layer of the wing segment is in contact with the outer surface of the human alveolar bone. The porous layer of the implant body and the wing segment has a multi-scale porous structure. The multi-scale porous structure has a three-dimensional network formed by randomly connected hollow channels. Micropores are dispersed on the walls of the hollow channels. The hollow channels are connected to the mesh of the three-dimensional network through the micropores. After implantation, the dental implant forms a multi-scale porous-bone interface with the bone tissue of the human alveolar bone.
[0009] Preferably, there are two side wings, which first extend radially along the implant and then bend downwards to extend axially along the implant, with the two side wings located on opposite sides of the implant.
[0010] Preferably, the mesh size in the three-dimensional network is 100-1000 μm; the pore size in the hollow pipe is 25-50 μm; and the pore size in the micropore is <10 μm.
[0011] Preferably, the porosity of the multi-scale pore structure is 55-95%.
[0012] Preferably, the implant is conical in shape, with the cross-section of the upper part of the implant being larger than the cross-section of the lower part of the implant, and the cross-section of the implant gradually decreasing from top to bottom.
[0013] Preferably, the bottom surface of the lower part of the implant has a rounded corner structure.
[0014] Preferably, the thickness of the reinforcing layer of the side wing is 0.3-0.6 mm.
[0015] Preferably, the porosity of the reinforcing layer of the side wing is 30-50% and the pore size is <10μm.
[0016] Preferably, the dental implant is made of titanium and titanium alloys, niobium and niobium alloys, tantalum and tantalum alloys, stainless steel, or cobalt-based alloys.
[0017] The beneficial effects of this invention are as follows:
[0018] (1) The present invention provides a dental implant for repairing alveolar bone defects. The two wings of the dental implant straddle the surface of the alveolar bone. The wings are an integrated composite structure formed by a reinforcing layer and a porous layer. The porous layer of the wings fits the surface of the missing alveolar bone and acts as a bone filler. The shape and size of the porous layer can be designed according to the shape and size of the missing alveolar bone. The lateral reinforcement layer has a thickness of 0.3-0.6 mm, a porosity of 30-50%, and a pore size of <10 μm. Compared to the high-porosity porous layer of the lateral wings, the reinforcement layer has low porosity and low pore size. The lateral wings play two roles. First, the lateral reinforcement layer provides protection for bone tissue ingrowth into the porous layer of the bone loss area. Because gingival connective tissue cells and epithelial cells grow rapidly, without the separation of the lateral reinforcement layer, these cells can easily grow into the porous layer of the bone defect area, affecting bone repair and regeneration. The lateral reinforcement layer effectively prevents the surrounding soft connective tissue from prematurely ingrowing into the porous layer of the lateral wings, thereby promoting the ingrowth of alveolar bone tissue into the porous layer to achieve osseointegration. Second, the lateral reinforcement layer is not a smooth and dense structure, but has the characteristics of low porosity and low pore size, forming a certain roughness on the surface, which can guide the attachment and ingrowth of gingival tissue on the surface of the reinforcement layer, achieving mechanical anchoring of gingival tissue and dental implant.
[0019] (2) The present invention provides a dental implant for repairing alveolar bone defects. The two wings of the dental implant straddle the surface of the alveolar bone. The two wings effectively disperse the force and provide good clamping effect on the alveolar bone, preventing the dental implant from sinking, rotating and loosening in the alveolar bone, thereby promoting the dental implant to have good initial stability.
[0020] (3) The present invention provides a dental implant for repairing alveolar bone defects. During the implantation process, there is no need to perform bone augmentation surgery in advance. The dental implant relies on the unique two wings of the implant to straddle the surface of the alveolar bone to achieve the function of repairing alveolar bone and initial stability, realizing the integrated function of bone filling and support. Moreover, the dental implant relies on the multi-scale porous structure microstructure to promote bone tissue ingrowth into the porous structure, so that the artificial dental implant can be integrated with the alveolar bone to achieve long-term biological fixation.
[0021] (4) The present invention provides a dental implant for repairing alveolar bone defects. The integrated multi-layered porous structure of the dental implant can effectively disperse stress and avoid stress concentration to better cope with the complex stress environment during in vivo service. On the other hand, it can efficiently transfer substances and ensure the full and timely exchange of nutrients and metabolic substances throughout the entire volume of the implant.
[0022] (5) This invention provides a dental implant for repairing alveolar bone defects. The implant body and the porous layer of the lateral wings of the dental implant have a multi-scale porous structure. This multi-scale porous structure has a three-dimensional network formed by irregularly connected hollow channels, and micropores are dispersed on the walls of the hollow channels. Through these micropores, the hollow channels are connected to the mesh in the three-dimensional network. The mesh pores in the three-dimensional network have a diameter of 100-1000 μm, the pore diameter of the hollow channels is 25-50 μm, and the pore diameter of the micropores is <10 μm. When the implant is implanted into the alveolar bone, it can form a multi-scale porous-bone interface with the bone tissue. This specific interface helps to promote the early osseointegration of the dental implant with the surrounding bone tissue, ensure the long-term stability of the implant-bone interface, and realize the regeneration and repair of alveolar bone defects. Specifically, this is reflected in the following three aspects: (1) In terms of mechanics, the implant has a three-dimensional network formed by irregularly connected hollow channels, forming a structure similar to bone trabeculae; microscopically, the porous structure of the implant has hollowed-out channels and micropores dispersed on the channel walls, so that the elastic modulus of both the macroscopic and microscopic structures of the implant is approximately matched with the bone tissue, which can effectively reduce the stress shielding effect. (2) In terms of mass transfer, the implant uses micropores to connect the hollow channels with the mesh in the three-dimensional network, ensuring that the implant has a certain degree of wettability, which can effectively improve the transfer of nutrients and oxygen, facilitate the deposition of extracellular matrix and the excretion of metabolic products, and induce bone growth into the implant. (3) Regarding colonization, the implant has multiple pore sizes. Among them, the mesh with a pore size of 100-1000μm is conducive to cell colonization, implantation, and homing, providing a place for the formation of cell colonies. The hollow tube with a pore size of 25-50μm is conducive to the polarization of primitive macrophages towards the M2 type, upregulating the expression of anti-inflammatory genes, inhibiting the host's immune response to the graft, and facilitating the colonization of mesenchymal stem cells. The micropores with a pore size of <10μm provide more places for regulating the osteogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells and provide more chemical stimuli. Attached Figure Description
[0023] Figure 1 This invention provides a SEM image of the porous tantalum layer of the implant body and its flanks for a dental implant used to repair alveolar bone defects. Figure 1 Figure B is Figure 1 SEM image at the circled area in Figure A;
[0024] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of a dental implant for repairing alveolar bone defects according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention, wherein a is a front view and b is a side view.
[0025] Figure 3 This is a cross-sectional schematic diagram of a dental implant for repairing alveolar bone defects according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention;
[0026] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of two dental implants arranged in a row for repairing alveolar bone defects according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention, wherein a is a front view, b is a side view, and c is a cross-sectional view.
[0027] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of three dental implants arranged in a row for repairing alveolar bone defects according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention, wherein a is a front view, b is a side view, and c is a sectional view.
[0028] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of a dental implant for repairing alveolar bone defects according to Embodiment 2 of the present invention, wherein a is a front view and b is a side view.
[0029] Figure 7 This is a cross-sectional schematic diagram of a dental implant for repairing alveolar bone defects according to Embodiment 2 of the present invention;
[0030] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of two dental implants arranged in a row for repairing alveolar bone defects in Embodiment 2 of the present invention, wherein a is a front view, b is a side view, and c is a cross-sectional view.
[0031] Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of three dental implants arranged in a row for repairing alveolar bone defects in Embodiment 2 of the present invention, wherein a is a front view, b is a side view, and c is a cross-sectional view.
[0032] In the figure, 1 is the abutment; 2 is the implant; 3 is the wing; 3-1 is the reinforcement layer; 3-2 is the porous layer; and 4 is the abutment with a platform transfer structure. Detailed Implementation
[0033] The preferred embodiments of the present invention will now be described in detail.
[0034] This invention discloses a dental implant for repairing alveolar bone defects. The implant body and the porous layer of the lateral wings are made of porous tantalum with a multi-scale porous structure. The porous tantalum was characterized using scanning electron microscopy, and the results are as follows: Figure 1 As shown, where Figure 1 Figure B is Figure 1 The SEM image at the circled area in Figure A is from... Figure 1 As shown in section A, this porous tantalum possesses a three-dimensional network formed by randomly interconnected hollow channels. The pore size of the hollow channels is 25-50 μm, and the pore size of the mesh in the three-dimensional network is 100-1000 μm. Further characterization of the hollow channels in this structure using scanning electron microscopy yielded the following results: Figure 1 As shown in B, by Figure 1As shown in section B, the hollow pipe wall is dotted with micropores, the pore size of which is <10μm. The hollow pipe is connected to the mesh in the three-dimensional network through the micropores.
[0035] Example 1
[0036] A dental implant for repairing alveolar bone defects, referring to Figure 2-3 , Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the dental implant, where a is a front view and b is a side view. Figure 3 This is a cross-sectional schematic diagram of the dental implant;
[0037] 1. Abutment; 2. Implant; 3. Side wings; 3-1. Reinforcing layer; 3-2. Porous layer; 4. Abutment with platform transfer structure.
[0038] The dental implant comprises an abutment 1, an implant body 2, and lateral wings 3, all three being integrally connected. The upper part of the abutment 1 connects to the crown, and the lower part of the abutment 1 connects to the upper part of the implant body 2. Lateral wings 3 are located at the connection point between the lower part of the abutment 1 and the upper part of the implant body 2. The implant body 2 is inserted into the alveolar bone. The implant body 2 is conical in shape, with the cross-section of the upper part larger than that of the lower part. The cross-section of the implant body 2 gradually decreases from top to bottom, and the bottom surface of the lower part of the implant body 2 has a rounded corner structure. There are two lateral wings 3. The lateral wings 3 first extend radially along the implant body 2 and then curve downwards to extend axially along the implant body. The two lateral wings 3 are located on opposite sides of the implant body 2. The thickness of the reinforcing layer 3-1 is 0.3 mm; the side wings are an integrated composite structure formed by the reinforcing layer 3-1 and the porous layer 3-2, with the reinforcing layer 3-1 located outside the porous layer 3-2, and the porous layer 3-2 of the side wings 3 adhering to the outer surface of the human alveolar bone; the reinforcing layer 3-1 of the abutment 1 and the side wings 3 is made of low-porosity tantalum, with a porosity of 30-50% and a pore size <10 μm; the porous layer 3-2 of the implant 2 and the side wings 3 is made of porous tantalum with a porosity of 55%, a mesh pore size of 100-1000 μm in the three-dimensional network, a pore size of 25-50 μm in the hollow channel, and a micropore size <10 μm. After the dental implant is inserted, the porous layer 3-2 of the lateral wing 3 acts as a bone graft, and the implant 2 acts as an artificial tooth root. Bone tissue grows into the porous structure of the dental implant, and the dental implant and the human alveolar bone form a multi-scale porous-bone interface, which ensures the long-term stability of the implant-bone interface and realizes the regeneration and repair of alveolar bone defects.
[0039] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of two dental implants arranged in a row for repairing alveolar bone defects according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention, wherein a is a front view, b is a side view, and c is a cross-sectional view.
[0040] Figure 5This is a schematic diagram of three dental implants arranged in a row for repairing alveolar bone defects according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention, where a is a front view, b is a side view, and c is a sectional view. In the clinical application of a row of teeth, the number of implants 2 and the shape and size of the lateral wings 3 can be customized according to the shape and size of the missing alveolar bone portion.
[0041] Example 2
[0042] A dental implant for repairing alveolar bone defects, another embodiment of the present invention, refers to... Figure 6-7 , Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the dental implant, where a is a front view and b is a side view. Figure 7 This is a cross-sectional schematic diagram of the dental implant;
[0043] The dental implant comprises an abutment 4 with a platform transfer structure, an implant body 2, and lateral wings 3, all integrated into one piece. The upper part of the abutment 4 with the platform transfer structure is connected to the crown, and the lower part of the abutment 4 with the platform transfer structure is connected to the upper part of the implant body 2. A lateral wing 3 is located at the connection point between the lower part of the abutment 4 with the upper part of the implant body 2. The implant body 2 is implanted into the alveolar bone. The implant body 2 is conical in shape, with a larger cross-section at the upper part than at the lower part. The cross-section of the implant body 2 gradually decreases from top to bottom, and the bottom surface of the lower part of the implant body 2 has a rounded corner structure. There are two lateral wings 3. The lateral wings 3 first extend radially along the implant body 2 and then bend downwards to extend axially along the implant body. The two lateral wings 3 are located at... On opposite sides of the implant 2, the thickness of the reinforcing layer 3-1 of the wing 3 is 0.6 mm; the wing is an integrated composite structure formed by the reinforcing layer 3-1 and the porous layer 3-2, with the reinforcing layer 3-1 located outside the porous layer 3-2, and the porous layer 3-2 of the wing 3 adhering to the outer surface of the human alveolar bone; the abutment 4 with the platform transfer structure and the reinforcing layer 3-1 of the wing 3 are made of low-porosity tantalum, with a porosity of 30-50% and a pore size <10 μm; the porous layer 3-2 of the implant 2 and the wing 3 is made of porous tantalum with a porosity of 95%, a mesh pore size of 100-1000 μm in the three-dimensional network, a hollow channel pore size of 25-50 μm, and a micropore pore size <10 μm. After the dental implant is inserted, the porous layer 3-2 of the lateral wing 3 acts as a bone graft, and the implant 2 acts as an artificial tooth root. Bone tissue grows into the porous structure of the dental implant, and the dental implant and the human alveolar bone form a multi-scale porous-bone interface, which ensures the long-term stability of the implant-bone interface and realizes the regeneration and repair of alveolar bone defects.
[0044] Figure 8This is a schematic diagram of two dental implants arranged in a row for repairing alveolar bone defects in Embodiment 2 of the present invention, wherein a is a front view, b is a side view, and c is a cross-sectional view.
[0045] Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of three dental implants arranged in a row for repairing alveolar bone defects according to Embodiment 2 of the present invention, where a is a front view, b is a side view, and c is a sectional view. In the clinical application of a row of teeth, the number of implants 2 and the shape and size of the lateral wings 3 can be customized according to the shape and size of the missing alveolar bone portion.
[0046] Finally, it should be noted that the above preferred embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention and are not intended to limit it. Although the present invention has been described in detail through the above preferred embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that various changes can be made to it in form and detail without departing from the scope defined by the claims of the present invention.
Claims
1. A dental implant for repairing alveolar bone defects, characterized in that, The dental implant comprises an abutment, an implant body, and wing segments, all three being integrally connected. The upper part of the abutment is connected to the crown, and the lower part of the abutment is connected to the upper part of the implant body. A wing segment is provided at the connection between the lower part of the abutment and the upper part of the implant body. The implant body is used for implantation into the human alveolar bone. The wing segment is an integrated composite structure formed by a reinforcing layer and a porous layer. The reinforcing layer is located outside the porous layer, and the porous layer of the wing segment is in contact with the outer surface of the human alveolar bone. The porous layer of the implant body and the wing segment has a multi-scale porous structure. The multi-scale porous structure has a three-dimensional network formed by randomly connected hollow channels. Micropores are dispersed on the walls of the hollow channels. The hollow channels are connected to the mesh of the three-dimensional network through the micropores. After implantation, the dental implant forms a multi-scale porous-bone interface with the bone tissue of the human alveolar bone.
2. The dental implant for repairing alveolar bone defects according to claim 1, characterized in that, There are two side wings. The side wings first extend radially along the implant and then bend downwards to extend axially along the implant. The two side wings are located on opposite sides of the implant.
3. The dental implant for repairing alveolar bone defects according to claim 1, characterized in that, The mesh size in the three-dimensional network is 100-1000μm; the pore size in the hollow pipe is 25-50μm; and the pore size in the micropore is <10μm.
4. A dental implant for repairing alveolar bone defects according to claim 3, characterized in that, The porosity of the multi-scale porous structure is 55-95%.
5. A dental implant for repairing alveolar bone defects according to claim 1, characterized in that, The implant is conical in shape, with the cross-section of the upper part of the implant being larger than the cross-section of the lower part of the implant, and the cross-section of the implant gradually decreasing from top to bottom.
6. A dental implant for repairing alveolar bone defects according to claim 1, characterized in that, The bottom surface of the implant has a rounded corner structure.
7. A dental implant for repairing alveolar bone defects according to claim 1, characterized in that, The thickness of the reinforcing layer of the side wing is 0.3-0.6 mm.
8. A dental implant for repairing alveolar bone defects according to claim 7, characterized in that, The porosity of the reinforcing layer on the side wing is 30-50%, and the pore size is <10μm.
9. A dental implant for repairing alveolar bone defects according to claim 1, characterized in that, The dental implant is made of titanium and titanium alloys, niobium and niobium alloys, tantalum and tantalum alloys, stainless steel or cobalt-based alloys.