Double-layer coated photovoltaic glass with fireproof function and preparation method thereof

Abstract

The application discloses double-layer coated photovoltaic glass with fireproof function and a preparation method thereof. The photovoltaic glass comprises a glass substrate, a fireproof layer and an anti-reflection layer which are sequentially coated on the surface of the glass substrate. The fireproof layer is formed by coating and curing a fireproof liquid. The fireproof liquid comprises the following components in mass fraction: 45-55% of nano silicon sol, 5-10% of nano alumina sol, 10-20% of nano zirconia sol, 1-5% of inorganic binder, 0.1-0.5% of defoaming agent, 0.1-0.5% of leveling agent and the balance of deionized water. The double-layer coated photovoltaic glass adopts a functional layered design of a bottom fireproof layer and a surface anti-reflection layer. The bottom layer is mainly responsible for fireproofing, and the surface layer is mainly responsible for increasing the transmittance. The double-layer coated photovoltaic glass realizes the double performance of high transmittance and high fireproofing, overcomes the pain point that ordinary coated glass or fireproof glass does not have the double performance of high transmittance and high fireproofing, and can meet the requirements of high transmittance of photovoltaic modules and fireproof safety of building photovoltaic integration.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of photovoltaic glass technology, specifically to a double-layer coated photovoltaic glass with fire-retardant function and its preparation method. Background Technology

[0002] Existing photovoltaic glass mostly uses a single-layer anti-reflective coating design, which only improves light transmittance but does not have fire-retardant functions. On the other hand, existing fire-resistant glass has problems such as low light transmittance and easy coating peeling, and cannot be adapted to the application of photovoltaic modules. In addition, conventional double-layer coated glass is mostly a double anti-reflective layer or a protective layer, which is difficult to simultaneously meet the high light transmittance (high power generation efficiency) of photovoltaic modules and the fire safety requirements of building-integrated photovoltaics (BIPV). Summary of the Invention

[0003] The purpose of this invention is to design a double-layer coated photovoltaic glass with fire-resistant function, aiming to solve the problem that existing coated glass or fire-resistant glass does not have both high light transmittance and fire resistance functions, thus making it difficult to meet the high light transmittance of photovoltaic modules and the fire safety requirements of building-integrated photovoltaics (BIPV).

[0004] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention is implemented through the following technical solution: This invention provides a double-layer coated photovoltaic glass with fire-retardant function. The photovoltaic glass includes a glass substrate and a fire-retardant layer and an anti-reflective layer sequentially deposited on the surface of the glass substrate. The fire-retardant layer is formed by coating and curing a fire-retardant liquid, which comprises the following components by mass fraction: 45-55 wt% nano-silica sol, 5-10 wt% nano-alumina sol, 10-20 wt% nano-zirconia sol, 1-5 wt% inorganic binder, 0.1-0.5 wt% defoamer, 0.1-0.5 wt% leveling agent, and the balance being deionized water. The nano-silica sol has a particle size of 20-50 nm.

[0005] Specifically, addressing the requirements of photovoltaic glass for high light transmittance, high temperature resistance, and structural stability, this invention optimizes the formulation of the fire-retardant liquid. Through the synergistic effect of high-solids nano-silica sol and nano-alumina and zirconium oxide sol, a multifunctional composite system with excellent fire-retardant and optical properties is constructed. This solves the shortcomings of traditional fire-retardant layer materials in terms of fire-retardant efficiency, weather resistance, and light transmittance. For example, traditional photovoltaic glass fire-retardant layers often use potassium silicate or low-solids silica sol as the base material, which suffers from low fire-retardant efficiency, easy cracking, and poor weather resistance. The formulation of this invention optimizes the fireproof layer material formula, using high-solids-content nano-silica sol as the core film-forming substance. At high temperatures, it can form a dense gel layer with low thermal conductivity, thereby significantly improving fireproof and heat insulation performance. At the same time, thanks to the introduction of nano-alumina sol and nano-zirconia sol in the formulation, it can promote the formation of a "silica sol-alumina-zirconia" ternary composite system, which can not only enhance the mechanical strength of the fireproof layer and prevent the coating from cracking at high temperatures, but also reflect infrared radiation, further improving the heat insulation effect of the fireproof layer, thus achieving a synergistic improvement in fireproof performance and mechanical performance.

[0006] Furthermore, a double-layer coated photovoltaic glass with fire-resistant function: the thickness of the fire-resistant layer is set to 5-500 nm.

[0007] Furthermore, a fire-resistant double-layer coated photovoltaic glass is provided, wherein the thickness of the antireflective layer is set to 50–250 nm.

[0008] Furthermore, a fire-resistant double-layer coated photovoltaic glass: the inorganic binder is potassium silicate.

[0009] Furthermore, a double-layer coated photovoltaic glass with fire-retardant function: the defoamer is an organosilicon-modified polyether defoamer or a silica sol-based composite defoamer.

[0010] Furthermore, a double-layer coated photovoltaic glass with fire-retardant function: the silica sol-based composite defoamer includes 10-20 wt% silica sol, 30-50 wt% dimethyl silicone oil, 1-3 wt% nonionic emulsifier (such as EL-10) and the balance water.

[0011] Specifically, the preferred silica sol-based composite defoamer of this invention uses silica sol as a carrier, loaded with dimethyl silicone oil and supplemented with a nonionic emulsifier. The nanoparticles of the silica sol act as physical defoaming sites, disrupting the liquid film structure of the foam; the dimethyl silicone oil provides chemical defoaming ability (reducing surface tension); and the emulsifier ensures uniform dispersion of the system (preventing silicone oil agglomeration). This silica sol-based composite defoamer has the following advantages: ① Compatibility: The silica sol in this composite defoamer matches the particle size of the nano-silica sol, nano-alumina, and zirconium oxide sol in the fire retardant formulation, preventing agglomeration and ensuring the light transmittance of the fireproof layer; ② Stability: This composite defoamer exhibits good high-temperature stability; ③ Low residue: The composite defoamer has a low residue rate, avoiding the problem of reduced light transmittance due to residue.

[0012] Furthermore, a double-layer coated photovoltaic glass with fire-retardant function: the leveling agent is a nano-silica modified organosilicon leveling agent or a fluorocarbon modified acrylate leveling agent.

[0013] Furthermore, a fire-resistant double-layer coated photovoltaic glass: the antireflective layer is formed by coating and curing an antireflective coating liquid, the antireflective coating liquid comprising the following components by mass fraction: 15-25 wt% tetraethyl orthosilicate, 50-60 wt% anhydrous ethanol, 1-3 wt% hydrochloric acid, 1-3 wt% surfactant, and the balance being deionized water.

[0014] Furthermore, a double-layer coated photovoltaic glass with fire-retardant properties is provided, wherein the surfactant is hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB).

[0015] This invention also provides a method for preparing double-layer coated photovoltaic glass with fire-retardant function, the method comprising the following steps: S1. Provide a glass substrate and clean its surface; S2. Apply the fire retardant liquid to one surface of the glass substrate by means of spraying, roller coating or slot coating, and then cure it at 100-350°C for 1-10 minutes to form a fire retardant layer. S3. Apply an anti-reflective coating liquid to the fireproof layer using spraying, roller coating, or slot coating methods, and then cure it at 150-750℃ for 1-10 minutes to form an anti-reflective layer, thus obtaining a double-layer coated photovoltaic glass with fireproof function.

[0016] The beneficial effects of this invention are: The fire-resistant double-layer coated photovoltaic glass provided by this invention adopts a functional layered design with a bottom fire-resistant layer and a surface anti-reflective layer. The bottom layer (fire-resistant layer) is mainly responsible for fire prevention, while the surface layer (anti-reflective layer) is mainly responsible for enhancing light transmission. This synergistically achieves both high light transmittance and high fire resistance, overcoming the core pain point that ordinary coated glass or fire-resistant glass does not have both high light transmittance and high fire resistance. In this way, it can meet the fire safety requirements of high light transmittance of photovoltaic modules and building photovoltaic integration.

[0017] The core requirement for photovoltaic glass is high light transmittance. Therefore, the fireproof layer must achieve fire protection without affecting light transmittance. The fireproof layer optimized in this invention combines both fireproofing and light transmittance. The high-solids-content silica sol imparts a light transmittance to the coating similar to that of glass. The particle size of the nano-alumina and zirconium oxide sol matches that of the silica sol. Furthermore, the optimized defoamer and leveling agent in the formula ensure uniform dispersion of the nanoparticles, preventing agglomeration and light transmittance loss. The optimized fireproof liquid formula of this invention allows for a lower thickness of the fireproof layer, further reducing its impact on light transmittance and achieving a synergistic effect of fire protection and light transmittance. In addition, the optimized fireproof liquid formula of this invention results in strong adhesion between the fireproof layer and the glass substrate, preventing delamination. The excellent chemical stability and weather resistance of the nano-alumina and zirconium oxide, resisting erosion from ultraviolet radiation, rain, and other environmental factors, ensure the long-term effectiveness of the fireproof layer.

[0018] The fire-resistant double-layer coated photovoltaic glass provided by this invention achieves multi-functional integration of "fire resistance + anti-reflection + weather resistance". Compared with traditional ordinary coated glass or fire-resistant glass, it not only overcomes the core pain point of not being able to have both high light transmittance and high fire resistance, but also improves the weather resistance of the coating, which is conducive to the long-term use of the photovoltaic glass. Attached Figure Description

[0019] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings used in the following description of the embodiments will be briefly introduced. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0020] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the fire-resistant double-layer coated photovoltaic glass designed for Embodiment 1 of the present invention.

[0021] The markings in the image are as follows: 1-Glass substrate, 2-Fireproof layer, 3-Anti-reflective layer. Detailed Implementation

[0022] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. The following description of at least one exemplary embodiment is merely illustrative and is in no way intended to limit the present invention or its application or use. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the present invention without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0023] Example 1

[0024] like Figure 1 As shown, this embodiment 1 provides a double-layer coated photovoltaic glass with fireproof function. The photovoltaic glass includes a glass substrate 1 and a fireproof layer 2 and an anti-reflection layer 3 sequentially coated on the surface of the glass substrate 1. The fireproof layer 2 is formed by coating and curing a fireproof liquid, which comprises the following components by mass fraction: 55.0 wt% nano silica sol, 10.0 wt% nano alumina sol, 20.0 wt% nano zirconium oxide sol, 5.0 wt% inorganic binder, 0.1 wt% defoamer, 0.2 wt% leveling agent, and the balance being deionized water. The inorganic binder is potassium silicate; the defoamer is a silica sol-based composite defoamer, comprising 17.0 wt% silica sol, 45.0 wt% dimethyl silicone oil, 2.0 wt% nonionic emulsifier (EL-10), and the balance being water; the leveling agent is a nano-silica modified organosilicon leveling agent. The antireflective layer 3 is formed by coating and curing an antireflective coating solution. The antireflective coating solution comprises the following components by mass fraction: 20.0 wt% tetraethyl orthosilicate, 60.0 wt% anhydrous ethanol, 1.0 wt% hydrochloric acid (0.1 mol / L), 1.0 wt% surfactant, and the balance being deionized water. The surfactant is a cationic surfactant, specifically cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB).

[0025] The method for preparing the fire-resistant double-layer coated photovoltaic glass provided in Example 1 above includes the following steps: S1. Provide glass substrate 1 and clean its surface for later use; S2. Apply the fire retardant liquid to one surface of the glass substrate 1 by means of spraying, roller coating or slot coating, and then cure at 180°C for 6 minutes to form a fire retardant layer 2 with a thickness of 300nm. S3. Apply an anti-reflective coating liquid to the fireproof layer 2 by spraying, roller coating or slot coating, and then cure it at 320°C for 3 minutes to form an anti-reflective layer 3 with a thickness of 150nm, thus obtaining a double-layer coated photovoltaic glass with fireproof function.

[0026] The fire-resistant double-layer coated photovoltaic glass of Embodiment 1 of this invention is a double-layer coated glass structure composed of a glass substrate, a fire-resistant layer, and an anti-reflective layer. The two layers have clearly defined functions: the bottom fire-resistant layer is primarily responsible for fire prevention, while the surface anti-reflective layer is primarily responsible for enhancing light transmittance. Together, they achieve a dual performance of high light transmittance and high fire resistance, distinguishing it from existing ordinary coated glass and fire-resistant glass. Thanks to the fire-retardant liquid formulation of this application, it not only meets the requirements of Class A fire resistance or corresponding fire resistance rating, making it suitable for BIPV, rooftop photovoltaic, and other scenarios, but the fire-resistant layer also incorporates an anti-reflective design, taking into account the requirement of high light transmittance. Furthermore, combined with the design of the anti-reflective layer on the fire-resistant layer, the light transmittance of this photovoltaic glass can reach over 90%, ensuring the power generation efficiency of the glass when applied to modules. The coating in this photovoltaic glass exhibits good adhesion, is not prone to delamination, and has a longer service life. This photovoltaic glass can be used in crystalline silicon photovoltaic modules, thin-film photovoltaics, and building-integrated photovoltaic products.

[0027] Example 2

[0028] This embodiment 2 provides a double-layer coated photovoltaic glass with fireproof function. The photovoltaic glass includes a glass substrate 1 and a fireproof layer 2 and an anti-reflection layer 3 sequentially coated on the surface of the glass substrate 1. The fireproof layer 2 is formed by coating and curing a fireproof liquid, which comprises the following components by mass fraction: 50.0 wt% nano silica sol, 7.0 wt% nano alumina sol, 15.0 wt% nano zirconium oxide sol, 1.5 wt% inorganic binder, 0.3 wt% defoamer, 0.3 wt% leveling agent, and the balance being deionized water. The inorganic binder is potassium silicate; the defoamer is a silica sol-based composite defoamer, comprising 12.0 wt% silica sol, 35.0 wt% dimethyl silicone oil, 1.0 wt% nonionic emulsifier (EL-10), and the balance being water; the leveling agent is a nano-silica modified organosilicon leveling agent. The antireflective layer 3 is formed by coating and curing an antireflective coating solution. The antireflective coating solution comprises the following components by mass fraction: 15.0 wt% tetraethyl orthosilicate, 50.0 wt% anhydrous ethanol, 2.0 wt% hydrochloric acid (0.1 mol / L), 2.0 wt% surfactant, and the balance being deionized water. The surfactant is a cationic surfactant, specifically cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB).

[0029] The method for preparing the fire-resistant double-layer coated photovoltaic glass provided in Example 2 above includes the following steps: S1. Provide glass substrate 1 and clean its surface for later use; S2. Apply the fire retardant liquid to one surface of the glass substrate 1 by means of spraying, roller coating or slot coating, and then cure at 220°C for 5 minutes to form a fire retardant layer 2 with a thickness of 120nm. S3. Apply an anti-reflective coating liquid to the fireproof layer 2 by spraying, roller coating or slot coating, and then cure it at 380°C for 2 minutes to form an anti-reflective layer 3 with a thickness of 100nm, thus obtaining a double-layer coated photovoltaic glass with fireproof function.

[0030] Example 3

[0031] This embodiment 3 provides a double-layer coated photovoltaic glass with fireproof function. The photovoltaic glass includes a glass substrate 1 and a fireproof layer 2 and an anti-reflection layer 3 sequentially coated on the surface of the glass substrate 1. The fireproof layer 2 is formed by coating and curing a fireproof liquid, which comprises the following components by mass fraction: 50.0 wt% nano-silica sol, 7.0 wt% nano-alumina sol, 15.0 wt% nano-zirconia sol, 2.0 wt% inorganic binder, 0.3 wt% defoamer, 0.2 wt% leveling agent, and the balance being deionized water; the inorganic binder is potassium silicate, the defoamer is an organosilicon-modified polyether defoamer, and the leveling agent is a fluorocarbon-modified acrylate leveling agent. The antireflective layer 3 is formed by coating and curing an antireflective coating solution. The antireflective coating solution comprises the following components by mass fraction: 23.0 wt% tetraethyl orthosilicate, 50.0 wt% anhydrous ethanol, 2.0 wt% hydrochloric acid (0.1 mol / L), 2.0 wt% surfactant, and the balance being deionized water. The surfactant is a cationic surfactant, specifically cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB).

[0032] The method for preparing the fire-resistant double-layer coated photovoltaic glass provided in Example 3 above includes the following steps: S1. Provide glass substrate 1 and clean its surface for later use; S2. Apply the fire retardant liquid to one surface of the glass substrate 1 by means of spraying, roller coating or slot coating, and then cure at 150°C for 8 minutes to form a fire retardant layer 2 with a thickness of 230nm. S3. Apply an anti-reflective coating liquid to the fireproof layer 2 by spraying, roller coating or slot coating, and then cure it at 630°C for 5 minutes to form an anti-reflective layer 3 with a thickness of 200nm, thus obtaining a double-layer coated photovoltaic glass with fireproof function.

[0033] The above-described preferred embodiments of the present invention are for illustrative purposes only and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention. Any obvious variations or modifications derived from the technical solutions of the present invention are still within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A double-layer coated photovoltaic glass with fire-retardant function, characterized in that, The photovoltaic glass includes a glass substrate (1) and a fireproof layer (2) and an anti-reflection layer (3) sequentially deposited on the surface of the glass substrate (1). The fireproof layer (2) is formed by coating and curing a fireproof liquid, which includes the following components by mass fraction: 45-55 wt% nano silica sol, 5-10 wt% nano alumina sol, 10-20 wt% nano zirconium oxide sol, 1-5 wt% inorganic binder, 0.1-0.5 wt% defoamer, 0.1-0.5 wt% leveling agent, and the balance being deionized water.

2. The fire-resistant double-layer coated photovoltaic glass according to claim 1, characterized in that, The thickness of the fireproof layer (2) is set to 50-500 nm.

3. The double-layer coated photovoltaic glass with fire-retardant function according to claim 1, characterized in that, The thickness of the antireflection layer (3) is set to 50-250 nm.

4. The double-layer coated photovoltaic glass with fire-retardant function according to claim 1, characterized in that, The inorganic binder is potassium silicate.

5. A double-layer coated photovoltaic glass with fire-retardant function according to claim 1, characterized in that, The defoamer is a silica sol-based composite defoamer or an organosilicon-modified polyether defoamer.

6. A double-layer coated photovoltaic glass with fire-retardant function according to claim 5, characterized in that, The silica sol-based composite defoamer comprises 10-20 wt% silica sol, 30-50 wt% dimethyl silicone oil, 1-3 wt% nonionic emulsifier, and the balance being water.

7. A double-layer coated photovoltaic glass with fire-retardant function according to claim 1, characterized in that, The leveling agent is a nano-silica modified silicone leveling agent or a fluorocarbon modified acrylate leveling agent.

8. A double-layer coated photovoltaic glass with fire-retardant function according to claim 1, characterized in that, The antireflective layer (3) is formed by coating and curing an antireflective coating solution, which includes the following components by mass fraction: 15-25 wt% tetraethyl orthosilicate, 50-60 wt% anhydrous ethanol, 1-3 wt% hydrochloric acid, 1-3 wt% surfactant, and the balance being deionized water.

9. A double-layer coated photovoltaic glass with fire-retardant function according to claim 8, characterized in that, The surfactant used is hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide.

10. A method for preparing a fire-resistant double-layer coated photovoltaic glass according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that, The method includes the following steps: S1. Provide a glass substrate (1) and clean its surface; S2. The fire retardant liquid is applied to one surface of the glass substrate (1) and then cured to form a fire retardant layer (2). S3. Apply anti-reflective coating liquid to the fireproof layer (2) and then cure it to form an anti-reflective layer (3) to obtain a double-layer coated photovoltaic glass with fireproof function.

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