Automatic cleaning device for a shield machine cutter

Abstract

The application discloses a kind of automatic cleaning device for shield machine cutter, it is related to tunneling equipment technical field, including including shield machine main body and cutter head body, the cutter head body is arranged on the surface of shield machine main body, the side annular array of shield machine main body is close to cutter head body and is provided with several water pipe grooves, the inside of water pipe groove is all fixedly connected with water outlet cavity, the inside of shield machine main body is located on the side of water outlet cavity away from cutter head body and is provided with annular water storage chamber, the annular water storage chamber is used to store water.The application can flush cutter and cutter head in real time when shield machine is normally tunneling, just remove in time when sundries is just attached, block mud cake formation and muck jam from source, continuously keep the surface of cutter clean, avoid cutter jam and eccentric wear problem from root.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of tunnel boring equipment technology, and in particular to an automatic cleaning device for the cutter head of a tunnel boring machine. Background Technology

[0002] Currently, the construction of underground infrastructure such as urban rail transit, mountain tunnels, and underground integrated pipe corridors is progressing steadily. Tunnel boring machines are being used more and more widely in hard rock tunneling projects. As the core working component of the tunnel boring machine cutterhead, the cutter head is in a working environment that is mixed with rock, soil, rock debris and mud for a long time. Cutter head cleaning has also become a routine part of the supporting operations of tunnel boring machine construction.

[0003] In existing tunneling operations, rock debris, mud, and gravel that detach from the tunnel face easily adhere to and become embedded in the cutterhead body, cutter ring gaps, and cutter holder structure, and this debris accumulates continuously as the tunneling mileage increases. The continuous adhesion and accumulation of rock debris, mud, and gravel in the cutterhead, cutter ring gaps, and cutter holder locations increases the rotational resistance of the cutterhead, hindering its normal rotation, accelerating the wear of components such as the cutter ring and bearings, increasing the operating load on the cutterhead, increasing energy consumption, and reducing tunneling efficiency. It also easily causes cutterhead jamming, abnormal uneven wear, shortens the tool life, and can lead to abnormal cutterhead vibration, affecting the stability of tunneling operations and causing inconvenience for subsequent cutterhead maintenance and disassembly.

[0004] There are already relevant invention patents concerning the cleaning of tunnel boring machine cutters, as detailed below:

[0005] Chinese Patent Application No. CN202411751789.4, entitled "A Structure for Preventing and Removing Mud Cake from a Tunnel Boring Machine Cutterhead," discloses a structure for preventing and removing mud cake from a tunnel boring machine cutterhead. The structure includes a cutterhead, a pressurized water pump and a motor connected to it located at the center of the rear end of the cutterhead, and multiple rotating nozzles symmetrically arranged around the pressurized water pump and located at the center of the cutterhead. Each rotating nozzle is equipped with a ring-shaped vibration mechanism connected to it at its lower part, and a jack is connected to the ring vibrator at the other end away from the cutterhead. The beneficial effects of this invention are as follows: The vibrator is designed with low amplitude and high frequency, which can generate sufficient vibration effect and reduce the impact on the stability of the cutterhead. In addition, the added water outlet and vibrator can be directly fixed on the cutterhead. The tunnel boring machine cutterhead is equipped with multiple water outlets. The annular high-frequency vibrator is installed on the back of the cutterhead directly opposite the water outlet and arranged around the water pipe. The vibrator is started at intervals to reduce the generation of mud cake. When it is necessary to clean the mud cake, the water pressure can be controlled by turning on the high-pressure water pump. The water flow rushes out of the water outlet and drives the nozzle to rotate, washing the mud cake area.

[0006] While the aforementioned existing patents can activate high-pressure water pumps to control water pressure and flush the mud cake area when cleaning is needed, the existing technology can only perform targeted flushing and removal of mud cake that has already formed on the cutterhead. It cannot simultaneously flush and clean the cutterhead in real time during normal tunneling operations, nor can it clean it in time when mud and rock debris first begin to adhere. It can only achieve post-construction mud removal and cannot prevent mud cake formation and debris accumulation from the source. The cleaning and protection process has a significant lag, making it difficult to continuously keep the cutterhead surface clean and tidy. The problem of soil embedding and accumulation still easily occurs, and it cannot effectively prevent mud cake formation in advance. Summary of the Invention

[0007] The purpose of this application is to provide an automatic cleaning device for tunnel boring machine cutterheads, which solves the problem of existing rock debris, mud and gravel continuously adhering to and accumulating on the cutterheads, affecting tunneling operations.

[0008] An automatic cleaning device for tunnel boring machine (TBM) cutterheads includes a TBM body and a cutterhead body. The cutterhead body is disposed on the surface of the TBM body. A plurality of water pipe channels are arranged in a circular array on the side of the TBM body closest to the cutterhead body. Each water pipe channel is fixedly connected to a water outlet chamber. An annular water storage chamber is located inside the TBM body on the side furthest from the cutterhead body from the water outlet chamber. The annular water storage chamber is used to store water. The water pipe channels are designed with an inclination angle of 20-30°, with the side of the water pipe channel closest to the cutterhead body being the lower side. The water outlet chambers are used to flush the cutterhead body with water from the annular water storage chamber. The annular array of water outlet chambers achieves full coverage and no dead angles in the flushing of the cutterhead body. Combined with the 20-30° inclined water pipe channels, gravity ensures a stable and smooth water flow from the annular water storage chamber, providing a core guarantee for continuous and stable cleaning of the cutterheads.

[0009] As a further improvement of the present invention, a blade drive structure is provided near the center of the cutterhead body of the tunnel boring machine (TBM). A central connecting column is fixedly connected to the center of the side of the cutterhead body near the TBM body, and the central connecting column is fixedly connected to the output end of the blade drive structure. Several roller cutter bodies are fixedly connected to the outer surface of the side of the cutterhead body away from the TBM body. A pressing rod is fixedly connected to the side of the cutterhead body near the TBM body. The pressing rod is used to inject air into the water outlet cavity. Relying on the rotational power of the cutterhead itself to drive the pressing rod to inject air into the water outlet cavity, no additional air supply power is required, realizing the synchronous linkage of cleaning air supply and tunneling operation.

[0010] As a further improvement of the present invention, air pipe channels are provided on both sides of the shield machine body, away from the center of the shield machine body, for the water pipe channels. A water inlet is provided at the top of the annular water storage chamber inside the shield machine body. A sealing plug is movably connected inside the water inlet. The water inlet is used to connect to a water pipe, and the sealing plug is used to seal the water inlet when the shield machine body is not in use. Separating the air pipe channels and water pipe channels ensures that the air and water pathways do not interfere with each other. The water inlet, combined with the sealing plug, allows for rapid water replenishment and automatic sealing of the water inlet when the machine is stopped, fundamentally preventing water leakage and backflow of debris.

[0011] As a further improvement of the present invention, each of the air duct slots is fixedly connected to a gas pressing pipe, and each gas pressing pipe is fixedly connected to one end of the water outlet cavity away from the center of the tunnel boring machine body. A rotating spring is fixedly connected to the side of the water outlet cavity near the cutterhead body, and a baffle plate is fixedly connected to the other end of each rotating spring. Each baffle plate is attached to the surface of the water outlet cavity, and the baffle plate is used to seal the water outlet cavity when there is no air pressure in the gas pressing pipe. By rotating the spring and linking the baffle plate, the water outlet cavity automatically closes when there is no air pressure and automatically opens when there is air pressure, effectively preventing water leakage and mud backflow without additional control.

[0012] As a further improvement of the present invention, a funnel-shaped diffusion cavity is formed at one end of the water outlet cavity near the cutter head body, and a water inlet cavity is formed at the other end of the water outlet cavity away from the cutter head body. A diffusion section is formed between the funnel-shaped diffusion cavity and the water inlet cavity. The diffusion section is used to restore pressure and reduce kinetic energy loss. Through the diffusion section formed by the funnel-shaped diffusion cavity and the water inlet cavity, the water flow pressure is efficiently restored and the kinetic energy loss is reduced, significantly improving the flushing power and cleaning stability.

[0013] As a further improvement of the present invention, an injection chamber is fixedly connected to the end of the water outlet chamber away from the cutter head body. A water inlet channel is formed through the injection chamber. A negative pressure chamber is formed outside the injection chamber inside the water outlet chamber. The injection chamber causes the water flowing into the annular water storage chamber to form a contraction section. The conical orifice design at the water outlet of the water inlet channel creates a throat area, which forms a low-pressure zone, thus better drawing in high-pressure gas from the gas pressing tube. By utilizing the conical throat of the water inlet channel to form a low-pressure zone, high-pressure gas can be efficiently drawn in to achieve water-air mixing, fundamentally improving the impact force and cleaning effect of the water jet.

[0014] As a further improvement of the present invention, air inlets are fixedly connected to the outer surface of the water outlet cavity. These air inlets are located at the junction of the water inlet cavity and the injection cavity. The end of each air inlet away from the water outlet cavity is fixedly connected to one end of a gas pressing tube. Two connecting rings are symmetrically fixedly connected inside the gas pressing tube and the parallel pipe inside the water outlet cavity. Two hourglass tubes are symmetrically fixedly connected to one side of each connecting ring within the same gas pressing tube. The connecting rings and hourglass tubes together form an hourglass shape. This hourglass shape allows the gas to be compressed and then diffused after entering its interior. The hourglass-shaped airflow channel first compresses the gas and then diffuses it, achieving secondary pressurization, significantly improving the gas supply pressure and stability, and allowing for more thorough water-gas mixing.

[0015] As a further improvement of the present invention, each connecting ring inside the gas pressing tube near the cutter head body is fixedly connected to a pressing spring. Each pressing spring, away from the connecting ring, is fixedly connected to a pushing block made of rubber. The pushing block is slidably connected inside the gas pressing tube. Each pushing block, away from the pressing spring, is fixedly connected to a triangular push rod. The triangular push rod is used to contact the pressing rod. When the cutter head body drives the pressing rod to rotate, when the pressing rod contacts the triangular push rod, the inclined surface design of the triangular push rod generates a pushing force, causing the triangular push rod to drive the pushing block to move along the gas pressing tube, thereby generating pressurized gas. High-pressure gas can be generated solely by the rotational power of the cutter head, eliminating the need for an external gas source and power supply, achieving complete self-sufficiency in cleaning gas supply.

[0016] As a further improvement of the present invention, two air inlets are provided through the gas pressing tube on the side near the cutter head body. These air inlets are used to draw gas back into the gas pressing tube after the pressing spring causes the push block to rebound. The air inlets enable automatic air intake when the push block rebounds, allowing the gas pressing tube to continuously generate pressure and ensuring a sustained and uninterrupted gas supply during cleaning.

[0017] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of this invention are as follows:

[0018] 1. Enable simultaneous tunneling and cleaning operations to suppress mud cake formation at the source. During normal tunneling, the cutterhead and cutterhead can be flushed in real time, removing debris as soon as it adheres, thus preventing mud cake formation and soil entrapment at the source. This keeps the cutterhead surface clean and avoids cutterhead jamming and uneven wear problems at the root.

[0019] 2. Utilizing a Venturi water-air mixing structure, the cleaning impact and coverage are significantly enhanced. A low-pressure zone is created through the conical throat of the water inlet channel, drawing in high-pressure gas to achieve water-air mixing. The water pressure is then restored through the funnel diffusion chamber, reducing kinetic energy loss and resulting in a stronger jet impact. This effectively removes stubborn mud, sand, and gravel, providing a cleaning effect far superior to simple water flushing.

[0020] 3. The cutterhead rotation automatically triggers air supply, eliminating the need for external power, saving energy and adapting to continuous operation. The rotation of the cutterhead drives the pressing rod, periodically triggering the gas pressing pipe to automatically generate pressure, completing the cycle of air intake, pressurization, exhaust, and reset. No external power source is required, simplifying the overall structure, reducing energy consumption, and adapting to the cleaning needs of tunnel boring machines during long-term continuous tunneling.

[0021] 4. Inclined water pipe channel design ensures stable and uninterrupted water flow. The water pipe channel is set at an inclination angle of 20~30°, with the side closer to the cutter head at a lower position. With the help of gravity and Venturi negative pressure, the water flow in the water storage chamber is stably directed to the water outlet chamber, ensuring continuous and stable spraying and avoiding cleaning interruptions.

[0022] 5. The hourglass-shaped airflow channel in the pipeline provides secondary pressurization, resulting in more stable air pressure and more uniform water-air mixing. An hourglass-shaped airflow channel is installed inside the gas pressurization pipe, where the gas first contracts and compresses before diffusing and pressurizing, achieving secondary pressure stabilization and pressurization. This ensures more uniform water-air mixing and improves the uniformity and effectiveness of the cleaning process.

[0023] 6. A circular array of water outlet chambers ensures comprehensive cleaning and protection of the cutterhead. Multiple sets of water outlet chambers are arranged in a circular array on the main end face of the tunnel boring machine, evenly surrounding the cutterhead and all cutters to achieve full-range, no-dead-angle coverage, ensuring that each cutter and all parts of the cutterhead are effectively cleaned. Attached Figure Description

[0024] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of this application or the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of this application. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0025] Figure 1 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the present invention.

[0026] Figure 2 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the cutter head body, the central connecting column, and the pressing rod in this invention.

[0027] Figure 3 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the shield machine body, blade drive structure, central connecting column, and air pipe groove in this invention.

[0028] Figure 4 For the present invention Figure 3 A cross-sectional three-dimensional structural diagram of the main body of the tunnel boring machine.

[0029] Figure 5 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the water outlet cavity and the gas pressing tube in this invention.

[0030] Figure 6 For the present invention Figure 5 A cross-sectional three-dimensional structural diagram of the water outlet chamber and the gas pressing tube.

[0031] Figure 7 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the connecting ring, hourglass tube, pressing spring, propulsion block, and triangular push rod in this invention.

[0032] In the diagram: 101. Main body of the tunnel boring machine; 102. Blade drive structure; 103. Water pipe channel; 104. Air pipe channel; 105. Annular water storage chamber; 106. Water inlet; 107. Sealing plug; 201. Cutterhead body; 202. Roller cutter body; 203. Central connecting column; 204. Pressing rod; 301. Water outlet chamber; 302. Water baffle; 303. Rotating spring; 304. Funnel diffusion chamber; 305. Water inlet chamber; 306. Injection chamber; 307. Water inlet channel; 308. Negative pressure chamber; 309. Air inlet; 310. Gas pressing pipe; 311. Connecting ring; 312. Hourglass pipe; 313. Pressing spring; 314. Propulsion block; 315. Triangular push rod; 316. Air inlet hole. Detailed Implementation

[0033] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0034] An example is an automatic cleaning device for the cutterhead of a tunnel boring machine, such as... Figure 1-7 As shown in the figure. This embodiment discloses an automatic cleaning device for the cutterhead of a tunnel boring machine (TBM). The cutterhead body 201 is mounted on the surface of the TBM body 101, serving as the core cleaning and tunneling structure. Several water pipe grooves 103 are evenly arranged in a ring array on the side of the TBM body 101 near the cutterhead body 201. In this embodiment, the number of water pipe grooves 103 is preferably 8-12 sets, evenly distributed around the end face of the TBM body 101 to ensure thorough cleaning coverage. A water outlet cavity 301 is fixedly installed inside all water pipe grooves 103. An annular water storage cavity 105 is formed inside the TBM body 101 on the side of the water outlet cavity 301 away from the cutterhead body 201. The annular water storage cavity 105 is a closed annular cavity used to store water for cleaning operations, achieving an integrated water storage structure.

[0035] In this embodiment, the water pipe groove 103 adopts an inclined integrated structure with a uniform inclination angle of 25°. The end of the water pipe groove 103 near the cutter head body 201 is the low end, and the end away from the cutter head body 201 is the high end. This inclined structure can ensure that the water stored in the annular water storage chamber 105 can flow stably to the water outlet chamber 301 under the action of gravity and negative pressure, and finally be sprayed directionally onto the surface of the cutter head body 201 through the water outlet chamber 301 to realize automatic flushing and cleaning operation.

[0036] A blade drive structure 102 is fixedly mounted at the center of the end face of the tunnel boring machine (TBM) body 101 near the cutterhead body 201. A central connecting column 203 is fixedly connected to the center of one side of the cutterhead body 201 near the TBM body 101. The end of the central connecting column 203 away from the cutterhead body 201 is fixedly connected to the power output end of the blade drive structure 102. The blade drive structure 102 drives the cutterhead body 201 to rotate at high speed to meet the requirements of tunnel boring operations. Several sets of roller cutter bodies 202 are fixedly arranged in a ring array on the outer surface of the cutterhead body 201 away from the TBM body 101, serving as the cutting components for tunnel boring. Multiple sets of pressing rods 204 are fixedly mounted on the inner end face of the cutterhead body 201 near the TBM body 101. The pressing rods 204 cooperate with the subsequent pneumatic structure to realize the automatic air intake and pressurization triggering function of the device.

[0037] The water pipe channel 103 has a connecting air pipe channel 104 on the side of the shield machine body 101 away from the center of the shield machine body 101. A water inlet 106 is vertically opened at the top of the shield machine body 101, which is connected to the annular water storage chamber 105, serving as an external water supply channel for the device. A sealing plug 107 is movably embedded inside the water inlet 106. The sealing plug 107 is an elastic sealing plug structure. Under normal conditions, it tightly seals the water inlet 106 port to prevent water leakage inside the annular water storage chamber 105. When the device needs water replenishment, the external water pipe opens the sealing plug 107, and water flows into the annular water storage chamber 105 through the water inlet 106. After water replenishment is completed, the sealing plug 107 automatically rebounds to close the water inlet 106, realizing automatic opening and closing of the water passage. Each air duct 104 is equipped with a fixed gas pressing pipe 310, one end of which is fixedly connected to the end of the water outlet chamber 301 away from the center of the tunnel boring machine body 101. A rotary spring 303 is fixedly connected to the side wall of the end of the water outlet chamber 301 near the cutterhead body 201. The rotary spring 303 adopts a rotary return spring structure, and a baffle plate 302 is fixedly connected to the end of the rotary spring 303. The baffle plate 302 fits and covers the outer surface of the water outlet end of the water outlet chamber 301. Under normal conditions, when there is no air pressure input, the rotary spring 303 elastically returns to its original position, causing the baffle plate 302 to block the water outlet of the water outlet chamber 301, preventing the leakage of clean water inside the annular water storage chamber 105. When high-pressure gas is input through the gas pressing pipe 310, the air pressure pushes the rotary spring 303 to stretch and deform, causing the baffle plate 302 to disengage from the blocking state, opening the water passage and realizing synchronous water and air injection.

[0038] The Venturi structure, consisting of an outlet cavity 301, a funnel-shaped diffuser cavity 304, an inlet cavity 305, an injection cavity 306, an inlet channel 307, a negative pressure cavity 308, and an air inlet 309, is meticulously designed to adapt to the high-pressure water jet cleaning conditions of the tunnel boring machine. The outlet cavity 301 has a funnel-shaped diffuser cavity 304 located at one end near the cutterhead body 201. An inlet cavity 305, with a larger aperture than the funnel-shaped diffuser cavity 304, is located behind the outlet cavity 301. The junction of the funnel-shaped diffuser cavity 304 and the inlet cavity 305 forms a gradual diffusion section. As water flows through this diffusion section, water pressure is restored, kinetic energy loss is reduced, and the spray coverage area is increased. An injection chamber 306 is fixedly installed at the end of the water outlet chamber 301 away from the cutter head body 201. A conical water inlet channel 307 is opened through the center of the injection chamber 306. The end of the water inlet channel 307 near the annular water storage chamber 105 has a larger diameter, and the end near the water inlet chamber 305 has a smaller diameter, forming a water flow contraction section and a throat area. A cavity is reserved outside the injection chamber 306 inside the water outlet chamber 301 to form a negative pressure chamber 308. An air inlet 309 is opened at the docking position between the outer wall of the water outlet chamber 301 and the gas pressing pipe 310. The air inlet 309 connects the gas pressing pipe 310 and the inside of the negative pressure chamber 308. When clean water flows into the injection chamber 306 from the annular water storage chamber 105 and is ejected at high speed through the conical small hole of the water inlet channel 307, the flow velocity in the throat area increases sharply and the pressure drops sharply, forming a stable low-pressure negative pressure zone inside the negative pressure chamber 308. High-pressure gas inside the gas pressing tube 310 can be quickly drawn in through the air inlet 309 to achieve water-gas mixing, greatly improving the jet impact force and cleaning effect, and effectively removing mud, sand, gravel and soil adhering to the surface of the cutter body 201 and the roller cutter body 202.

[0039] The improved needle tube propulsion structure, composed of a gas pressing tube 310, connecting rings 311, hourglass tube 312, pressing spring 313, propulsion block 314, and triangular push rod 315, adds a rebound reset structure compared to the traditional needle tube structure, enabling continuous reciprocating air pressure supply and adapting to the continuous cleaning needs of the rotating cutter head body 201. Two sets of connecting rings 311 are symmetrically fixed inside the pipe parallel to the water outlet chamber 301 within the gas pressing tube 310. The hourglass tube 312 is symmetrically fixed to the inner side of the two sets of connecting rings 311. The connecting rings 311 and the hourglass tube 312 are joined to form an hourglass-shaped airflow channel. When the high-pressure gas passes through the hourglass-shaped channel, it is first compressed and then diffused and pressurized, achieving secondary pressurization of the gas and improving the stability of the air pressure input. A pressing spring 313 is fixedly mounted on the end face of the connecting ring 311 near the cutter head body 201 inside the gas pressing tube 310. The pressing spring 313 adopts a compression rebound spring structure, and a push block 314 is fixedly connected to the end of the pressing spring 313. The push block 314 is a rubber-sealed piston structure that completely fits the inner wall of the gas pressing tube 310 and can slide along the inner wall for sealing. A triangular push rod 315 is fixedly connected to the side of the push block 314 facing the cutter head body 201. The outer side of the triangular push rod 315 adopts a beveled guide design and protrudes from the port of the gas pressing tube 310. Two sets of air inlets 316 are symmetrically opened on the outside of the gas pressing tube 310 near the cutter head body 201 as unidirectional air inlets. When the device is working, the blade drive structure 102 drives the cutter head body 201 to rotate continuously, which drives the pressing rod 204 to rotate synchronously. When the pressing rod 204 rotates and contacts the inclined structure of the triangular push rod 315, the inclined surface is subjected to force and generates an axial pushing force, which squeezes the triangular push rod 315 and drives the push block 314 to slide backward along the inside of the gas pressing tube 310, compressing the pressing spring 313. At the same time, it squeezes the air inside the gas pressing tube 310 to form high-pressure gas. After being pressurized twice by the connecting ring 311 and the hourglass tube 312, the high-pressure gas enters the negative pressure chamber 308 through the air inlet 309. When the pressing rod 204 rotates with the cutter head body 201 and disengages from the triangular push rod 315, the pressing spring 313 loses its compressive force and elastically rebounds, causing the push block 314 and the triangular push rod 315 to reset. At this time, a negative pressure is formed inside the gas pressing tube 310, and external air is automatically replenished into the gas pressing tube 310 through the air inlet 316, completing one cycle of air intake, pressurization, exhaust, and reset. As the cutter head body 201 continues to rotate, the pressing rod 204 periodically contacts and compresses the triangular push rod 315, realizing the continuous reciprocating operation of the structure and continuously providing a high-pressure air source for the Venturi structure.

[0040] The operation process of this invention is as follows: Clean water is injected into the annular water storage chamber 105 through the water inlet 106. After the water injection is completed, the sealing plug 107 automatically seals the water inlet 106. Under normal conditions, the baffle plate 302 blocks the outlet of the water outlet chamber 301, and the device is in standby mode with no water or air leakage. When the tunnel boring machine is working, the blade drive structure 102 drives the cutterhead body 201 and the roller cutter body 202 to rotate and excavate at high speed. The pressing rod 204 moves synchronously with the cutterhead body 201, periodically squeezing the triangular push rod 315. When the pressing rod 204 squeezes the triangular push rod 315, the propulsion block 314 compresses the pressing spring 313 to generate high-pressure gas. The gas is pressurized through the hourglass-shaped connecting ring 311 and the hourglass tube 312 and enters the negative pressure chamber 308. The gas pressure synchronously pushes the rotating spring 303 to deform, causing the baffle plate 302 to detach from the outlet of the water outlet chamber 301, and the water passage is opened. Clean water inside the annular water storage chamber 105 flows into the outlet chamber 301 along the 25° inclined water pipe groove 103. It then forms a high-speed water flow through the injection chamber 306 and the inlet channel 307. Under the negative pressure zone of the negative pressure chamber 308, it is fully mixed with high-pressure gas. After diffusion and pressurization through the funnel diffusion chamber 304 and the inlet chamber 305, it is directionally sprayed onto the surfaces of the cutter head body 201 and the roller cutter body 202, quickly peeling off attached slag and silt, completing the automatic cleaning. After the pressing rod 204 disengages from the triangular push rod 315, the pressing spring 313 returns to its original position. Fresh air is introduced through the gas pressing pipe 310 via the air inlet 316. Simultaneously, the rotating spring 303 drives the baffle plate 302 to re-seal the outlet of the outlet chamber 301, stopping the water and air spraying, awaiting the next compression trigger, thus achieving continuous cycle automatic cleaning.

[0041] Finally, it should be noted that the above are merely preferred embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art can still modify the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments or make equivalent substitutions for some of the technical features. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. An automatic cleaning device for the cutterhead of a tunnel boring machine, comprising a tunnel boring machine body (101) and a cutterhead body (201), characterized in that, The cutterhead body (201) is disposed on the surface of the shield machine body (101). Several water pipe grooves (103) are arranged in a ring array on the side of the shield machine body (101) near the cutterhead body (201). A water outlet cavity (301) is fixedly connected inside each water pipe groove (103). An annular water storage cavity (105) is provided inside the shield machine body (101) on the side of the water outlet cavity (301) away from the cutterhead body (201). The annular water storage cavity (105) is used to store water. The water pipe grooves (103) are designed with an inclination angle of 20~30°. The side of the water pipe grooves (103) near the cutterhead body (201) is the side with a lower height. The water outlet cavity (301) is used to flush the cutterhead body (201) with the water inside the annular water storage cavity (105).

2. The automatic cleaning device for tunnel boring machine cutterheads as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The shield machine body (101) is provided with a blade drive structure (102) near the center of the cutterhead body (201). A central connecting column (203) is fixedly connected to the center of the side of the cutterhead body (201) near the shield machine body (101). The central connecting column (203) is fixedly connected to the output end of the blade drive structure (102). Several roller cutter bodies (202) are fixedly connected to the outer surface of the side of the cutterhead body (201) away from the shield machine body (101). A pressing rod (204) is fixedly connected to the side of the cutterhead body (201) near the shield machine body (101). The pressing rod (204) is used to allow air to be injected into the water outlet cavity (301).

3. The automatic cleaning device for tunnel boring machine cutterheads as described in claim 2, characterized in that: The water pipe groove (103) is located inside the shield machine body (101) on the side away from the center of the shield machine body (101) and the air pipe groove (104) is provided. The shield machine body (101) is located at the top of the annular water storage chamber (105) and the water inlet (106) is provided. The water inlet (106) is movably connected to the sealing plug (107). The water inlet (106) is used to connect the water pipe and the sealing plug (107) is used to seal the water inlet (106) when the shield machine body (101) is not in use.

4. The automatic cleaning device for tunnel boring machine cutterheads as described in claim 3, characterized in that: Each of the gas pipe slots (104) is fixedly connected to a gas pressing pipe (310). Each gas pressing pipe (310) is fixedly connected to one end of the water outlet cavity (301) away from the center of the shield machine body (101). A rotating spring (303) is fixedly connected to the side of the water outlet cavity (301) near the cutterhead body (201). A baffle plate (302) is fixedly connected to the other end of the rotating spring (303). Each baffle plate (302) is attached to the surface of the water outlet cavity (301). The baffle plate (302) is used to seal the water outlet cavity (301) when there is no gas pressure in the gas pressing pipe (310).

5. The automatic cleaning device for tunnel boring machine cutterheads as described in claim 4, characterized in that: The outlet cavity (301) is provided with a funnel diffusion cavity (304) at one end near the cutter head body (201). The outlet cavity (301) is provided with an inlet cavity (305) on the side of the funnel diffusion cavity (304) away from the cutter head body (201). A diffusion section will be formed between the funnel diffusion cavity (304) and the inlet cavity (305). The diffusion section is used to restore pressure and reduce kinetic energy loss.

6. The automatic cleaning device for tunnel boring machine cutterheads as described in claim 5, characterized in that: An injection chamber (306) is fixedly connected to the end of the water outlet chamber (301) away from the cutter head body (201). An inlet channel (307) is opened through the inside of the injection chamber (306). A negative pressure chamber (308) is opened outside the injection chamber (306) inside the water outlet chamber (301). The water flowing into the annular water storage chamber (105) will form a contraction section inside the injection chamber (306). The conical hole design of the inlet channel (307) at the water outlet will form a throat area. The throat area will form a low pressure area to better draw in the high pressure gas entering from the gas pressing tube (310).

7. An automatic cleaning device for tunnel boring machine cutterheads as described in claim 6, characterized in that: The outer surface of the water outlet cavity (301) is fixedly connected with an air inlet (309). The air inlet (309) is located at the junction of the gap between the water inlet cavity (305) and the injection cavity (306). The end of the air inlet (309) away from the water outlet cavity (301) is fixedly connected to one end of the gas pressing tube (310). The gas pressing tube (310) and the parallel pipe inside the water outlet cavity (301) are symmetrically fixedly connected with two connecting rings (311). The two connecting rings (311) located inside the same gas pressing tube (310) are symmetrically fixedly connected with two hourglass tubes (312) on one side close to each other. The connecting rings (311) and the hourglass tubes (312) together form an hourglass shape. The hourglass shape will allow the gas to enter its interior and then diffuse after being squeezed.

8. An automatic cleaning device for tunnel boring machine cutterheads as described in claim 7, characterized in that: Inside the gas pressing tube (310), on the side of the connecting ring (311) near the cutter head body (201), a pressing spring (313) is fixedly connected to each of the following: A push block (314) is fixedly connected to the end of the pressing spring (313) away from the connecting ring (311). The push block (314) is made of rubber and is slidably connected inside the gas pressing tube (310). The side of the push block (314) away from the pressing spring (313) is fixedly connected to... A triangular push rod (315) is connected to the pressing rod (204). When the pressing rod (204) is rotated by the cutter head body (201), after the pressing rod (204) contacts the triangular push rod (315), the inclined surface design of the triangular push rod (315) will generate a pushing force, which will cause the triangular push rod (315) to drive the propulsion block (314) to move along the gas pressing tube (310) to generate pressurized gas.

9. An automatic cleaning device for tunnel boring machine cutterheads as described in claim 8, characterized in that: Two air inlets (316) are provided through the gas pressing tube (310) on the side near the cutter head body (201). The air inlets (316) are used to draw gas back into the gas pressing tube (310) after the pressing spring (313) drives the push block (314) to rebound.

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