A radioactive foam decontaminant

Abstract

The present application provides a radioactive foam decontaminant, which is composed of raw materials including water, an anionic surfactant, a non-ionic surfactant, a foaming agent, a nuclide detachment agent, an anti-radioactive secondary attachment agent and a nuclide stabilizer. The radioactive foam decontaminant has abundant foam, can cover the surface of equipment to be decontaminated for a long time, greatly reduces the usage amount, has low corrosion and high radioactive decontamination rate.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the fields of environmental science and materials science, and specifically to radioactive foam detergents. Background Technology

[0002] With the rapid development of the nuclear industry, the amount of surface radioactive contamination is increasing, constantly threatening people's health and lives. Radioactive decontamination technology has also developed rapidly. Radioactive decontamination involves removing radioactive contaminants from the surface of objects using various means or methods. The purpose of decontamination is to reduce the level of radioactivity and decrease the radiation dose received by workers.

[0003] Chemical decontamination mainly utilizes chemical decontaminants to dissolve dirt, paint coatings, or peel off oxide films contaminated with radionuclides on the surfaces of equipment, components, and materials, thereby removing radionuclides adhering to oil stains and oxide films.

[0004] Currently used radioactive chemical detergents generally suffer from problems such as long cleaning time and large waste volume. Summary of the Invention

[0005] To solve the above problems, the inventors discovered that a radioactive foam decontaminant, composed of water, anionic surfactant, nonionic surfactant, foaming agent, radionuclide release agent, anti-radiation secondary adhesion agent, and radionuclide stabilizer, has abundant foam, can cover the surface of the equipment to be decontaminated for a long time, significantly reduces the dosage, has low corrosivity, and has a high radioactive decontamination rate, thus completing the present invention.

[0006] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, one or more of sodium fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene ether sulfate, sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate, sodium lauryl sulfate, and decayl alcohol polyoxyethylene ether can be used as an anionic surfactant, preferably sodium fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene ether sulfate and decayl alcohol polyoxyethylene ether.

[0007] In this invention, no specific fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene ether sulfate is specified; commonly used fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene ether sulfates such as C12-C18 alcohol polyoxyethylene ether sulfate can be used.

[0008] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, one or more of glycerol, sucrose and sorbitol can be used as a nonionic surfactant, with glycerol being preferred.

[0009] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, one or more of sodium fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene ether sulfate (AES), sodium bicarbonate, sodium dodecyl sulfate and coconut oil diethanolamide can be used as foaming agents, preferably sodium fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene ether sulfate (AES) and coconut oil diethanolamide.

[0010] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, 2GL penetrant or isooctanol polyoxyethylene ether (JFC-E) can be used as a radionuclide detachment agent, with 2GL penetrant being preferred.

[0011] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, disodium cocoyl sulfosuccinate and ethylene glycol phenyl ether can be used as anti-radiation secondary adhesion agents, preferably disodium cocoyl sulfosuccinate.

[0012] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, one or both of ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid disodium salt (EDTA-2Na) and diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid pentasodium salt (DTPA-5Na) can be used as the radionuclide stabilizer, preferably a combination of ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid disodium salt (EDTA-2Na) and diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid pentasodium salt (DTPA-5Na).

[0013] When using a combination of disodium ethylenediaminetetraacetate and pentasodium diethylenetriaminepentaacetate, a weight ratio of (5-10):(5-10) is more preferred, and (6-8):(6-8) is even more preferred.

[0014] In a preferred embodiment, the radioactive foam detergent is composed of the following raw materials in the indicated weight ratios:

[0015] 100 parts by weight of water

[0016] 1-5 parts by weight of anionic surfactant

[0017]

[0018] In a more preferred embodiment, the radioactive foam detergent is composed of the following raw materials in the indicated weight ratios:

[0019]

[0020] In the most preferred embodiment, the radioactive foam detergent is composed of the following raw materials in the indicated weight ratios:

[0021]

[0022] The radioactive foam detergent of this invention is obtained by mixing and dissolving anionic surfactant, nonionic surfactant, foaming agent, radionuclide release agent, anti-radiation secondary adhesion agent, and radionuclide stabilizer in water. These components can be mixed and dissolved simultaneously or sequentially. To ensure complete dissolution and stability of the resulting detergent, sequential mixing and dissolution is preferred.

[0023] To facilitate the mixing of solvents, methods such as stirring and ultrasound can be used.

[0024] The present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0025] (1) The radioactive foam decontaminant of the present invention, by selecting and combining special types of anionic surfactants, nonionic surfactants, foaming agents, radionuclide detachment agents, anti-radioactive secondary adhesion agents and radionuclide stabilizers, has strong stability, low metal corrosivity, and can effectively remove radioactive pollution.

[0026] (2) The radioactive foam cleaner of the present invention is slightly alkaline, produces abundant foam after spraying, and the foam lasts for a long time, which can fully cover the surface to be cleaned, thereby efficiently removing radioactive contamination. Attached Figure Description

[0027] Figure 1 The photographs in Experiment Example 1 are shown;

[0028] Figure 2 The photographs in Experiment Example 2 are shown;

[0029] Figure 3 The photograph in Experiment 4 is shown;

[0030] Figure 4 The photograph in Experiment 5 is shown; Detailed Implementation

[0031] The present invention will now be described in detail through specific embodiments, and the features and advantages of the present invention will become clearer and more explicit with these descriptions.

[0032] Example 1

[0033] Add 2g of deca-ol polyoxyethylene ether to 100g of deionized water, and stir in a 60℃ constant temperature water bath for 4 hours at a stirring speed of 180 rpm. After stirring, add 60g of deionized water and let stand naturally at room temperature for 12 hours. Then add 1g of glycerin and stir at room temperature for 10 minutes at a stirring speed of 200 rpm. Next, add 8g of coconut oil diethanolamide and stir at room temperature for 15 minutes at a stirring speed of 200 rpm. After standing, add 10g of 2GL penetrant and stir at room temperature for 1 hour. The stirring speed was 260 r / min; then 1 g of disodium cocoyl ethanolamide sulfosuccinate monoester was added, and the mixture was stirred at room temperature for 20 min at a stirring speed of 350 r / min; then 6 g of pentasodium diethylenetriaminepentaacetate (DTPA-5Na) was added, and the mixture was stirred at room temperature for 15 min at a stirring speed of 380 r / min; then 6 g of disodium ethylenediaminetetraacetate (EDTA-2Na) was added, and the mixture was stirred at room temperature for 15 min at a stirring speed of 340 r / min; thus, a radioactive foam detergent was obtained.

[0034] Experimental Example 1

[0035] Take approximately 50 ml of the radioactive foam detergent prepared according to Example 1 into a 100 ml colorless, stoppered wide-mouth glass bottle, stopper it, and place it in a refrigerator at (-5±2)℃. After 6 hours, remove it and observe its appearance after it returns to room temperature. Figure 1 As shown, the detergent was found to be uniform and without stratification after thawing at -5±2℃ for 6 hours, with no crystallization or precipitation.

[0036] Experimental Example 2

[0037] Take approximately 50 mL of the radioactive foam detergent prepared according to Example 1 into a 100 mL colorless, stoppered, wide-mouthed glass bottle, stopper it, and place it in a constant temperature incubator at (60±2)℃. After 6 hours, remove it and immediately observe its appearance. Figure 2 As shown, the detergent was found to show no stratification or sedimentation after being heated to 60±2℃ for 6 hours.

[0038] Experimental Example 3

[0039] Pour 400 mL of the radioactive foam detergent (5% aqueous solution) prepared according to Example 1 into a 500 mL beaker, and then place the beaker in a 60°C constant temperature water bath to maintain the temperature at (60±2)°C. Clamp the oil-stained test piece on the swing rack of the swing washing machine, with the test piece surface perpendicular to the swing direction. Immerse in the detergent solution for 3 min, and then immediately start the swing washing machine to swing for 3 min. After the swing washing is completed, remove the test piece along with the hook, and swing it in 400 mL of distilled water at (60±2)°C for 30 s. Hang it on the test piece rack and place it in a constant temperature drying oven at (40±2)°C for 2 h. Remove it, cool it to room temperature in a desiccator, weigh it, and calculate the cleaning power according to the following formula.

[0040]

[0041] W2 represents cleaning power, expressed as a percentage.

[0042] m0 represents the mass of the test piece, in grams (g).

[0043] m1 represents the mass of the oil-stained test piece before cleaning, expressed in grams (g).

[0044] m2 represents the mass of the oil-stained test piece after cleaning, expressed in grams (g).

[0045] The results are shown in the table below.

[0046]

[0047] Test Example 4

[0048] Immerse the stainless steel metal sample completely in the metal cleaning agent solution, remove and dry it to cover the surface with a dry film of cleaning agent, then rinse it in water and dry it again, checking for any residue on the sample surface. Place a beaker containing 400 mL of the radioactive foam detergent prepared according to Example 1 in a constant temperature water bath at (60±2)℃. Hang the sample on an S-shaped hook and immerse it completely in the radioactive foam detergent for 5 minutes, then remove it and immediately use filter paper to absorb the liquid from the bottom and holes of the sample. Hang it vertically on a sample rack and place it in an oven at (40±2)℃ to dry for 30 minutes. Remove the sample and swing it back and forth 10 times in 400 mL of distilled water at (60±2)℃ (one round trip counts as one time), with the swinging time not exceeding 10 seconds. Then dry it with hot air and check the appearance of the sample. Figure 3 As shown, no visible residue was found after rinsing.

[0049] Experimental Example 5

[0050] Place the prepared test pieces (including the test piece rack) in an oven at (40±2)℃ and dry for 30 minutes. Then cool and weigh them.

[0051] A container containing 400 ml of the radioactive foam detergent prepared according to Example 1 was placed in a constant-temperature water bath at (80±2)℃. The weighed test pieces were then suspended from a beam placed horizontally at the mouth of the container, ensuring they were completely submerged in the detergent (without touching the bottom or being exposed above the surface). Only two test pieces of the same material were placed in each container. After 2 hours, the test pieces were removed. They were rinsed with freshly boiled and cooled distilled water (10 rinses), dehydrated in anhydrous ethanol, and dried with hot air. The appearance was then inspected. After inspection, the test pieces (including the rack) were placed in an oven at (40±2)℃ for 30 minutes, then cooled in a desiccator. The corrosion amount was measured and expressed in milligrams (w), calculated using the following formula.

[0052] W3=(m1-m2)×1000

[0053] W3 represents the corrosion amount of the test piece, in milligrams (mg).

[0054] m1 is the mass of the test piece before the corrosion test, in grams (g);

[0055] m2 is the mass of the test piece after the corrosion test, in grams (g);

[0056] (1) Corrosion test results of No. 45 steel specimens:

[0057]

[0058] After corrosion, the surface of the test piece showed no rust and no obvious changes, such as... Figure 4 As shown.

[0059] (2) Corrosion test results of Z30 cast iron specimens:

[0060]

[0061] After corrosion, the surface of the test piece showed no rust, only slight discoloration or loss of gloss. Figure 4 As shown.

[0062] (3) Corrosion test results of H62 brass specimens:

[0063]

[0064]

[0065] After corrosion, the surface of the test piece showed no rust, only slight discoloration or loss of gloss. Figure 4 As shown.

[0066] (4) Corrosion test results of LY12 hard aluminum specimen:

[0067]

[0068] After corrosion, the surface of the test piece showed no rust and no obvious changes, such as... Figure 4 As shown.

[0069] Experimental Example 6

[0070] Radioactive contamination on the surface of a steel sheet was measured using a CoMo170 (handheld digital surface contamination meter). Five measurement points were set at the four corners and the middle of the steel sheet, and each point was measured six times.

[0071] The radioactive foam detergent prepared according to Example 1 was mixed with water at a volume ratio of 1:5. The radioactive contaminated steel sheet was placed in an ultrasonic cleaner containing diluted foam detergent solution and cleaned for 20 minutes under ultrasonic conditions of 25°C, 45kHz, and 490W. The radioactive contamination at each measurement point was measured.

[0072] The stain removal rate was calculated using the following formula, and the results are shown in the table below:

[0073]

[0074] DE represents the detergency of the detergent, expressed as a percentage.

[0075] A0 represents the background level before sample contamination, measured in Bq / cm³. 2 ;

[0076] A1 represents surface contamination of the contaminated sample before background subtraction, in Bq / cm³. 2 ;

[0077] A2 represents the surface contamination of the decontaminated sample before background subtraction, in Bq / cm³.2 ;

[0078]

[0079]

[0080] Experimental Example 7

[0081] A radioactive foam detergent was prepared according to Example 1 and diluted with water at a volume ratio of 1:5. The diluted solution was placed in a foam sprayer. The foam detergent was sprayed onto the contaminated surface and allowed to stand naturally for half an hour until the foam disappeared. The liquid was then wiped off with a towel, and the surface contamination was measured to calculate the removal rate. The results are shown in the table below.

[0082]

[0083] Experimental Example 8

[0084] The radioactive foam detergent prepared according to Example 1 was diluted with deionized water at ratios of 1:5, 1:10, 1:15, and 1:20, respectively. The diluted solutions were placed in foam sprayers, and the foaming was observed by squeezing the nozzles. Contaminated steel sheets were then placed in the diluted solution and cleaned for 20 minutes at 25°C, 45 kHz, and 490 W. The results are shown in the table below.

[0085]

[0086] Example 2

[0087] Add 3g of sodium lauryl ether sulfate to 100g of deionized water and stir in a 60℃ constant temperature water bath for 4 hours at a stirring speed of 180 rpm. After stirring, add 60g of deionized water and let stand naturally at room temperature for 12 hours. Then add 0.5g of sorbitol and stir at room temperature for 10 minutes at a stirring speed of 200 rpm. Next, add 10g of sodium lauryl ether sulfate and stir at room temperature for 15 minutes at a stirring speed of 200 rpm. After standing, add 2GL of penetrant. Add 8g of ethylene glycol phenyl ether and stir at room temperature for 1 hour at a stirring speed of 260 r / min; then add 1.5g of ethylene glycol phenyl ether and stir at room temperature for 20 minutes at a stirring speed of 350 r / min; then add 5g of diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid pentasodium (DTPA-5Na) and stir at room temperature for 15 minutes at a stirring speed of 380 r / min; then add 8g of ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid disodium (EDTA-2Na) and stir at room temperature for 15 minutes at a stirring speed of 340 r / min; thus obtaining a radioactive foam detergent.

[0088] Example 3

[0089] Add 5g of sodium lauryl sulfate to 100g of deionized water and stir in a 60℃ constant temperature water bath for 4 hours at a stirring speed of 180r / min. After stirring, add 60g of deionized water and let stand at room temperature for 12 hours. Then add 0.5g of sucrose and stir at room temperature for 10 minutes at a stirring speed of 200r / min. Next, add 7g of sodium bicarbonate and stir at room temperature for 15 minutes at a stirring speed of 200r / min. After standing, add 16g of 2GL penetrant and stir at room temperature for 1 hour at a stirring speed of [missing information]. The stirring speed was 260 r / min; then 1 g of disodium cocoyl ethanolamide sulfosuccinate monoester was added, and the mixture was stirred at room temperature for 20 min at a stirring speed of 350 r / min; then 9 g of pentasodium diethylenetriaminepentaacetate (DTPA-5Na) was added, and the mixture was stirred at room temperature for 15 min at a stirring speed of 380 r / min; then 7 g of disodium ethylenediaminetetraacetate (EDTA-2Na) was added, and the mixture was stirred at room temperature for 15 min at a stirring speed of 340 r / min; thus, a radioactive foam detergent was obtained.

[0090] The radioactive foam detergents obtained in Examples 2 and 3 were tested, and the results are shown in the table below:

[0091] Cleaning power Radioactive decontamination rate Example 2 96.3％ 95.9％ Example 3 95.6％ 93.6％

[0092] The present invention has been described in detail above with reference to specific embodiments and / or exemplary examples, as well as the accompanying drawings. However, these descriptions should not be construed as limiting the present invention. Those skilled in the art will understand that various equivalent substitutions, modifications, or improvements can be made to the technical solutions and embodiments of the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention, and all such modifications and improvements fall within the scope of the present invention. The scope of protection of the present invention is defined by the appended claims.

Claims

1. A radioactive foam detergent, comprising water, anionic surfactant, nonionic surfactant, foaming agent, radionuclide detachment agent, anti-radioactive secondary adhesion agent, and radionuclide stabilizer.

2. The radioactive foam detergent as described in claim 1, as an anionic surfactant, uses one or more of sodium fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene ether sulfate, sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate, sodium lauryl sulfate, and decayl alcohol polyoxyethylene ether, preferably sodium fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene ether sulfate and decayl alcohol polyoxyethylene ether.

3. The radioactive foam detergent as described in claim 1, wherein one or more of glycerol, sucrose and sorbitol are used as nonionic surfactants, preferably glycerol.

4. The radioactive foam detergent as described in claim 1, as a foaming agent, may use one or more of sodium fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene ether sulfate (AES), sodium bicarbonate, sodium dodecyl sulfate and coconut oil diethanolamide, preferably sodium fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene ether sulfate (AES) and coconut oil diethanolamide.

5. The radioactive foam detergent as described in claim 1, as a radionuclide removal agent, may use 2GL penetrant or isooctanol polyoxyethylene ether (JFC-E), preferably 2GL penetrant.

6. The radioactive foam detergent as described in claim 1, as an anti-radiation secondary adhesion agent, may use disodium cocoyl ethanolamide sulfosuccinate monoester and ethylene glycol phenyl ether, preferably disodium cocoyl ethanolamide sulfosuccinate monoester.

7. The radioactive foam detergent as described in claim 1, as a radionuclide stabilizer, may use one or both of disodium ethylenediaminetetraacetate (EDTA-2Na) and pentasodium diethylenetriaminepentaacetate (DTPA-5Na), preferably a combination of disodium ethylenediaminetetraacetate (EDTA-2Na) and pentasodium diethylenetriaminepentaacetate (DTPA-5Na).

8. The radioactive foam detergent as described in claim 1, comprising the following raw materials in the indicated weight ratios:

9. The radioactive foam detergent as described in claim 1, comprising the following raw materials in the indicated weight ratios:

10. The radioactive foam detergent as described in claim 1, comprising the following raw materials in the indicated weight ratios:

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