Fault detection device and diagnosis method for transformer short circuit fault

Abstract

The application relates to the technical field of transformer short-circuit fault detection devices, and discloses a transformer short-circuit fault detection device and a diagnosis method, which comprises a loading plate and further comprises: a primary detection mechanism with equal intervals arranged on the top of the loading plate; the primary detection mechanism comprises a receiving box, the bottom of the receiving box is fixedly connected to the top of the loading plate, a current detector is fixedly installed on the outer wall of the receiving box, and a driving motor is fixedly embedded at the top edge of the loading plate. The transformer short-circuit fault detection device and the diagnosis method can automatically and real-timely monitor the operation state of the transformer without people, can collect relevant data in time when the transformer has a short-circuit accident, can locate the short-circuit position of the winding inside the transformer according to the collected data, can facilitate the expansion of subsequent maintenance work, and can effectively reduce the safety risk of the operation of the transformer.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the technical field of transformer short-circuit fault detection devices, specifically to a fault detection device and diagnostic method for transformer short-circuit faults. Background Technology

[0002] As a crucial core component of the power system, the operating status of transformers directly affects the safety and stability of the entire power grid. Short circuits are one of the most common types of faults in power transformers. When a short circuit fault occurs, a huge short-circuit current and electrodynamic force are generated in the fault area, which may lead to winding deformation, insulation damage, or even complete burnout, resulting in large-scale power outages and causing enormous economic losses and social impact. However, existing transformer short-circuit detection devices still have some problems:

[0003] Commercially available transformer short-circuit detection devices are difficult to monitor in real time and cannot effectively locate the short circuit position of the coil, thus reducing the efficiency of subsequent maintenance.

[0004] To address the aforementioned issues, there is an urgent need for innovative designs based on existing transformer short-circuit detection devices. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of this invention is to provide a fault detection device and diagnostic method for transformer short circuit faults, in order to solve the following problems of existing transformer short circuit detection devices mentioned in the background art: commercially available transformer short circuit detection devices are difficult to monitor in real time, and the devices cannot effectively locate the short circuit position of the coil, thereby reducing the efficiency of subsequent maintenance.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution: a fault detection device and diagnostic method for transformer short-circuit faults, comprising:

[0007] The loading plate further includes: a primary detection mechanism fixedly installed at equal intervals on the top of the loading plate, the primary detection mechanism including a storage box, the bottom of the storage box being fixedly connected to the top of the loading plate, and a current detector fixedly installed on the outer wall of the storage box; a drive motor fixedly embedded at the top edge of the loading plate, and a screw fixedly installed on the output shaft of the drive motor, the screw rotating through the bottom of the loading plate, and the upper thread of the screw passing through the middle of the mounting plate; a secondary detection mechanism fixedly installed at equal intervals on the side wall of the mounting plate, the secondary detection mechanism including a docking frame, one end of the docking frame being fixedly connected to the side wall of the mounting plate, and the other end of the docking frame being fixedly connected to a ring frame; and a winding fixedly installed on the bottom surface of the loading plate.

[0008] Preferably, an induction coil is provided on the inner side of the storage box, and both ends of the induction coil are fixedly installed through the inner wall of the storage box. The two ends of the induction coil are fixedly connected to a current detector. An alarm light is fixedly installed on the top of the current detector. A permanent magnet is coaxially provided on the inner side of the induction coil, and the two do not contact each other. The bottom of the permanent magnet is coaxially fixedly installed with the top of a connecting column, so that the permanent magnet can move inside the induction coil.

[0009] Preferably, a limiting ring is coaxially provided on the outer side of the annular groove in the middle of the connecting column. The limiting ring serves to prevent collisions. The side wall of the limiting ring is coaxially fixedly installed on the bottom inner wall of the storage box, and the inner diameter of the limiting ring is smaller than the maximum outer diameter of the connecting column. A pressure rod is coaxially fixedly connected to the bottom of the connecting column. The pressure rod has an "L" shaped structure, and a clamping plate is provided directly below the bottom surface of the pressure rod. A convex plate of the top of the winding is fitted between the bottom surface of the pressure rod and the upper surface of the clamping plate. Two positioning rods are slidably installed through the convex plate of the top of the winding. The upper end of the positioning rod is fixedly connected to the bottom surface of the pressure rod, and the lower end of the positioning rod is slidably installed through the clamping plate. The side of the clamping plate away from the positioning rod is detachably fixedly installed at the bottom of the pressure rod by fastening bolts, so that the positioning rod can drive the pressure rod to move.

[0010] Preferably, an inner ring plate is fixedly sleeved on the top side wall of the pressure rod, and an outer ring plate is coaxially arranged on the outer side of the inner ring plate. An annular rubber sleeve is fixedly connected between the inner edge of the outer ring plate and the outer edge of the inner ring plate. The outer ring plate is fixedly installed on the bottom surface of the loading plate by bolts provided at the outer edge, and a sealing ring is coaxially fixedly installed on the top of the outer ring plate. The sealing ring is tightly embedded in the bottom surface of the loading plate, so that the inner ring plate can drive the rubber sleeve to move.

[0011] Preferably, the upper port of the outer shell is fixedly installed at the bottom edge of the loading plate by bolts, and the bottom surface of the winding is attached to the bottom inner wall of the outer shell. The mounting plate is horizontally slidably embedded in the inner wall of the outer shell. Symmetrically distributed guide rails are fixedly installed on the inner wall of the outer shell, and the cross-section of the guide rails is an isosceles trapezoidal structure. The top of the guide rails slides through the mounting plate. Serving motors are fixedly embedded at equal intervals on the bottom surface of the outer shell, and a drive rod is fixedly installed on the output shaft of the servo motor. The drive rod rotates through the bottom of the outer shell and the winding, so that the mounting plate can move along the guide rails.

[0012] Preferably, a transmission gear is rotatably mounted on the inner wall of the docking frame, and a drive rod is slidably disposed through the axis of the transmission gear, and the drive rod is rotatably disposed through the docking frame. Symmetrically distributed protrusions are fixedly mounted on the inner wall of the transmission gear, and the protrusions are slidably embedded in the vertical grooves opened on the side wall of the drive rod, so that the drive rod can drive the transmission gear to rotate.

[0013] Preferably, the ring frame is sleeved on the outside of the corresponding winding, and the two ends of the ring frame are provided with through arc-shaped grooves. A toothed plate is slidably embedded in the arc-shaped groove at one end of the ring frame, and the toothed plate has an arc-shaped structure. A transmission gear is meshed on the outer side of one end of the toothed plate, and the end of the toothed plate is slidably mounted on the docking frame, so that the toothed plate can move on the ring frame.

[0014] Preferably, a temperature probe is slidably installed in the groove on the inner side of the ring frame, and adjacent temperature probes are connected by a connecting line. The head of the temperature probe is positioned facing the coil part of the winding. The end of the toothed plate is fixedly connected to a corresponding temperature probe to form a transmission structure, so that the toothed plate can drive the temperature probe to move.

[0015] The diagnostic method for transformer short-circuit fault detection devices includes the following steps:

[0016] S1: The transformer has three sets of coils inside. When a short circuit occurs in a coil at a certain position on the winding, the short-circuited coil will cause the corresponding convex plate on the top of the winding to vibrate abnormally. At this time, the convex plate on the winding will cause the corresponding pressure rod and clamping plate to vibrate abnormally. The pressure rod will drive the rubber sleeve to move accordingly through the inner ring plate, realizing multi-directional vibration capture. At this time, the connecting column at the top of the pressure rod will drive the permanent magnet to produce abnormal displacement.

[0017] S2: When the permanent magnet is abnormally displaced within the induction coil, the current detector will detect the abnormal current generated inside the induction coil. At this time, the device system will control the alarm light on the corresponding current detector to start, thereby locating the position of the coil where the short circuit has occurred on the winding.

[0018] S3: Next, the device system will control the drive motor to start. At this time, the drive motor will drive the mounting plate to move along the guide rail through the screw. The mounting plate will drive the docking frame and the ring frame to move along the coil on the winding.

[0019] S4: Simultaneously, the device system controls the servo motor to start, which drives the drive rod to rotate. The drive rod drives the transmission gear to rotate back and forth through the protrusion. At this time, the transmission gear drives the gear plate to move synchronously, and the gear plate drives the temperature probe and the connecting wire to move back and forth synchronously. This allows the temperature probe to perform all-round detection on the surface of the short-circuited coil on the winding. By judging the difference in temperature data, the short-circuit location on the coil can be determined, so that subsequent maintenance work of the transformer can be carried out.

[0020] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are: the fault detection device and diagnosis method for transformer short circuit faults enable unmanned, automatic, and real-time monitoring of the transformer's operating status. When a short circuit accident occurs in the transformer, the device can promptly collect relevant data and locate the short circuit position of the transformer's internal windings using the collected data, facilitating subsequent maintenance work. Simultaneously, it effectively reduces the safety risks of transformer operation. The specific details are as follows:

[0021] 1. An induction coil is installed inside the storage box. Both ends of the induction coil are fixedly inserted through the inner wall of the storage box and are fixedly connected to a current detector. An alarm light is fixedly installed on the top of the current detector. A permanent magnet is coaxially mounted inside the induction coil, but the two are not in contact. A connecting post is coaxially fixedly mounted on the bottom of the permanent magnet. A limit ring is coaxially mounted on the outer side of the annular groove in the middle of the connecting post to prevent collisions. A pressure rod is coaxially fixedly connected to the bottom of the connecting post. A clamping plate is installed directly below the bottom surface of the pressure rod. A protruding plate for the top of the winding is fitted between the bottom surface of the pressure rod and the upper surface of the clamping plate. Two positioning rods are slidably installed on the convex plate of the part. The upper end of the positioning rod is fixedly connected to the bottom surface of the pressure rod, and the lower end of the positioning rod is slidably installed on the clamping plate. When the corresponding coil position on the winding causes abnormal vibration due to short circuit, the corresponding convex plate on the winding will drive the corresponding pressure rod and clamping plate to vibrate abnormally. The connecting column at the top of the pressure rod will drive the permanent magnet to displace abnormally. When the permanent magnet displaces abnormally in the induction coil, the current detector will detect the abnormal current generated inside the induction coil. At this time, the device system will control the alarm light on the corresponding current detector to start, thereby locating the position of the coil on the winding that has short-circuited.

[0022] 2. The ring frame is sleeved on the outside of the corresponding winding. The two ends of the ring frame have through arc-shaped grooves. A toothed plate is slidably embedded in the arc-shaped groove at one end of the ring frame. The toothed plate has a circular arc structure. A transmission gear is meshed on the outer side of one end of the toothed plate. A temperature probe is slidably installed in the groove on the inner side of the ring frame. Adjacent temperature probes are connected by connecting wires. The head of the temperature probe is set towards the coil part of the winding. The end of the toothed plate is fixedly connected to the corresponding temperature probe to form a transmission structure, so that the transmission gear can drive the corresponding temperature probe box and connecting wire to move through the toothed plate, thereby realizing the all-round detection of the coil on the winding. Attached Figure Description

[0023] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall external structure of the present invention;

[0024] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the servo motor mounting structure of the present invention;

[0025] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the guide rail mounting structure of the present invention;

[0026] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the screw mounting structure of the present invention;

[0027] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the mounting structure of the docking frame of the present invention;

[0028] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the toothed plate mounting structure of the present invention;

[0029] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the transmission gear mounting structure of the present invention;

[0030] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the pressure bar mounting structure of the present invention;

[0031] Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of the clamping plate mounting structure of the present invention.

[0032] In the diagram: 1. Loading plate; 2. Primary detection mechanism; 201. Storage box; 202. Current detector; 203. Alarm light; 204. Induction coil; 205. Limiting ring; 3. Permanent magnet; 4. Connecting column; 5. Pressure rod; 6. Inner ring plate; 7. Rubber sleeve; 8. Outer ring plate; 9. Sealing ring; 10. Positioning rod; 11. Clamping plate; 12. Fastening bolt; 13. Drive motor; 14. Screw; 15. Mounting plate; 16. Guide rail; 17. Secondary detection mechanism; 1701. Connecting frame; 1702. Ring frame; 1703. Temperature probe; 1704. Connecting wire; 1705. Gear plate; 1706. Transmission gear; 1707. Protrusion; 18. Drive rod; 19. Servo motor; 20. Winding; 21. Housing. Detailed Implementation

[0033] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0034] Please see Figures 1-9 This invention provides a technical solution: a fault detection device and diagnostic method for transformer short-circuit faults, comprising:

[0035] The loading plate 1 further includes: a primary detection mechanism 2 with equal spacing is fixedly installed on the top of the loading plate 1. The primary detection mechanism 2 includes a storage box 201. The bottom of the storage box 201 is fixedly connected to the top of the loading plate 1. A current detector 202 is fixedly installed on the outer wall of the storage box 201. A drive motor 13 is fixedly embedded at the top edge of the loading plate 1. A screw 14 is fixedly installed on the output shaft of the drive motor 13. The screw 14 rotates through the bottom of the loading plate 1. The upper thread of the screw 14 passes through the middle of the mounting plate 15. A secondary detection mechanism 17 with equal spacing is fixedly installed on the side wall of the mounting plate 15. The secondary detection mechanism 17 includes a docking frame 1701. One end of the docking frame 1701 is fixedly connected to the side wall of the mounting plate 15. The other end of the docking frame 1701 is fixedly connected to a ring frame 1702. A winding 20 is fixedly installed on the bottom surface of the loading plate 1.

[0036] A limiting ring 205 is coaxially installed on the outer side of the annular groove in the middle of the connecting column 4. The limiting ring 205 serves to prevent collisions. The side wall of the limiting ring 205 is coaxially fixedly installed on the bottom inner wall of the storage box 201, and the inner diameter of the limiting ring 205 is smaller than the maximum outer diameter of the connecting column 4. A pressure rod 5 is coaxially fixedly connected to the bottom of the connecting column 4. The pressure rod 5 has an "L" shaped structure, and a clamping plate 11 is installed directly below the bottom surface of the pressure rod 5. A fitting is provided between the bottom surface of the pressure rod 5 and the upper surface of the clamping plate 11. Two positioning rods 10 are slidably disposed on the top convex plate of the winding 20. The upper end of the positioning rod 10 is fixedly connected to the bottom surface of the pressure rod 5, and the lower end of the positioning rod 10 is slidably disposed on the clamping plate 11. The side of the clamping plate 11 away from the positioning rod 10 is detachably fixedly installed on the bottom of the pressure rod 5 by fastening bolts 12, so that the positioning rod 10 can drive the pressure rod 5 to move, and the pressure rod 5 can drive the connecting column 4 to move. The top side wall of the pressure rod 5 is fixedly An inner ring plate 6 is fixedly provided, and an outer ring plate 8 is coaxially provided on the outer side of the inner ring plate 6. An annular rubber sleeve 7 is fixedly connected between the inner edge of the outer ring plate 8 and the outer edge of the inner ring plate 6. The outer ring plate 8 is fixedly installed on the bottom surface of the loading plate 1 by bolts provided at the outer edge. A sealing ring 9 is coaxially fixedly installed on the top of the outer ring plate 8. The sealing ring 9 is tightly embedded in the bottom surface of the loading plate 1. At this time, the pressure rod 5 will drive the inner ring plate 6 to move synchronously. An induction coil 204 is provided on the inner side of the storage box 201. The two ends of the induction coil 204 are fixedly installed through the inner wall of the storage box 201. The two ends of the induction coil 204 are fixedly connected to the current detector 202. An alarm light 203 is fixedly installed on the top of the current detector 202. A permanent magnet 3 is coaxially provided on the inner side of the induction coil 204. The two do not contact each other. The bottom of the permanent magnet 3 is coaxially fixedly installed with the top of the connecting column 4. At this time, the connecting column 4 will drive the permanent magnet 3 to move abnormally within the induction coil 204.

[0037] The upper port of the housing 21 is fixedly installed at the bottom edge of the loading plate 1 by bolts, and the bottom surface of the winding 20 is attached to the bottom inner wall of the housing 21. The mounting plate 15 is horizontally slidably embedded in the inner wall of the housing 21. Symmetrically distributed guide rails 16 are fixedly installed on the inner wall of the housing 21, and the cross section of the guide rails 16 is an isosceles trapezoidal structure. The top of the guide rails 16 slides through the mounting plate 15. Servo motors 19 are fixedly embedded at equal intervals on the bottom surface of the housing 21, and a drive rod 18 is fixedly installed on the output shaft of the servo motor 19. The drive rod 18 rotates through the bottom of the housing 21 and the winding 20, so that the mounting plate 15 can move along the guide rails 16.

[0038] A transmission gear 1706 is rotatably mounted on the inner wall of the docking frame 1701, and a drive rod 18 is slidably inserted through the axis of the transmission gear 1706. The drive rod 18 is rotatably inserted through the docking frame 1701. Symmetrically distributed protrusions 1707 are fixedly mounted on the inner wall of the transmission gear 1706, and the protrusions 1707 are slidably embedded in the vertical grooves opened on the side wall of the drive rod 18. The drive rod 18 drives the transmission gear 1706 to rotate through the protrusions 1707. The ring frame 1702 is sleeved on the outer side of the corresponding winding 20. The ring frame 1702 has through arc-shaped grooves at both ends, and a toothed plate 1705 is slidably embedded in the arc-shaped groove at one end of the ring frame 1702. Plate 1705 has an arc-shaped structure. A transmission gear 1706 is meshed on the outer side of one end of the toothed plate 1705. The end of the toothed plate 1705 is slidably mounted on the docking frame 1701. At this time, the transmission gear 1706 will drive the toothed plate 1705 to move back and forth synchronously. Since a temperature probe 1703 is slidably mounted in the groove on the inner side of the ring frame 1702, and adjacent temperature probes 1703 are connected by a connecting line 1704, and the head of the temperature probe 1703 is set towards the coil part of the winding 20, the end of the toothed plate 1705 is fixedly connected to the corresponding temperature probe 1703 to form a transmission structure. At this time, the toothed plate 1705 will drive the temperature probe 1703 to move synchronously.

[0039] The diagnostic method for transformer short-circuit fault detection devices includes the following steps:

[0040] S1: Three sets of coils are installed on the winding 20 inside the transformer. When a short circuit occurs in a coil at a certain position on the winding 20, the short-circuited coil will cause the corresponding convex plate on the top of the winding 20 to vibrate abnormally. At this time, the convex plate on the winding 20 will cause the corresponding pressure rod 5 and clamping plate 11 to vibrate abnormally. The pressure rod 5 will drive the rubber sleeve 7 to move accordingly through the inner ring plate 6, realizing multi-directional vibration capture. At this time, the connecting column 4 at the top of the pressure rod 5 will drive the permanent magnet 3 to produce abnormal displacement.

[0041] S2: When the permanent magnet 3 is abnormally displaced within the induction coil 204, the current detector 202 will detect the abnormal current generated inside the induction coil 204. At this time, the device system will control the alarm light 203 on the corresponding current detector 202 to start, thereby locating the position of the coil where the short circuit has occurred on the winding 20.

[0042] S3: Next, the device system will control the drive motor 13 to start. At this time, the drive motor 13 will drive the mounting plate 15 to move along the guide rail 16 through the screw 14. The mounting plate 15 will drive the docking frame 1701 and the ring frame 1702 to move along the coil on the winding 20.

[0043] S4: Simultaneously, the device system controls the servo motor 19 to start, which will drive the drive rod 18 to rotate. The drive rod 18 drives the transmission gear 1706 to reciprocate through the protrusion 1707. At this time, the transmission gear 1706 will drive the toothed plate 1705 to move synchronously. The toothed plate 1705 will drive the temperature probe 1703 and the connecting wire 1704 to move synchronously back and forth, so that the temperature probe 1703 can perform all-round detection on the surface of the short-circuited coil on the winding 20. By judging the difference in temperature data, the short-circuit location on the coil can be determined, so that the subsequent maintenance work of the transformer can be carried out.

[0044] In the description of this invention, unless otherwise stated, "a plurality of" means two or more; the terms "upper," "lower," "left," "right," "inner," "outer," "front end," "rear end," "head," "tail," etc., indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing the invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be construed as a limitation of the invention. Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," "third," etc., are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.

[0045] In the description of this invention, it should be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the terms "connected" and "linked" should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; they can refer to a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this invention based on the specific circumstances.

[0046] Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art can still modify the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments or make equivalent substitutions for some of the technical features. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A fault detection device for transformer short-circuit faults, comprising: The loading plate (1) is characterized in that it further includes: a primary detection mechanism (2) with equal spacing is fixedly installed on the top of the loading plate (1), the primary detection mechanism (2) includes a storage box (201), the bottom of the storage box (201) is fixedly connected to the top of the loading plate (1), and a current detector (202) is fixedly installed on the outer wall of the storage box (201), a drive motor (13) is fixedly embedded at the top edge of the loading plate (1), and a screw (14) is fixedly installed on the output shaft of the drive motor (13), and the screw (14) is fixedly installed on the output shaft of the drive motor (13). 4) A rotating part is installed at the bottom of the loading plate (1), and the upper thread of the screw (14) is installed in the middle of the mounting plate (15). The side wall of the mounting plate (15) is fixedly installed with secondary detection mechanisms (17) distributed at equal intervals. The secondary detection mechanism (17) includes a docking frame (1701). One end of the docking frame (1701) is fixedly connected to the side wall of the mounting plate (15), and the other end of the docking frame (1701) is fixedly connected to a ring frame (1702). A winding (20) is fixedly installed on the bottom surface of the loading plate (1).

2. The fault detection device for transformer short-circuit faults according to claim 1, characterized in that: An induction coil (204) is provided on the inner side of the storage box (201), and the two ends of the induction coil (204) are fixedly installed through the inner wall of the storage box (201). The two ends of the induction coil (204) are fixedly connected to the current detector (202). An alarm light (203) is fixedly installed on the top of the current detector (202). A permanent magnet (3) is coaxially provided on the inner side of the induction coil (204). The two do not contact each other. The bottom of the permanent magnet (3) is coaxially fixedly installed with the top of the connecting column (4).

3. The fault detection device for transformer short-circuit faults according to claim 2, characterized in that: A limiting ring (205) is coaxially provided on the outer side of the annular groove in the middle of the connecting column (4). The limiting ring (205) serves as an anti-collision function. The side wall of the limiting ring (205) is coaxially fixedly installed on the bottom inner wall of the storage box (201), and the inner diameter of the limiting ring (205) is smaller than the maximum outer diameter of the connecting column (4). A pressure rod (5) is coaxially fixedly connected to the bottom of the connecting column (4). The pressure rod (5) has an "L" shaped structure, and a clamping plate (11) is provided directly below the bottom surface of the pressure rod (5). A convex plate at the top of the winding (20) is fitted between the bottom surface of the pressure rod (5) and the upper surface of the clamping plate (11), and two positioning rods (10) are slidably connected through the convex plate at the top of the winding (20). The upper end of the positioning rod (10) is fixedly connected to the bottom surface of the pressure rod (5), and the lower end of the positioning rod (10) is slidably connected through the clamping plate (11). The side of the clamping plate (11) away from the positioning rod (10) is detachably fixedly installed at the bottom of the pressure rod (5) by fastening bolts (12).

4. The fault detection device for transformer short-circuit faults according to claim 3, characterized in that: An inner ring plate (6) is fixedly sleeved on the top side wall of the pressure rod (5), and an outer ring plate (8) is coaxially arranged on the outer side of the inner ring plate (6). An annular rubber sleeve (7) is fixedly connected between the inner edge of the outer ring plate (8) and the outer edge of the inner ring plate (6). The outer ring plate (8) is fixedly installed on the bottom surface of the loading plate (1) by bolts provided at the outer edge, and a sealing ring (9) is coaxially fixedly installed on the top of the outer ring plate (8). The sealing ring (9) is tightly embedded in the bottom surface of the loading plate (1).

5. The fault detection device for transformer short-circuit faults according to claim 1, characterized in that: The upper port of the outer shell (21) is fixedly installed at the bottom edge of the loading plate (1) by bolts, and the bottom surface of the winding (20) is attached to the bottom inner wall of the outer shell (21). The mounting plate (15) is horizontally slidably embedded in the inner wall of the outer shell (21). Symmetrically distributed guide rails (16) are fixedly installed on the inner wall of the outer shell (21), and the cross section of the guide rails (16) is an isosceles trapezoidal structure. The top of the guide rails (16) slides through the mounting plate (15). Equally spaced servo motors (19) are fixedly embedded on the bottom surface of the outer shell (21), and a drive rod (18) is fixedly installed on the output shaft of the servo motor (19). The drive rod (18) rotates through the bottom of the outer shell (21) and the winding (20).

6. The fault detection device for transformer short-circuit faults according to claim 1, characterized in that: A transmission gear (1706) is rotatably mounted on the inner wall of the docking frame (1701), and a drive rod (18) is slidably inserted through the axis of the transmission gear (1706). The drive rod (18) is rotatably inserted through the docking frame (1701). Symmetrically distributed protrusions (1707) are fixedly mounted on the inner wall of the transmission gear (1706), and the protrusions (1707) are slidably embedded in the vertical groove opened on the side wall of the drive rod (18).

7. The fault detection device for transformer short-circuit faults according to claim 1, characterized in that: The ring frame (1702) is sleeved on the outside of the corresponding winding (20). The ring frame (1702) has through arc-shaped grooves at both ends. A toothed plate (1705) is slidably embedded in the arc-shaped groove at one end of the ring frame (1702). The toothed plate (1705) has an arc-shaped structure. A transmission gear (1706) is meshed on the outer side of one end of the toothed plate (1705). The end of the toothed plate (1705) is slidably mounted on the docking frame (1701).

8. The fault detection device for transformer short-circuit faults according to claim 7, characterized in that: Temperature probes (1703) are slidably installed in the groove inside the ring frame (1702), and adjacent temperature probes (1703) are connected by connecting lines (1704). The head of the temperature probe (1703) is set towards the coil part of the winding (20), and the end of the toothed plate (1705) is fixedly connected to the corresponding temperature probe (1703) to form a transmission structure.

9. A diagnostic method for a transformer short-circuit fault detection device, using the transformer short-circuit fault detection device as described in any one of claims 1-8, characterized in that, The steps include the following: S1: Three sets of coils are installed on the winding (20) inside the transformer. When a short circuit occurs in a coil at a certain position on the winding (20), the short-circuited coil will cause the corresponding convex plate on the top of the winding (20) to vibrate abnormally. At this time, the convex plate on the winding (20) will cause the corresponding pressure rod (5) and clamp (11) to vibrate abnormally. The pressure rod (5) will drive the rubber sleeve (7) to move through the inner ring plate (6) to achieve multi-directional vibration capture. At this time, the connecting column (4) at the top of the pressure rod (5) will drive the permanent magnet (3) to produce abnormal displacement. S2: When the permanent magnet (3) is abnormally displaced in the induction coil (204), the current detector (202) will detect the abnormal current generated inside the induction coil (204). At this time, the device system will control the alarm light (203) on the corresponding current detector (202) to start, thereby locating the position of the coil where the short circuit occurred on the winding (20). S3: Then the device system will control the drive motor (13) to start. At this time, the drive motor (13) will drive the mounting plate (15) to move along the guide rail (16) through the screw (14). The mounting plate (15) will drive the docking frame (1701) and the ring frame (1702) to move along the coil on the winding (20). S4: At the same time, the device system controls the servo motor (19) to start. The servo motor (19) will drive the drive rod (18) to rotate. The drive rod (18) drives the transmission gear (1706) to reciprocate through the protrusion (1707). At this time, the transmission gear (1706) will drive the tooth plate (1705) to move synchronously. The tooth plate (1705) will drive the temperature probe (1703) and the connecting wire (1704) to move synchronously back and forth, so that the temperature probe (1703) can perform all-round detection on the short-circuit coil surface on the winding (20). The short-circuit position on the coil can be determined by the difference in temperature data, so that the subsequent maintenance work of the transformer can be carried out.

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