An air vane positioning drilling tool and a positioning drilling method thereof

Abstract

The application provides an air rudder positioning drilling tool and a positioning drilling method thereof, which are used for drilling installation holes of rudder bearing bases on a ship deck, and the tool comprises a tool connecting plate, an upper ear plate fixedly connected to one side of the tool connecting plate, and a lower ear plate fixedly connected to the same side of the tool connecting plate and arranged in a spaced manner with the upper ear plate, a plurality of tool bolt holes are formed in the upper ear plate and the lower ear plate, the positions of the tool bolt holes correspond to the positions of bolt holes on a rudder body of the air rudder one by one, a sample shaft hole is formed in the tool connecting plate, and an axis of the sample shaft hole coincides with a center line of a rudder shaft of the air rudder. According to the technical scheme, the correct installation position of the air rudder is ensured, and quick and accurate drilling of the rudder bearing base is realized through simple operation, so that the production cost is reduced, the construction efficiency is improved, and the quality and performance of the air cushion vehicle are ensured.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of shipbuilding and machining technology, and specifically relates to an air rudder positioning drilling fixture and its positioning drilling method. Background Technology

[0002] A hovercraft is a vessel that relies on an air cushion formed beneath its hull to lift off the water and travel at high speeds. Its air rudder is a key component for controlling its course. The air rudder is mounted on a rudder bearing base behind the propeller tower at the rear of the hull deck, and its installation precision directly determines the vessel's maneuverability and navigation safety.

[0003] In existing technologies, drilling for air rudder bearing bases typically employs a "physical alignment method": first, the air rudder body is hoisted to the installation location; then, multiple people work together to adjust the rudder's attitude so that the bolt holes on the rudder body align with the positions to be machined on the bearing base; next, the drilling positions are marked on the base; then, the heavy rudder body is hoisted away; and finally, drilling is performed according to the marks. Because air rudders are large and extremely heavy (typically hundreds of kilograms or even several tons), and the installation space is narrow, adjustments are difficult, increasing the complexity of construction and safety risks.

[0004] Therefore, how to provide an air rudder positioning drilling fixture and its positioning drilling method, which can ensure the correct installation position of the air rudder while achieving rapid and accurate drilling of the rudder bearing base through simple operation, thereby reducing production costs, improving construction efficiency, and ensuring the quality and performance of hovercraft, has become an urgent technical problem to be solved. Summary of the Invention

[0005] This invention provides an air rudder positioning drilling fixture and a method for positioning drilling, which can achieve rapid and accurate drilling of the rudder bearing base through simple operation while ensuring the correct installation position of the air rudder, thereby reducing production costs, improving construction efficiency, and ensuring the quality and performance of the hovercraft.

[0006] In one embodiment of the present invention, an air rudder positioning drilling fixture is provided for drilling mounting holes for rudder bearing bases on the hull deck. The fixture includes: Tooling connection plate; The upper ear plate is fixedly connected to one side of the tooling connecting plate; The lower ear plate is fixedly connected to the same side of the tooling connecting plate and is spaced apart from the upper ear plate; Both the upper and lower ear plates are provided with multiple tooling bolt holes, and the positions of the tooling bolt holes correspond one-to-one with the positions of the bolt holes on the air rudder body. The tooling connecting plate is provided with a sample shaft hole, and the axis of the sample shaft hole coincides with the center line of the rudder shaft of the air rudder.

[0007] Furthermore, the upper ear plate and the lower ear plate are arranged in parallel and are both perpendicular to the tooling connecting plate; The upper ear plate and the lower ear plate each have six tooling bolt holes, and the distribution of the six tooling bolt holes on each ear plate is the same as the distribution of the corresponding bolt holes on the air rudder body.

[0008] Furthermore, the sample shaft hole is a circular through hole that penetrates the thickness of the tooling connecting plate and is located at the geometric center of the tooling connecting plate; and the center of the sample shaft hole coincides with the center of symmetry between the upper ear plate and the lower ear plate.

[0009] Furthermore, the tooling also includes multiple set screws; The set screw is disposed on the tooling connecting plate, the upper ear plate or the lower ear plate; The number of set screws is four, which are respectively arranged in the four directions of the tooling connection plate: up, down, left, and right. They are used to tighten and fix the tooling to the hull structure after the tooling is aligned with the center line of the rudder system.

[0010] Furthermore, the tooling connecting plate is a rectangular flat plate, and the upper ear plate and the lower ear plate are welded or integrally formed on the same side of the tooling connecting plate; The vertical distance between the upper ear plate and the lower ear plate is equal to the design distance between the corresponding two sets of bolt holes on the air rudder body, and its tolerance range is ±0.5mm; the lower edge of the tooling connecting plate is provided with a height reference surface, which is used to compare with the height of the tooling from the deck surface required by the drawing.

[0011] In another embodiment of the present invention, a method for positioning and drilling a rudder bearing base using an air rudder positioning drilling fixture is provided. Based on the air rudder positioning drilling fixture described in any of the above claims, the method includes: S101. Move the tooling to the rear of the propeller tower of the ship; S102. Draw a steel wire or project a laser beam according to the center line of the rudder system, adjust the position of the tooling so that the steel wire or laser beam passes through the spindle hole on the tooling connecting plate, and complete the alignment of the tooling with the center line of the rudder system. S103. Adjust the tooling to the preset height from the deck surface according to the height requirements in the drawings; S104. Fix the tooling after it has been aligned and heightened; S105. Using the fixed tooling as a template, mark the positions to be drilled on the upper and lower rudder bearing bases; S106. Remove the tooling and drill the rudder bearing base according to the marked position.

[0012] Further, in step S104, the tooling is tightened and fixed to the hull structure by means of set screws on the tooling, specifically including: first locking the two set screws in the horizontal direction to limit the lateral displacement, and then locking the two set screws in the vertical direction to limit the vertical displacement.

[0013] Further, in step S105, marking the location of the hole to be drilled specifically involves marking the center point or outline of the mounting bolt hole on the rudder bearing base through the tooling bolt holes on the upper and lower ear plates.

[0014] Furthermore, in step S102, after aligning the tooling with the center line of the rudder system, the method further includes a verification step: By observing the gap between the steel wire or laser beam and the hole wall from both ends of the sample shaft hole, it can be confirmed that the gap is uniform around the perimeter, thereby confirming the centering accuracy.

[0015] Furthermore, in step S103, adjusting the tooling to a preset height from the deck surface is achieved by inserting a standard pad or a height measuring ruler between the bottom of the tooling and the deck surface. The preset height is determined based on the air rudder installation drawings.

[0016] The beneficial effects of this invention are as follows: As can be seen from the above scheme, the embodiments of the present invention provide an air rudder positioning drilling fixture and a method for positioning and drilling holes, used to drill mounting holes for rudder bearing bases on the hull deck, including: a fixture connecting plate; an upper ear plate, which is fixedly connected to one side of the fixture connecting plate; a lower ear plate, which is fixedly connected to the same side of the fixture connecting plate and spaced apart from the upper ear plate; both the upper ear plate and the lower ear plate have multiple fixture bolt holes, the positions of which correspond one-to-one with the positions of the bolt holes on the air rudder body; the fixture connecting plate has a template hole, the axis of which coincides with the center line of the air rudder shaft. The technical solution of the present invention can ensure the correct installation position of the air rudder while achieving rapid and accurate drilling of the rudder bearing base through simple operation, thereby reducing production costs, improving construction efficiency, and ensuring the quality and performance of the hovercraft. Attached Figure Description

[0017] Figure 1 This is a top view of an air rudder positioning drilling fixture according to the present invention; Figure 2 This is a side view of an air rudder positioning drilling fixture according to the present invention; In the diagram, 1 is the tooling connecting plate; 2 is the tooling upper ear plate; 3 is the tooling lower ear plate; 4 is the tooling bolt hole; and 5 is the template hole. Detailed Implementation

[0018] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this invention clearer, the technical solutions of the embodiments of this invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some, not all, of the embodiments of this invention. Based on the embodiments of this invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of this invention.

[0019] like Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, Figure 1 This is a top view of an air rudder positioning drilling fixture according to the present invention; Figure 2 This is a side view of an air rudder positioning drilling fixture according to the present invention.

[0020] Figure 1 In this invention, an air rudder positioning drilling fixture has multiple fixture bolt holes 4 on the upper ear plate 2 and the lower ear plate 3. The fixture bolt holes 4 are through holes, and their axial direction is perpendicular to the surface of the ear plate.

[0021] The number, diameter, distribution position, and spacing of the tooling bolt holes 4 on the upper ear plate 2 are completely consistent with the corresponding bolt holes on the aerodynamic rudder body. Similarly, the tooling bolt holes 4 on the lower ear plate 3 also correspond one-to-one with the bolt holes on the lower part of the aerodynamic rudder body. In this embodiment, each ear plate has 6 tooling bolt holes 4, arranged in a matrix of two rows and three columns.

[0022] like Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, a spindle hole 5 is provided at the center of the tooling connecting plate 1. The spindle hole 5 is a circular through hole that penetrates the thickness of the tooling connecting plate 1.

[0023] The axis of the prototype shaft hole 5 is aligned with the center line of the rudder shaft of the air rudder. During use, a steel wire or laser beam is passed through the prototype shaft hole 5 to simulate the center line of the rudder shaft. The prototype shaft hole 5 is located at the geometric center of the tooling connecting plate 1, and the center of the prototype shaft hole 5 coincides with the center of symmetry between the upper ear plate 2 and the lower ear plate 3.

[0024] In a preferred embodiment, the tooling further includes four set screws. The set screws are respectively threaded onto the upper edge, lower edge, left edge, and right edge of the tooling connecting plate 1. The axis of the set screws is perpendicular to the surface of the tooling connecting plate 1, and their front ends can extend outward through the connecting plate to tighten the hull structure.

[0025] In the installed state, the tooling connecting plate 1 serves as the base, with the upper lug plate 2 and lower lug plate 3 extending out to one side. During use, the entire tooling is aligned with the rudder system centerline via the spindle hole 5, and then fixed to the hull structure using set screws or temporary clamps. At this point, the positions of the upper lug plate 2 and lower lug plate 3 represent the theoretical positions of the bolt holes on the air rudder body. Operators can directly mark and drill holes on the rudder bearing base through the tooling bolt holes 4. In one embodiment of the present invention, an air rudder positioning drilling fixture is used to drill mounting holes for rudder bearing bases on the hull deck, the fixture comprising: Tooling connection plate; The upper ear plate is fixedly connected to one side of the tooling connecting plate; The lower ear plate is fixedly connected to the same side of the tooling connecting plate and is spaced apart from the upper ear plate; Both the upper and lower ear plates are provided with multiple tooling bolt holes, and the positions of the tooling bolt holes correspond one-to-one with the positions of the bolt holes on the air rudder body. The tooling connecting plate is provided with a sample shaft hole, and the axis of the sample shaft hole coincides with the center line of the rudder shaft of the air rudder.

[0026] In this embodiment of the invention, an air rudder positioning drilling fixture uses upper and lower lugs to simulate the connection interface between the rudder body and the base, and a sample shaft hole to simulate the rudder shaft centerline, achieving the core innovation of "replacing the heavy rudder body with a lightweight fixture." The fixture can be easily moved manually by operators (requiring only two people), completely avoiding the tediousness and risks of repeatedly hoisting the rudder body. This fixture has a compact structure and is lightweight, fundamentally solving the technical problems of low efficiency, high cost, and safety issues inherent in existing technologies.

[0027] In one embodiment of the present invention, the upper ear plate and the lower ear plate are arranged in parallel and both are perpendicular to the tooling connecting plate; The upper ear plate and the lower ear plate each have six tooling bolt holes, and the distribution of the six tooling bolt holes on each ear plate is the same as the distribution of the corresponding bolt holes on the air rudder body.

[0028] This constraint ensures that the fixture can accurately reproduce the spatial geometry between the rudder and the base—parallel and perpendicular constraints guarantee the correct orientation of the holes in the two-dimensional plane, while the identical distribution of the six bolt holes ensures the positional accuracy of each bolt hole. Compared to existing technologies that rely on visual inspection or measurement for alignment each time, this fixture provides a "template-based" precise replication, reducing positioning errors from the millimeter level to a fraction of a millimeter.

[0029] In another embodiment of the present invention, the sample shaft hole is a circular through hole penetrating the thickness of the tooling connecting plate, and is located at the geometric center of the tooling connecting plate; and the center of the sample shaft hole coincides with the center of symmetry between the upper ear plate and the lower ear plate. The circular through-hole facilitates the passage of steel wire or laser beam, and its location at the geometric center ensures balanced force and prevents deflection during tooling adjustment and alignment. The coincidence of the center of symmetry between the template hole and the lug plate means that when the template hole is aligned with the rudder system centerline, all bolt holes on the lug plate are naturally in their theoretically required positions, eliminating the need for additional calculations or calibrations. Compared to the cumbersome process of "coarse adjustment of the rudder body, then fine adjustment, and then measurement" in existing technologies, this achieves highly efficient positioning with "one-time alignment, all in place."

[0030] In another embodiment of the present invention, the tooling further includes a plurality of set screws; The set screw is disposed on the tooling connecting plate, the upper ear plate or the lower ear plate; The number of set screws is four, which are respectively arranged in the four directions of the tooling connection plate: up, down, left, and right. They are used to tighten and fix the tooling to the hull structure after the tooling is aligned with the center line of the rudder system.

[0031] By using bidirectional (horizontal + vertical) locking screws, the tooling can be firmly pressed onto the hull structure, completely eliminating minor displacements during construction. Independent adjustment in four directions allows for fine-tuning of the tooling's final orientation, further improving positioning accuracy. This feature upgrades the tooling from a "centering tool" to a "fixed template," ensuring the reliability of the marking operation.

[0032] In another embodiment of the present invention, the tooling connecting plate is a rectangular flat plate, and the upper ear plate and the lower ear plate are welded or integrally formed on the same side of the tooling connecting plate; The vertical distance between the upper ear plate and the lower ear plate is equal to the design distance between the corresponding two sets of bolt holes on the air rudder body, and its tolerance range is ±0.5mm; the lower edge of the tooling connecting plate is provided with a height reference surface, which is used to compare with the height of the tooling from the deck surface required by the drawing.

[0033] Welding or one-piece molding ensures the structural rigidity of the tooling and its dimensional stability during long-term use; strict tolerance ranges ensure that mass-produced tooling can meet the high-precision requirements of air rudder installation; and the height reference surface provides an intuitive height reference for on-site construction. Combined with the ground clearance required by the drawings, workers can quickly complete height positioning without complex measuring tools. These three constraints collectively enhance the tooling's adaptability to industrial production and its convenience for on-site construction, representing a significant improvement over existing technologies that require "re-measuring the height for each hoisting operation."

[0034] In another embodiment of the present invention, a method for positioning and drilling a rudder bearing base using an air rudder positioning drilling fixture is provided. Based on the air rudder positioning drilling fixture described in any of the above claims, the method includes: S101. Move the tooling to the rear of the propeller tower of the ship; S102. Draw a steel wire or project a laser beam according to the center line of the rudder system, adjust the position of the tooling so that the steel wire or laser beam passes through the spindle hole on the tooling connecting plate, and complete the alignment of the tooling with the center line of the rudder system. S103. Adjust the tooling to the preset height from the deck surface according to the height requirements in the drawings; S104. Fix the tooling after it has been aligned and heightened; S105. Using the fixed tooling as a template, mark the positions to be drilled on the upper and lower rudder bearing bases; S106. Remove the tooling and drill the rudder bearing base according to the marked position.

[0035] In another embodiment of the present invention, in step S104, the tooling is tightened and fixed to the hull structure by means of set screws provided on the tooling, specifically including: first locking two set screws in the horizontal direction to limit lateral displacement, and then locking two set screws in the vertical direction to limit vertical displacement.

[0036] In another embodiment of the present invention, in step S105, marking the position of the hole to be drilled specifically involves marking the center point or outline of the mounting bolt hole on the rudder bearing base through the tooling bolt holes on the upper and lower ear plates.

[0037] In another embodiment of the present invention, after aligning the tooling with the center line of the rudder system in step S102, the method further includes a verification step: By observing the gap between the steel wire or laser beam and the hole wall from both ends of the sample shaft hole, it can be confirmed that the gap is uniform around the perimeter, thereby confirming the centering accuracy.

[0038] In another embodiment of the present invention, in step S103, adjusting the tooling to a preset height from the deck surface is achieved by inserting a standard pad or a measuring height gauge between the bottom of the tooling and the deck surface, wherein the preset height is determined according to the air rudder installation drawings.

[0039] In this embodiment of the invention, there is no need to repeatedly hoist the air rudder; all marking operations can be completed in a single tooling positioning, reducing construction time by approximately 70%. The tooling is lightweight, requiring only two people to operate, and no crane is needed, reducing manpower input by more than 50%. It avoids the hovering and repeated movement of heavy rudder bodies in the air, eliminating the risk of collisions and falls. Through template-based positioning and alignment using threaded alignment of the sample shaft holes, the hole position error is controlled within ±0.5mm, meeting high-precision installation requirements. In this embodiment of the invention, the tooling structure is simple, easy to manufacture and maintain; it can be used with both traditional steel wire and laser beams, making it suitable for various shipyard conditions.

[0040] This invention provides an air rudder positioning drilling fixture and a method for drilling mounting holes for rudder bearing bases on a ship's deck. The fixture includes: a fixture connecting plate; an upper lug plate fixedly connected to one side of the fixture connecting plate; and a lower lug plate fixedly connected to the same side of the fixture connecting plate and spaced apart from the upper lug plate. Both the upper and lower lug plates have multiple fixture bolt holes, the positions of which correspond one-to-one with the bolt holes on the air rudder body. The fixture connecting plate also has a template hole, the axis of which coincides with the center line of the air rudder shaft.

[0041] The technical solution of this invention can achieve rapid and accurate drilling of the rudder bearing base through simple operation while ensuring the correct installation position of the air rudder, thereby reducing production costs, improving construction efficiency, and ensuring the quality and performance of the hovercraft.

[0042] The above are preferred embodiments of the present invention. It should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, several improvements and modifications can be made without departing from the principle of the present invention, and these improvements and modifications should also be considered within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A drilling fixture for positioning air rudders, used for drilling mounting holes for rudder bearing bases on the deck of a ship, characterized in that, The tooling includes: Tooling connection plate; The upper ear plate is fixedly connected to one side of the tooling connecting plate; The lower ear plate is fixedly connected to the same side of the tooling connecting plate and is spaced apart from the upper ear plate; Both the upper and lower ear plates are provided with multiple tooling bolt holes, and the positions of the tooling bolt holes correspond one-to-one with the positions of the bolt holes on the air rudder body. The tooling connecting plate is provided with a sample shaft hole, and the axis of the sample shaft hole coincides with the center line of the rudder shaft of the air rudder.

2. The air rudder positioning drilling fixture according to claim 1, characterized in that, The upper ear plate and the lower ear plate are arranged in parallel and are both perpendicular to the tooling connecting plate; The upper ear plate and the lower ear plate each have six tooling bolt holes, and the distribution of the six tooling bolt holes on each ear plate is the same as the distribution of the corresponding bolt holes on the air rudder body.

3. The air rudder positioning drilling fixture according to claim 1, characterized in that, The sample shaft hole is a circular through hole that penetrates the thickness of the tooling connecting plate and is located at the geometric center of the tooling connecting plate; and the center of the sample shaft hole coincides with the center of symmetry between the upper ear plate and the lower ear plate.

4. The air rudder positioning drilling fixture according to claim 1, characterized in that, The tooling also includes multiple set screws; The set screw is disposed on the tooling connecting plate, the upper ear plate or the lower ear plate; The number of set screws is four, which are respectively arranged in the four directions of the tooling connection plate: up, down, left, and right. They are used to tighten and fix the tooling to the hull structure after the tooling is aligned with the center line of the rudder system.

5. The air rudder positioning drilling fixture according to claim 1, characterized in that, The tooling connecting plate is a rectangular flat plate, and the upper ear plate and the lower ear plate are welded or integrally formed on the same side of the tooling connecting plate; The vertical distance between the upper ear plate and the lower ear plate is equal to the design distance between the corresponding two sets of bolt holes on the air rudder body, and its tolerance range is ±0.5mm; the lower edge of the tooling connecting plate is provided with a height reference surface, which is used to compare with the height of the tooling from the deck surface required by the drawing.

6. A method for drilling positioning holes in a rudder bearing base using an air rudder positioning drilling fixture, based on an air rudder positioning drilling fixture as described in any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that... The method includes: S101. Move the tooling to the rear of the propeller tower of the ship; S102. Draw a steel wire or project a laser beam according to the center line of the rudder system, adjust the position of the tooling so that the steel wire or laser beam passes through the spindle hole on the tooling connecting plate, and complete the alignment of the tooling with the center line of the rudder system. S103. Adjust the tooling to the preset height from the deck surface according to the height requirements in the drawings; S104. Fix the tooling after it has been aligned and heightened; S105. Using the fixed tooling as a template, mark the positions to be drilled on the upper and lower rudder bearing bases; S106. Remove the tooling and drill the rudder bearing base according to the marked position.

7. The method for drilling positioning holes for a rudder bearing base using an air rudder positioning drilling fixture according to claim 6, characterized in that, In step S104, the tooling is tightened and fixed to the hull structure by means of the set screws set on the tooling. Specifically, this includes: first locking the two set screws in the horizontal direction to limit the lateral displacement, and then locking the two set screws in the vertical direction to limit the vertical displacement.

8. A method for drilling positioning holes for a rudder bearing base using an air rudder positioning drilling fixture according to claim 6, characterized in that, In step S105, marking the location of the hole to be drilled specifically involves marking the center point or outline of the mounting bolt hole on the rudder bearing base through the tooling bolt holes on the upper and lower ear plates.

9. A method for drilling positioning holes for a rudder bearing base using an air rudder positioning drilling fixture according to claim 6, characterized in that, In step S102, after aligning the tooling with the center line of the rudder system, the method further includes a verification step: By observing the gap between the steel wire or laser beam and the hole wall from both ends of the sample shaft hole, it can be confirmed that the gap is uniform around the perimeter, thereby confirming the centering accuracy.

10. A method for drilling positioning holes for a rudder bearing base using an air rudder positioning drilling fixture according to claim 6, characterized in that, In step S103, adjusting the tooling to a preset height from the deck surface is achieved by inserting a standard pad or a height measuring ruler between the bottom of the tooling and the deck surface. The preset height is determined according to the air rudder installation drawings.

Images