Multi-degree-of-freedom variable-angle wind and sand erosion test box

Abstract

The present application relates to the field of wind and sand erosion test box, and specifically provides a multi-degree-of-freedom variable-angle wind and sand erosion test box, which comprises a body, a rotating table, a clamping piece, a power piece and a clutch piece, a test cavity is arranged in the body, the rotating table is located in the test cavity, the rotating table comprises a first bevel gear and a second bevel gear arranged in mirror image, a planetary gear is meshed and connected between the first bevel gear and the second bevel gear, and the first bevel gear and the second bevel gear are both rotationally connected to the body; the clamping piece is fixedly connected to the planetary gear; the power piece is used for driving the first bevel gear to rotate; the clutch piece is used for locking the first bevel gear and the second bevel gear or the second bevel gear and the body and switching between the two locking states; the present application realizes continuous adjustment of the axis of the planetary gear through the differential gear mechanism, so that the workpiece realizes rotation and revolution, thereby realizing multi-angle arbitrary adjustment.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of wind and sand erosion test chambers, and more particularly to a multi-degree-of-freedom variable-angle wind and sand erosion test chamber. Background Technology

[0002] In the research and development of coatings in special fields, wind and sand resistance is an important indicator of the coating. The wind and sand resistance of the coating is generally verified by using a wind and sand erosion test chamber.

[0003] Current testing methods for the wind and sand erosion resistance of coatings have certain limitations. Most existing wind and sand erosion testing equipment can only perform erosion tests from a single angle, failing to simulate the impact of wind and sand on workpieces from different angles in real-world environments. In practical applications, the impact angle of wind and sand on workpieces is complex and variable. The results of single-angle erosion tests cannot accurately reflect the coating's wind and sand resistance performance in real-world environments, leading to significant discrepancies between test results and actual conditions, making it difficult to effectively guide coating research and optimization. Therefore, this application proposes a multi-degree-of-freedom variable-angle wind and sand erosion test chamber. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of this invention is to provide a multi-degree-of-freedom variable-angle wind and sand erosion test chamber to solve the problem that current wind and sand erosion test chambers can only be used for testing at a specific angle.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution: A multi-degree-of-freedom variable-angle wind and sand erosion test chamber includes a main body, within which a test chamber is provided. The wind and sand erosion test chamber further includes: A rotary table located inside the test chamber includes a first bevel gear and a second bevel gear arranged in a mirror image. A planetary gear is meshed between the first bevel gear and the second bevel gear. Both the first bevel gear and the second bevel gear are rotatably connected to the main body. The first bevel gear, the second bevel gear, and the planetary gear constitute a differential gear train. A clamping element is fixedly connected to the planetary gear to rotate with the planetary gear and is used to clamp the workpiece; A power component, used to drive the first bevel gear to rotate; The clutch is used to engage the first bevel gear and the second bevel gear or the second bevel gear and the body, and to switch between two engagement states.

[0006] Furthermore, the first bevel gear is rotatably connected to the body via a first rotating shaft that passes through the test chamber. The second bevel gear is rotatably connected to the body via a rotating tube that is sleeved on the first rotating shaft, with one end of the first rotating shaft near the rotating tube located on the outside of the rotating tube. The clutch includes: A first friction plate is slidably connected to the rotating tube; The second friction plate and the third friction plate are respectively fixedly connected to the first rotating shaft and the rotating tube; A switching element is used to drive the first friction plate to slide so that it abuts against the second friction plate or the third friction plate.

[0007] Furthermore, the first friction plate is doped with magnetic material, and the second and third friction plates respectively contain a first electromagnet and a second electromagnet. The ends of the first and second electromagnets, which are arranged opposite each other, attract the first friction plate when energized.

[0008] Furthermore, limit springs are provided at both ends of the first friction plate, and the ends of the limit springs abut against the first friction plate and the rotating tube.

[0009] Furthermore, the switching element includes: A shift fork, which is rotatably connected to the first friction plate and has limit structures on both sides of the first friction plate; A telescopic component is fixedly connected to the shift fork, and the telescopic direction of the telescopic component is parallel to the axis of the first bevel gear. The telescopic component is fixedly connected to the body.

[0010] Furthermore, a first outer shell is fitted around the first bevel gear and the first rotating shaft, the first rotating shaft is rotatably connected to the first outer shell, and the end of the first outer shell away from the first bevel gear is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the test chamber. A second outer shell is fitted around the second bevel gear and the rotating tube. The rotating tube is rotatably connected to the second outer shell. The end of the second outer shell away from the second bevel gear is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the test chamber. A rotating shell is provided between the first outer shell and the second outer shell. The rotating shell is rotatably connected to the first outer shell and the second outer shell and seals the ends of the first outer shell and the second outer shell. The planetary gear is rotatably connected to the rotating shell and the shaft of the planetary gear passes through the rotating shell.

[0011] Furthermore, the power component drives the first bevel gear to rotate via a worm gear structure.

[0012] Furthermore, a rotating seat is provided between the first bevel gear and the second bevel gear, the rotating seat is rotatably connected to the first bevel gear and the second bevel gear, and the three are coaxially arranged, and the planetary gear is rotatably connected to the rotating seat.

[0013] Furthermore, the top of the test chamber is provided with a waist-shaped hole, the extension direction of which is perpendicular to the axis of the first bevel gear, and a sand outlet is provided inside the waist-shaped hole. The body includes: A sand circulation unit is used to drive a sand-laden airflow to exit from the sand outlet and blow it toward the clamping member; A linear displacement unit is used to drive the sand outlet to move along the extension direction of the waist-shaped hole to change the position of the sand outlet; The bottom of the test chamber is provided with a recovery hole, which is connected to the wind and sand circulation unit through a pipeline structure.

[0014] Furthermore, the wind and sand erosion test chamber also includes: Inclination testing components are used to detect the inclination angle of a workpiece. The body is also provided with a control component, which controls the operation of the linear displacement unit based on the detection result of the tilt angle detection component, so that the sand outlet is directly opposite the center of the clamping component.

[0015] In summary, the present invention has the following advantages compared with the prior art: The multi-degree-of-freedom variable-angle wind and sand erosion test chamber disclosed in this invention achieves continuous adjustment of the planetary gear axis through a differential gear mechanism, so that the workpiece can not only rotate around its own axis, but also revolve in the vertical plane, thereby realizing arbitrary adjustment of multiple angles, accurately simulating the complex and varied impact angles in the real wind and sand environment, and improving the reliability and authenticity of the wind and sand erosion test. Attached Figure Description

[0016] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the multi-degree-of-freedom variable-angle wind and sand erosion test chamber disclosed in Embodiment 1 of the present invention.

[0017] Figure 2 This is a side view of the multi-degree-of-freedom variable-angle wind and sand erosion test chamber disclosed in Embodiment 1 of the present invention.

[0018] Figure 3 for Figure 2 Sectional view of AA.

[0019] Figure 4 for Figure 3 A magnified view of a section at point I.

[0020] Figure 5 for Figure 3 A magnified view of a section at point II.

[0021] Figure 6 This is a top view of the internal structure of the multi-degree-of-freedom variable-angle wind and sand erosion test chamber disclosed in Embodiment 1 of the present invention.

[0022] Figure 7 for Figure 6 A cross-sectional view of BB.

[0023] Figure 8 This is an isometric view of the clutch component of the multi-degree-of-freedom variable-angle wind and sand erosion test chamber disclosed in Embodiment 1 of the present invention.

[0024] Figure 9 This is an isometric view of the dynamic components of the multi-degree-of-freedom variable-angle wind and sand erosion test chamber disclosed in Embodiment 1 of the present invention.

[0025] Figure 10 This is an isometric view of the test chamber of the multi-degree-of-freedom variable-angle wind and sand erosion test chamber disclosed in Embodiment 1 of the present invention.

[0026] Figure 11 This is a schematic diagram of the clutch component in the multi-degree-of-freedom variable-angle wind and sand erosion test chamber disclosed in Embodiment 2 of the present invention.

[0027] Figure 12 This is a full cross-sectional view of the clutch component in the multi-degree-of-freedom variable-angle wind and sand erosion test chamber disclosed in Embodiment 2 of the present invention.

[0028] Figure label: 100. Housing; 101. Test Chamber; 102. Equipment Chamber; 103. Sealed Door; 104. Enclosure; 105. Fixing Base; 110. Control Panel; 200. Rotary Table; 201. First Bevel Gear; 202. Second Bevel Gear; 203. Planetary Gear; 204. Rotating Seat; 210. First Rotating Shaft; 220. Rotating Tube; 230. First Outer Shell; 240. Second Outer Shell; 250. Rotating Shell; 251. First Half-Shell; 252. Second Half-Shell; 300. Clamping Component; 400. Power Component; 410. Worm Gear; 420. Worm Wheel; 430. Drive Motor; 50. 0. Clutch; 510. First friction plate; 511. Friction seat; 520. Second friction plate; 521. First electromagnet; 530. Third friction plate; 531. Friction back plate; 532. Second electromagnet; 540. Shift fork; 550. Telescopic component; 551. Screw; 552. Telescopic motor; 560. Limiting spring; 570. Retaining ring; 580. Elastic retaining ring; 600. Sand and dust circulation unit; 601. Return air duct; 602. Fixed pipe; 603. First right-angle pipe; 604. Second right-angle pipe; 700. Linear displacement unit; 701. Clamp; 702. Dust baffle. Detailed Implementation

[0029] The technical solutions of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings of the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the present invention without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0030] Example 1: Figures 1 to 3 As shown, an embodiment of the present invention provides a multi-degree-of-freedom variable-angle wind and sand erosion test chamber, including a main body, a rotating table 200, a clamping member 300, a power member 400, and a clutch member 500. A test chamber 101 is provided inside the main body, and the rotating table 200 is located within the test chamber 101. The rotating table 200 includes a first bevel gear 201 and a second bevel gear 202 arranged in mirror images. A planetary gear 203 meshes between the first bevel gear 201 and the second bevel gear 202. The second bevel gear 202 is rotatably connected to the body. The first bevel gear 201, the second bevel gear 202, and the planetary gear 203 constitute a differential gear train. The clamping member 300 is fixedly connected to the planetary gear 203 to rotate with the planetary gear 203 and is used to clamp the workpiece. The power member 400 is used to drive the first bevel gear 201 to rotate. The clutch member 500 is used to lock the first bevel gear 201 and the second bevel gear 202 or the second bevel gear 202 and the body, and switches between two locking states.

[0031] In this embodiment, during the wind and sand erosion test, the workpiece coated with paint is fixed to the clamping member 300. The first bevel gear 201 is rotated by the power component 400, and the locking state is controlled by the clutch component 500, thereby controlling the angle of the clamping member 300. For example, when the clamping member 300 is controlled to rotate around the axis of the first bevel gear 201, the first bevel gear 201 and the second bevel gear 202 are locked by the clutch component 500. At this time, the second bevel gear 202 rotates synchronously with the first bevel gear 201, and the planetary gear 203 interacts with the first bevel gear 201 and the second bevel gear. There is no relative rotation between 202, and the clamping member 300 only revolves around the axis of the first bevel gear 201; when it is necessary to superimpose rotation, the clutch member 500 switches to lock the second bevel gear 202 and the body, then the second bevel gear 202 is stationary. At this time, the planetary gear 203 revolves around the second bevel gear 202 under the drive of the first bevel gear 201 and rotates on its own axis, driving the clamping member 300 to superimpose rotation on the basis of revolution, realizing multi-degree-of-freedom variable angle erosion. The wind and sand circulation unit 600 built into the body controls the sand-containing airflow to impact the workpiece surface at a constant speed and concentration, realizing accurate simulation of the dynamic erosion process under different wind and sand environments.

[0032] It should be noted that when only the planetary gear 203 needs to rotate, by locking the second bevel gear 202 to the main body while keeping the first bevel gear 201 rotating freely, the planetary gear 203 rolls around the stationary second bevel gear 202. Its angular velocity is proportional to the rotational speed of the first bevel gear 201. By controlling the rotation of the first bevel gear 201 by a preset angle, the rotation angle of the clamping member 300 can be precisely controlled. After the rotation angle of the clamping member 300 is adjusted, the clutch 500 switches to locking the first bevel gear 201 and the second bevel gear 202, so that the two rotate synchronously. The clamping member 300 then enters the revolution mode. By controlling the first bevel gear 201 to reverse by the same angle, the clamping member 300 can be precisely reset to the initial revolution position, realizing the decoupled independent control of rotation and revolution.

[0033] Specifically, in this embodiment, such as Figure 1 , Figure 2 , Figure 3 and Figure 8 As shown, the main body includes a housing 100 and a sand circulation unit 600. A test chamber 101 is provided within the main body. The test chamber 101 is a square cavity as described in the prior art, with a funnel-shaped sand collection port at its bottom, connected to the recovery pipe of the sand circulation unit 600. A sand outlet is provided at the top of the test chamber 101, allowing the sand-laden airflow to directly hit the workpiece, thus making the erosion angle controllable. Through the wind speed and concentration adjustment structures built into the sand circulation unit 600, the airflow speed and sand concentration can be adjusted in real time, achieving precise control of the sandstorm environment and comprehensive control of erosion parameters. This device can be used to conduct standardized erosion tests, providing repeatable and quantifiable scientific evidence for evaluating the sandstorm resistance performance of coatings. The test chamber 101 is sealed by a sealing door 103, which is connected to the side wall of the housing 100 via hinges. A pressure-resistant observation window is embedded inside the door, facilitating real-time monitoring of the workpiece surface erosion morphology evolution throughout the test. The sealing door 103 is a prior art design.

[0034] The wind and sand circulation unit 600 is existing technology and will not be described in detail here.

[0035] like Figure 3 As shown, the housing 100 is also provided with an equipment cavity 102, which is located inside the housing 100 and outside the test cavity 101. The equipment cavity 102 integrates a clutch 500, a power component 400, a sand and dust circulation unit 600, control components, etc. The housing 100 is also embedded with a control panel 110, which is electrically connected to the control components built into the main body. The control panel 110 adopts a touch-screen human-machine interface and integrates parameter setting, mode switching, real-time monitoring and data export functions. Its structure and function are existing technologies.

[0036] like Figure 3 and Figure 4 As shown, the first bevel gear 201, the second bevel gear 202, and the planetary gear 203 are all existing technologies and can directly adopt the bevel gear structure in the differential gear set in the prior art. The planetary gear 203 is a bevel gear structure, and its axis intersects the first bevel gear 201 perpendicularly. Multiple planetary gears 203 are provided. In this embodiment, three planetary gears 203 are provided and are evenly distributed at 120° around the first bevel gear 201. A rotating seat 204 is provided between the first bevel gear 201 and the second bevel gear 202. The rotating seat 204 is a cylindrical structure. The side of the first bevel gear 201 and the second bevel gear 202 facing each other is provided with an annular protrusion adapted to the rotating seat 204. The rotating seat 204 is nested between the two annular protrusions to form a stable axial positioning. The side wall of the rotating seat 204 is provided with a rotating hole structure that coincides with the axis of the planetary gear 203. The planetary gear 203 can rotate around its own axis through this rotating hole structure.

[0037] In a preferred embodiment of this invention, the first bevel gear 201 is rotatably connected to the body via a first rotating shaft 210, which passes through the test chamber 101. The second bevel gear 202 is rotatably connected to the body via a rotating tube 220, which is sleeved on the first rotating shaft 210. One end of the first rotating shaft 210 near the rotating tube 220 is located outside the rotating tube 220. The clutch 500 includes a first friction plate 510, a second friction plate 520, a third friction plate 530, and a switching element. The first friction plate 510 is slidably connected to the rotating tube 220. The second friction plate 520 and the third friction plate 530 are respectively fixedly connected to the first rotating shaft 210 and the rotating tube 220. The switching element is used to drive the first friction plate 510 to slide so that it abuts against the second friction plate 520 or the third friction plate 530.

[0038] Specifically, in this embodiment, such as Figure 3 and Figure 4As shown, the first rotating shaft 210 is a stepped shaft, and the first rotating shaft 210 is connected to the first bevel gear 201 via a keyway. The second bevel gear 202 is coaxially arranged with the first rotating shaft 210 and the two are connected by a bearing. The second bevel gear 202 has a ring structure and is sleeved on the first rotating shaft 210. The first rotating shaft 210 passes through both sides of the test chamber 101 and is rotatably connected to the housing 100. The rotating tube 220 is sleeved on the first rotating shaft 210, and the rotating tube 220 is located opposite to the second bevel gear 202. On one side of the first bevel gear 201, one end of the rotating tube 220 is fixedly connected to the second bevel gear 202, and the other end is rotatably engaged with the housing 100; the power component 400 is connected to the end of the first rotating shaft 210 away from the second bevel gear 202, and the clutch component 500 is located at the end of the first rotating shaft 210 away from the power component 400. The power component 400 is connected to the first rotating shaft 210 to drive the first rotating shaft 210 to rotate, and the clutch component 500 is installed on the housing 100, the rotating tube 220, and the first rotating shaft 210.

[0039] like Figure 4 , Figure 7 and Figure 10As shown, a first outer shell 230 is fitted around the first bevel gear 201 and the first rotating shaft 210. The first outer shell 230 has a stepped, cylindrical structure. The first rotating shaft 210 and the first outer shell 230 are rotatably connected by bearings. The end of the first outer shell 230 away from the first bevel gear 201 is provided with a flange structure and is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the test chamber 101 by bolts. A second outer shell 240 is fitted around the second bevel gear 202 and the rotating tube 220. The second outer shell 240 has a stepped, cylindrical structure. The rotating tube 220 and the second outer shell 240 are rotatably connected by bearings. The end of the second outer shell 240 away from the second bevel gear 202 is provided with a flange structure and is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the test chamber 101 by bolts. A rotating shell 250 is provided between the first outer shell 230 and the second outer shell 240. The rotating shell 250 has a cylindrical structure and is rotatably connected to the first outer shell 230 and the second outer shell 240, sealing the ends of the first outer shell 230 and the second outer shell 240. The end faces of the first outer shell 230 and the second outer shell 240 are provided with annular protrusions adapted to the rotating shell 250. The planetary gear 203 is rotatably connected to the rotating shell 250, and the shaft of the planetary gear 203 passes through the rotating shell 250. In this embodiment, the shaft of the planetary gear 203 connected to the clamping member 300 passes through the rotating shell 250, and the shafts of the other planetary gears 203 are rotatably connected to the interior of the rotating shell 250.

[0040] Preferably, the rotating housing 250 includes a first half-shell 251 and a second half-shell 252, which are fixedly connected by bolts. The first half-shell 251 and the second half-shell 252 are coaxially arranged and together constitute the rotating housing 250. At the end where the first half-shell 251 and the second half-shell 252 are connected, a semi-circular groove is provided at the corresponding position of the shaft connecting the planetary gear 203 to form a complete shaft hole, so that the planetary gear 203 is easy to install.

[0041] like Figure 5 , Figure 6 , Figure 8 and Figure 9As shown, the first friction plate 510 is an annular structure, which is sleeved on the outside of the rotating tube 220 and slidably connected to the rotating tube 220. Two first friction plates 510 are provided, and a friction seat 511 is provided between the two first friction plates 510. The friction seat 511 is an annular structure, and its end is fixed to the first friction plate 510 by screws or adhesive. The outer wall of the rotating tube 220 is provided with an axial groove, and the inner edge of the friction seat 511 is provided with a protrusion structure that matches the axial groove. The protrusion structure is embedded in the axial groove, so that the first friction plate 510 can slide on the rotating tube 220 and rotate synchronously with the rotating tube 220, while displacing axially to complete the clutch action.

[0042] The second friction plate 520 has an annular structure, which is sleeved on the outside of the rotating tube 220 and does not contact the rotating tube 220. The second friction plate 520 is fixedly connected to the outer wall of the test chamber 101 by bolts.

[0043] The third friction plate 530 is fixedly connected to the first rotating shaft 210. The third friction plate 530 rotates synchronously with the first rotating shaft 210. A friction back plate 531 is provided at the end of the third friction plate 530 away from the first friction plate 510. A regular hexagonal hole is provided at the center of the friction back plate 531. The part of the first rotating shaft 210 connected to the friction back plate 531 is a regular hexagonal prism structure. The friction back plate 531 and the first rotating shaft 210 are circumferentially fixed and axially limited through the interference fit between the regular hexagonal hole and the regular hexagonal prism. At the same time, a locking nut is also threaded to the end of the first rotating shaft 210 to ensure that the friction back plate 531 does not loosen axially under high torque conditions.

[0044] In this embodiment, the first friction plate 510, the second friction plate 520 and the third friction plate 530 are all made of a composite material of high carbon steel matrix and copper-based powder metallurgy friction material.

[0045] like Figure 3As shown, in this embodiment, the friction seat 511 has an H-shaped cross-section along the plane coinciding with the axis. The switching component includes a shift fork 540 and a telescopic component 550. One end of the shift fork 540 is provided with a U-shaped groove fitted in the middle of the friction seat 511, and the other end is fixedly connected to the output end of the telescopic component 550. The telescopic component 550 drives the shift fork 540 to move axially along the first rotating shaft 210, thereby controlling the first friction plate 510 to slide axially along the rotating tube 220, so that the first friction plate 510 and the second friction plate 52... The third friction plate 530 is pressed and adhered to achieve precise clutch switching; the telescopic component 550 includes a screw 551 and a telescopic motor 552. The telescopic motor 552 is fixedly connected to the housing 100 through a U-shaped motor seat. The screw 551 and the output shaft of the telescopic motor 552 are fixedly connected through a coupling. A nut seat that cooperates with the screw 551 is fixed on the shift fork 540. The telescopic motor 552 drives the screw 551 to rotate in both forward and reverse directions, causing the nut seat to move linearly along the axial direction, thereby driving the shift fork 540 to move precisely.

[0046] In this embodiment, the telescopic member 550 can also be other structures, such as a bidirectional cylinder structure or an electro-hydraulic actuator in the prior art, the output end of which can drive the shift fork 540 to move precisely along the axial direction.

[0047] In a preferred embodiment of this invention, the power component 400 drives the first bevel gear 201 to rotate via a worm gear 420 and worm shaft 410 structure. Specifically, as shown in the example... Figure 9 As shown, the power component 400 includes a worm gear 410, a worm wheel 420, and a drive motor 430. The worm wheel 420 is connected and fixed to the end of the first rotating shaft 210 via a key shaft. The worm gear 410 meshes with the worm wheel 420. The worm gear 410 is fixed to the housing 100 via a bearing structure. The drive motor 430 is connected to the input end of the worm gear 410 via a synchronous belt or coupling, thereby transmitting the rotational motion of the drive motor 430 to the first rotating shaft 210 after being reduced in speed and increased in torque by the worm wheel 420 and worm gear 410.

[0048] In this embodiment, the clamping member 300 is a prior art, such as a gripper or a fixed plate structure. In this embodiment, the clamping member 300 is a fixed plate. The clamping member 300 is fixedly connected to the rotating shaft of the planetary gear 203 through a threaded structure. The clamping member 300 is perpendicular to the axis of the planetary gear 203, and the clamping member 300 is provided with a threaded hole for connecting the workpiece. When fixing the workpiece, the workpiece is rigidly clamped by screwing a bolt into the threaded hole.

[0049] In a preferred embodiment of this invention, the top of the test chamber 101 is provided with a waist-shaped hole, the extension direction of which is perpendicular to the axis of the first bevel gear 201. A sand outlet is provided inside the waist-shaped hole. The body also includes a linear displacement unit 700, which is used to drive the sand outlet to move along the extension direction of the waist-shaped hole to change the position of the sand outlet. The bottom of the test chamber 101 is provided with a recovery hole, which is connected to the wind and sand circulation unit 600 through a pipe structure.

[0050] Specifically, such as Figures 6 to 8 As shown, the waist-shaped hole is an elongated through hole formed on the top plate of the test chamber 101. The long axis of the waist-shaped hole is perpendicular to the axis of the first bevel gear 201. The sand outlet is a circular tube structure slidably connected inside the waist-shaped hole. The long axis of the waist-shaped hole is located directly above the clamping member 300. A dust baffle 702 is provided on the sand outlet to cover the waist-shaped hole. The dust baffle 702 is used to prevent dust from escaping from the waist-shaped hole. During the sliding process of the sand outlet, the dust baffle 702 always covers the waist-shaped hole to ensure the airtightness of the test chamber 101. The linear displacement unit 700 is existing technology, such as a linear motor or cylinder. The output end of the linear displacement unit 700 is fixedly connected to a clamp 701. The clamp 701 hugs the outer wall of the sand outlet and drives it to slide along the axial direction of the waist-shaped hole. The linear displacement unit 700 is fixedly connected to the top of the test chamber 101.

[0051] The sand circulation unit 600 is connected to the recovery hole at the bottom of the test chamber 101 via a return air pipe 601. The airflow carrying sand particles is repressurized and sent to the sand outlet. A fixed pipe 602 is connected to the outlet of the sand circulation unit 600. The fixed pipe 602 is a bent pipe, one end of which is fixed to the outlet of the sand circulation unit 600, and the other end is fixed to the outer side wall of the test chamber 101 via a fixing seat 105. The fixing seat 105 is a prior art support structure for fixing the pipe 602. The fixing seat 105 fixes the end of the fixed pipe 602 to the test chamber 101. The end of the fixed pipe 602 away from the sand circulation unit 600 is positioned upwards and is externally fitted with a first right-angle pipe 603. The vertical section of the first right-angle pipe 603 is coaxially connected to the fixed pipe 602. The first right-angle tube 603 and the fixed tube 602 are connected by a rotary joint and sealed together, so that the first right-angle tube 603 can only rotate on the fixed tube 602 along the axis of the vertical section of the fixed tube 602. The horizontal section end of the first right-angle tube 603 is fitted with a second right-angle tube 604, which is fitted on the first right-angle tube 603 and sealed together by a sealing ring. The second right-angle tube 604 can slide along the axial direction of the horizontal section of the first right-angle tube 603. The vertical section end of the second right-angle tube 604 is inserted into the sand outlet and rotatably connected to it. During the movement of the sand outlet in a straight line, the second right-angle tube 604 slides synchronously on the first right-angle tube 603, and the first right-angle tube 603 rotates synchronously on the fixed tube 602, thereby always ensuring the continuity and sealing of the airflow channel.

[0052] As a preferred embodiment of this invention, the wind and sand erosion test chamber further includes an inclination angle detection device for detecting the inclination angle of the workpiece; the main body is also provided with a control device, which controls the linear displacement unit 700 to work based on the detection result of the inclination angle detection device, so that the sand outlet is directly opposite the center of the clamping member 300.

[0053] Specifically, the control component is based on existing technology, and the tilt sensor is a commonly used MEMS tilt sensor. Its output signal is converted from analog to digital and then sent to the control component for real-time calculation. The tilt sensor is fixedly connected to the clamping member 300 to monitor the tilt angle of the workpiece in real time. When the clamping member 300 revolves, its position on the horizontal plane changes, and the tilt sensor synchronously outputs angle data. Based on the angle data and the built-in position conversion relationship, the control component controls the linear displacement unit 700 to change the position of the sand outlet, ensuring that the sand outlet is always directly above the center of the clamping member 300, thus ensuring that the sand particle spray trajectory is precisely perpendicular to the workpiece surface.

[0054] In this embodiment, the position conversion relationship is pre-calibrated and stored in the control unit based on the spatial coordinate relationship of the orbital radius of the clamping member 300, the center of the clamping member 300, and the initial position of the sand outlet at the time of manufacture. For example, when the orbital radius of the clamping member 300 is R and its horizontal inclination angle is θ, the horizontal displacement of the center of the clamping member 300 from the orbital center is R·cosθ. Then, the linear displacement unit 700 controls the axial displacement of the sand outlet to a position directly above the orbital center with a horizontal displacement of R·cosθ.

[0055] Preferably, during the telescopic process, a surrounding plate 104 is provided on the outer side of the top of the test chamber 101 outside the waist-shaped hole. The surrounding plate 104 is used to limit the dust baffle 702 and seal the periphery of the dust baffle 702.

[0056] Example 2: As Figure 11 and Figure 12 As shown, as another embodiment of the present invention, this embodiment differs from Embodiment 1 in that the switching component is an electromagnetic clutch structure. The first friction plate 510 is doped with magnetic materials (such as iron powder, magnetic strips, etc.). The switching component includes a first electromagnet 521 located in the second friction plate 520 and a second electromagnet 532 located in the third friction plate 530. The energizing mode of the two electromagnets is independently controlled according to the clutch requirements. When the first friction plate 510 and the second friction plate 520 need to be engaged, the first electromagnet 521 is energized to generate a magnetic attraction force, attracting the first friction plate 510 to adhere. When the second friction plate 520 and the third friction plate 530 need to be engaged, the second electromagnet 532 is energized to generate a magnetic attraction force, attracting the third friction plate 530 to adhere. The two electromagnets cannot be energized at the same time to avoid interference or slippage between the friction plates.

[0057] Specifically, the second friction plate 520 has a plurality of first countersunk holes evenly distributed in a ring. The first electromagnet 521 is fixed to the first countersunk hole by adhesive bonding, and its magnetic pole direction is perpendicular to the end face of the first friction plate 510. The third friction plate 530 has a second countersunk hole at the corresponding position. The second electromagnet 532 is fixed to the second countersunk hole in the same way, and its magnetic pole direction is also perpendicular to the end face of the third friction plate 530, ensuring that the attraction force is axially concentrated and the response is rapid.

[0058] Preferably, in this embodiment, limit springs 560 are provided at both ends of the first friction plate 510. The ends of the limit springs 560 abut against the first friction plate 510 and the rotating tube 220. Specifically, the limit springs 560 are sleeved on the rotating tube 220. A retaining ring 570 is provided at the end of the limit springs 560 away from the first friction plate 510. The retaining ring 570 is an annular gasket structure in the prior art. An elastic retaining spring 580 is provided on the side of the retaining ring 570 away from the limit spring 560. The elastic retaining spring 580 is engaged in the annular groove on the outer wall of the rotating tube 220 to ensure the axial positioning of the retaining ring 570. The parameters of the limit springs 560 on both sides of the first friction plate 510 are the same.

[0059] The friction seat 511 is an iron annular plate, which is sleeved on the outer wall of the rotating tube 220 and fits against the end face of the first friction plate 510. The first friction plate 510 is provided on both sides of the friction seat 511.

[0060] The terminology used in this invention is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the invention. The singular forms “a,” “the,” and “the” used in this invention and the appended claims are also intended to include the plural forms unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. It should also be understood that the term “and / or” as used herein refers to and includes any or all possible combinations of one or more of the associated listed items.

[0061] It should be understood that although the terms first, second, third, etc., may be used in this invention to describe various information, this information should not be limited to these terms. These terms are only used to distinguish information of the same type from one another. For example, first information may also be referred to as second information without departing from the scope of this invention, and similarly, second information may also be referred to as first information. Depending on the context, the word "if" as used herein may be interpreted as "when," "when," or "in response to a determination."

[0062] Although embodiments of the invention have been shown and described, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made to these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A multi-degree-of-freedom variable-angle wind and sand erosion test chamber, comprising a main body, wherein a test chamber is provided within the main body, characterized in that, The wind and sand erosion test chamber also includes: A rotary table located inside the test chamber includes a first bevel gear and a second bevel gear arranged in a mirror image. A planetary gear meshes between the first bevel gear and the second bevel gear. Both the first bevel gear and the second bevel gear are rotatably connected to the main body. A clamping element is fixedly connected to the planetary gear to rotate with the planetary gear and is used to clamp the workpiece; A power component, used to drive the first bevel gear to rotate; The clutch is used to engage the first bevel gear and the second bevel gear or the second bevel gear and the body, and to switch between two engagement states.

2. The multi-degree-of-freedom variable-angle wind and sand erosion test chamber according to claim 1, characterized in that, The first bevel gear is rotatably connected to the body via a first rotating shaft that passes through the test chamber. The second bevel gear is rotatably connected to the body via a rotating tube that is sleeved on the first rotating shaft, with one end of the first rotating shaft near the rotating tube located on the outside of the rotating tube. The clutch includes: A first friction plate is slidably connected to the rotating tube; The second friction plate and the third friction plate are respectively fixedly connected to the first rotating shaft and the rotating tube; A switching element is used to drive the first friction plate to slide so that it abuts against the second friction plate or the third friction plate.

3. The multi-degree-of-freedom variable-angle wind and sand erosion test chamber according to claim 2, characterized in that, The first friction plate is doped with magnetic material, and the second and third friction plates respectively contain a first electromagnet and a second electromagnet. The ends of the first electromagnet and the second electromagnet, which are arranged opposite each other, attract the first friction plate when energized.

4. The multi-degree-of-freedom variable-angle wind and sand erosion test chamber according to claim 3, characterized in that, Limiting springs are provided at both ends of the first friction plate, and the ends of the limiting springs abut against the first friction plate and the rotating tube.

5. The multi-degree-of-freedom variable-angle wind and sand erosion test chamber according to claim 3, characterized in that, The switching component includes: A shift fork, which is rotatably connected to the first friction plate and has limit structures on both sides of the first friction plate; A telescopic component is fixedly connected to the shift fork, and the telescopic direction of the telescopic component is parallel to the axis of the first bevel gear. The telescopic component is fixedly connected to the body.

6. The multi-degree-of-freedom variable-angle wind and sand erosion test chamber according to claim 2, characterized in that, A first outer shell is fitted around the first bevel gear and the first rotating shaft. The first rotating shaft is rotatably connected to the first outer shell. The end of the first outer shell away from the first bevel gear is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the test chamber. A second outer shell is fitted around the second bevel gear and the rotating tube. The rotating tube is rotatably connected to the second outer shell. The end of the second outer shell away from the second bevel gear is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the test chamber. A rotating shell is provided between the first outer shell and the second outer shell. The rotating shell is rotatably connected to the first outer shell and the second outer shell and seals the ends of the first outer shell and the second outer shell. The planetary gear is rotatably connected to the rotating shell and the shaft of the planetary gear passes through the rotating shell.

7. The multi-degree-of-freedom variable-angle wind and sand erosion test chamber according to claim 1, characterized in that, The power component drives the first bevel gear to rotate via a worm gear structure.

8. The multi-degree-of-freedom variable-angle wind and sand erosion test chamber according to claim 1, characterized in that, A rotating seat is provided between the first bevel gear and the second bevel gear. The rotating seat is rotatably connected to the first bevel gear and the second bevel gear, and the three are coaxially arranged. The planetary gear is rotatably connected to the rotating seat.

9. The multi-degree-of-freedom variable-angle wind and sand erosion test chamber according to any one of claims 1-8, characterized in that, The test chamber has a waist-shaped hole at its top, the extension direction of which is perpendicular to the axis of the first bevel gear, and a sand outlet is provided inside the waist-shaped hole. The body includes: A sand circulation unit is used to drive a sand-laden airflow to exit from the sand outlet and blow it toward the clamping member; A linear displacement unit is used to drive the sand outlet to move along the extension direction of the waist-shaped hole to change the position of the sand outlet; The bottom of the test chamber is provided with a recovery hole, which is connected to the wind and sand circulation unit through a pipeline structure.

10. The multi-degree-of-freedom variable-angle wind and sand erosion test chamber according to claim 9, characterized in that, The wind and sand erosion test chamber also includes: Inclination testing components are used to detect the inclination angle of a workpiece. The body is also provided with a control component, which controls the operation of the linear displacement unit based on the detection result of the tilt angle detection component, so that the sand outlet is directly opposite the center of the clamping component.

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