Self-powered pulsed de-icing FRP cable, de-icing control method and de-icing system

Abstract

This invention discloses a self-powered pulse de-icing FRP cable, its control method, and a de-icing system, belonging to the field of cable de-icing technology. The FRP cable includes an electrically heated FRP cable, a piezoelectric fiber layer, a friction fiber layer, a flexible waterproof insulating sheath, an energy storage control unit, a temperature sensor, a helical coil, and wires. The piezoelectric fiber layer and the friction fiber layer are disposed on the outer periphery of the electrically heated FRP cable, used to convert vibration, bending, and interlayer contact separation during cable service into electrical energy, which is then stored in the energy storage control unit. The temperature sensor is used to collect the cable temperature. Based on the cable temperature, the rate of temperature change, and the energy storage status, the energy storage control unit outputs electrical energy to the electrically heated FRP cable in a pulse power supply mode, enabling it to generate Joule heat using its own resistance for de-icing or anti-icing. The helical coil is used to share electromagnetic induction energy with adjacent cables when there is excess energy storage. This invention can reduce dependence on external power supply and improve the de-icing efficiency of FRP cables in low-temperature environments.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of cable de-icing technology, and specifically relates to a self-powered pulse de-icing FRP cable, a de-icing control method, and a de-icing system. Background Technology

[0002] Fiber-reinforced composite cables, especially carbon fiber reinforced composite cables, possess advantages such as lightweight, high strength, corrosion resistance, fatigue resistance, high specific strength, and long service life, making them promising candidates for applications in bridge engineering, long-span spatial structures, marine engineering, and other civil engineering structures. Compared to traditional steel cables, FRP cables can reduce structural weight, decrease corrosion maintenance requirements, and improve structural durability in complex environments.

[0003] However, in cold regions or winter operating environments, the surface of FRP cables is susceptible to icing due to low temperatures, rain, snow, freezing rain, rime, and wind-induced cooling. Icing increases the cable's weight and windward area, alters its aerodynamic shape, and induces or exacerbates adverse vibrations such as wind-driven vibration, vortex-induced vibration, and ice-induced vibration. Furthermore, icing can lead to abnormal stress in the cable's anchorage zone, affecting the overall safety of the bridge or structural structure. Therefore, timely, reliable, and low-energy-consumption anti-icing and de-icing of FRP cables is a crucial issue that needs to be addressed in FRP cable engineering applications in cold regions.

[0004] Existing methods for de-icing cables mainly include mechanical de-icing, chemical de-icing, and externally powered electric heating de-icing. Mechanical de-icing typically relies on manual labor or mechanical devices to knock, scrape, or vibrate the cable surface to remove ice. This method has low efficiency, is greatly limited by weather conditions and high-altitude working conditions, and can easily damage the resin layer, protective layer, or coating on the FRP cable surface. Chemical de-icing usually involves spraying de-icing salt, antifreeze, or other chemical de-icing agents to lower the freezing point. This method requires repeated replenishment of de-icing agents, resulting in high maintenance costs and potentially adverse effects on the surrounding environment, the cable surface protective layer, and the composite material matrix.

[0005] Externally powered electric heating de-icing solutions involve installing resistance wires, conductive heating strips, or other electric heating elements inside or on the surface of the cables, and supplying power to these elements via an external power source to raise the cable surface temperature and achieve de-icing or anti-icing. While this type of solution can produce a relatively direct de-icing effect, it typically requires the laying of power cables and relies on mains power, generators, or large energy storage devices. For long-distance bridges, projects with multiple cables densely arranged, or projects in remote areas, the layout and maintenance of external power lines are complex, resulting in high system costs and significant risks of line voltage drop and electrical faults. Furthermore, the cable de-icing function may fail when the external power supply is interrupted.

[0006] To reduce energy consumption, some existing technologies incorporate temperature sensors and controllers into electrically heated cables to control on / off operation or maintain a constant temperature based on the cable temperature. For example, the heating power is turned on when the cable temperature is below a set temperature and turned off when the temperature is above another set temperature. While this type of solution can achieve a degree of automatic control, its energy source still relies on external power. Furthermore, simple on / off control can easily lead to frequent starting and stopping of the heating element, resulting in electrical shocks and energy waste, and it is also difficult to make fine-tuned adjustments based on current energy storage capacity, temperature drop trends, and the degree of icing risk. Summary of the Invention

[0007] The purpose of this invention is to provide a self-powered pulse de-icing FRP cable, a de-icing control method, and a de-icing system, so that the FRP cable itself has both load-bearing function and Joule heating function, and converts wind-induced vibration, vehicle vibration, bending deformation or micro-slippage during the service process of the cable into electrical energy through piezoelectric fiber layer and friction fiber layer, which is stored by energy storage control unit and used for cable anti-icing or de-icing.

[0008] The present invention is achieved through the following measures: a self-powered pulse de-icing FRP cable based on piezoelectric-triboelectric composite energy harvesting, characterized in that it includes an electrically heated FRP cable, a piezoelectric fiber layer, a triboelectric fiber layer, a flexible waterproof insulating sheath, an energy storage control unit, a temperature sensor, a helical coil, and a wire; The electrically heated FRP cable includes a conductive fiber reinforced composite material cable body, and electrode terminals are respectively provided at both ends of the electrically heated FRP cable. The electrode terminals are electrically connected to the heating output terminal of the energy storage control unit through the wire. The piezoelectric fiber layer is disposed on the outer periphery of the electrically heated FRP cable, and the friction fiber layer is disposed on the outer periphery of the piezoelectric fiber layer or disposed in combination with the piezoelectric fiber layer. The piezoelectric fiber layer and the friction fiber layer are respectively electrically connected to the energy input terminal of the energy storage control unit through the wire. The flexible waterproof insulating sheath covers the outside of the piezoelectric fiber layer and the triboelectric fiber layer; The temperature sensor is disposed on the surface of the electrically heated FRP cable, inside the piezoelectric fiber layer, inside the triboelectric fiber layer, or inside the flexible waterproof insulating sheath, and is signal-connected to the energy storage control unit; The spiral coil is sleeved on the outer periphery of the flexible waterproof insulating sheath and is electrically connected to the energy sharing terminal of the energy storage control unit. The energy storage control unit is used to receive and store the electrical energy output by the piezoelectric fiber layer and the triboelectric fiber layer, and output electrical energy to the electrically heated FRP cable in a pulse power supply manner according to the cable temperature collected by the temperature sensor and the energy storage state of the energy storage control unit, so that the electrically heated FRP cable can generate Joule heat by utilizing its own resistance for de-icing or anti-icing; the energy storage control unit is also used to output a variable current to the helical coil when the energy sharing conditions are met, so as to transfer electrical energy to adjacent FRP cables through electromagnetic induction.

[0009] Furthermore, the electrically heated FRP cable is a carbon fiber reinforced composite cable, a carbon fiber-glass fiber hybrid reinforced composite cable, or a fiber reinforced composite cable containing conductive fillers, and the conductive fibers extend along the length direction of the electrically heated FRP cable to form a conductive heating path along the length direction of the cable body.

[0010] Furthermore, the piezoelectric fiber layer includes PZT piezoelectric fibers, PVDF piezoelectric fibers, piezoelectric ceramic fibers, or piezoelectric composite fibers, and the piezoelectric fibers in the piezoelectric fiber layer are arranged along the axial, circumferential, or helical direction of the electrically heated FRP cable.

[0011] Furthermore, the triboelectric fiber layer comprises one or more triboelectric materials selected from polyvinylidene fluoride, polytetrafluoroethylene, fluorinated ethylene propylene copolymer, polyimide, nylon, and silicone rubber.

[0012] Furthermore, a contact-separation interface is provided between the piezoelectric fiber layer and the triboelectric fiber layer. The contact-separation interface includes micro-protrusions, corrugated interfaces, elastic spacers, spacer support points, or local non-bonded areas, so that when the electrically heated FRP cable vibrates or bends, periodic contact separation or micro-slippage occurs between the piezoelectric fiber layer and the triboelectric fiber layer.

[0013] Furthermore, the contact-separation interfaces are spaced apart along the length of the electrically heated FRP cable, or are partitioned along the circumferential direction of the electrically heated FRP cable, to form multiple independent triboelectric power generation units.

[0014] Furthermore, the energy storage control unit includes a rectification and voltage regulation module, an energy storage module, an energy storage status detection module, a charge and discharge management module, a pulse heating output module, and an energy sharing control module; The rectifier and voltage regulator module is used to convert the AC signals output by the piezoelectric fiber layer and the triboelectric fiber layer into DC power. The energy storage module is used to store the DC power. The energy storage state detection module is used to detect the state of charge of the energy storage module; The pulse heating output module is used to output pulse heating electrical energy to the electrically heated FRP cable; The energy sharing control module is used to control the energizing state of the spiral coil.

[0015] Furthermore, the energy storage module includes a supercapacitor, a lithium-ion battery, a solid-state battery, or a hybrid energy storage module consisting of a supercapacitor and a battery.

[0016] Furthermore, the energy storage control unit determines at least one of the following in the pulse power supply mode: output voltage, output current, pulse width, pulse period, and duty cycle, based on the cable temperature, the rate of change of the cable temperature, and the energy storage state.

[0017] Furthermore, when the temperature of the cable body is lower than or equal to the critical freezing temperature threshold and the energy storage state is higher than the heating start threshold, the energy storage control unit starts pulse heating; when the temperature of the cable body rises to the safe temperature threshold, the energy storage control unit reduces the output voltage, reduces the duty cycle, or stops supplying power to the electrically heated FRP cable.

[0018] Furthermore, the end of the electrically heated FRP cable is anchored in the anchorage by an adhesive medium, which is an epoxy resin-based adhesive medium, a cement-based adhesive medium, or an inorganic-organic composite adhesive medium, and an insulating encapsulation layer is provided between the adhesive medium and the electrode terminal.

[0019] Furthermore, the flexible waterproof insulating sleeve is a weather-resistant elastic polymer sleeve, and the outer surface of the flexible waterproof insulating sleeve is provided with a hydrophobic coating, a wear-resistant coating, or an anti-ultraviolet aging coating.

[0020] This invention also provides a de-icing control method for a self-powered pulse de-icing FRP cable, characterized in that it is implemented using the aforementioned self-powered pulse de-icing FRP cable, and the de-icing control method includes: S1. During the service of FRP cable, the vibration, bending or tensile deformation of the electrically heated FRP cable is converted into piezoelectric energy through the piezoelectric fiber layer, and the contact separation or micro-slippage between the piezoelectric fiber layer and the friction fiber layer is converted into triboelectric energy through the friction fiber layer. S2. The piezoelectric energy and the triboelectric energy are input into the energy storage control unit, and after rectification, voltage regulation and charging management, they are stored in the energy storage module; S3. Obtain the temperature of the electrically heated FRP cable through a temperature sensor, and obtain the energy storage status of the energy storage module through an energy storage status detection module; S4. Determine whether the heating start-up conditions are met based on the temperature of the cable and the energy storage state. S5. When the heating start-up conditions are met, the energy storage control unit generates pulse heating parameters based on the cable temperature, the rate of change of the cable temperature, and the energy storage state, and outputs pulse electrical energy to the electrically heated FRP cable according to the pulse heating parameters. S6. The electrically heated FRP cable uses its own resistance to generate Joule heat, which raises the surface temperature of the electrically heated FRP cable to perform de-icing or anti-icing. S7. When the temperature of the cable body reaches the safe temperature threshold or the temperature range that does not freeze, the energy storage control unit reduces the output voltage, reduces the duty cycle, or stops outputting pulse power. S8. When the energy storage state is higher than the energy sharing threshold, the energy storage control unit outputs a changing current to the spiral coil, causing the spiral coil to generate an alternating magnetic field, so as to share electrical energy with the adjacent FRP cable through electromagnetic induction.

[0021] In step S4, the heating start conditions include: The cable temperature is lower than or equal to the critical freezing temperature threshold; or, the cable temperature is higher than the critical freezing temperature threshold but lower than the warning temperature threshold, and the rate of decrease of the cable temperature is greater than the preset rate of decrease threshold. Furthermore, the energy storage state is higher than the heating start-up threshold.

[0022] In step S5, the pulse heating parameters include output voltage, pulse width, pulse period, duty cycle, and heating duration; When the energy storage state decreases, the energy storage control unit reduces the output voltage, shortens the pulse width, lengthens the pulse period, or reduces the duty cycle; When the temperature of the cable body is below the critical freezing temperature threshold and the rate of decrease increases, the energy storage control unit increases the output voltage, extends the pulse width, shortens the pulse period, or increases the duty cycle.

[0023] In step S8, when the energy storage control unit controls the spiral coil of the main cable to enter the energy emission state and controls the spiral coil of the adjacent FRP cable to enter the energy reception state when the energy storage state of the main cable is higher than the energy sharing threshold and the energy storage state of the adjacent FRP cable is lower than the energy receiving threshold.

[0024] The spiral coil of the main cable and the spiral coil of the adjacent FRP cable adopt the same or matched resonant frequency to improve the electromagnetic induction energy transmission efficiency between the main cable and the adjacent FRP cable.

[0025] The present invention also provides a collaborative de-icing system for FRP cables, characterized in that it includes multiple self-powered pulse de-icing FRP cables as described above; Each of the self-powered pulse de-icing FRP cables includes an energy storage control unit and a helical coil, and the helical coils of two adjacent self-powered pulse de-icing FRP cables are within the electromagnetic coupling range. The energy storage control unit of any of the self-powered pulse de-icing FRP cables is used to control the spiral coil of the cable to generate an alternating magnetic field when the energy storage state of the cable is higher than the energy sharing threshold and the energy storage state of the adjacent cable is lower than the energy receiving threshold, so as to generate an induced electromotive force in the spiral coil of the adjacent cable to provide de-icing power to the adjacent cable.

[0026] The multiple self-powered pulse de-icing FRP cables are respectively connected to a centralized monitoring unit. The centralized monitoring unit is used to acquire the cable body temperature, energy storage status and heating status of each cable, and to determine the power supply cable and the power receiving cable based on the cable body temperature and energy storage status of each cable.

[0027] The spiral coils of two adjacent self-powered pulse de-icing FRP cables are located near the anchoring end of the corresponding cable, and the distance between the spiral coils of two adjacent self-powered pulse de-icing FRP cables is less than the preset coupling distance.

[0028] The beneficial effects of the technical solution provided by the embodiments of the present invention are as follows: First, the present invention sets the electrically heated FRP cable as a cable structure that combines load-bearing function and conductive heating function. It utilizes the Joule heating generated by the inherent resistance of the conductive fiber-reinforced composite cable to directly heat the cable body where ice covers. Compared to solutions that additionally lay resistance wires or external heating strips on the cable surface, the present invention reduces the need for independent heating components, which helps to reduce structural complexity and external heat loss, and improves the efficiency of heat transfer to the cable surface and ice interface.

[0029] Secondly, this invention incorporates a piezoelectric fiber layer and a triboelectric fiber layer on the outer periphery of the electrically heated FRP cable. The piezoelectric fiber layer generates piezoelectric energy through cable vibration, bending, or tensile deformation, while the triboelectric fiber layer generates triboelectric energy through interlayer contact separation or micro-slippage. Through this combined energy harvesting of piezoelectric and triboelectric effects, this invention can adapt to different forms of mechanical energy input during cable service, broadening the energy harvesting conditions and improving the utilization of environmental mechanical energy.

[0030] Third, this invention incorporates an energy storage control unit capable of rectifying, stabilizing, storing, and managing the electrical energy output from the piezoelectric fiber layer and the triboelectric fiber layer. By storing energy first and then releasing it in pulses, this invention alleviates the contradiction between the low environmental energy harvesting power and the high instantaneous power demand for de-icing, enabling the collected weak or intermittent electrical energy to be output in a concentrated manner when de-icing is needed, thereby improving the feasibility of self-powered de-icing.

[0031] Fourth, this invention establishes a closed-loop pulse de-icing control system using a temperature sensor and an energy storage control unit. The energy storage control unit determines whether to initiate heating based on the cable temperature, the rate of temperature change, and the energy storage status, and adjusts the output voltage, pulse width, pulse period, or duty cycle accordingly. Compared to traditional timed heating or simple on / off temperature control, this invention enables adaptive control based on icing risk and energy storage capacity, avoiding energy waste caused by continuous full-power heating and reducing the impact of frequent start-stop cycles on the heating circuit and energy storage module.

[0032] Fifth, this invention incorporates a flexible waterproof insulating sleeve to protect the piezoelectric fiber layer, triboelectric fiber layer, and related electrodes. This reduces the impact of rainwater, salt spray, snow, UV aging, and external mechanical wear on the energy harvesting layer and electrical connections. The flexible waterproof insulating sleeve deforms naturally with the FRP cable, helping to maintain the overall flexibility and engineering applicability of the cable.

[0033] Sixth, this invention features a helical coil on the outer periphery of the cable, and an energy storage control unit outputs a changing current to the helical coil when energy sharing conditions are met, causing induced electromotive force to be generated in the helical coils of adjacent cables. Thus, this invention enables electromagnetic induction-based energy sharing between cables with surplus energy storage and those with insufficient energy storage, improving the problem of uneven energy supply and demand caused by wind vibration, sunlight exposure, icing levels, or local environmental differences between different cables.

[0034] Seventh, this invention integrates composite energy harvesting, energy storage management, temperature detection, pulse heating, and wireless energy sharing into a cable adaptive de-icing system. This enables a single cable to autonomously prevent and remove ice based on its own temperature and energy storage status, while multiple cables can collaboratively de-ic according to energy supply and demand. This solution improves the service safety of FRP cables in cold regions, remote areas, and long-distance bridges, and reduces the reliance of the de-icing system on external power lines and manual maintenance. Attached Figure Description

[0035] To more clearly illustrate the technical solution of the present invention, the accompanying drawings used in the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings listed below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0036] Figure 1 A schematic diagram (color illustration) of the overall structure of the self-powered pulse de-icing FRP cable provided in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0037] Figure 2 A schematic diagram (color illustration) of a piezoelectric-triboelectric composite energy harvesting structure provided in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0038] Figure 3 A schematic diagram (color illustration) of the energy storage control and pulse heating connection structure provided for an embodiment of the present invention.

[0039] Figure 4 A schematic diagram (color illustration) of the energy sharing structure provided in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0040] Figure 5 A schematic diagram (line drawing) of the overall structure of the self-powered pulse de-icing FRP cable provided in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0041] Figure 6 A schematic diagram (line drawing) of a piezoelectric-triboelectric composite energy harvesting structure provided in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0042] Figure 7 A schematic diagram (line drawing) of the energy storage control and pulse heating connection structure provided in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0043] Figure 8 A schematic diagram (line drawing) of the energy sharing structure provided in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0044] The components represented by each number in the attached diagram are as follows: 1. Electrically heated FRP cable; 2. Piezoelectric fiber layer; 3. Triboelectric fiber layer; 4. Flexible waterproof insulating sheath; 5. Front anchor; 6. Rear anchor; 7. Energy storage control unit; 8. Temperature controller; 9. Adhesive medium; 10. Wire; 11. Helical coil; 12. Temperature sensor. Detailed Implementation

[0045] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this invention clearer, the invention will be further described in detail below with reference to embodiments. Of course, the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative and not intended to limit the invention.

[0046] Example 1: like Figures 1 to 8 As shown, this embodiment provides a self-powered pulse de-icing FRP cable based on piezoelectric-triboelectric composite energy harvesting, including an electrically heated FRP cable 1, a piezoelectric fiber layer 2, a triboelectric fiber layer 3, a flexible waterproof insulating sheath 4, a front anchor 5, a rear anchor 6, an energy storage control unit 7, a temperature controller 8, an adhesive medium 9, a wire 10, a spiral coil 11, and a temperature sensor 12.

[0047] The electrically heated FRP cable 1 serves as the main load-bearing component of the cable and also as a Joule heating component. The electrically heated FRP cable 1 is made of carbon fiber reinforced composite material, with the carbon fibers extending continuously along the cable's length and cured into a resin matrix. This allows the electrically heated FRP cable 1 to meet axial load-bearing requirements while also possessing the ability to conduct electricity along its length. Electrode terminals are provided at both ends of the electrically heated FRP cable 1. These electrode terminals are electrically connected to the carbon fiber conductive bundles within the electrically heated FRP cable 1 and are electrically connected to the heating output terminal of the energy storage control unit 7 via wire 10.

[0048] To prevent the heating current from bypassing through the front anchor 5 or the rear anchor 6, an insulating isolation structure is provided between the end of the electrically heated FRP cable 1 and the anchor. Specifically, the front end of the electrically heated FRP cable 1 extends into the front anchor 5, and the rear end extends into the rear anchor 6. Both the front anchor 5 and the rear anchor 6 include steel anchor cylinders. The space between the electrically heated FRP cable 1 and the inner wall of the steel anchor cylinder is filled with an adhesive medium 9, which is a high-toughness epoxy resin-based adhesive medium. The electrode terminals are located on the outside of the steel anchor cylinder or near the port of the steel anchor cylinder, and an insulating sleeve, insulating gasket, or insulating encapsulation layer is provided between the electrode terminals and the steel anchor cylinder. This ensures that when the energy storage control unit 7 supplies power to the electrically heated FRP cable 1, the current mainly flows along the length of the electrically heated FRP cable 1 and does not leak through the anchor.

[0049] A piezoelectric fiber layer 2 is disposed on the outer periphery of the electrically heated FRP cable 1. The piezoelectric fiber layer 2 is composed of piezoelectric fibers or piezoelectric composite materials. The piezoelectric fibers can be PZT piezoelectric fibers, PVDF piezoelectric fibers, or composite fibers formed from piezoelectric ceramic fibers and flexible resin. The piezoelectric fiber layer 2 can be fixed to the outer surface of the electrically heated FRP cable 1 by helical winding, axial laying, or circumferential partitioning. In this embodiment, the piezoelectric fiber layer 2 is helically wound around the outer periphery of the electrically heated FRP cable 1, so that when the electrically heated FRP cable 1 undergoes axial tension, lateral bending, or vibration, the piezoelectric fiber layer 2 can generate mechanical strain and output an AC signal through the positive piezoelectric effect.

[0050] A triboelectric fiber layer 3 is disposed on the outer periphery of the piezoelectric fiber layer 2. The triboelectric fiber layer 3 is made of a dielectric material with triboelectric effect, which can be one or more of polyvinylidene fluoride, polytetrafluoroethylene, fluorinated ethylene propylene copolymer, polyimide, nylon, or silicone rubber. In this embodiment, the triboelectric fiber layer 3 is formed by combining a polytetrafluoroethylene fiber layer and a conductive electrode layer, and is continuously wrapped around the outer side of the piezoelectric fiber layer 2 along the length direction of the electrically heated FRP cable 1.

[0051] To ensure that the triboelectric fiber layer 3 can effectively generate triboelectric output during the vibration of the cable during service, a contact-separation interface is provided between the piezoelectric fiber layer 2 and the triboelectric fiber layer 3. The contact-separation interface includes elastic spacers spaced at intervals along the length of the electrically heated FRP cable 1 and micro-protrusions on the outer surface of the piezoelectric fiber layer 2. The elastic spacers create local micro-gaps between the piezoelectric fiber layer 2 and the triboelectric fiber layer 3, while the micro-protrusions increase the contact area and interface charge density. When the electrically heated FRP cable 1 is subjected to micro-vibrations caused by wind loads, vehicle loads, or temperature changes, the piezoelectric fiber layer 2 and the triboelectric fiber layer 3 undergo periodic contact separation or micro-slippage at the contact-separation interface, thereby outputting triboelectric energy through triboelectric charging and electrostatic induction effects.

[0052] The flexible waterproof insulating sleeve 4 completely covers the outer side of the piezoelectric fiber layer 2 and the triboelectric fiber layer 3. The flexible waterproof insulating sleeve 4 is made of a weather-resistant elastic polymer material, such as silicone rubber, polyurethane elastomer, fluororubber, or modified polyolefin material. The flexible waterproof insulating sleeve 4 serves to prevent rainwater, salt spray, and snow from corroding the piezoelectric fiber layer 2, the triboelectric fiber layer 3, and their electrodes, while also providing external insulation protection for the cable body. To reduce ice adhesion, the outer surface of the flexible waterproof insulating sleeve 4 can also be coated with a hydrophobic coating or a wear-resistant and UV-resistant coating.

[0053] The energy storage control unit 7 is located on the side of the electrically heated FRP cable 1 near the front anchor 5. Of course, in other embodiments, the energy storage control unit 7 can also be located near the rear anchor 6, or located on the bridge structure near the end of the cable.

[0054] The temperature controller 8 is signal-connected to the energy storage control unit 7. The temperature controller 8 can be independently located outside the energy storage control unit 7 or integrated within it. In this embodiment, the temperature controller 8 is located on the lower side of the energy storage control unit 7 and is connected to the pulse heating output module within the energy storage control unit 7 via a signal line. The temperature controller 8 has preset critical freezing temperature threshold, safe temperature threshold, and non-freezing maintenance temperature range. The critical freezing temperature threshold can be set to 0°C, the safe temperature threshold can be set to 15°C to 20°C, and the non-freezing maintenance temperature range can be set to 3°C to 15°C.

[0055] Temperature sensor 12 is housed within a flexible waterproof insulating sleeve 4 and positioned close to the outer surface of the electrically heated FRP cable 1. Temperature sensor 12 can be a thermistor, platinum resistance temperature sensor, or fiber optic temperature sensor. Temperature sensor 12 is connected to the input terminal of temperature controller 8 via wire 10 for real-time acquisition of the cable temperature of the electrically heated FRP cable 1. To improve temperature detection accuracy, multiple temperature sensors 12 can be spaced along the length of the electrically heated FRP cable 1. Temperature controller 8 determines the minimum temperature value, average temperature value, or temperature drop rate based on the temperature data acquired by the multiple temperature sensors 12.

[0056] The spiral coil 11 is sleeved on the outer periphery of the flexible waterproof insulating sleeve 4 and located near the energy storage control unit 7. The spiral coil 11 is formed by winding insulated copper wire or enameled copper wire, and its two ends are electrically connected to the energy sharing terminal of the energy storage control unit 7 via conductors 10. The spiral coil 11 can be connected to a resonant compensation circuit, enabling it to generate an alternating magnetic field in energy emission mode and receive the alternating magnetic field generated by adjacent cables in energy receiving mode, thus forming an induced electromotive force. The spiral coil 11 is preferably arranged near the anchoring end of the cable, maintaining a small distance between the spiral coils 11 of adjacent cables, thereby improving electromagnetic coupling efficiency.

[0057] The working process of this embodiment is as follows.

[0058] During normal service, the electrically heated FRP cable 1 is subjected to factors such as wind load, vehicle vibration load, bridge deck vibration transmission, and temperature changes, resulting in micro-vibration, bending deformation, or axial tensile deformation. The deformation of the electrically heated FRP cable 1 causes synchronous strain in the piezoelectric fiber layer 2 located on its outer periphery. The piezoelectric fiber layer 2 generates charge through the positive piezoelectric effect and outputs an AC signal. Simultaneously, due to the contact-separation interface between the piezoelectric fiber layer 2 and the friction fiber layer 3, when the cable vibrates or bends, periodic contact separation or micro-slippage occurs between the piezoelectric fiber layer 2 and the friction fiber layer 3. The friction fiber layer 3 generates charge through triboelectric charging and electrostatic induction effects and outputs an AC signal.

[0059] The electrical signals output from the piezoelectric fiber layer 2 and the triboelectric fiber layer 3 are transmitted via wire 10 to the rectifier and voltage regulator module of the energy storage control unit 7. The rectifier and voltage regulator module rectifies, filters, boosts, or bucks the input AC signal to convert it into DC power suitable for the energy storage module. The processed DC power enters the energy storage module for storage. The energy storage state detection module monitors the state of charge of the energy storage module in real time and transmits the state of charge to the temperature controller 8 or the control circuit within the energy storage control unit 7.

[0060] In cold service environments, temperature sensor 12 collects the temperature of the electrically heated FRP cable 1 in real time. When temperature controller 8 determines that the cable temperature is lower than or equal to the critical freezing temperature threshold, or when the cable temperature is higher than the critical freezing temperature threshold but continues to decrease at a rate exceeding a preset rate of decrease threshold, temperature controller 8 further reads the state of charge of the energy storage module. When the state of charge of the energy storage module is higher than the heating start threshold, temperature controller 8 sends a heating start command to energy storage control unit 7.

[0061] Upon receiving the heating start command, the energy storage control unit 7 does not continuously supply power to the electrically heated FRP cable 1 at its rated power. Instead, it generates pulse heating parameters based on the cable temperature, the rate of temperature change, and the state of charge of the energy storage module. These pulse heating parameters include one or more of the following: output voltage, output current, pulse width, pulse period, duty cycle, and heating duration. When the cable temperature is low and the rate of temperature drop is high, the energy storage control unit 7 increases the output voltage, extends the pulse width, or increases the duty cycle. When the state of charge of the energy storage module decreases, the energy storage control unit 7 decreases the output voltage, shortens the pulse width, extends the pulse period, or decreases the duty cycle. In this way, the limited stored electrical energy is preferentially used to prevent icing on the cable surface or to promote the melting of the ice layer at the cable interface.

[0062] During pulse heating, the energy storage control unit 7 applies a pulse voltage to the electrode terminals at both ends of the electrically heated FRP cable 1 via the wire 10. Current flows along the carbon fiber conductive path in the electrically heated FRP cable 1, and the cable 1 generates Joule heat using its own resistance, raising the surface temperature of the cable. When there is already an ice layer on the cable surface, the heat generated by the electrically heated FRP cable 1 raises the interface temperature between the ice layer and the flexible waterproof insulating sheath 4, reducing the adhesion of the ice layer and promoting its detachment or melting. When no obvious ice layer has formed on the cable surface, the heat generated by the electrically heated FRP cable 1 maintains the cable surface within a non-icing temperature range, thus providing an anti-icing effect.

[0063] During the heating process, temperature sensor 12 continuously feeds back the cable temperature to temperature controller 8. When the cable temperature reaches the safe temperature threshold, temperature controller 8 sends a power reduction command to energy storage control unit 7, which then reduces the output voltage, reduces the duty cycle, or stops outputting pulsed power. When the cable temperature drops to near the lower limit of the non-icing maintenance temperature range, energy storage control unit 7 resumes outputting pulsed power to the electrically heated FRP cable 1 with a lower duty cycle. Through this closed-loop control, the cable temperature is maintained within the non-icing maintenance temperature range, avoiding energy waste caused by traditional continuous heating and electrical shocks caused by frequent switching.

[0064] Example 2: Based on Embodiment 1, the energy storage control unit 7 is a sealed enclosure, internally housing a rectification and voltage regulation module, an energy storage module, an energy storage status detection module, a charge / discharge management module, a pulse heating output module, and an energy sharing control module. The output electrodes of the piezoelectric fiber layer 2 and the triboelectric fiber layer 3 are connected to the rectification and voltage regulation module via wires 10. The rectification and voltage regulation module rectifies, filters, and regulates the AC signals output from the piezoelectric fiber layer 2 and the triboelectric fiber layer 3 before sending them to the energy storage module. The energy storage module can employ a supercapacitor, a lithium-ion battery, or a hybrid energy storage structure composed of a supercapacitor and a lithium-ion battery. The energy storage status detection module detects the state of charge of the energy storage module, and the charge / discharge management module controls the charging, discharging, and overcharge / over-discharge protection of the energy storage module.

[0065] Example 3: When multiple self-powered pulse de-icing FRP cables as described in Embodiment 1 are provided in the same structure, the helical coils 11 of two adjacent FRP cables can form an electromagnetic induction wireless energy sharing channel. Specifically, when the state of charge of the energy storage module of a certain FRP cable is higher than the energy sharing threshold, and its own cable temperature is within the non-icing maintenance temperature range, the cable is identified as the power supply cable; when the state of charge of the energy storage module of an adjacent FRP cable is lower than the power receiving threshold, and the cable temperature of the adjacent FRP cable is lower than or close to the critical icing temperature threshold, the adjacent FRP cable is identified as the power receiving cable.

[0066] The energy storage control unit 7 of the power supply cable outputs a changing current to the spiral coil 11 of the cable through the energy sharing control module, generating an alternating magnetic field around the spiral coil 11. The spiral coil 11 of the power receiving cable is located within the range of this alternating magnetic field and generates an induced electromotive force due to electromagnetic induction. After rectifying and stabilizing the induced electromotive force, the energy storage control unit 7 of the power receiving cable stores it in the energy storage module of the power receiving cable, or directly uses it as an auxiliary power input pulse heating output module to provide de-icing power to the electrically heated FRP cable 1 of the power receiving cable. Preferably, the spiral coil 11 of the power supply cable and the spiral coil 11 of the power receiving cable adopt a matched resonant frequency to improve the electromagnetic induction energy transfer efficiency between adjacent cables.

[0067] Example 4: This embodiment provides a control method for a self-powered pulse de-icing FRP cable, implemented using the self-powered pulse de-icing FRP cable based on piezoelectric-triboelectric composite energy harvesting described in Embodiment 1. The de-icing control method includes: S1. During the service of FRP cable, the vibration, bending or tensile deformation of the electrically heated FRP cable is converted into piezoelectric energy through the piezoelectric fiber layer, and the contact separation or micro-slippage between the piezoelectric fiber layer and the friction fiber layer is converted into triboelectric energy through the friction fiber layer. S2. The piezoelectric energy and the triboelectric energy are input into the energy storage control unit, and after rectification, voltage regulation and charging management, they are stored in the energy storage module; S3. Obtain the temperature of the electrically heated FRP cable through a temperature sensor, and obtain the energy storage status of the energy storage module through an energy storage status detection module; S4. Determine whether the heating start-up conditions are met based on the temperature of the cable and the energy storage state. S5. When the heating start-up conditions are met, the energy storage control unit generates pulse heating parameters based on the cable temperature, the rate of change of the cable temperature, and the energy storage state, and outputs pulse electrical energy to the electrically heated FRP cable according to the pulse heating parameters. S6. The electrically heated FRP cable uses its own resistance to generate Joule heat, which raises the surface temperature of the electrically heated FRP cable to perform de-icing or anti-icing. S7. When the temperature of the cable body reaches the safe temperature threshold or the temperature range that does not freeze, the energy storage control unit reduces the output voltage, reduces the duty cycle, or stops outputting pulse power. S8. When the energy storage state is higher than the energy sharing threshold, the energy storage control unit outputs a changing current to the spiral coil, causing the spiral coil to generate an alternating magnetic field, so as to share electrical energy with the adjacent FRP cable through electromagnetic induction.

[0068] In step S4, the heating start conditions include: The cable temperature is lower than or equal to the critical freezing temperature threshold; or, the cable temperature is higher than the critical freezing temperature threshold but lower than the warning temperature threshold, and the rate of decrease of the cable temperature is greater than the preset rate of decrease threshold. Furthermore, the energy storage state is higher than the heating start-up threshold.

[0069] In step S5, the pulse heating parameters include output voltage, pulse width, pulse period, duty cycle, and heating duration; When the energy storage state decreases, the energy storage control unit reduces the output voltage, shortens the pulse width, lengthens the pulse period, or reduces the duty cycle; When the temperature of the cable body is below the critical freezing temperature threshold and the rate of decrease increases, the energy storage control unit increases the output voltage, extends the pulse width, shortens the pulse period, or increases the duty cycle.

[0070] In step S8, when the energy storage control unit controls the spiral coil of the main cable to enter the energy emission state and controls the spiral coil of the adjacent FRP cable to enter the energy reception state when the energy storage state of the main cable is higher than the energy sharing threshold and the energy storage state of the adjacent FRP cable is lower than the energy receiving threshold.

[0071] The spiral coil of the main cable and the spiral coil of the adjacent FRP cable adopt the same or matched resonant frequency to improve the electromagnetic induction energy transmission efficiency between the main cable and the adjacent FRP cable.

[0072] During the above control process, the energy storage control unit 7 continuously monitors the heating current, heating voltage, energy storage module temperature, spiral coil 11 current, and the signal status of temperature sensor 12 of the electric heating FRP cable 1.

[0073] When the heating current exceeds the preset overcurrent threshold, the output voltage is abnormal, the energy storage module temperature exceeds the preset temperature threshold, the temperature sensor 12 signal is lost, the spiral coil 11 is short-circuited, or the temperature of the electrically heated FRP cable 1 exceeds the safe temperature threshold Tsafe, the energy storage control unit 7 immediately cuts off the corresponding output circuit and records the abnormal state. If necessary, the energy storage control unit 7 retains only the energy harvesting and storage functions, suspending the heating output and energy sharing output to ensure the safety of the FRP cable and electrical system.

[0074] The energy storage control unit 7 is a sealed enclosure, internally housing a rectification and voltage regulation module, an energy storage module, an energy storage status detection module, a charge / discharge management module, a pulse heating output module, and an energy sharing control module. The output electrodes of the piezoelectric fiber layer 2 and the triboelectric fiber layer 3 are connected to the rectification and voltage regulation module via wires 10. The rectification and voltage regulation module rectifies, filters, and regulates the AC signals output from the piezoelectric fiber layer 2 and the triboelectric fiber layer 3 before sending them to the energy storage module. The energy storage module can employ a supercapacitor, a lithium-ion battery, or a hybrid energy storage structure composed of a supercapacitor and a lithium-ion battery. The energy storage status detection module detects the state of charge of the energy storage module, and the charge / discharge management module controls the charging, discharging, and overcharge / over-discharge protection of the energy storage module.

[0075] Through the above control method, this embodiment can adaptively determine whether to start heating and how to perform pulse heating based on the environmental mechanical energy input state, energy storage module charge state, and cable temperature state during cable service. Compared to simple temperature-on-off heating control, this embodiment uses both energy storage state and temperature change trend as control criteria, which can improve de-icing efficiency under limited self-powered energy conditions. Compared to independent de-icing control of a single cable, this embodiment can also share electromagnetic induction energy among multiple FRP cables based on differences in energy storage and icing risk, thereby improving the overall de-icing reliability of the cable group.

[0076] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A self-powered pulse de-icing FRP cable, characterized in that, It includes electrically heated FRP cable, piezoelectric fiber layer, triboelectric fiber layer, flexible waterproof insulating sheath, energy storage control unit, temperature sensor, helical coil and wire; The electrically heated FRP cable includes a conductive fiber reinforced composite material cable body, and electrode terminals are respectively provided at both ends of the electrically heated FRP cable. The electrode terminals are electrically connected to the heating output terminal of the energy storage control unit through the wire. The piezoelectric fiber layer is disposed on the outer periphery of the electrically heated FRP cable, and the friction fiber layer is disposed on the outer periphery of the piezoelectric fiber layer or disposed in combination with the piezoelectric fiber layer. The piezoelectric fiber layer and the friction fiber layer are respectively electrically connected to the energy input terminal of the energy storage control unit through the wire. The flexible waterproof insulating sheath covers the outside of the piezoelectric fiber layer and the triboelectric fiber layer; The temperature sensor is disposed on the surface of the electrically heated FRP cable, inside the piezoelectric fiber layer, inside the triboelectric fiber layer, or inside the flexible waterproof insulating sheath, and is signal-connected to the energy storage control unit; The energy storage control unit is used to receive and store the electrical energy output by the piezoelectric fiber layer and the triboelectric fiber layer, and output electrical energy to the electrically heated FRP cable in a pulse power supply manner according to the cable temperature collected by the temperature sensor and the energy storage status of the energy storage control unit, so that the electrically heated FRP cable can generate Joule heat by utilizing its own resistance for de-icing or anti-icing.

2. The self-powered pulse de-icing FRP cable according to claim 1, characterized in that, The spiral coil is sleeved on the outer periphery of the flexible waterproof insulating sheath and is electrically connected to the energy sharing terminal of the energy storage control unit. The energy storage control unit is also used to output a variable current to the spiral coil when the energy sharing conditions are met, so as to transmit electrical energy to the adjacent FRP cable through electromagnetic induction.

3. The self-powered pulse de-icing FRP cable according to claim 2, characterized in that, A contact-separation interface is provided between the piezoelectric fiber layer and the triboelectric fiber layer. The contact-separation interface includes micro-protrusions, corrugated interfaces, elastic spacers, spacer support points, or local non-bonded areas, so that when the electrically heated FRP cable vibrates or bends, periodic contact separation or micro-slippage occurs between the piezoelectric fiber layer and the triboelectric fiber layer.

4. The self-powered pulse de-icing FRP cable according to claim 2, characterized in that, The energy storage control unit determines at least one of the following: output voltage, output current, pulse width, pulse period, and duty cycle of the pulse power supply mode, based on the cable temperature, the rate of change of the cable temperature, and the energy storage state.

5. The self-powered pulse de-icing FRP cable according to claim 2, characterized in that, The end of the electrically heated FRP cable is anchored in the anchorage by an adhesive medium, which is an epoxy resin-based adhesive medium, a cement-based adhesive medium, or an inorganic-organic composite adhesive medium. An insulating encapsulation layer is provided between the adhesive medium and the electrode terminal.

6. A de-icing control method for a self-powered pulse de-icing FRP cable, characterized in that, The de-icing is implemented using the self-powered pulse de-icing FRP cable according to any one of claims 2 to 5, wherein the de-icing control method includes: S1. During the service of FRP cable, the vibration, bending or tensile deformation of the electrically heated FRP cable is converted into piezoelectric energy through the piezoelectric fiber layer, and the contact separation or micro-slippage between the piezoelectric fiber layer and the friction fiber layer is converted into triboelectric energy through the friction fiber layer. S2. Input the piezoelectric energy and the triboelectric energy into the energy storage control unit; S3. Obtain the temperature of the electrically heated FRP cable through a temperature sensor, and obtain the energy storage status of the energy storage module through an energy storage status detection module; S4. Determine whether the heating start-up conditions are met based on the temperature of the cable and the energy storage state. S5. When the heating start-up conditions are met, the energy storage control unit generates pulse heating parameters based on the cable temperature, the rate of change of the cable temperature, and the energy storage state, and outputs pulse electrical energy to the electrically heated FRP cable according to the pulse heating parameters. S6. The electrically heated FRP cable uses its own resistance to generate Joule heat, which raises the surface temperature of the electrically heated FRP cable to perform de-icing or anti-icing. S7. When the temperature of the cable body reaches the safe temperature threshold or the temperature range that does not freeze, the energy storage control unit reduces the output voltage, reduces the duty cycle, or stops outputting pulse power. S8. When the energy storage state is higher than the energy sharing threshold, the energy storage control unit outputs a changing current to the spiral coil, causing the spiral coil to generate an alternating magnetic field, so as to share electrical energy with the adjacent FRP cable through electromagnetic induction.

7. The de-icing control method according to claim 6, characterized in that, In step S4, the heating start conditions include: The cable temperature is lower than or equal to the critical freezing temperature threshold; or, the cable temperature is higher than the critical freezing temperature threshold but lower than the warning temperature threshold, and the rate of decrease of the cable temperature is greater than the preset rate of decrease threshold. Furthermore, the energy storage state is higher than the heating start-up threshold.

8. The de-icing control method according to claim 6, characterized in that, In step S5, the pulse heating parameters include output voltage, pulse width, pulse period, duty cycle, and heating duration; When the energy storage state decreases, the energy storage control unit reduces the output voltage, shortens the pulse width, lengthens the pulse period, or reduces the duty cycle; When the temperature of the cable body is below the critical freezing temperature threshold and the rate of decrease increases, the energy storage control unit increases the output voltage, extends the pulse width, shortens the pulse period, or increases the duty cycle.

9. A collaborative de-icing system using FRP cables, characterized in that, Includes multiple self-powered pulse de-icing FRP cables as described in any one of claims 2 to 5; Each of the self-powered pulse de-icing FRP cables includes an energy storage control unit and a helical coil, and the helical coils of two adjacent self-powered pulse de-icing FRP cables are within the electromagnetic coupling range. The energy storage control unit of any of the self-powered pulse de-icing FRP cables is used to control the spiral coil of the cable to generate an alternating magnetic field when the energy storage state of the cable is higher than the energy sharing threshold and the energy storage state of the adjacent cable is lower than the energy receiving threshold, so as to generate an induced electromotive force in the spiral coil of the adjacent cable to provide de-icing power to the adjacent cable.

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