A hierarchical cellular energy-absorbing structure and energy-absorbing device with spatial staggered hierarchical load bearing

Abstract

The application discloses a hierarchical cellular energy-absorbing structure with spatial staggered hierarchical bearing, which is formed by a plurality of thin-walled hierarchical cells connected by common walls or connecting walls around a central hole cavity to form a continuous closed annular hierarchical topology. The bottom ends of the cells are coplanar, and the top ends are provided with at least three discrete axial height levels, and the circumferentially adjacent cells have different heights to form non-coplanar spatial staggered hierarchical contact end faces. When axially compressed, the highest height level is first contacted and bears, and the remaining height levels are sequentially involved in crushing with compression displacement, thereby reducing the initial simultaneous bearing area. Simulation results show that, compared with a common full-height structure with the same parameters, the mass of the structure is reduced by about 39.1%, the initial peak force is reduced by about 72.7%, and the specific energy absorption is increased by about 45.6%. The application can be widely applied to vehicle cushioning, protective sandwich and lightweight impact-resistant devices.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of lightweight energy absorption and impact-resistant protective structure technology, specifically to a hierarchical honeycomb energy absorption structure and energy absorption device with spatially staggered and graded load-bearing capacity. Background Technology

[0002] Thin-walled honeycomb structures and hierarchical honeycomb structures possess advantages such as high specific strength, low density, excellent energy dissipation capacity during plastic deformation, and strong design flexibility. They are widely used in vehicle buffer components, protective sandwich panels, equipment anti-collision components, rail transit energy-absorbing units, and transport packaging cushioning core layers. Hierarchical honeycomb structures, by introducing secondary cell walls or nested sub-cells within the basic cell, can increase the number of plastic hinges during the crushing process, improve the local stability of the structure, and enhance energy absorption efficiency.

[0003] In existing technologies, common techniques for controlling the crushing process of honeycomb structures and reducing initial peak forces include: connecting honeycomb layers with different topologies along the axial direction, setting wall thickness or shape gradients, and setting multiple independent energy-absorbing units at different heights to achieve staggered load bearing. However, all of the above solutions have certain limitations: axially connected structures require additional interlayer connection structures and arrangement space, resulting in low overall height utilization; solutions using multiple independent energy-absorbing units rely on the assembly of discrete components, leading to poor structural integrity and discontinuous load-bearing paths; and for integrally formed hierarchical honeycomb structures, if the top is still designed with equal height and coplanarity, a large number of cell walls will simultaneously contact and bear the load during the initial axial loading stage, easily generating high initial peak forces and causing impact damage to the protected object.

[0004] Furthermore, in conventional full-height hierarchical honeycomb structures, the cell walls often extend throughout the entire structure, resulting in a singular material distribution along the axial direction and low material utilization in areas not involved in deformation during the early stages of crushing. Therefore, there is an urgent need in this field for a hierarchical honeycomb energy-absorbing structure that combines structural integration, lightweight design, low initial peak force, and high specific energy absorption. This structure should achieve graded load-bearing and sequential crushing without relying on discrete energy-absorbing units or axially stacked structures, thereby improving material utilization efficiency and energy absorption performance. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of this invention is to address the shortcomings of existing technologies by providing a hierarchical honeycomb energy-absorbing structure and device with spatially staggered graded load-bearing capacity. Within a single continuous honeycomb body, graded contact and sequential crushing are achieved through a circumferentially staggered discrete height design, solving the problems of high initial peak force and low material utilization in traditional uniform height hierarchical honeycomb structures, while maintaining the integrity and load-bearing continuity of the structure.

[0006] To achieve the above-mentioned technical features, the objective of this invention is as follows: The first aspect of this invention provides a spatially staggered, hierarchical, cellular energy-absorbing structure, comprising a structurally continuous cellular body. The cross-section of the cellular body is a closed annular hierarchical topology formed around a central cavity, and is composed of multiple axially extending thin-walled hierarchical cells arranged circumferentially along the central cavity. Adjacent thin-walled hierarchical cells are connected by a shared cell wall or a continuous connecting wall, without using independent discrete energy-absorbing tubes as hierarchical units.

[0007] Each of the thin-walled hierarchical cells includes an outer polygonal cell wall, at least one inner polygonal cell wall disposed inside the outer polygonal cell wall, and a connecting wall connecting the outer polygonal cell wall and the inner polygonal cell wall; the nested hierarchical structure is used to form multiple plastic folding paths to improve the energy absorption capacity per unit volume.

[0008] The bottom ends of multiple thin-walled hierarchical cells are located on the same reference plane, and the top ends belong to at least three discrete axial height levels. The thin-walled hierarchical cells arranged adjacent to each other along the circumference of the central cavity have different axial heights, so that the top end of the honeycomb body forms a non-coplanar spatial staggered hierarchical contact end face.

[0009] During axial compression, the loading end first contacts the local thin-walled layer cell corresponding to the highest axial height level, and the initial bearing area is significantly smaller than the total cross-sectional area. As the compression displacement increases, the remaining height levels contact the loading end in sequence from high to low axial height and participate in the crushing, so that different height levels are put into bearing load in a time-sharing manner within the continuous honeycomb body of the same structure, thereby achieving graded energy dissipation.

[0010] Furthermore, multiple thin-walled hierarchical cells are continuously distributed between the central cavity and the outer contour of the honeycomb body. They form an integrated load-bearing path through shared cell walls or continuous connecting walls, so that the height levels that participate in the crushing first and those that participate in the crushing later maintain circumferential and radial structural coupling and load transfer. The crushing area can provide lateral constraints to the adjacent areas that do not fully participate, which is different from the simple combination of discrete energy-absorbing units.

[0011] Furthermore, the discrete axial height levels include a first height h1, a second height h2, a third height h3, up to the nth height h. n The condition 0 < h1 < h2 < h3 < ... < h n =H, where H is the maximum design height of the honeycomb body, n≥3; at least one set of thin-walled layer cells are arranged in staggered order of height along the circumference of the central cavity.

[0012] Furthermore, for any height h j <H height level, where the top of the initial undeformed state has a geometrical distance δ between it and the loaded end located at height H. j =H - h jThe geometric spacing δ j Corresponding to the nominal trigger displacement at which the height level begins to contact the loading end, the h value of each height level is adjusted. j The value can precisely adjust the timing of the corresponding cell participating in the crushing.

[0013] Furthermore, the height difference between two adjacent height levels is Δh. i =h i+1 -h i i = 1, 2, ..., n-1; the height difference between adjacent heights can be set to be equal or unequal, by adjusting Δh. i The value can stagger the contact events of adjacent height levels in terms of compressive displacement, thereby adjusting the load growth rate and secondary load peak value in the graded load bearing process.

[0014] Furthermore, the highest axial height level occupies only a portion of the circumferential range at the top of the honeycomb body, so that only the local cell wall corresponding to the highest height level contacts the loading end during the initial axial loading stage; axial gaps are maintained between the tops of the other height levels and the loading end, which geometrically reduces the total area of ​​the cell wall that is initially simultaneously borne, thereby reducing the initial peak force from the root.

[0015] Furthermore, the outer polygonal cell wall, the inner polygonal cell wall, and the connecting wall can all have the same nominal wall thickness; at least one of the following can also be provided in a preset initial crushing region at at least one height level: a local thinning section, a notch, or a rounded corner transition structure, to induce local preferential buckling, smooth the load jump during height level switching, and improve load stability.

[0016] Furthermore, the honeycomb body can be made of thermoplastic polymer, aluminum alloy, steel, titanium alloy or fiber reinforced composite material; when thermoplastic polymer or metal material is used, it can be integrally formed by additive manufacturing; when metal material is used, it can also be formed by forming thin plates and then welding, brazing or mechanical connection to form a continuous whole structure.

[0017] A second aspect of the present invention provides a lightweight energy-absorbing device, including an upper panel, a lower panel, and at least one of the aforementioned spatially staggered, hierarchical honeycomb energy-absorbing structures disposed between the upper panel and the lower panel; the axial direction of the honeycomb body is consistent with the normal direction of the upper panel and the lower panel, the bottom end of the honeycomb body is fixedly connected to the lower panel, and the top end of the highest axial height level is initially in contact with the upper panel.

[0018] Furthermore, the multiple cellular bodies can be arranged in a two-dimensional array, and the highest axial height of adjacent cellular bodies is located in different circumferential orientations, so that the initial contact areas of each cellular body are spatially misaligned, suppressing the overall peak load formed by the synchronous crushing of multiple cellular bodies in the array, and further improving the energy absorption stability of the array structure.

[0019] The present invention has the following beneficial effects: 1. The present invention adopts a single structure continuous closed ring-shaped hierarchical honeycomb body. Cells of different height levels are connected into one body through a shared cell wall or continuous connecting wall, eliminating the need for separate energy-absorbing units or interlayer connection structures. The structure has higher rigidity and load transfer efficiency, and is also easy to manufacture in one piece.

[0020] 2. By using a circumferentially staggered discrete height design, only the cell wall at the highest local height level participates in bearing the load during the initial loading stage, which greatly reduces the cell wall area that is simultaneously bearing the load at the beginning, avoids the high initial peak value generated by synchronous buckling of the entire cross section, and effectively reduces the damage of impact load to the protected object.

[0021] 3. By spatially redistributing the material along the axial direction, the amount of material used in unnecessary full-height areas is reduced, and the structural weight is reduced while keeping the outer envelope size and cell wall thickness unchanged. At the same time, the staged crushing mode allows the material to gradually contribute to deformation energy consumption, improving the material utilization rate and achieving a significant improvement in specific energy absorption.

[0022] 4. By adjusting the number of height levels, the height values ​​of each level, the distribution of height differences, and the circumferential arrangement, the timing of the collapse of each cell and the rate of load growth can be precisely controlled; combined with local induced structures, load fluctuations can be further smoothed out to adapt to different impact protection requirements.

[0023] 5. This structure can be used as a single energy-absorbing element or assembled into a sandwich structure or a two-dimensional array structure. It is compatible with a variety of materials such as polymers and metals and various processes such as additive manufacturing and sheet metal forming. It can be applied to multiple fields such as vehicle cushioning, sandwich protection, equipment anti-collision, and transport packaging. Attached Figure Description

[0024] The present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments.

[0025] Figure 1 The following are multiple views of the hierarchical honeycomb energy-absorbing structure with spatial staggered hierarchical load-bearing as described in this invention, wherein (a) is the front view, (b) is the side view, (c) is the top view, and (d) is the axonometric view. Figure 2 This is a comparative diagram of a spatially staggered hierarchical honeycomb structure and a regular full-height hierarchical honeycomb structure, where (a) is a spatially staggered hierarchical honeycomb structure and (b) is a regular full-height hierarchical honeycomb structure. Figure 3 A comparison of axial compressive force-displacement curves between a spatially staggered hierarchical honeycomb structure and a conventional full-height hierarchical honeycomb structure using PLA material; Figure 4 A bar chart comparing the specific energy absorption of the two structures; Figure 5This is a schematic diagram of the lightweight energy absorption device described in this invention.

[0026] The markings in the diagram are as follows: 1-Central cavity, 2-Outer polygonal cell wall, 3-Inner polygonal cell wall, 4-Connecting wall, 5-First height level, 6-Second height level, 7-Third height level, 8-Fourth height level. Detailed Implementation

[0027] The present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are only for explaining the present invention and are not intended to limit the scope of protection of the present invention. Any equivalent substitutions or adaptive adjustments made to structural features, parameters, and implementation methods based on the technical principles of the present invention, without departing from the core concept of the present invention, should fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0028] The core of this invention lies in the interconnection of multiple thin-walled hierarchical cells within a continuous, closed-loop hierarchical honeycomb structure. Their bottom ends are coplanar, their top ends have discrete heights, and they are staggered circumferentially along the central cavity, allowing different regions to contact and participate in crushing according to a displacement sequence. While maintaining the above structural relationship, the polygonal form of the cells, the number of layers, the number of height levels, the local triggering structure, and the materials can all be adjusted accordingly.

[0029] Example 1: Four-level PLA hierarchical honeycomb energy-absorbing structure with equal height difference like Figure 1 As shown, in this embodiment, the honeycomb body forms a closed ring-shaped hierarchical topology around the central cavity 1, with an overall outer envelope size of 31mm × 31mm, a maximum design height H of 30mm, and a nominal cell wall thickness of 1mm. Multiple thin-walled hierarchical cells are continuously arranged circumferentially along the central cavity 1, and adjacent cells are connected by a shared cell wall or a continuous connecting wall 4, forming a single continuous structure rather than an assembly of discrete energy-absorbing tubes.

[0030] Each thin-walled hierarchical cell includes an outer polygonal cell wall 2, an inner polygonal cell wall 3 located inside the outer polygonal cell wall 2, and a connecting wall 4 connecting the two, forming a double-nested hierarchical topology. The bottom of each cell is located on the same reference plane, and the top is divided into four discrete axial height levels: the first height level 5 (h1=5mm), the second height level 6 (h2=13.33mm), the third height level 7 (h3=21.66mm), and the fourth height level 8 (h4=30mm). The height difference between adjacent cells is approximately 8.33~8.34mm, showing an equal height difference distribution. The four height levels are arranged in a staggered manner along the circumference of the central cavity 1, so that the top of the honeycomb body forms a three-dimensional stepped non-coplanar contact end face surrounding the central cavity.

[0031] This embodiment uses PLA material with a density of 1.24 g / cm³, and is integrally formed by fused deposition modeling (FDM). A control sample is set up with a conventional full-height hierarchical honeycomb structure with the same cross-sectional topology, outer envelope size, and cell wall thickness; all cell walls have a height of 30 mm. Figure 2 As shown. Finite element simulations of axial compression under the same boundary conditions were performed on the two structures, and the performance comparison is as follows: 1. Graded load-bearing mechanism In the initial stage of axial loading, only the top of the fourth height stage 8 contacts the loading end, while the other height stages maintain their respective geometrical distances from the loading end. The cell wall area initially bearing load is only about 1 / 4 of the total cross-section, significantly lower than that of a typical full-height structure. When the compressive displacement reaches approximately 8.34 mm, the top of the third height stage 7 contacts the loading end and participates in bearing load; when the displacement reaches approximately 16.67 mm, the second height stage 6 participates in bearing load; after further compression to a displacement of approximately 25 mm, the first height stage 5 participates in the subsequent compaction stage, thus forming a four-stage sequentially triggered graded bearing process. Figure 3 The load steps on the force-displacement curve at approximately 8.5 mm and 16.8 mm are highly consistent with the aforementioned geometrically triggered displacement.

[0032] During the crushing process, the outer polygonal cell wall 2, the inner polygonal cell wall 3, and the connecting wall 4 undergo local buckling, bending, and progressive folding. Since different height levels belong to the same continuous structure, the crushed area provides lateral constraints to the adjacent area through the shared cell wall, guiding the crushing deformation to expand in an orderly manner along the height direction, thus avoiding the lateral instability problem that is prone to occur in discrete units.

[0033] 2. Lightweight and energy absorption performance According to calculations based on the STEP solid model, when using the same PLA density, the masses of the two are approximately 8.363g and 5.095g, respectively, with the mass of the spatially interlaced structure decreasing by approximately 39.1%.

[0034] The area under the force-displacement curve represents the energy absorbed by the structure, EA, which can be expressed as EA=∫F(δ)dδ; specific energy absorption SEA is the ratio of absorbed energy to structural mass, i.e., SEA=EA / m. In this embodiment, the curve intercept point before entering the rapid loading stage at the end is selected as the effective crushing endpoint. According to Figure 3 Based on the integral estimation of the force-displacement curves shown, the energy absorbed by the ordinary full-height structure at its effective crush endpoint is approximately 70.62 J, while that of the spatially staggered structure is approximately 62.62 J. The spatially staggered structure retains approximately 88.7% of the energy absorbed by the ordinary structure with approximately 60.9% of its mass.

[0035] The initial peak force of a standard full-height structure is approximately 6.6 kN, while that of a spatially staggered structure is approximately 1.8 kN, representing a reduction of about 72.7%. Based on their respective effective crush endpoints, the SEA (Self-Acting Ability) of the standard structure is approximately 8.44 J / g, while that of the spatially staggered structure is approximately 12.29 J / g, an increase of about 45.6%. Figure 4 As shown in the figure. The above results demonstrate that spatially staggered graded load-bearing can significantly reduce structural mass and initial peak force while improving energy absorption capacity per unit mass.

[0036] Example 2: Hierarchical honeycomb-like energy-absorbing structure with localized induced structures in non-uniform height difference zone This embodiment shares the same core topology as Embodiment 1, with the difference lying in the height level settings and local structural optimization. This embodiment sets three axial height levels: h1=8mm, h2=20mm, and h3=30mm, with adjacent height differences of 12mm and 10mm, respectively, employing a non-uniform height difference design. Simultaneously, a 0.2mm deep local thinning segment is set in the initial crushing region of the second and third height levels as a buckling-inducing structure.

[0037] The non-uniform height difference design results in a larger contact interval between the first two height levels, a longer initial load stabilization period, and a smaller contact interval between the latter two levels, preventing excessively rapid load growth in the later stages. The local thinning section can induce the cell wall to buckle preferentially at a preset position, reducing the load jump amplitude during height level switching and making the overall force-displacement curve smoother.

[0038] In this embodiment, the cell cross-section adopts a nested form of an outer regular octagon and an inner regular quadrilateral, further enriching the deformation modes of the hierarchical topology. By adjusting the number of height levels, the distribution of height differences, and the induced structural parameters, it is possible to specifically adapt to the load threshold and stability requirements under different impact conditions.

[0039] Example 3: Single-core sandwich lightweight energy absorption device like Figure 5 As shown, this embodiment is a sandwich-type energy-absorbing device containing a single energy-absorbing structure as described above, including an upper panel, a lower panel, and a hierarchical honeycomb energy-absorbing structure arranged between the two in a staggered and graded manner. The axial direction of the honeycomb body is consistent with the normal direction of the upper and lower panels, the bottom end is fixedly connected to the lower panel by adhesive, and the top end is initially in contact with the upper panel at its highest point.

[0040] When the upper panel is subjected to impact load, the load is first transferred to the honeycomb body through the highest height level. As the compressive displacement increases, each height level participates in the crushing energy dissipation in sequence, gradually converting the impact energy into plastic deformation energy. This device is thin and lightweight, and can be directly embedded as a buffer unit in vehicle energy-absorbing boxes, equipment drop protection bases, helmet cushioning cores, or transport packaging cushioning modules. In this embodiment, the upper and lower panels are made of ABS material, and the honeycomb body is made of PLA material, making it suitable for impact protection scenarios with small to medium loads.

[0041] Example 4: Circumferentially Displaced Array Type Aluminum Alloy Energy Absorbing Device This embodiment is a multi-unit array-type energy absorption device, including two aluminum alloy panels, and nine layered honeycomb energy absorption structures made of aluminum alloy arranged in a 3×3 two-dimensional array. The outer envelope size of each honeycomb body is 50mm×50mm, the maximum height H is 50mm, and four axial height levels are set. It is integrally formed by selective laser melting additive manufacturing of aluminum alloy 3003 material.

[0042] The highest height levels of adjacent cell elements in the array are staggered by 90° circumferentially, resulting in an alternating distribution of the initial contact areas of each element on the overall panel. This prevents all nine elements from simultaneously entering the initial crushing stage, effectively reducing the initial peak load of the entire array. Simultaneously, the high plastic deformation capacity of the aluminum alloy material further enhances the structure's total energy absorption, making it suitable for high-load impact protection scenarios such as rail transportation and heavy vehicles.

[0043] In this embodiment, by using the circumferential misalignment design of the array units and combining it with the graded load-bearing characteristics of the single structure, dual load regulation of single-unit graded load and array peak misalignment is achieved, which greatly improves the load stability of the large-size protective structure while maintaining high specific energy absorption.

[0044] Example 5: Adjustment of Height Level and Layout In other embodiments, the number of height levels can be set to three, five, or more. The height differences between adjacent levels can be equal or unequal depending on the target contact time, allowable peak force, or load growth rate. When it is desirable to reduce load jumps caused by concentrated contact at subsequent height levels, the number of height levels can be increased, non-equal height differences can be used, or smaller secondary staggers can be set within the same local area to disperse a single concentrated contact into multiple consecutive contact events. Local thinning sections, notches, or rounded transition structures can also be provided in the predetermined initial crushing region of one or more height levels to induce buckling at predetermined locations and smooth out load changes.

[0045] The height levels are preferably staggered or mirror-staggered circumferentially along the central cavity; without changing the topological continuity of the closed-loop hierarchy, radial height differences can also be superimposed to form a circumferential-radial composite staggered layer. For array-type structures, the highest height levels of adjacent cell elements can be located in different circumferential orientations to prevent multiple cell elements from forming an overall peak at the same time. The cross-section of the hierarchical cells can be hexagonal, octagonal, rectangular, trapezoidal, or a closed polygon composed of straight line segments and circular arc segments.

[0046] The above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the scope of protection of the present invention. Those skilled in the art can make changes, equivalent substitutions, or adaptive adjustments to the above structural features, parameters, and implementation methods without departing from the spirit and substance of the present invention. All technical solutions falling within the scope of protection of the claims of this application are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A hierarchical honeycomb energy-absorbing structure with spatially staggered hierarchical load-bearing capacity, comprising a structurally continuous honeycomb body, characterized in that: The cross-section of the honeycomb body is a closed ring-shaped hierarchical topology formed around the central cavity (1), and is composed of multiple thin-walled hierarchical cells extending along the axis arranged circumferentially along the central cavity (1). Adjacent thin-walled hierarchical cells are connected by a shared cell wall or a continuous connecting wall (4). Each of the thin-walled hierarchical cells includes an outer polygonal cell wall (2), at least one inner polygonal cell wall (3) disposed inside the outer polygonal cell wall (2), and a connecting wall (4) connecting the outer polygonal cell wall (2) and the inner polygonal cell wall (3). The bottom ends of multiple thin-walled hierarchical cells are located on the same reference plane, and the top ends belong to at least three discrete axial height levels respectively. The thin-walled hierarchical cells arranged adjacent to each other along the central cavity (1) have different axial heights, so that the top end of the honeycomb body forms a non-coplanar spatial staggered hierarchical contact end face. During axial compression, the loading end first contacts the local thin-walled layer cell corresponding to the highest axial height level, and then contacts the thin-walled layer cells of the other height levels in order of decreasing axial height as the compression displacement increases, so that different height levels participate in the crushing energy dissipation sequentially within the continuous honeycomb body of the same structure.

2. The hierarchical honeycomb energy-absorbing structure with spatially staggered hierarchical load-bearing capacity according to claim 1, characterized in that: Multiple thin-walled hierarchical cells are continuously distributed between the central cavity (1) and the outer contour of the honeycomb body. They form an integrated and connected load-bearing path through shared cell walls or continuous connecting walls (4), so that the height level that participates in the crushing first and the height level that participates in the crushing later maintain circumferential and radial structural coupling and load transfer.

3. The hierarchical honeycomb energy-absorbing structure with spatially staggered hierarchical load-bearing capacity according to claim 1, characterized in that: The discrete axial height levels include a first height h1, a second height h2, a third height h3, and so on up to the nth height h. n The condition 0 < h1 < h2 < h3 < ... < h n =H, where H is the maximum design height of the honeycomb body, n≥3; at least one set of thin-walled layer cells are arranged in staggered order of height along the circumference of the central cavity (1).

4. The hierarchical honeycomb energy-absorbing structure with spatially staggered hierarchical load-bearing capacity according to claim 3, characterized in that: For any height h j <H height level, where the top of the initial undeformed state has a geometrical distance δ between it and the loaded end located at height H. j =H - h j The geometric spacing δ j The nominal trigger displacement at which this height level begins to contact the loading end is determined by adjusting the h value of each height level. j The value adjusts the timing of cell participation in the crushing process.

5. The hierarchical honeycomb energy-absorbing structure with spatially staggered hierarchical load-bearing capacity according to claim 3, characterized in that: The height difference between two adjacent height levels is Δh i =h i+1 -h i i = 1, 2, ..., n-1; the height difference between adjacent heights may be equal or unequal, which can be adjusted by Δh. i The value of the value is used to stagger the contact events of adjacent height levels in terms of compressive displacement, so as to regulate the load growth rate and secondary load peak value in the graded load bearing process.

6. The hierarchical honeycomb energy-absorbing structure with spatially staggered hierarchical load-bearing capacity according to claim 1, characterized in that: The highest axial height level occupies only a portion of the circumferential range at the top of the honeycomb body, so that only the local cell wall corresponding to the highest height level contacts the loading end during the initial axial loading stage; an axial gap is maintained between the top of the other height levels and the loading end to reduce the total area of ​​the cell wall that is initially simultaneously loaded.

7. The hierarchical honeycomb energy-absorbing structure with spatially staggered hierarchical load-bearing capacity according to claim 1, characterized in that: The outer polygonal cell wall (2), the inner polygonal cell wall (3), and the connecting wall (4) adopt the same nominal wall thickness; or at least one of the following is provided in the preset initial crushing area of ​​at least one height level: a local thinning section, a notch, or a rounded corner transition structure, to induce local preferential buckling and smooth the load jump during height level switching.

8. The hierarchical honeycomb energy-absorbing structure with spatially staggered hierarchical load-bearing capacity according to claim 1, characterized in that: The honeycomb body is made of thermoplastic polymer, aluminum alloy, steel, titanium alloy or fiber reinforced composite material; when thermoplastic polymer or metal material is used, the honeycomb body is integrally formed by additive manufacturing; when metal material is used, the honeycomb body can also be formed into a continuous whole structure by forming thin plates and then welding, brazing or mechanical connection.

9. A lightweight energy absorption device, characterized in that: It includes an upper panel, a lower panel, and at least one hierarchical honeycomb energy-absorbing structure with spatial staggered graded load-bearing as described in any one of claims 1 to 8, disposed between the upper panel and the lower panel; the axial direction of the honeycomb body is consistent with the normal direction of the upper panel and the lower panel, the bottom end of the honeycomb body is fixedly connected to the lower panel, and the top end of the highest axial height level is initially in contact with the upper panel.

10. The lightweight energy absorption device according to claim 9, characterized in that: Multiple cellular bodies are arranged in a two-dimensional array, with the highest axial height of adjacent cellular bodies located in different circumferential orientations, so that the initial contact areas of each cellular body are spatially misaligned, in order to suppress the overall peak load formed by the synchronous initiation of crushing of multiple cellular bodies in the array.

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