A waste rock treatment apparatus for a dump

Abstract

The application discloses a kind of waste rock treatment equipment of dump, including conveying mechanism, detection mechanism and processing execution mechanism, conveying mechanism includes material conveyor one, material conveyor two and material conveyor three arranged in sequence, the feed end of material conveyor two is rotatably connected with the discharge end of material conveyor one, when material conveyor two is overturned downward around rotatable joint, discharge end of material conveyor two and the feed end of material conveyor three form material leakage gap between them;Detection mechanism is arranged in front of the material leakage gap, for detecting the state of material on conveying mechanism, and when identifying clay material, control lifting drive mechanism to act.Compared with prior art, the beneficial effects of the present application are: in the case of infrequent shutdown cleaning, continuous identification, diversion, crushing and washing of clay material in waste rock of dump can be realized, which significantly improves equipment operation stability, processing efficiency and resource utilization level.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of waste rock treatment, specifically relating to a waste rock treatment device for a spoil heap. Background Technology

[0002] A spoil heap is a centralized dumping site for waste rock formed after the topsoil, surrounding rock, and interbedded stones are stripped from open-pit mines. Spoil heaps often contain a large amount of hard rock fragments, with clay and mud adhering to their surfaces. Especially during the rainy season or at the bottom of the spoil heap, the clay layer can reach several millimeters to several centimeters. When this material enters equipment such as jaw crushers and cone crushers, it is subjected to strong pressure and repeated friction within the crushing chamber. The clay is continuously kneaded and undergoes plastic deformation, easily adhering to the inner wall of the crushing chamber, the surface of the crushing teeth, and the discharge port like a paste. As operating time increases, the adhering layer continues to thicken, occupying the effective space of the crushing chamber and gradually narrowing the discharge channel. This leads to a significant decrease in crushing efficiency, obstructed discharge, and increased energy consumption. In severe cases, it can even cause blockages and shutdowns, forcing production to stop and seriously affecting the continuity and economic viability of waste rock resource utilization from spoil heaps.

[0003] When the above problems occur, the only solutions are usually manual scraping, high-pressure water jet washing, or pre-crushing spraying. None of these methods can prevent clay-containing stones from adhering and clogging the existing crushing equipment at the source. Furthermore, downtime cleaning is labor-intensive, requires confined space, and poses high safety risks. High-pressure washing also easily generates large amounts of mud, which is difficult to collect and treat, and can easily cause secondary pollution. While pre-crushing spraying can suppress dust, it often increases the moisture content of the material, which in turn exacerbates the plasticity and adhesiveness of the clay, further worsening the adhesion problem. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of this invention is to provide a waste rock treatment device for spoil heaps to solve the technical problems mentioned in the background above.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides a waste rock treatment device for a spoil heap, comprising a conveying mechanism, a detection mechanism, and a processing execution mechanism. The conveying mechanism includes a material conveyor 1, a material conveyor 2, and a material conveyor 3 arranged sequentially. The inlet end of the material conveyor 2 is rotatably connected to the outlet end of the material conveyor 1. When the material conveyor 2 flips downward around the rotatable connection, a material leakage gap is formed between the outlet end of the material conveyor 2 and the inlet end of the material conveyor 3. The detection mechanism is located in front of the material leakage gap and is used to detect the state of the material on the conveying mechanism. When clay material is detected, the detection mechanism controls the lifting drive mechanism to rotate, causing the material conveyor 2 to flip downward, and the clay material falls through the material leakage gap. The processing execution mechanism includes a primary crushing mechanism and a secondary crushing mechanism. The feed inlet of the crushing mechanism is located below the material leakage gap, used to receive the falling clay material and perform initial crushing; the feed inlet of the secondary crushing mechanism is connected to the discharge outlet of the primary crushing mechanism, used to perform secondary crushing on the material after initial crushing; the secondary crushing mechanism includes an outer shell and an inner roller, the outer shell is provided with a crushing chamber, the inner roller is rotatably installed in the crushing chamber, and an annular crushing gap is formed between the outer wall of the inner roller and the inner wall of the outer shell; the outer wall of the inner roller is provided with a second crushing tooth, and the inner wall of the outer shell is provided with a first crushing tooth that cooperates with the second crushing tooth; the secondary crushing mechanism is provided with a reverse flushing component, which provides flushing water flow opposite to the material conveying direction into the crushing chamber, so that the material is flushed by the reverse water flow during the secondary crushing process, and the clay is peeled off from the surface of the stone.

[0006] In one or more embodiments of the present invention, the inner diameter of the crushing chamber gradually decreases from the feed inlet to the discharge outlet, so that the annular crushing gap gradually decreases from the feed end to the discharge end; the discharge end of the crushing chamber is provided with a temporary storage chamber for collecting materials crushed to the target particle size.

[0007] In one or more embodiments of the present invention, a spiral blade is fixedly connected to the outer wall of the inner roller. The spiral blade extends spirally along the axial direction of the inner roller. The height of the spiral blade is less than the height of the second crushing tooth. It is used to push the material from the feed end to the discharge end when the inner roller rotates, so as to avoid the material from getting stuck in the annular crushing gap.

[0008] In one or more embodiments of the present invention, a liquid flow channel is provided inside the inner roller, and a second spray hole communicating with the liquid flow channel is provided on the outer wall of the inner roller. The liquid flow channel is connected to a water supply pipeline through a rotary joint. The second spray hole is located on one side of the crushing tooth and is used to wash the material radially along the inner roller during the crushing process, so that the water flow covers the entire annular crushing gap.

[0009] In one or more embodiments of the present invention, a plurality of spray holes are provided at the feed inlet of the outer shell. The water outlet of the spray holes is obliquely upward and directed toward the direction of material falling, for the purpose of performing the first flushing when the material enters the secondary crushing mechanism; the spray holes are connected to the water supply pipeline through a water conveying component.

[0010] In one or more embodiments of the present invention, the backwashing assembly includes a water distribution plate, which is fixedly installed on the side of the outer shell near the discharge end. The water outlet direction of the water distribution plate is towards the feed end, and a backwashing water flow opposite to the material conveying direction is sprayed into the crushing chamber. A drain outlet is provided at the end of the outer shell away from the water distribution plate, and the backwashing water flow carries the peeled clay slurry out of the drain outlet.

[0011] In one or more embodiments of the present invention, a circulating water supply assembly is further included. The circulating water supply assembly includes a clean water tank and a wastewater tank. The wastewater tank is connected to a drain outlet. Wastewater discharged from the drain outlet is filtered and then enters the wastewater tank. The wastewater tank is connected to a first spray nozzle and a first rotary joint via a first water supply pipeline. The clean water tank is connected to a water distribution plate via a second water supply pipeline to supply clean water to the water distribution plate, so that the material located at the discharge end is always rinsed with clean water. The clean water tank is also connected to a first spray nozzle and a first rotary joint via a third water supply pipeline. A switching valve is provided on the first water supply pipeline and the third water supply pipeline to switch the water supply from the clean water tank to the first spray nozzle and the first rotary joint when there is no water in the wastewater tank.

[0012] In one or more embodiments of the present invention, a material output mechanism is further included. The material output mechanism includes a receiving hopper, a material output housing, and a screw rod. The receiving hopper is connected to a temporary storage chamber. The material output housing is installed below the receiving hopper. The screw rod is rotatably installed inside the material output housing for lifting and conveying the material after secondary crushing upwards.

[0013] In one or more embodiments of the present invention, an air channel is provided inside the screw rod, and an air hole communicating with the air channel is provided on the screw rod. The air hole faces the feeding end of the material, and the air channel is connected to the air supply pipeline through a rotary joint two, for blowing and drying the material during the lifting process.

[0014] In one or more embodiments of the present invention, the material conveyor 2 is connected to a lifting drive mechanism, which is used to control the rotation of the material conveyor 2 and the material conveyor 1. The lifting drive mechanism includes a support leg and a lifting support leg. The support leg is fixedly connected below the end of the material conveyor 2 that is rotatably connected to the material conveyor 1. The upper end of the lifting support leg is rotatably connected to the end of the material conveyor 2 that is away from the material conveyor 1, and the lower end is fixedly connected to the support leg or the ground. When the lifting support leg extends or retracts, it drives the material conveyor 2 to rotate around the rotatable connection, so as to control the opening and closing of the material leakage gap between the discharge end of the material conveyor 2 and the inlet end of the material conveyor 3.

[0015] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are: it can achieve continuous identification, diversion, crushing and cleaning of clay-containing materials in waste rock in spoil heaps without frequent shutdowns for cleaning, which significantly improves the stability of equipment operation, processing efficiency and resource utilization level. Attached Figure Description

[0016] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a waste rock treatment device for a spoil heap according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0017] Figure 2 This is a side view of a waste rock treatment device for a spoil heap according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0018] Figure 3 This is a cross-sectional view of the secondary crushing mechanism in one embodiment of the present invention. Figure 1 ;

[0019] Figure 4 This is a cross-sectional view of the secondary crushing mechanism in one embodiment of the present invention. Figure 2 ;

[0020] Figure 5 for Figure 4 Schematic diagram of the structure at point A in the middle;

[0021] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the inner roller structure in one embodiment of the present invention;

[0022] Figure 7 This is a partial cross-sectional view of the material output mechanism in one embodiment of the present invention;

[0023] Figure 8 for Figure 7 Schematic diagram of the structure at point B;

[0024] Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a circulating water supply component in one embodiment of the present invention. Figure 1 ;

[0025] Figure 10 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a circulating water supply component in one embodiment of the present invention. Figure 2 .

[0026] Explanation of key figure labels:

[0027] 1. Conveying mechanism; 2. Material conveyor one; 3. Material conveyor two; 4. Support leg; 5. Lifting support leg; 6. Material conveyor three; 7. Primary crushing mechanism; 8. Secondary crushing mechanism; 9. Outer shell; 901. Feed inlet; 9011. Nozzle one; 902. Drain outlet; 903. Crushing chamber; 904. Temporary storage chamber; 905. Crushing tooth one; 10. Inner roller; 1001. Liquid flow channel; 1002. Nozzle two; 1003. Rotary joint one; 11. Spiral blade; 12. Crushing tooth two; 13. Water conveying component; 14. Water distribution plate; 15. Material output mechanism; 16. Receiving hopper; 17. Material output shell; 18. Spiral rod; 1801. Air flow channel; 1802. Air hole; 19. Rotary joint two; 20. Circulating water supply assembly; 21. Clean water tank; 22. Wastewater tank. Detailed Implementation

[0028] The specific embodiments of the present invention will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings, but it should be understood that the scope of protection of the present invention is not limited to the specific embodiments.

[0029] like Figures 1-2 As shown, a waste rock treatment device for a spoil heap includes a conveying mechanism 1, a detection mechanism (not shown in the figure), and a processing execution mechanism. The conveying mechanism 1 includes, in sequence along the material conveying direction, a first material conveyor 2, a second material conveyor 3, and a third material conveyor 6. The inlet end of the second material conveyor 3 is rotatably connected to the outlet end of the first material conveyor 2 via a hinge structure, allowing the second material conveyor 3 to rotate around the hinge.

[0030] It is worth noting that the rear end of the material conveyor 36 is the normal crushing process of the production line.

[0031] Specifically, a lifting drive mechanism is connected to the end of material conveyor 2 away from material conveyor 3. This lifting drive mechanism includes a support leg 4 and a lifting support leg 5. The support leg 4 is fixedly connected below the rotatable connection position between material conveyor 2 3 and material conveyor 2 2, serving as support and limiting function. The upper end of the lifting support leg 5 is rotatably connected to the end of material conveyor 2 3 away from material conveyor 2 2, and the lower end is fixedly connected to the support leg 4 or the ground. When the lifting support leg 5 extends or retracts, material conveyor 2 3 rotates around the rotatable connection position, and the height of its discharge end changes accordingly.

[0032] When the lifting outrigger 5 retracts, material conveyor 2 3 flips downwards, its discharge end disengaging from the feed end of material conveyor 3 6, forming a material leakage gap. At this time, the material on material conveyor 2 3 will fall directly through the leakage gap after reaching the discharge end, instead of continuing into material conveyor 3 6. When the lifting outrigger 5 extends, material conveyor 2 3 resets, the leakage gap closes, and the material re-enters material conveyor 3 6 along material conveyor 2 3. This structure, which forms the leakage gap by flipping the entire conveyor section, is not affected by the size and weight of the stones and can effectively remove larger clay-containing materials from waste rock in spoil heaps.

[0033] The detection mechanism is positioned before the material leakage gap, specifically above material conveyor 2 or above the front section of material conveyor 3. The detection mechanism identifies the state of the material on conveyor 1 and, upon detecting clay-containing material, controls the lifting drive mechanism to rotate material conveyor 3 downwards, causing the clay-containing material to fall through the leakage gap. The detection mechanism can employ a machine vision inspection device, using an industrial camera to capture real-time images of the material surface on the conveyor belt. Combined with image recognition algorithms, it analyzes the material's color, texture, and shape characteristics to identify hard rock fragments with significant clay adhesion. This setup allows clay-containing material to be promptly removed during continuous conveying without requiring machine downtime or affecting the normal conveying cycle of hard rock, thus avoiding efficiency losses and safety risks associated with downtime for cleaning.

[0034] like Figures 1-4 As shown, the processing mechanism includes a primary crushing mechanism 7 and a secondary crushing mechanism 8. The feed inlet of the primary crushing mechanism 7 is located directly below the material leakage gap. When clay-containing material falls from the material leakage gap, it falls directly into the feed inlet of the primary crushing mechanism 7. The primary crushing mechanism 7 can be a jaw crusher or other equipment suitable for coarse crushing of large hard rocks. Its function is to first crush the larger clay-containing boulders into more uniform small to medium particle sizes. The discharge outlet of the primary crushing mechanism 7 is connected to the feed inlet 901 of the secondary crushing mechanism 8. Since the primary crushing mechanism 7 only undertakes coarse crushing, the material stays in it for a short time and undergoes fewer compressions, so clay is less likely to form a large amount of stubborn adhesion at this stage. The material after primary crushing immediately enters the secondary crushing mechanism 8 for synchronous washing, making it difficult for clay to accumulate in the early stage for a long time, further reducing the risk of blockage.

[0035] Specifically, the secondary crushing mechanism 8 includes an inclined outer shell 9 and an inner roller 10. A crushing chamber 903 is formed inside the outer shell 9, and the inner roller 10 is coaxially rotatably installed within the crushing chamber 903. An annular crushing gap is formed between the outer wall of the inner roller 10 and the inner wall of the outer shell 9. The outer shell 9 is provided with a feed inlet 901, which communicates with the discharge port of the primary crushing mechanism 7. The crushed material enters the crushing chamber 903 through the feed inlet 901. The inner diameter of the crushing chamber 903 gradually decreases from the feed inlet 901 towards the discharge port, causing the annular crushing gap to gradually narrow along the material conveying direction. This allows the material to enter smoothly first, and then be subjected to compression and shearing at each stage during its forward movement, avoiding localized congestion caused by a single strong pressure, and also reducing the possibility of a thick, adhesive layer forming after repeated kneading of the clay.

[0036] Crushing teeth 12 are fixedly connected to the outer wall of the inner roller 10, and are arranged spirally along the outer surface of the inner roller 10. Crushing teeth 905 are fixedly connected to the inner wall of the outer shell 9, and are arranged circumferentially along the inner wall of the outer shell 9. When the inner roller 10 rotates, crushing teeth 12 and crushing teeth 905 interlock to squeeze, shear, and crush the material. To balance conveying and preventing material jamming, spiral blades 11 are also fixedly connected to the outer wall of the inner roller 10. Spiral blades 11 extend spirally along the axial direction of the inner roller 10, and their height is less than the height of crushing teeth 12. When rotating, spiral blades 11 continuously push the material towards the discharge end, allowing the material to move continuously within the annular crushing gap, reducing the risk of material accumulating at the feed end and forming arches. Since spiral blades 11 mainly play a pushing role, they do not weaken the crushing capacity of crushing teeth 12, thus improving material flow stability while ensuring crushing efficiency.

[0037] It is important to note that there is a coordination between the pushing action of the spiral blade 11 and the gradually narrowing gap of the crushing chamber 903. At the feed end, the gap is largest, and the engagement depth between the second crushing tooth 12 and the first crushing tooth 905 is relatively shallow. At this point, the spiral blade 11 primarily pushes the material in. As the gap gradually decreases, the engagement depth of the crushing teeth increases, and the pushing resistance of the spiral blade 11 also increases. However, its height is less than that of the second crushing tooth 12, and the pushing force is less than the biting force of the crushing teeth. The material's forward speed automatically slows down, resulting in the longest residence time in the area where crushing is most thorough. This adaptive speed adjustment ensures that the material achieves a residence time matching the crushing requirements at different particle size stages. Larger pieces move faster, while smaller pieces move slower, improving crushing efficiency and preventing excessive accumulation of material at the discharge end.

[0038] like Figures 3-6As shown, the rinsing is mainly achieved through a reverse rinsing assembly installed on the secondary crushing mechanism 8. The reverse rinsing assembly creates a rinsing water flow in the crushing chamber 903 that is opposite to the material conveying direction. Specifically, the reverse rinsing assembly includes a water distribution plate 14 fixedly installed on the side of the outer shell 9 near the discharge end. The water distribution plate 14 is an annular water distribution structure with its water outlet direction facing the feed end, used to spray a reverse rinsing water flow into the crushing chamber 903. A drain outlet 902 is provided at the end of the outer shell 9 away from the water distribution plate 14 for discharging the flushed mud and wastewater.

[0039] The water jet from the water distribution plate 14 flows from the discharge end to the feed end, continuously carrying away loose clay on the material surface towards the drain outlet 902. Since the water flow direction is opposite to the material conveying direction, the water that comes into contact with the material closer to the discharge end is cleaner. Therefore, it not only ensures the cleanliness of the discharged material, but also facilitates the centralized discharge and recycling of wastewater carrying a lot of mud.

[0040] At the feed inlet 901, the outer casing 9 is also provided with multiple spray holes 9011. The water outlet direction of the spray holes 9011 is set obliquely upward, facing the direction of material falling. The spray holes 9011 are connected to the water supply pipeline through the water conveying component 13, and are used for the first flushing when the material enters the secondary crushing mechanism 8. Since the material is first subjected to the head-on scouring of the obliquely upward water flow during the falling process, some of the loose clay adhering to the surface can be peeled off first, thereby reducing the adhesion burden on the inner wall of the crushing chamber 903 and the surface of the crushing teeth during the subsequent crushing process.

[0041] The inner roller 10 also has a liquid flow channel 1001 inside, and a second spray hole 1002 communicating with the liquid flow channel 1001 is opened on the outer wall of the inner roller 10. The liquid flow channel 1001 is connected to the water supply pipeline through a rotary joint 1003 installed at the shaft end of the inner roller 10. The second spray hole 1002 can be arranged on one side of the crushing tooth 12. As the inner roller 10 rotates, the water jet sprayed from the second spray hole 1002 is thrown radially into the annular crushing gap under centrifugal force to simultaneously wash the material.

[0042] Because the water flow direction of nozzle 1002 intersects with the water flow direction of the water distribution plate 14 within the crushing chamber 903, and the intersection area corresponds precisely to the main area where the material is bitten by the crushing teeth, the two water flows can act on the material surface from different directions, forming a stronger composite washing effect. For clay adhering to the surface of rocks and freshly broken surfaces, this cross-washing can remove it more quickly, preventing the clay from re-adhering to the crushing teeth or chamber walls.

[0043] The second nozzle 1002 can be arranged on one side of the second crushing tooth 12. As the inner roller 10 rotates, the water jet from the second nozzle 1002 is radially thrown into the annular crushing gap under centrifugal force. The axial water jet from the water distribution plate 14 and the radial water jet from the second nozzle 1002 form an approximately perpendicular cross-washing field within the crushing chamber 903. The material continues to tumble under the drive of the crushing tooth, and its surface is alternately exposed to the action range of the axial and radial water jets.

[0044] As the axial water flow loosens the clay from the material surface, the radial water flow immediately peels it off and carries it towards the drain outlet 902; conversely, the clay loosened by the radial water flow is pushed towards the feed end by the axial water flow. The two water flows work together to avoid the dead zone where the back surface of the material cannot be effectively utilized when flushing in one direction. The intersection area corresponds precisely to the main area where the material is bitten by the crushing teeth. Therefore, every time the material is broken by the crushing teeth and a fresh fracture surface is exposed, both water flows can act on that fracture surface simultaneously, immediately peeling the clay off the fresh surface and preventing it from re-adhering to the crushing teeth or the cavity wall.

[0045] like Figures 9-10 As shown, the waste rock treatment equipment at the spoil heap also includes a circulating water supply component 20, comprising a clean water tank 21 and a wastewater tank 22. Wastewater discharged from the drain outlet 902 is filtered and then enters the wastewater tank 22. The wastewater tank 22 is connected to the spray nozzle 9011 and the rotary joint 1003 via a first water supply pipeline, which is used to prioritize water supply for feeding flushing and crushing processes. The clean water tank 21 is connected to the water distribution plate 14 via a second water supply pipeline, which provides clean water for flushing at the discharge end to ensure that the final discharged material is not subject to secondary pollution by the circulating water.

[0046] The clean water tank 21 can also be connected to the spray nozzle 9011 and the rotary joint 1003 respectively through the third water supply pipeline. A switching valve is installed on the first water supply pipeline and the third water supply pipeline to switch to clean water supply when the circulating water in the sewage tank 22 is insufficient.

[0047] like Figures 7-8As shown, after secondary crushing, the material enters the temporary storage chamber 904, which is connected to the receiving hopper 16 of the material output mechanism 15. The material output mechanism 15 includes the receiving hopper 16, the material output housing 17, and the screw rod 18. The receiving hopper 16 is connected to the temporary storage chamber 904 and is used to receive the crushed material. The material output housing 17 is installed below the receiving hopper 16, and the screw rod 18 is rotatably installed inside the material output housing 17 to lift and output the material. An air flow channel 1801 is provided inside the screw rod 18, and an air hole 1802 communicating with the air flow channel 1801 is provided on the screw rod 18. The air hole 1802 is oriented towards the material feed end, and the air flow channel 1801 is connected to the air supply pipeline through a rotary joint 19 installed at the shaft end of the screw rod 18. During the material lifting process, the airflow ejected from the vent 1802 of the screw 18 is opposite to the direction of material movement, which can blow and dry the surface of the material, further remove residual moisture, and prevent the wet material from caking or clogging the screening equipment again during subsequent conveying or stacking.

[0048] In this embodiment, the waste rock treatment equipment for the spoil heap is operated as follows: Material is first fed into material conveyor 2 of conveying mechanism 1 via loading equipment, and then continuously conveyed to material conveyor 3. The material passes through the detection area of ​​the detection mechanism at the front of material conveyor 2 or material conveyor 3. The detection mechanism acquires real-time images of the material surface and identifies hard rock fragments with a significant amount of clay adhering to their surface. When clay-containing material is detected, the control system retracts the lifting outrigger 5, and material conveyor 3 rotates downwards around the hinge point between it and material conveyor 2, separating its discharge end from the feed end of material conveyor 3 6, forming a gap. At this time, the clay-containing material, after running on material conveyor 3 to the discharge end, falls directly through the gap under gravity and enters the feed inlet of the preliminary crushing mechanism 7 located directly below the gap. Normal hard rock material remains unaffected and continues along material conveyor 3 into material conveyor 6, being conveyed to the subsequent normal crushing or screening process. The lifting outrigger 5 extends immediately after the clay-containing material falls, the material conveyor 2 3 resets, the leakage gap closes, and the continuous conveying state is restored.

[0049] After the clay-containing material enters the primary crushing mechanism 7, it undergoes the first crushing by a jaw crusher or other coarse crushing equipment, breaking large pieces of material into relatively uniform small to medium particle sizes. The material after primary crushing is discharged from the discharge port of the primary crushing mechanism 7 and enters the crushing chamber 903 of the secondary crushing mechanism 8 through the feed inlet 901. During the process of the material entering the feed inlet 901, the upward-sloping water flow sprayed from the nozzle 9011 washes the material in the direction of its descent, pre-removing the relatively loose clay from the surface of the material.

[0050] After entering the crushing chamber 903, the material falls into the annular crushing gap between the inner roller 10 and the outer shell 9. As the inner roller 10 rotates, the spiral blades 11 continuously push the material towards the discharge end. The second crushing tooth 12 and the first crushing tooth 905 interlock within the annular crushing gap, squeezing, shearing, and crushing the material. Because the inner diameter of the crushing chamber 903 gradually decreases from the feed inlet 901 towards the discharge outlet, the crushing effect on the material gradually intensifies as it moves forward, resulting in a gradual decrease in particle size.

[0051] While crushing is underway, flushing water is continuously introduced into the liquid flow channel 1001 inside the inner roller 10 through the rotary joint 1003. The flushing water is radially sprayed out from the inner roller 10 through the nozzle 1002, covering the annular crushing gap under centrifugal force. The water distribution plate 14 sprays a reverse flushing water flow from the discharge end to the feed end, forming a cross-flushing field with the radial water flow sprayed from the nozzle 1002 within the crushing chamber 903. The material is continuously tumbling under the action of the crushing teeth, and its various surfaces are alternately exposed to the action of axial and radial water flows. The two water flows act on the material surface from different directions, continuously peeling clay from the stone surface and the freshly fractured surface. The nozzle 1002 is arranged on one side of the crushing tooth 12. The sprayed water flow forms a water film on the tooth surface of the crushing tooth 12 that contacts the material, preventing clay from directly adhering to the surface of the crushing tooth 12. The crushing tooth remains clean throughout the entire operation, and the crushing force can always act directly on the stone surface.

[0052] The stripped clay mixes with the flushing water to form a slurry, which is carried by the reverse flushing water flow from the discharge end to the feed end, and finally discharged from the drain 902 located at the bottom of the feed end, entering the circulating water supply assembly 20 for filtration. Since the water distribution plate 14 uses clean water from the clean water tank 21, while the first nozzle 9011 and the second nozzle 1002 preferentially use the circulating water from the wastewater tank 22, the material at the discharge end comes into contact with the cleanest flushing water just before leaving the crushing chamber, ensuring the surface cleanliness of the discharged material. At the same time, the use of circulating water significantly reduces the consumption of clean water.

[0053] The material, after secondary crushing and rinsing, enters the temporary storage chamber 904 from the discharge end of the crushing chamber 903, and then falls into the receiving hopper 16 of the material output mechanism 15. The rotating screw 18 lifts and conveys the material upwards along the material output housing 17. During the lifting process, gas is introduced through the air passage 1801 inside the screw 18 via the rotary joint 19. The gas is ejected from the air holes 1802 facing the material feed end, moving in the opposite direction to the material's movement, thus cleaning and drying the material surface, removing residual moisture after crushing and rinsing, and reducing the output moisture content. Finally, the material is discharged from the top of the material output housing 17 and enters the subsequent crushing or screening stages.

[0054] Throughout the entire process, the removal, crushing, rinsing, and drying of clay-containing materials are completed simultaneously in a continuous flow path. The rinsing water forms a counter-current channel from the discharge end to the feed end within the crushing chamber. The cleanliness gradient of the material is reverse-matched with the water quality gradient of the rinsing water, ensuring that each flow of water achieves maximum cleaning effectiveness. The water film protection on the crushing teeth surface, combined with cross-rinsing, prevents clay from forming a stable adhesion layer within the crushing chamber. This allows the equipment to continuously process clay-containing waste rock without shutting down, avoiding efficiency degradation and frequent downtime caused by clay adhesion.

[0055] It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited to the details of the exemplary embodiments described above, and that the invention can be implemented in other specific forms without departing from its spirit or essential characteristics. Therefore, the embodiments should be considered in all respects as exemplary and non-limiting, and the scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims rather than the foregoing description. Thus, all variations falling within the meaning and scope of equivalents of the claims are intended to be included within the present invention. No reference numerals in the claims should be construed as limiting the scope of the claims.

[0056] Furthermore, it should be understood that although this specification describes embodiments, not every embodiment contains only one independent technical solution. This narrative style is merely for clarity. Those skilled in the art should consider the specification as a whole, and the technical solutions in each embodiment can also be appropriately combined to form other embodiments that can be understood by those skilled in the art.

Claims

1. A waste rock treatment device for spoil heaps, characterized in that, include: The conveying mechanism includes material conveyor 1, material conveyor 2 and material conveyor 3 arranged in sequence. The inlet end of material conveyor 2 is rotatably connected to the outlet end of material conveyor 1. When material conveyor 2 is flipped downward around the rotatable connection, a material leakage gap is formed between the outlet end of material conveyor 2 and the inlet end of material conveyor 3. The detection mechanism is located in front of the material leakage gap. It is used to detect the state of the material on the conveying mechanism and control the lifting drive mechanism to operate when clay material is detected, so that the material conveyor can be flipped downward and the clay material falls from the material leakage gap. The processing actuator includes a primary crushing mechanism and a secondary crushing mechanism. The feed inlet of the primary crushing mechanism is located below the material leakage gap and is used to receive the falling clay material and perform primary crushing. The feed inlet of the secondary crushing mechanism is connected to the discharge outlet of the primary crushing mechanism and is used to perform secondary crushing on the material after primary crushing. The secondary crushing mechanism includes an outer shell and an inner roller. The outer shell is provided with a crushing chamber, and the inner roller is rotatably installed in the crushing chamber. An annular crushing gap is formed between the outer wall of the inner roller and the inner wall of the outer shell. The outer wall of the inner roller is provided with a second crushing tooth, and the inner wall of the outer shell is provided with a first crushing tooth that cooperates with the second crushing tooth. The secondary crushing mechanism is equipped with a reverse flushing component, which provides flushing water flow to the crushing chamber in the opposite direction to the material conveying direction, so that the material is flushed by the reverse water flow during the secondary crushing process, and the clay is peeled off from the surface of the stone.

2. The waste rock treatment equipment for a spoil heap according to claim 1, characterized in that, The inner diameter of the crushing chamber gradually decreases from the feed inlet to the discharge outlet, so that the annular crushing gap gradually decreases from the feed end to the discharge end; the discharge end of the crushing chamber is provided with a temporary storage chamber for collecting materials crushed to the target particle size.

3. The waste rock treatment equipment for a spoil heap according to claim 1, characterized in that, The outer wall of the inner roller is also fixedly connected with a spiral blade. The spiral blade extends spirally along the axial direction of the inner roller. The height of the spiral blade is less than the height of the second crushing tooth. It is used to push the material from the feed end to the discharge end when the inner roller rotates, so as to avoid the material from getting stuck in the annular crushing gap.

4. The waste rock treatment equipment for a spoil heap according to claim 3, characterized in that, The inner roller has a liquid flow channel inside, and the outer wall of the inner roller has a second spray hole that communicates with the liquid flow channel. The liquid flow channel is connected to the water supply pipeline through a rotary joint. The second spray hole is located on one side of the crushing tooth and is used to wash the material radially along the inner roller during the crushing process, so that the water flow covers the entire annular crushing gap.

5. The waste rock treatment equipment for a spoil heap according to claim 1, characterized in that, The outer casing has multiple spray holes at the feed inlet. The water outlet of each spray hole is set at an angle upward, facing the direction of material falling, and is used for the first flushing when the material enters the secondary crushing mechanism. Each spray hole is connected to a water supply pipeline through a water conveying component.

6. The waste rock treatment equipment for a spoil heap according to claim 1, characterized in that, The reverse flushing assembly includes a water distribution plate, which is fixedly installed on the side of the outer shell near the discharge end. The water discharge direction of the water distribution plate is towards the feed end, and a reverse flushing water flow opposite to the material conveying direction is sprayed into the crushing chamber. A drain outlet is provided at the end of the outer shell away from the water distribution plate, and the reverse flushing water flow carries the peeled clay slurry out of the drain outlet.

7. The waste rock treatment equipment for a spoil heap according to claim 6, characterized in that, It also includes a circulating water supply component, which includes a clean water tank and a wastewater tank. The wastewater tank is connected to a drain outlet. The wastewater discharged from the drain outlet is filtered and then enters the wastewater tank. The wastewater tank is connected to a spray nozzle and a rotary joint through a first water supply pipeline. The clean water tank is connected to the water distribution plate through a second water supply pipeline, which is used to supply clean water to the water distribution plate so that the material at the discharge end is always rinsed with clean water. The clean water tank is also connected to the first spray hole and the first rotary joint through a third water supply pipeline. The first water supply pipeline and the third water supply pipeline are equipped with switching valves, which are used to switch the water supply from the clean water tank to the first spray hole and the first rotary joint when there is no water in the wastewater tank.

8. The waste rock treatment equipment for a spoil heap according to claim 1, characterized in that, It also includes a material output mechanism, which includes a receiving hopper, a material output housing, and a screw rod. The receiving hopper is connected to a temporary storage chamber, the material output housing is installed below the receiving hopper, and the screw rod is rotatably installed inside the material output housing for lifting and conveying the material after secondary crushing upwards.

9. A waste rock treatment device for a spoil heap according to claim 8, characterized in that, An air channel is provided inside the screw rod, and an air hole is provided on the screw rod that communicates with the air channel. The air hole faces the material feeding end. The air channel is connected to the air supply pipeline through a rotary joint two, and is used to blow air to dry the material during the lifting process.

10. A waste rock treatment device for a spoil heap according to claim 9, characterized in that, The second material conveyor is connected to a lifting drive mechanism, which is used to control the rotation of the second material conveyor and the first material conveyor. The lifting drive mechanism includes a support leg and a lifting support leg. The support leg is fixedly connected to the lower end of the material conveyor 2 that is rotatably connected to the material conveyor 1. The upper end of the lifting support leg is rotatably connected to the end of the material conveyor 2 that is away from the material conveyor 1, and the lower end is fixedly connected to the support leg or the ground. When the lifting support leg extends or retracts, it drives the material conveyor 2 to rotate around the rotatable connection, thereby controlling the opening and closing of the material leakage gap between the discharge end of the material conveyor 2 and the inlet end of the material conveyor 3.

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