Non-circular grinding accuracy grinder
Patent Information
- Application Number
- CN202611293608.7
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Applications(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2026-08-25
- Publication Date
- 2026-11-03
AI Technical Summary
Existing non-circular grinding machines suffer from reduced grinding accuracy due to grinding wheel wear during prolonged grinding. Furthermore, the grinding wheel's usage status cannot be fed back in a timely manner, resulting in reduced grinding accuracy and waste of rough blanks.
It adopts a three-axis movement system and tool changing structure, combined with a distance sensor detection head to detect the wear of the grinding wheel in real time, and uses a PLC control system to compensate for the wear, so as to achieve rapid tool changing and precise control.
It enables real-time monitoring and compensation of grinding wheel wear, avoiding reduced grinding accuracy and waste of rough blanks, and improving the machining accuracy and efficiency of non-circular grinding.
Smart Images
Figure CN123025197A_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] This invention relates to the field of grinding machine technology, and more particularly to a non-circular grinding precision grinding machine. Background Technology
[0002] With the development of compressor, reducer and mold industries, the requirements for machining accuracy and efficiency of non-circular contour parts such as eccentric shafts and polyhedral punches are increasing. Traditional non-circular grinding mostly adopts the "follow-up grinding" method, that is, the workpiece rotates around its own axis, and the grinding wheel performs high-frequency linear reciprocating motion along the X-axis according to the change of the extreme diameter of the workpiece contour, so as to achieve tracking grinding of non-circular surfaces.
[0003] In existing non-circular grinding machine tools, the three-axis system constantly follows the shape of the workpiece during grinding. During the grinding process, the grinding wheel rotates continuously. Over a long period of grinding, the radius of the grinding wheel will change due to wear, resulting in a decrease in grinding accuracy. Furthermore, the grinding wheel needs to be changed continuously during the grinding process according to the grinding requirements of the workpiece. The existing replacement structure can only quickly and conveniently change the grinding wheel, but the wear of the grinding wheel is not detected, and the status of the grinding wheel cannot be fed back in a timely manner, resulting in a decrease in grinding accuracy and waste of rough blanks. Summary of the Invention
[0004] In view of the above-mentioned problems existing in the prior art, the main objective of the present invention is to provide a non-circular grinding precision grinding machine.
[0005] The technical solution of the present invention is as follows: a non-circular grinding precision grinding machine, including a chassis and a PLC control system, a transparent protective cover is slidably connected to the chassis, an LCD control panel is provided on the chassis, a non-circular bearing platform structure is fixedly provided in the internal operating space of the chassis, and a three-axis moving system is provided inside the chassis; The three-axis moving system includes an X-axis, a Y-axis, and a Z-axis. A grinding head control box is fixedly installed on the moving block of the Z-axis. A rotary motor is fixedly installed inside the grinding head control box. The output end of the rotary motor is connected to a conical locking chuck through a coupling. The conical locking chuck is detachably connected to the grinding head connecting shaft. One end of the grinding head connecting shaft is fixedly connected to a grinding wheel. The chassis has a tool changing space on one side, and an inlet / outlet slide rail is fixed on the bottom surface of the tool changing space. A support platform is provided on the inlet / outlet slide rail, and a tool changing structure is provided on the support platform. A distance sensor detection head is provided on the tool changing structure. The distance sensor detection head detects the distance to the grinding wheel.
[0006] In a preferred embodiment, each of the X, Y, and Z axes consists of four main modules: a drive unit, a transmission pair, a guide rail pair, and a position detection feedback mechanism. The drive unit is an AC servo motor, the transmission pair is a precision ball screw pair, the guide rail pair is a linear rolling guide, and the position detection feedback mechanism is a grating ruler installed on each axis.
[0007] In a preferred embodiment, the grinding head connecting shaft includes a drive shaft with a connecting rolling bearing embedded in it. A clamping shaft is provided at the top of the drive shaft, and the clamping shaft is inserted into a tapered locking chuck and clamped and fixed therein.
[0008] In a preferred embodiment, the tool changing structure includes a fixed support base, a motor is embedded inside the fixed support base, an extension shaft is fixedly connected to the fixed support base via a bracket, a detection fixing plate is provided between the fixed support base and the extension shaft, a distance sensor detection head is inserted inside the detection fixing plate, a disc is fixedly connected to the upper surface of the extension shaft, a drive shaft is fixedly connected to the output end of the motor, the detection fixing plate is fixedly connected to the drive shaft, a clamping structure is fixedly connected to the drive shaft above the disc, and the side surface of the grinding wheel corresponds to the distance sensor detection head.
[0009] In a preferred embodiment, the clamping structure includes a rotating head, a plurality of clamping rods are evenly distributed on the side surface of the rotating head, the clamping rods are paired to form a clamping frame, the opposite surfaces of the clamping rods in each clamping frame are provided with an arc-shaped surface, a guide roller is rotatably connected to the bottom surface of the clamping rod, the arc-shaped surface is matched with a rolling bearing, and the clamping rod is elastic.
[0010] In a preferred embodiment, the outer surface of the drive shaft matches the side surfaces of the guide roller and the disk.
[0011] In a preferred embodiment, the non-circular load-bearing platform structure has several strong magnets embedded inside, and the strong magnets are evenly distributed in a circular pattern.
[0012] Compared with the prior art, the advantages and positive effects of the present invention are as follows: by clamping and fixing various different grinding wheels and grinding head connecting shafts through the tool changing structure, rapid tool changing can be performed. During the tool changing process and the temporary storage process of the tool changing structure, the distance sensor detection head detects the distance between the distance sensor detection head and the side of the grinding wheel, which can detect the degree of change in grinding wheel diameter due to wear. The grinding wheel movement distance is controlled by the three-axis movement system to realize the wear compensation mechanism, avoiding the situation where grinding wheel wear leads to reduced grinding accuracy and waste of rough blank. Attached Figure Description
[0013] Figure 1This invention provides an overall structural schematic diagram of a non-circular grinding precision grinding machine; Figure 2 This invention provides a schematic diagram of the grinding head connecting shaft structure for a non-circular grinding precision grinding machine; Figure 3 This invention provides a schematic diagram of the tool changing structure for a non-circular grinding precision grinding machine; Figure 4 This invention provides a schematic diagram of a non-circular bearing platform structure for a non-circular grinding precision grinding machine.
[0014] Legend: 1. Chassis, 2. Transparent protective cover, 3. LCD control panel, 4. Non-circular load-bearing platform structure, 41. Strong magnet, 5. Three-axis movement system, 6. Grinding head control box, 7. Conical locking chuck, 8. Grinding head connecting shaft, 81. Drive shaft, 82. Rolling bearing, 83. Clamping shaft, 9. Grinding wheel, 10. Tool changing space, 11. Inlet / outlet slide rail, 12. Tool changing structure, 121. Fixed load-bearing seat, 122. Detection fixing plate, 123. Distance sensor detection head, 124. Extension shaft, 125. Disc, 126. Clamping structure, 127. Drive shaft, 128. Clamping rod, 129. Guide roller. Detailed Implementation
[0015] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some, not all, of the embodiments of the present invention. The components of the embodiments of the present invention described and shown in the accompanying drawings can generally be arranged and designed in various different configurations. Therefore, the following detailed description of the embodiments of the present invention provided in the accompanying drawings is not intended to limit the scope of the claimed invention, but merely to illustrate selected embodiments of the invention. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the present invention without inventive effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.
[0016] In the description of this invention, it should be noted that the terms "center," "upper," "lower," "left," "right," "vertical," "horizontal," "inner," and "outer," etc., indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. They are used only for the convenience of describing the invention and for simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on the invention. Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," and "third" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.
[0017] In the description of this invention, it should also be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the terms "set," "install," "connect," and "link" should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; they can refer to a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; and they can refer to the internal connection of two components. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this invention according to the specific circumstances.
[0018] The present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments. Example A non-circular grinding precision grinding machine includes a chassis 1 and a PLC control system. The chassis 1 also contains a compressor and a cooling water tank, which are basic machine tool structures. Since this application mainly aims to solve the problem of reduced precision caused by grinding wheel wear, the basic structure is not described. However, it is hereby stated that the chassis 1 contains basic machine tool structures to ensure the operation of basic machine tool functions. For example, the compressor is used to compress gas and drive the cylinder, and the cooling water tank stores cooling water to cool the workpiece during processing. The grinding head control box 6 has a cooling water outlet, and nozzles can be added later as needed. These basic machine tool structures are not shown in the figure. A transparent protective cover 2 is slidably connected to the chassis 1. An LCD control panel 3 is provided on the chassis 1. A non-circular load-bearing platform structure 4 is fixedly provided in the internal operating space of the chassis 1. A three-axis moving system 5 is provided inside the chassis 1. The three-axis moving system 5 includes an X-axis, a Y-axis and a Z-axis. A grinding head control box 6 is fixedly installed on the moving block of the Z-axis. A rotating motor is fixedly installed inside the grinding head control box 6. The output end of the rotating shaft motor is connected to a conical locking chuck 7 through a coupling. The conical locking chuck 7 is detachably connected to the grinding head connecting shaft 8. One end of the grinding head connecting shaft 8 is fixedly connected to a grinding wheel 9. The three-axis moving system 5, the rotary motor and the conical locking chuck 7 are controlled by the LCD control panel 3. The workpiece is placed on the non-circular bearing platform structure 4. The strong magnetic effect of the non-circular bearing platform structure 4 is used to fix the position of the workpiece. Then, in the three-axis moving system 5, the grinding wheel 9 is controlled to contact the workpiece grinding position. The rotary motor drives the grinding head connecting shaft 8 and the grinding wheel 9 to rotate, and the workpiece is ground. A tool changing space 10 is provided on one side of the machine casing 1. An inlet / outlet slide rail 11 is fixedly provided on the bottom surface of the tool changing space 10. A support platform is provided on the inlet / outlet slide rail 11. A tool changing structure 12 is provided on the support platform. A distance sensor detection head 123 is provided on the tool changing structure 12. The distance sensor detection head 123 detects the distance to the grinding wheel 9. When a tool change is required, the tool changing structure 12 is rotated to expose the grinding wheel 9 to be replaced, facing the three-axis moving system 5. During the rotation, the distance between the grinding wheel 9 and the distance sensor detection head 123 is detected in real time, and the detection data is displayed on the LCD control panel 3. The operator controls the three-axis moving system 5 through the distance detection on the LCD control panel 3 using the PLC control system to compensate for the wear of the grinding wheel 9. At the same time, the tool changing structure 12 is moved out of the tool changing space 10 by relying on the inlet and outlet slide rail 11 until the tool changing structure 12 moves to one end of the inlet and outlet slide rail 11 to achieve position determination. After position determination, the conical locking chuck 7 is depressurized, so that the grinding head connecting shaft 8 located on the tool changing structure 12 enters the conical locking chuck 7. The cylinder structure in the conical locking chuck 7 is used to clamp the grinding head connecting shaft 8. The conical locking chuck 7 is an existing structure.
[0019] Each of the X, Y, and Z axes consists of four main modules: a drive unit, a transmission pair, a guide rail pair, and a position detection feedback system. The drive unit is an AC servo motor, the transmission pair is a precision ball screw pair, the guide rail pair is a linear rolling guide, and the position detection feedback is achieved by installing a grating ruler on each axis. All three axes use grating rulers for position feedback, realizing full closed-loop control, ensuring the motion positioning accuracy of the three axes, and meeting the high-frequency reciprocating motion accuracy requirements of non-circular contour follower grinding.
[0020] The grinding head connecting shaft 8 includes a drive shaft 81, a connecting rolling bearing 82 is embedded in the drive shaft 81, and a clamping shaft 83 is provided on the top of the drive shaft 81. The clamping shaft 83 extends into the conical locking chuck 7 and is clamped and fixed. The rolling bearing 82 can fit against the arc-shaped surface of the clamping rod 128. The rolling bearing 82 ensures that the transmission shaft 81 can rotate in the clamping state, so that the fixedly connected grinding wheel 9 can rotate in the clamping state. In this way, the grinding surface of the grinding wheel 9 can be fully inspected during the rotation, ensuring the comprehensiveness of the inspection.
[0021] The tool changing structure 12 includes a fixed support 121, a motor is embedded inside the fixed support 121, an extension shaft 124 is fixedly connected to the fixed support 121 via a bracket, a detection fixing plate 122 is provided between the fixed support 121 and the extension shaft 124, a distance sensor detection head 123 is inserted inside the detection fixing plate 122, a disc 125 is fixedly connected to the upper surface of the extension shaft 124, a drive shaft 127 is fixedly connected to the output end of the motor, the drive shaft 127 is fixedly connected to the detection fixing plate 122, and a clamping structure 126 is fixedly connected to the drive shaft 127 above the disc 125. The side surface of the grinding wheel 9 corresponds to the distance sensor detection head 123. When the motor starts, it drives the transmission shaft 127 to rotate, thereby changing the direction of the clamping structure 126. The fixed support 121, extension shaft 124 and disc 125 remain stationary, while the clamping structure 126 and the detection fixed disc 122 rotate synchronously. The distance sensor detection head 123 can perform a comprehensive inspection of the side surface of the grinding wheel 9.
[0022] The clamping structure 126 includes a rotating head, with several clamping rods 128 evenly distributed on the side surface of the rotating head. The clamping rods 128 are paired to form a clamping frame. The opposing surfaces of the clamping rods 128 in each clamping frame have an arc-shaped surface. A guide roller 129 is rotatably connected to the bottom surface of the clamping rods 128. The arc-shaped surface matches the rolling bearing 82. The clamping rods 128 are elastic. The guide roller 129 has two functions: one is to guide the grinding head connecting shaft 8 when it enters the clamping frame, so that the grinding head connecting shaft 8 can enter the arc-shaped surface area more smoothly; the other function is to support one side of the transmission shaft 81 during the rotation of the clamping structure 126, so that the transmission shaft 81 can rotate more effectively, realizing the rotation of the grinding wheel 9, which facilitates comprehensive inspection.
[0023] The outer surface of the drive shaft 81 matches the side surfaces of the guide roller 129 and the disc 125. With the cooperation of the guide roller 129 and the disc 125, the grinding wheel 9 can rotate effectively, which is convenient for inspection.
[0024] The non-circular load-bearing platform structure 4 has several strong magnets embedded inside. The strong magnets are evenly distributed in a circular pattern and are used to attract and fix the workpiece.
[0025] Working principle: As shown in the figure, the operator inputs grinding process parameters through the LCD control panel; the non-circular workpiece is placed on the non-circular support platform structure 4 and magnetically clamped by the array of strong magnets 41. The three-axis moving system 5 drives the grinding head control box 6, the grinding head connecting shaft 8, and the grinding wheel 9 to perform non-circular follow-up grinding on the workpiece.
[0026] When it is necessary to replace the grinding wheel or detect grinding wheel wear, the three-axis moving system 5 moves the grinding head connecting shaft 8 to the tool changing space 10; the inlet and outlet slide rail 11 drives the tool changing structure 12 to move into place, and the clamping rod 128 of the clamping structure 126, together with the guide roller 129, clamps the grinding head connecting shaft 8; the conical locking chuck is released, the three-axis moving system 5 is lifted and disengaged, and the grinding wheel is unloaded.
[0027] The distance sensor detection head 123 faces the side of the grinding wheel 9, collects the distance signal between the sensor and the side of the grinding wheel and transmits it to the PLC. The PLC calculates the actual diameter of the grinding wheel based on the reference distance and obtains the grinding wheel wear amount. The PLC corrects the grinding feed displacement of the three-axis moving system based on the wear amount to complete the wear compensation.
[0028] The tool changing mechanism 12 rotates to switch to another set of grinding wheels, the three-axis moving system 5 moves down, and the conical locking chuck locks the holding shaft 83 to complete the installation of the new grinding wheel; then the tool changing mechanism retracts along the inlet and outlet slide rails, and the machine tool continues to carry out grinding operations.
[0029] The grinding wheel can be temporarily stored on the tool changing structure. During the storage period, the distance sensor detection head can periodically detect the wear status of the grinding wheel, realizing real-time monitoring of the grinding wheel status.
[0030] Finally, it should be noted that the above-described embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, and are not intended to limit them. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications can still be made to the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or equivalent substitutions can be made to some or all of the technical features therein. Such modifications or substitutions do not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.
Claims
1. A non-circular grinding precision grinding machine, comprising a chassis (1) and a PLC control system, characterized in that: A transparent protective cover (2) is slidably connected to the chassis (1). An LCD control panel (3) is provided on the chassis (1). A non-circular load-bearing platform structure (4) is fixedly provided in the internal operating space of the chassis (1). A three-axis moving system (5) is provided inside the chassis (1). The three-axis moving system (5) includes an X-axis, a Y-axis and a Z-axis. A grinding head control box (6) is fixedly installed on the moving block of the Z-axis. A rotating motor is fixedly installed inside the grinding head control box (6). The output end of the rotating motor is connected to a conical locking chuck (7) through a coupling. The conical locking chuck (7) is detachably connected to the grinding head connecting shaft (8). One end of the grinding head connecting shaft (8) is fixedly connected to a grinding wheel (9). The chassis (1) has a tool changing space (10) on one side. The bottom surface of the tool changing space (10) is fixed with an inlet / outlet slide rail (11). The inlet / outlet slide rail (11) is provided with a support platform. The support platform is provided with a tool changing structure (12). The tool changing structure (12) is provided with a distance sensor detection head (123). The distance sensor detection head (123) detects the distance to the grinding wheel (9).
2. The non-circular grinding precision grinding machine according to claim 1, characterized in that: Each of the X, Y, and Z axes consists of four main modules: a drive unit, a transmission pair, a guide rail pair, and a position detection feedback system. The drive unit is an AC servo motor, the transmission pair is a precision ball screw pair, the guide rail pair is a linear rolling guide, and the position detection feedback system consists of a grating ruler mounted on each axis.
3. A non-circular grinding precision grinding machine according to claim 1, characterized in that: The grinding head connecting shaft (8) includes a drive shaft (81), on which a connecting rolling bearing (82) is embedded. A clamping shaft (83) is provided at the top of the drive shaft (81), and the clamping shaft (83) is inserted into the conical locking chuck (7) and clamped and fixed.
4. A non-circular grinding precision grinding machine according to claim 1, characterized in that: The tool changing structure (12) includes a fixed support base (121), in which a motor is embedded. The fixed support base (121) is fixedly connected to an extension shaft (124) via a bracket. A detection fixing plate (122) is provided between the fixed support base (121) and the extension shaft (124). A distance sensor detection head (123) is inserted inside the detection fixing plate (122). A disc (125) is fixedly connected to the upper surface of the extension shaft (124). A transmission shaft (127) is fixedly connected to the output end of the motor. The transmission shaft (127) is fixedly connected to the detection fixing plate (122). A clamping structure (126) is fixedly connected to the transmission shaft (127) above the disc (125). The side surface of the grinding wheel (9) corresponds to the distance sensor detection head (123).
5. A non-circular grinding precision grinding machine according to claim 1, characterized in that: The clamping structure (126) includes a rotating head, and a plurality of clamping rods (128) are evenly distributed on the side surface of the rotating head. The clamping rods (128) are arranged in pairs to form a clamping frame. The clamping rods (128) of each clamping frame have an arc-shaped surface on their opposite sides. A guide roller (129) is rotatably connected to the bottom surface of the clamping rods (128). The arc-shaped surface matches the rolling bearing (82). The clamping rods (128) are elastic.
6. A non-circular grinding precision grinding machine according to claim 3, characterized in that: The outer surface of the drive shaft (81) matches the side surfaces of the guide roller (129) and the disk (125).
7. A non-circular grinding precision grinding machine according to claim 1, characterized in that: The non-circular load-bearing platform structure (4) has several strong magnets embedded inside, and the strong magnets are evenly distributed in a circular pattern.