Dry tributary joint fish passing system

Abstract

The present application relates to the technical field of fish protection facilities for water conservancy and hydropower engineering, and discloses a dry and branch stream combined fish passing system, which comprises a dam, a branch stream fishway, and a dry stream transfer bridge arranged across the whole cross section of the river. The fishway is arranged in the downstream branch stream of the dam, and the transfer bridge is arranged in the downstream dry stream of the dam. The transfer bridge is provided with a rotating shaft which crosses the river, two groups of rotating arms with different lengths, a transfer channel which is respectively arranged above the two groups of rotating arms, and a rotating motor which drives the rotating shaft to rotate. A linkage locking mechanism is assembled between the two groups of rotating arms, which realizes rigid docking or separation of the two groups of rotating arms, and the rotating shaft drives the two groups of rotating arms to rotate synchronously. The present application can adapt to different habitat fish by using the dry and branch stream double-channel matching layered lockable rotating transfer structure, the transfer channel keeps horizontal during the whole lifting process to avoid fish loss, and the operation mode is switched according to different working conditions to adapt to various downstream water conditions, which significantly improves the overall dam passing efficiency and survival level of the fish in the hydropower station.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the technical field of fish protection facilities for water conservancy and hydropower projects. Background Technology

[0002] my country encourages a model of developing the main stream and protecting the tributaries to mitigate the impact of dams on migratory fish and promote gene exchange between fish populations upstream and downstream of the dam site. Given that suitable habitats in tributaries significantly improve fish migration efficiency across dams, researchers in ecological protection of dam construction projects have proposed a scheme to guide fish from the main stream into fish passage facilities in tributaries for migration across the dam. For example, the Batang Hydropower Station dam site on the upper reaches of the Jinsha River is located at the confluence of the main stream and tributaries. A full-section electric fish barrier is installed in the main stream downstream of the dam to intercept upstream fish, driving them to the Bachu River tributary downstream of the dam to enter the fishway entrance, while simultaneously migrating upstream into the upstream reservoir area. Another example is the Jinchuan Hydropower Station on the main stream of the Dadu River, which transforms the Xinzhagou tributary on the right bank of the dam into an upstream fish migration section. Main stream fish are guided to Xinzhagou to find the fishway entrance and then migrate upstream along the fishway into the reservoir area upstream of the dam.

[0003] All the above fish-transfer schemes involve guiding fish from the main stream to the downstream tributary, then attracting them through fishways in the tributary, and finally allowing them to migrate upstream through the fishway chambers to complete the dam transfer process. However, the electric fish barrier in the main stream of this scheme only serves to drive the fish away, neglecting the fact that once the fish enter the tributary, their incompatibility with the tributary's water temperature, flow velocity, and flow pattern leads to a low success rate in finding the fishway entrance and migrating upstream. Furthermore, conventional transfer structures are prone to tilting during the lifting and lowering process, causing the attracted fish to easily slide back into the main stream, reducing overall fish-transfer efficiency, failing to accommodate fish populations at multiple water levels, and being ill-suited to various downstream water conditions, ultimately failing to achieve a smooth fish transfer. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of this invention is to provide a combined fish passage system for main streams and tributaries. When the main stream has the conditions for fish agglomeration, it combines the ecological habits of fish downstream of the dam to efficiently attract, lift, and transfer fish schools in a stratified manner, thereby solving the technical bottleneck of low efficiency in the combined fish passage system of main streams and tributaries under the tributary fish passage mode.

[0005] To address the aforementioned technical problems, this invention provides a combined fish passage system for main streams and tributaries, comprising a dam, a tributary fishway, and a main stream transfer bridge constructed across the entire cross-section of the river. The fishway is located in the downstream section of the tributary, and the transfer bridge is located in the downstream section of the main stream, at the confluence of the main stream and tributary or upstream of the main stream. The transfer bridge includes a rotating shaft spanning the river, two sets of rotating arms of unequal length, transfer channels erected above the two sets of rotating arms, and a rotating motor driving the rotating shaft. A linkage locking mechanism is installed between the two sets of rotating arms, enabling rigid connection or complete separation of the two sets of rotating arms, with the rotating shaft driving the two sets of rotating arms to rotate synchronously in a circular motion. The two sets of rotating arms correspond to two slides connecting the fishway. The elevation of the bottom plate of each transfer channel decreases unidirectionally from the side furthest from the confluence of the main stream and tributary towards the confluence.

[0006] The two sets of rotating arms of unequal length are a long rotating arm and a short rotating arm, with the length of the long rotating arm being greater than that of the short rotating arm; the linkage locking mechanism includes an electric cylinder, an electric cylinder push rod, and a one-way valve, with the electric cylinder and one-way valve both assembled at the end of the long rotating arm; the electric cylinder push rod extends and retracts axially to achieve docking and separation of the long rotating arm and the short rotating arm; the one-way valve locks the long rotating arm unit or locks the combination formed by the docking of the long rotating arm and the short rotating arm.

[0007] Both the long and short rotating arms have through holes; two rollers are fixedly installed at the bottom of each transfer channel, and the rollers are tangentially fitted to the inner wall of the hole of the corresponding rotating arm; multiple pairs of flexible baffles are arranged inside the transfer channel along the direction of water flow, and each pair of flexible baffles is inclined toward the estuary of the main stream and tributary; aquatic plants are fixedly arranged on the bottom plate of the transfer channel.

[0008] The downstream end of the transfer channel is equipped with a first flipping plate driven by a flipping motor; several fish-attracting nozzles are arranged on the outside of the first flipping plate, and the fish-attracting nozzles are connected to the upstream reservoir area of ​​the dam through water supply pipelines; a second flipping plate is equipped at the end of the transfer channel near the mouth of the main stream and tributary.

[0009] The two slides are the first slide and the second slide; the first slide is connected to the transfer channel of the long rotating arm, and the second slide is connected to the transfer channel of the short rotating arm; the first slide and the second slide are arranged at an angle from the transfer bridge toward the fishway, and a flow interception gate is set at the connection position between the end of the slide and the fishway; flexible baffles and aquatic plants are arranged longitudinally inside the first slide and the second slide; a whole-area water replenishment system is set up in conjunction with the transfer channel, the first slide and the second slide.

[0010] The fishway is composed of a fishway inlet, a fishway pool chamber, a fishway outlet, and fishway support columns; the transfer bridge is supported by the transfer bridge base; underwater fish detection intelligent equipment is deployed in the downstream main stream section of the dam; it operates in tributary fish passage mode and combined main stream and tributary fish passage mode; Tributary fish passage mode: Close the intercepting gates at the connection between the first slide, the second slide and the fish passage. The fish enter the fish passage pool chamber through the fish passage inlet, and then go up the fish passage pool chamber step by step before flowing into the upstream reservoir area of ​​the dam through the fish passage outlet. Combined fish passage mode of main stream and tributary: Open the intercepting gate at the connection between the first slide, the second slide and the fish passage, start the whole-area water replenishment system of the transfer channel, the first slide and the second slide, and complete the multi-condition fish passage operation including bottom fish crossing dam control, surface fish crossing dam control and surface and bottom fish synchronous crossing dam control.

[0011] In the combined tributary and main stream fish passage mode, the control of bottom-level fish crossing the dam is achieved through the following steps: S211, Control the rotary motor to drive the long rotating arm and the short rotating arm to adjust to a 180° relative position, and control the electric cylinder push rod to extend to achieve rigid docking between the long rotating arm and the short rotating arm; S212. Control the rotary motor to drive the rotary shaft to rotate counterclockwise in a circular motion. The long rotating arm rotates to the bottom water area, and the short rotating arm rotates to the top. S213, Control the one-way valve to lock the long rotating arm, and fix the spatial posture of the two sets of rotating arms; S214. Control the flipping motor to drive the first flipping plate to flip to the horizontal open state, and conduct water replenishment to the fish-attracting nozzle reservoir area to achieve water flow to attract fish. S215. After receiving the signal of fish entering the channel from the underwater fish detection intelligent device, control the first flip plate to flip to the vertical closed state and cut off the water supply of the fish-attracting nozzle. S216. Control the second flip plate to be leveled, open the intercepting gate at the end of the first slide, and the fish swarm slides along the first slide into the fishway and flows into the upstream reservoir area of ​​the dam through the fishway outlet.

[0012] The combined tributary-mainstream fish passage mode achieves surface fish dam passage control through the following steps: S221, Control the rotary motor to drive the long rotating arm and the short rotating arm to adjust to a 180° relative position, and control the electric cylinder push rod to extend to achieve rigid docking between the long rotating arm and the short rotating arm; S222: Control the rotary motor to drive the rotary shaft to rotate counterclockwise in a circular motion, with the long rotating arm rotating to the upper part and the short rotating arm rotating to the surface water. S223, Control the one-way valve to lock the long rotating arm, and fix the spatial posture of the two sets of rotating arms; S224. Control the flipping motor to drive the first flipping plate to flip to the horizontal open state, and conduct water replenishment to the fish-attracting nozzle to achieve water flow to attract fish. S225. After receiving the signal of fish entering the channel from the underwater fish detection intelligent device, control the first flip plate to flip to the vertical closed state and cut off the water supply of the fish-attracting nozzle. S226. Control the second flip plate to be leveled, open the intercepting gate at the end of the second slide, and the fish swarm slides along the second slide into the fishway, and flows into the upstream reservoir area of ​​the dam through the fishway outlet.

[0013] In the combined tributary and main stream fish passage mode, the synchronous passage control of surface and bottom fish over the dam is achieved through the following steps: S231, Control the rotary motor to drive the long rotating arm and the short rotating arm to adjust to the position where the angles coincide, and control the electric cylinder push rod to extend to achieve rigid docking between the long rotating arm and the short rotating arm; S232, control the one-way valve to lock the long rotating arm, control the rotating motor to drive the rotating shaft to rotate counterclockwise, and the long rotating arm and short rotating arm rotate synchronously to below the water surface; S233: Control the flipping motor to drive the first flipping plate of the two sets of transfer channels to flip synchronously to the horizontal open state, and conduct water replenishment to the fish-attracting nozzle reservoir to achieve water flow to attract fish. S234. After receiving the signal of fish entering the channel from the underwater fish detection intelligent device, simultaneously control the first flip plate of the two sets of transfer channels to flip to the vertical closed state and cut off the water supply of the fish-attracting nozzles. S235, simultaneously lower the second flip plate of the two sets of transfer channels, open the interception gates at the ends of the first and second slides, and the fish swarms slide into the fishway along the first and second slides respectively, and flow into the upstream reservoir area of ​​the dam through the fishway outlet.

[0014] When the first flip plate is in a vertical position, it forms a closed water conveyance channel with the side walls on both sides of the transfer channel; when the first flip plate is in a horizontal position, the downstream end of the transfer channel is completely open; when the second flip plate is in a vertical position, it blocks the end of the transfer channel near the mouth of the main stream and tributary; when the second flip plate is in a flat position, the transfer channel is connected to the corresponding slide.

[0015] Compared to existing technologies, this invention, by deploying the entire cross-section of the transfer bridge in the main river section downstream of the dam, and combining it with independent fish passages in tributaries to form two parallel fish passageways, utilizes a combination of long and short rotating arms built into the transfer bridge with a linkage locking mechanism to switch between equipment configurations. Based on the length difference between the long and short rotating arms, they extend into the bottom and surface waters of the river to attract fish at specific points. Simultaneously, a support structure with rollers tangent to the rotating holes ensures the transfer channel remains horizontal throughout its circular lifting and lowering, eliminating the possibility of fish slipping and flowing back during the transfer phase. This structurally provides complete coverage for migratory fish in different water layers of the river. A first flip plate at the downstream end of the transfer channel, equipped with fish-attracting nozzles for water intake from the reservoir, continuously generates a stable fish-attracting water flow distinct from the main river downstream of the dam, pre-emptively facilitating fish aggregation and adapting the aquatic environment in situ within the main river. The system is designed to reduce stress responses in fish entering tributaries and increase the probability of fish actively moving towards fishways and swimming upstream into the pool. It distinguishes between two operating modes: tributary fish passage and combined tributary and main stream fish passage. When the main stream flow is turbulent during dam discharge, only the tributary fishway is used to maintain basic fish passage. When the main stream flow is stable and suitable for attracting fish, the transfer bridge and tributary fishway are operated simultaneously, expanding the time range for stable fish passage operations throughout the year and increasing the overall annual average fish passage volume. The long and short rotating arms can simultaneously transfer surface and bottom-dwelling fish. The layered transfer channels connect to the first and second slides respectively to divert and transport fish. Flexible baffles and aquatic plants are uniformly arranged inside the channels and slides to continuously buffer the impact of fish sliding, provide sheltered habitats, and reduce physical damage and stress during fish transfer.

[0016] The above description is merely an overview of the technical solution of the present invention. In order to better understand the technical means of the present invention and to implement it in accordance with the contents of the specification, and in order to make the above and other objects, features and advantages of the present invention more apparent and understandable, specific embodiments of the present invention are described below. Attached Figure Description

[0017] One or more embodiments are illustrated by way of example with reference numerals in the accompanying drawings. These illustrations do not constitute a limitation on the embodiments. Elements with the same reference numerals in the drawings are denoted as similar elements. Unless otherwise stated, the figures in the drawings are not to be limited by scale.

[0018] Figure 1 This is a general layout diagram of at least one embodiment of the present invention; Figure 2 yes Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the cross-sectional structure; Figure 3 yes Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the structure of the transfer bridge under the condition of fish with bottom-dwelling habits crossing the dam; Figure 4 yes Figure 1A schematic diagram of the structure of the transfer bridge under the condition of fish species that prefer to inhabit the surface layer crossing the dam; Figure 5 yes Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the structure of the transfer bridge under the condition of accommodating both surface-dwelling and bottom-dwelling fish species crossing the dam; Figure 6 yes Figure 1 A partial structural diagram of the transfer bridge under the condition of fish with bottom-dwelling habits crossing the dam; Figure 7 yes Figure 1 A cross-sectional schematic diagram of part of the structure of the transfer bridge under the condition of fish with bottom-dwelling habits crossing the dam; Figure 8 yes Figure 1 A cross-sectional schematic diagram of part of the structure of the transfer bridge under the condition of fish with surface-dwelling habits crossing the dam; Figure 9 yes Figure 7 An enlarged schematic diagram of the electric cylinder, showing the long rotating arm and the short rotating arm separated at this point; Figure 10 yes Figure 8 An enlarged schematic diagram of the electric cylinder, showing the long rotating arm and the short rotating arm docking at this point; Figure 11 yes Figure 3 , Figure 6 , Figure 7 Schematic diagram of the longitudinal section structure of the medium-length and short rotating arms.

[0019] In the diagram: 1-Dam, 2-Fishway, 201-Fishway Inlet, 202-Fishway Pool, 203-Fishway Outlet, 204-Fishway Support Column, 3-Transfer Bridge, 301-Rotating Shaft, 302-Transfer Channel, 303-Long Rotating Arm, 304-Short Rotating Arm, 305-Tilting Motor, 306-First Tilting Plate, 307-Second Tilting Plate, 308-Electric Cylinder, 309-Electric Cylinder Push Rod, 310-One-Way Valve, 311-Aquatic Plants, 312-Flexible Baffle, 313-Roller, 314-First Slide, 315-Second Slide, 316-Transfer Bridge Base, 317-Transfer Channel Base Plate, 318-Fish Attracting Nozzle, 319-Rotating Motor. Detailed Implementation

[0020] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this invention clearer, the embodiments of this invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. However, those skilled in the art will understand that many technical details are presented in the embodiments of this invention to facilitate a better understanding of this application. However, the technical solutions claimed in this application can be implemented even without these technical details and various variations and modifications based on the following embodiments. The division of the following embodiments is for ease of description and should not constitute any limitation on the specific implementation of this invention. The embodiments can be combined with and referenced by each other without contradiction.

[0021] Example 1 like Figures 1 to 11 The system depicted includes a dam 1, a tributary fishway 2, and a main stream transfer bridge 3, which is constructed across the entire cross-section of the river. The fishway 2 is located downstream of the dam 1 in the tributary section. Its independent design provides a stable water temperature and flow velocity environment, reserving a natural habitat transition area for fish. The transfer bridge 3 is located downstream of the dam 1 in the main stream section, at the confluence of the main and tributary sections, or upstream of the main stream. Its full-section damming design completely covers the entire transverse water area of ​​the river, eliminating dead zones and ensuring that all migrating fish can be captured and transferred. The transfer bridge 3 includes a rotating shaft 301 spanning the river and two sets of rotating arms of unequal length. A single rotating shaft supports both sets of rotating arms, ensuring synchronized rotation, eliminating phase differences in the rotation of the two arms, and preventing misalignment of the transfer channel. The bridge is erected above the two sets of rotating arms. The system includes a transfer channel 302 and a rotary motor 319 that drives the rotating shaft 301. A linkage locking mechanism is installed between the two sets of rotating arms, which enables the two sets of rotating arms to be rigidly connected or completely separated. After connection, the two arms rotate synchronously, and after separation, only one arm works independently, which flexibly adapts to the distribution conditions of fish in single water layer and double water layer. The rotating shaft 301 drives the two sets of rotating arms to rotate synchronously. The two sets of rotating arms correspond to two slides connected to the fish passage 2. After layered transfer, the fish are transported through separate channels to avoid stress and avoidance caused by the mixing of fish with different habitats. The bottom elevation of each transfer channel 302 decreases unidirectionally from the side away from the estuary of the main stream and tributary to the side closer to the estuary, forming a directional gravity slope. The fish are propelled to slide towards the tributary side by the weight of the water body, without the need for additional pressurized water conveyance equipment.

[0022] Therefore, by constructing a dual-channel spatial layout architecture for the main stream and tributaries, two independent fish passages are formed by configuring transfer bridges on the main stream and fishways on the tributaries. The rotating arms with differentiated lengths and detachable locking structures can accommodate both surface and bottom-dwelling fish species, covering a variety of migratory species with different ecological habits. The transfer bridges, which are deployed across the entire cross-section of the river, completely cover the lateral range of the river channel, eliminating blind spots for water capture. The transfer channels achieve gravity flow based on a unidirectional decreasing elevation of the bottom plate, which can reduce the scale of the entire system's water conveyance facilities and lower long-term operating energy consumption. The parallel arrangement of the two channels can simultaneously carry out fish attraction and upstream transport operations, increasing the total amount of fish passing through per unit time period, and can meet the fish ecological protection operation needs of hydropower stations where the main stream and tributaries converge.

[0023] Example 2 Based on Embodiment 1, two sets of rotating arms of unequal length are a long rotating arm 303 and a short rotating arm 304. The length of the long rotating arm 303 is greater than that of the short rotating arm 304, and the length difference creates a difference in operating water depth, corresponding to the bottom and surface waters of the river, respectively, to achieve stratified fish attraction. The linkage locking mechanism includes an electric cylinder 308, an electric cylinder push rod 309, and a one-way valve 310. The electric cylinder 308 and the one-way valve 310 are both assembled at the end of the long rotating arm 303, which reduces scattered wiring and lowers the difficulty of on-site installation. The electric cylinder push rod 309 extends and retracts axially to achieve docking and separation of the long rotating arm 303 and the short rotating arm 304. The axial straight docking ensures that the rotation centers of the two arms coincide without offset or jamming. The one-way valve 310 locks the long rotating arm 303 alone, or locks the combination formed by the docking of the long rotating arm 303 and the short rotating arm 304. After locking, the spatial posture of the arm is fixed, and there is no need to continuously drive the motor to maintain the position after the rotation and lifting are completed. Figure 9 Appendix Figure 10 The electric cylinder 308, electric cylinder push rod 309, and one-way valve 310 are shown in two assembly states: separated and connected.

[0024] Furthermore, both the long rotating arm 303 and the short rotating arm 304 have through-holes, providing a complete and supportive surface for the rollers, ensuring uniform force distribution and eliminating localized stress concentration. Each transfer channel 302 has two rollers 313 fixedly mounted at its bottom, with the rollers 313 tangentially fitting against the inner wall of the corresponding rotating arm's hole. This continuous circumferential lifting motion supports the transfer channel, maintaining its horizontal position and preventing fish from slipping due to channel tilting. Inside the transfer channel 302, multiple pairs of flexible baffles 312 are arranged along the water flow direction. Each pair of flexible baffles 312 tilts towards the estuary side of the main stream, gradually buffering the sliding speed of the fish and reducing abrasion damage during transfer. Aquatic plants 311 are fixedly arranged on the bottom plate 317 of the transfer channel to simulate the natural river's sheltered environment, alleviating stress responses during fish transfer. Figure 11 This demonstrates the assembly and fit between roller 313 and the circular hole in the rotating arm.

[0025] Further, the end of the transfer channel 302 facing the downstream of the river channel is equipped with a first turning plate 306 driven by a turning motor 305, and an independent motor separately controls the opening and closing of the inlet, which enables fast action response; a number of fish luring nozzles 318 are arranged on the outer side of the first turning plate 306, and the fish luring nozzles 318 are communicated with the upstream reservoir area of the dam 1 through water delivery pipelines. The water temperature and flow velocity of the water body in the reservoir area are controllable, forming a differentiated water flow signal with the main stream below the dam, so as to improve the fish luring effect; the end of the transfer channel 302 close to the estuary of the main and tributary streams is equipped with a second turning plate 307, and the turning plates are respectively arranged at the inlet and outlet to realize independent management and control of the two sections of luring and transferring without mutual interference. Attached Figure 7 , attached Figure 8 respectively show the cross-section assembly structures of the first turning plate 306 and the second turning plate 307 under different working conditions.

[0026] Further, the two slideways are respectively a first slideway 314 and a second slideway 315; the first slideway 314 is in butt communication with the transfer channel 306 matched with the long rotating arm 303, and the second slideway 315 is in butt communication with the transfer channel 302 matched with the short rotating arm 304, and the layered transfer channels are matched with exclusive slideways one by one, so that surface and bottom layer fish are shunted in the whole process; the first slideway 314 and the second slideway 315 are arranged to incline from the transfer bridge towards the side of the fishway 2, continuing the downhill self-flow logic of the transfer channel to maintain continuous sliding water flow; a closure gate is arranged at the connection position between the tail end of the slideway and the fishway 2, which isolates the interference of main stream water flow when the gate is closed, and forms a complete migration passage when the gate is opened; flexible baffles 312 and aquatic plants 311 are arranged longitudinally inside the first slideway 314 and the second slideway 315, which are unified with the protection structure of the transfer channel to provide buffer protection in the whole process; the transfer channel 302, the first slideway 314 and the second slideway 315 are provided with a full-domain water replenishment system, which continuously maintains a stable water depth in the channel to adapt to the passage of fish of different body sizes. Attached Figure 1 , attached Figure 2 show the overall plane and profile layout relationship of the first slideway 314, the second slideway 315, the transfer bridge 3 and the fishway 2.

[0027] Further, when the first turning plate 306 is in a vertical posture, it encloses with the side walls on both sides of the transfer channel 302 to form a closed water delivery channel, and the closed state blocks the fish school from flowing back to the main stream; when the first turning plate 306 is in a horizontal posture, the downstream end of the transfer channel 302 is fully opened to form a large-area fish luring water inlet; when the second turning plate 307 is in a vertical posture, it blocks the end of the transfer channel 302 close to the estuary of the main and tributary streams, so as to prevent the fish school from sliding into the slideway in advance during the fish luring stage; when the second turning plate 307 is in a flattened posture, the transfer channel 302 is communicated with the corresponding slideway, and the fish school in the channel is fully released into the fishway.

[0028] Furthermore, the fishway 2 is supported by the fishway support column 204, which raises the main body of the fishway to avoid the river silt layer and ensures a stable water depth for fish passage; all components of the transfer bridge 3 are supported by the transfer bridge base 316, and the integrated base disperses the load of the whole machine and improves the stability of the structure operation.

[0029] This configuration includes a layered linkage rotating mechanism, a horizontal self-stabilizing component for the transfer channel, a double-flipping attracting and diverting component, and a matching diverting hydraulic slide. All these structures work together to form a complete hydraulic equipment system that enables layered fish attraction, stable transfer, and low-damage transportation. The combination of long and short rotating arms with electric cylinders and one-way valves allows for switching between various operating configurations to adapt to different fish distribution patterns in the river. The tangential support structure of rollers and circular holes ensures that the transfer channel remains horizontal throughout, stably retaining the attracted fish. Flexible baffles and aquatic plants are uniformly installed in the transfer channel and slides to provide buffering and shelter throughout the fish transfer process, reducing physical damage and stress responses. Independent flip-up plates at the inlet and outlet allow for segmented control of the fish-attracting water flow and fish transport path, ensuring orderly execution of fish collection and release actions. Separate first and second slides allow for independent transport of surface and bottom-dwelling fish, eliminating avoidance behavior caused by mixed fish populations. The comprehensive water replenishment system continuously maintains stable water depth in the passage, unaffected by instantaneous water level fluctuations downstream of the dam. The centralized arrangement of locking elements and the integrated base of the transfer bridge simplify on-site civil engineering and electromechanical installation procedures, reducing engineering construction costs.

[0030] Example 3 Based on Example 1, fishway 2 is composed of fishway inlet 201, fishway pool chamber 202, fishway outlet 203, and fishway support column 204. The multi-stage fishway pool chamber is raised step by step to adapt to the water level difference between the upstream and downstream of the dam. The transfer bridge 3 is supported by the transfer bridge base 316. Underwater fish detection intelligent equipment is deployed in the downstream main stream section of the dam 1 to collect fish distribution signals at different water layers in real time, which serves as the basis for triggering the operation of the entire equipment. It operates in tributary fish passage mode and main stream-tributary combined fish passage mode, and the two modes can be switched independently to adapt to different water conditions. In tributary fish passage mode, the intercepting gates at the connection between the first slide 314, the second slide 315 and fishway 2 are closed to cut off the main stream transfer passage. Fish migrate only through the single passage of the tributary. The fish enter the fishway pool chamber 202 through the fishway inlet 201, and after ascending step by step along the fishway pool chamber 202, they flow into the upstream reservoir area of ​​the dam 1 through the fishway outlet 203. In the combined main stream and tributary fish passage mode, the intercepting gate at the junction of the first slide 314, the second slide 315 and the fish passage 2 is opened to open the dual channels of the main stream and tributary, and the main stream transfer and tributary fish passage are started simultaneously; the whole-area water replenishment system of the transfer channel 302, the first slide 314 and the second slide 315 is started to maintain a stable water depth in the transfer channel and complete the multi-condition fish passage operation.

[0031] Furthermore, such as Figure 3 As shown, the process for controlling bottom-level fish crossing the dam in the combined tributary and main stream fish passage model is as follows: S211, control the rotary motor 319 to drive the long rotary arm 303 and the short rotary arm 304 to adjust to a 180° relative position. The 180° misalignment achieves complete separation of the water depth for the long and short arms, so that they do not interfere with each other. Control the electric cylinder push rod 309 to extend so that the long rotary arm 303 and the short rotary arm 304 are rigidly connected to ensure synchronous rotation. S212, control the rotary motor 319 to drive the rotary shaft 301 to rotate counterclockwise, unify the direction of rotation to simplify the control logic, the long rotating arm 303 rotates to the bottom of the river channel, accurately aiming at the waters where the bottom fish live, and the short rotating arm 304 rotates to the upper part. S213, control check valve 310 to lock long rotating arm 303, fix the spatial posture of two sets of rotating arms, and do not require motor to continuously output torque; S214, Control the flipping motor 305 to drive the first flipping plate 306 to flip to the horizontal open state, open the water inlet over a large area, and connect the fish-attracting nozzle 318 to replenish water in the reservoir to form a stable fish-attracting water flow; S215. After receiving the signal of fish entering the channel from the underwater fish detection intelligent device, the closing action is executed. The timing of all fish entering the channel is precisely controlled. The first flip plate 306 is flipped to the vertical closing state, the water supply of the fish-attracting nozzle 318 is cut off, and the fish backflow is blocked. S216, control the second flip plate 307 to be flattened, open the end intercepting gate of the first slide 314, and the bottom transfer channel is separately connected to the first slide to achieve exclusive diversion. The fish swarm slides along the first slide 314 into the fishway 2, and flows into the upstream reservoir area of ​​the dam 1 through the fishway outlet 203.

[0032] Furthermore, such as Figure 4 As shown, the process for controlling surface fish crossing the dam in the combined tributary and main stream fish passage model is as follows: S221, control the rotary motor 319 to drive the long rotary arm 303 and the short rotary arm 304 to adjust to a 180° relative position to maintain the water depth separation layout; control the electric cylinder push rod 309 to extend to achieve rigid docking between the long rotary arm 303 and the short rotary arm 304; S222, control the rotary motor 319 to drive the rotary shaft 301 to rotate counterclockwise, the long rotating arm 303 rotates to the upper part to align with the surface fish, and the short rotating arm 304 rotates to the surface water. S223, control check valve 310 to lock long rotating arm 303, fix the spatial posture of the two sets of rotating arms; S224, Control the flipping motor 305 to drive the first flipping plate 306 to flip to the horizontal open state, and conduct the fish-attracting nozzle 318 to replenish water in the reservoir to achieve water flow to attract fish; S225. After receiving the signal of fish entering the channel from the underwater fish detection intelligent device, control the first flip plate 306 to flip to the vertical closed state and cut off the water supply of the fish-attracting nozzle 318. S226, control the second flip plate 307 to be leveled, open the end gate of the second slide 315, the surface transfer channel matches the second slide for separate transport, the fish swarm slides along the second slide 315 into the fishway 2, and flows into the upstream reservoir area of ​​the dam 1 through the fishway outlet 203.

[0033] Furthermore, such as Figure 5 , Figure 6 As shown, the process for controlling the synchronous passage of surface and bottom fish across the dam in the combined tributary and main stream fish passage mode is as follows: S231, control the rotary motor 319 to drive the long rotating arm 303 and the short rotating arm 304 to adjust to the position of overlapping angles, and synchronously cover the entire river section; control the electric cylinder push rod 309 to extend to realize the rigid connection between the long rotating arm 303 and the short rotating arm 304. S232, control the one-way valve 310 to lock the long rotating arm 303, control the rotating motor 319 to drive the rotating shaft 301 to rotate counterclockwise, the long rotating arm 303 and the short rotating arm 304 rotate synchronously to below the water surface, at this time, the transfer channel 302 corresponding to the long rotating arm 303 is in the bottom water area, and the transfer channel 302 corresponding to the short rotating arm 304 is in the surface water area of ​​the river. S233, the control flipping motor 305 drives the first flipping plate 306 of the two sets of transfer channels 302 to flip synchronously to the horizontal open state, the dual channels synchronously form a fish-attracting water inlet area, and the fish-attracting nozzle 318 connects to the reservoir area to replenish water and achieve water flow to attract fish. S234. After receiving the signal of fish entering the channel from the underwater fish detection intelligent device, the first flip plate 306 of the two sets of transfer channels 302 is simultaneously controlled to flip to the vertical closed state, the water supply of the fish-attracting nozzle 318 is cut off, and the dual channels are simultaneously locked to prevent the fish from escaping. S235, simultaneously lower the second flip plate 307 of the two sets of transfer channels 302, simultaneously open the intercepting gates at the ends of the first slide 314 and the second slide 315, and transport the surface and bottom fish in the dual channels simultaneously. The fish slide along the first slide 314 and the second slide 315 respectively into the fish channel 2, and flow into the upstream reservoir area of ​​the dam 1 through the fish channel outlet 203.

[0034] This configuration includes two independent operating modes and three subdivided automated control processes. Based on the data collected by the underwater fish detection intelligent equipment, the entire equipment's timing actions are driven, enabling it to adapt to different river conditions and fish distribution scenarios for fish passage operations. The tributary fish passage mode utilizes only the tributary fishway to facilitate fish migration upstream, ensuring stable operation of basic fish passage functions under special water conditions. The combined main stream and tributary fish passage mode simultaneously utilizes the main stream transfer structure and tributary fishways, with a layered control process that can separately target bottom-layer and surface-layer fish for attraction and transfer, or simultaneously capture all fish schools at both the surface and bottom layers. The entire control process forms a closed-loop execution sequence of attitude adjustment, mechanical locking, water flow attraction, closed fish collection, and directional diversion, with a fixed and orderly sequence of actions to avoid fish backflow, escape, and mixing. All control processes share the same set of mechanical and hydraulic hardware, resulting in a high degree of hardware reuse and reducing the number of supporting electromechanical equipment. The layered control processes correspond to different equipment spatial configurations, allowing commissioning personnel to switch the corresponding control program according to the target fish species in the basin, adapting to diverse fish ecological protection operation needs. The fully automated sequential actions reduce on-site manual monitoring and adjustment operations, lowering daily maintenance manpower input.

[0035] Example 4 The above embodiments include a dam 1, a fishway 2, and a transfer bridge 3.

[0036] Fishway 2 is located in the tributary downstream of Dam 1, and transfer bridge 3 is located in the main stream downstream of Dam 1.

[0037] Fishway 2 is a channel structure. Fishway inlet 201 is located in a tributary. Fishway pool chamber 202 is enclosed by fishway sidewalls, fishway partitions, fishway bottom plate, etc. Fishway 2 is supported by fishway support columns 204. After meandering and turning back in the downstream section, it rises to the upstream of dam 1 and fishway outlet 203 is arranged in a suitable location in the reservoir area.

[0038] Fishway inlet 201 faces the main stream direction where dam 1 is located, and a slide A and a slide B are arranged there, which are connected to transfer bridge 3 respectively.

[0039] The main structure of the transfer bridge 3 is supported by the transfer bridge base 316 and is designed to be fully cross-sectionally reversible to block the river channel. The reversing system of the transfer bridge 3 is driven by a rotary motor 319. The rotary motor 319 is connected to a transverse rotating shaft 301 that spans across the transfer bridge 3. Two long rotating arms 303 and two short rotating arms 304 are fixedly connected to the ends of the rotating shaft 301, respectively. The length of the long rotating arms 303 is longer than the length of the short rotating arms 304.

[0040] Two long rotating arms 303 and two short rotating arms 304 are provided with circular holes. A transfer channel 302 is fixedly spanned between the two long rotating arms 303 and between the two short rotating arms 304. The width of the transfer channel 302 is equal to the diameter of the long rotating arms 303 and the short rotating arms 304. Both transfer channels 302 are of the channel type, and the elevation gradually decreases from the end away from the mouth of the main stream and tributary to the end closer to the mouth of the main stream and tributary.

[0041] Two rollers 313 are installed at the lower part of the transfer channel 302. The rollers 313 are tangent to the inner walls of the circular holes of the long rotating arm 303 and the short rotating arm 304.

[0042] Multiple sets of flexible baffles 312 are installed on the bottom plate 317 of the two transfer channels 302. Each set of flexible baffles 312 has two pieces, which are arranged opposite to each other, and the two flexible baffles 312 are tilted towards the side with lower elevation.

[0043] The two transfer channels 302 are also equipped with aquatic plants 311 on their inner floor, which can provide hiding space for fish to stay temporarily.

[0044] Two transfer channels 302 are equipped with a tilting plate A306 on their downstream side. The tilting plate A306 is tilted by a tilting motor 305. When the tilting plate A306 is vertical, the interior of the transfer channel 302 forms a channel shape; when the tilting plate A306 is tilted to the downstream side to be horizontal, the transfer channel 302 is open to the downstream.

[0045] The flip plate A306 has several fish-attracting nozzles 318 facing downstream. The fish-attracting nozzles 318 are connected to the upstream reservoir area through pipes. Water can be obtained from the reservoir area to replenish water and attract fish downstream.

[0046] The lowest elevation of each of the two transfer channels 302 is equipped with a tilting plate B307, which can be tilted by a corresponding motor. When the tilting plate B307 is vertical, the interior of the transfer channel 302 forms a channel shape; when the tilting plate B307 is tilted to the side of the tributary and flattened, the transfer channel 302 is open to the side of the tributary.

[0047] An electric cylinder 308 and an electric cylinder push rod 309 are provided at the end of the long rotating arm 303. The electric cylinder 308 can push out the electric cylinder push rod 309, so that the long rotating arm 303 is connected to the short rotating arm 304; the electric cylinder 308 can also retract the electric cylinder push rod 309, so that the long rotating arm 303 is separated from the short rotating arm 304.

[0048] The rotary motor 319 drives the rotary shaft 301 to rotate, which in turn drives the long rotary arm 303 or simultaneously drives the long rotary arm 303 and the short rotary arm 304 to move around a circle.

[0049] The end of the long rotating arm 303 is also provided with a one-way valve 310, which can be used to lock and fix the long rotating arm 303 or the combination of the long rotating arm 303 and the short rotating arm 304 in a certain position.

[0050] Slides are provided on the outer side of the lowest elevation of the two transfer channels 302, with the long rotating arm 303 aligned with slide A314 and the short rotating arm 304 aligned with slide B315. Slide A314 slopes from the side near the transfer bridge 3 to the side near the fishway 2 and connects to the fishway 2 at its end.

[0051] Gates are installed at the junctions of slides A314 and B315 with fishway 2. Flexible baffles 312 and aquatic plants 311 are arranged longitudinally in slides A314 and B315 to reduce physical damage to the fish during their gliding process.

[0052] Water replenishment systems should be installed in transfer channels 302 and slides A314 and B315 to maintain sufficient water flow and depth suitable for transferring fish.

[0053] The downstream main stream section of the dam is equipped with an underwater fish detection and intelligent system to determine the water layer ecological habits of fish crossing the dam.

[0054] The above system operates in the following manner: S1, Tributary Fish Passage When the main dam discharges floodwaters or other conditions are unfavorable for attracting fish, the fish are mainly attracted by the tributary flow and gather near the fishway inlet 201. Drawn by the water flow within fishway 2 and its replenishment system, they swim upstream through fishway pool 202, eventually exiting through fishway outlet 203 and entering the upstream reservoir section of dam 1, completing their upstream migration. Under these conditions, the gates at the junctions of slides A314 and B315 with fishway 2 are closed.

[0055] S2, Combined fish passage between main stream and tributaries (1) When there are conditions in the downstream of the main stream that are conducive to fish aggregation, the fish migrate upstream along two paths: the main stream and the tributary. Under this condition, the gates at the junction of slides A314, slides B315 and fishway 2 are open, and the water replenishment systems in transfer channel 302 and slides A314 and slides B315 are configured with suitable water flow conditions.

[0056] (2) When the main target fish are bottom-dwelling fish, the fish crossing process is completed through the following steps: ① First, start the rotary motor 319 to rotate the long rotating arm 303 to a position where it is 180 degrees relative to the short rotating arm 304 at the bottom; the electric cylinder 308 pushes out the electric cylinder push rod 309 so that the long rotating arm 303 and the short rotating arm 304 are connected and remain relatively stationary.

[0057] ② Start the rotary motor 319 to drive the rotary shaft 301 to rotate, causing the long rotary arm 303, the short rotary arm 304, and the transfer channel 302 to rotate counterclockwise in a circular motion until the short rotary arm 304 rotates to the top and the long rotary arm 303 rotates to the bottom. During this rotation and lifting process, the rollers under the fish passage 302 can always maintain a horizontal state through their tangential interaction with the circular hole.

[0058] ③ When the transfer channel 302 corresponding to the long rotating arm 303 rotates to a suitable position at the bottom of the water, the long rotating arm A303 is locked by the one-way valve 310 to keep it stationary; ④ Control the flip plate A306 to flip to the horizontal by flipping motor 305, turn on fish attractant nozzle 318, spray fish attractant water downstream, attract fish to enter the transfer channel 302 along the flip plate A306 (this step is the operation of the transfer channel 302 corresponding to the long rotating arm 303).

[0059] ⑤ After the fish enter the transfer channel 302, the flipping plate A306 is flipped to vertical by the flipping motor 305, and the fish attracting nozzle 318 is turned off (this step is the operation of the transfer channel 302 corresponding to the long rotating arm 303).

[0060] ⑥ The fish slide along the progressively flexible baffles 312 in the transfer channel to the junction with the slide rail A314. The flip plate B307 is flipped to flatten by the motor corresponding to it, and the fish slide along the progressively flexible baffles 312 through the slide rail A314 to the junction with the fish track 2 (this step is the operation of the transfer channel 302 corresponding to the long rotating arm 303).

[0061] ⑦ Open the gate at the junction of slide A314 and fishway 2. The fish are attracted by the water flow in the fishway and swim upstream along the fishway pool 202 step by step. Finally, they swim out of the fishway outlet 203 and enter the upstream reservoir section of the dam 1 to complete the upstream process.

[0062] (3) When the main target fish are fish that prefer to live in the surface layer, the fish crossing process is completed through the following steps: ① First, start the rotary motor 319 to rotate the long rotating arm 303 to a position where it is 180 degrees relative to the short rotating arm 304 at the bottom; the electric cylinder 308 pushes out the electric cylinder push rod 309 so that the long rotating arm 303 and the short rotating arm 304 are connected and remain relatively stationary.

[0063] ② Start the rotary motor 319 to drive the rotary shaft 301 to rotate, causing the long rotary arm 303, the short rotary arm 304, and the transfer channel 302 to rotate counterclockwise in a circular motion until the long rotary arm 303 reaches the top and the short rotary arm 304 reaches the bottom. During this rotation and lifting process, the rollers under the fish passage 302 maintain a horizontal state through their tangential interaction with the circular hole.

[0064] ③ When the transfer channel 302 corresponding to the short rotating arm 303 rotates to a suitable position on the underwater surface, the long rotating arm A303 is locked by the one-way valve 310 to keep it stationary.

[0065] Steps ④, ⑤, and ⑥ are the same as steps ④, ⑤, and ⑥ in (2) (this step is the operation of the transfer channel 302 corresponding to the short rotating arm 304).

[0066] ⑦ Open the gate at the junction of slide B315 and fishway 2. The fish are attracted by the water flow in the fishway and swim upstream along the fishway pool 202 step by step. Finally, they swim out of the fishway outlet 203 and enter the upstream reservoir section of the dam 1 to complete the upstream process.

[0067] (4) When the main fish species crossing the dam include both surface-dwelling and bottom-dwelling fish, the fish crossing process is completed through the following steps: ① First, start the rotary motor 319 to rotate the long rotating arm 303 to the same angle as the short rotating arm 304; the electric cylinder 308 pushes out the electric cylinder push rod 309 so that the long rotating arm 303 and the short rotating arm 304 are connected and remain relatively stationary.

[0068] ② The long rotating arm A303 is locked in place by the one-way valve 310, keeping it stationary. The rotary motor 319 is started, driving the rotating shaft 301 to rotate, which in turn causes the long rotating arm 303, the short rotating arm 304, and the transfer channel 302 to rotate counterclockwise in a circular motion until the long rotating arm 303 and the short rotating arm 304 reach the bottom. The roller under the fish passage 302 is kept horizontal by its tangential interaction with the circular hole.

[0069] Steps ③, ④, and ⑤ are the same as steps ④, ⑤, and ⑥ in (2) (this step is the operation of the transfer channel 302 corresponding to the long rotating arm 303 and the short rotating arm 304).

[0070] ⑥ Open the gate at the junction of slide A314, slide B315 and fishway 2. The fish are attracted by the water flow in the fishway and swim upstream along the fishway pool 202 step by step. Finally, they swim out of the fishway outlet 203 and enter the upstream reservoir section of the dam 1 to complete the upstream process.

[0071] Therefore, the present invention: (1) A transfer bridge with comprehensive fish passage function was first created: a full-section reversible transfer bridge was set up in the downstream main stream of the dam. According to the ecological habits of fish downstream of the dam (especially the water layer inhabitation habits), fish passage channels corresponding to long rotating arms and short rotating arms were configured respectively. When there are working conditions in the downstream of the main stream that are conducive to fish gathering, the long rotating arm drives the corresponding fish passage channel to the bottom water body to carry out fish attraction, lifting and transfer processes; when the main fish passing targets are fish that prefer surface inhabitation habits, the long rotating arm is rotated to Positioned 180 degrees relative to the short rotating arm and relatively stationary, the short rotating arm rotates to the surface water to attract, lift, and transfer fish. When the main fish to be transferred include both surface-dwelling and bottom-dwelling fish, the long rotating arm is rotated to the same angle as the short rotating arm and relatively stationary. Through a unified rotation process, the transfer channels corresponding to the long and short rotating arms are simultaneously rotated below the water surface, which can simultaneously meet the fish transfer needs of both surface-dwelling and bottom-dwelling fish.

[0072] (2) A combined fish passage mode for tributaries and main streams was created: a fish passage mode was proposed that combines fish passages in tributaries and transfer bridges in the main stream. The fish passage situation was divided into the physical barrier of the main stream dam, the velocity barrier, and the conditions in which both the main stream and tributaries are suitable for attracting fish. This mode is more flexible and adaptable to the actual fish passage needs: when the main stream dam discharges floodwater or other conditions are not conducive to attracting fish, only the fish passages in the tributaries are operated to achieve the fish passage process. When there are conditions in the downstream of the main stream that are conducive to fish gathering, the main stream transfer bridge is activated to attract, lift and transfer fish, and fish pass through the tributary fish passages together, which can achieve full coverage of migrating fish passing through the dam.

[0073] (3) A smooth and orderly circular lifting process was constructed: Two rollers were installed at the bottom of the transfer channel. The rollers were tangent to the circular holes of the long and short rotating arms, so that the fish passage could always remain horizontal during the circular rotation, which cleverly resolved the risk of the fish overturning from the fish passage into the river during the rotation. An electric cylinder push rod was set on the long rotating arm. The push and pull function of the electric cylinder push rod could realize the connection or separation of the long and short rotating arms, which facilitated the joint control or individual control of the two. A one-way valve was set on the long rotating arm. Its locking function ensured that the long and short rotating arms combined or individually were fixed in a certain position.

[0074] Those skilled in the art will understand that the above embodiments can be modified in form and detail in practical applications without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention.

Claims

1. A combined tributary and main stream fish passage system, characterized in that, The system includes a dam (1), a tributary fishway (2), and a main stream transfer bridge (3) with a full cross-section of the river. The fishway (2) is located in the downstream tributary section of the dam (1), and the transfer bridge (3) is located in the downstream main stream section of the dam (1). The transfer bridge (3) includes a rotating shaft (301) spanning the river, two sets of rotating arms of unequal length, transfer channels (302) erected above the two sets of rotating arms, and a rotating motor (319) that drives the rotating shaft (301) to rotate. A linkage locking mechanism is installed between the two sets of rotating arms. The linkage locking mechanism enables the two sets of rotating arms to be rigidly connected or completely separated. The rotating shaft (301) drives the two sets of rotating arms to rotate synchronously in a circular motion. The two sets of rotating arms correspond to two slides that connect to the fishway (2). The elevation of the bottom plate of each transfer channel (302) decreases unidirectionally from the downstream of the river to the mouth of the main and tributary rivers.

2. The combined tributary and main stream fish passage system as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The two sets of rotating arms of unequal length are a long rotating arm (303) and a short rotating arm (304), with the length of the long rotating arm (303) being greater than that of the short rotating arm (304). The linkage locking mechanism includes an electric cylinder (308), an electric cylinder push rod (309), and a one-way valve (310). The electric cylinder (308) and the one-way valve (310) are both assembled at the end of the long rotating arm (303). The electric cylinder push rod (309) extends and retracts axially to realize the docking and separation of the long rotating arm (303) and the short rotating arm (304). The one-way valve (310) locks the long rotating arm (303) as a single unit, or locks the combination formed by the docking of the long rotating arm (303) and the short rotating arm (304).

3. The combined tributary and main stream fish passage system as described in claim 2, characterized in that, Both the long rotating arm (303) and the short rotating arm (304) have through circular holes; each transfer channel (302) has two rollers (313) fixedly mounted at the bottom, and the rollers (313) are tangentially fitted to the inner wall of the circular hole of the corresponding rotating arm; multiple pairs of flexible baffles (312) are arranged inside the transfer channel (302) along the direction of water flow, and each pair of flexible baffles (312) is inclined toward the side of the estuary of the main stream and tributary; aquatic plants (311) are fixedly arranged on the bottom plate (317) of the transfer channel (302).

4. The combined tributary and main stream fish passage system as described in claim 3, characterized in that, The transfer channel (302) is equipped with a first flip plate (306) driven by a flip motor (305) at the downstream end of the river channel; several fish-attracting nozzles (318) are arranged on the outside of the first flip plate (306), and the fish-attracting nozzles (318) are connected to the upstream reservoir area of ​​the dam (1) through a water conveyance pipeline; a second flip plate (307) is equipped at the end of the transfer channel (302) near the mouth of the main and tributary rivers.

5. The combined tributary and main stream fish passage system as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The two slides are the first slide (314) and the second slide (315); the first slide (314) is connected to the transfer channel (302) of the long rotating arm (303), and the second slide (315) is connected to the transfer channel (302) of the short rotating arm (304); the first slide (314) and the second slide (315) are arranged laterally from the transfer bridge to the fishway (2), and the end of the slide is connected to the fishway (2) with a flow intercepting gate; flexible baffles (312) and aquatic plants (311) are arranged longitudinally inside the first slide (314) and the second slide (315); the transfer channel (302), the first slide (314), and the second slide (315) are equipped with a whole-area water replenishment system.

6. The combined tributary and main stream fish passage system as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The fishway (2) is composed of a fishway inlet (201), a fishway pool (202), a fishway outlet (203), and a fishway support column (204); the transfer bridge (3) is supported by the transfer bridge base (316); underwater fish detection intelligent equipment is deployed in the downstream main stream section of the dam (1); it operates in the tributary fish passage mode and the combined tributary and main stream fish passage mode; Tributary fish passage mode: Close the intercepting gate at the junction of the first slide (314), the second slide (315) and the fish passage (2). The fish enter the fish passage pool chamber (202) through the fish passage inlet (201), and after ascending step by step along the fish passage pool chamber (202), they flow into the upstream reservoir area of ​​the dam (1) through the fish passage outlet (203). Combined fish passage mode of main stream and tributary: Open the intercepting gate at the junction of the first slide (314), the second slide (315) and the fish passage (2), start the whole-area water replenishment system of the transfer channel (302), the first slide (314) and the second slide (315), and complete the multi-condition fish passage operation including bottom fish crossing dam control, surface fish crossing dam control and surface and bottom fish synchronous crossing dam control.

7. The combined tributary and main stream fish passage system as described in claim 6, characterized in that, In the combined tributary and main stream fish passage mode, the control of bottom-level fish crossing the dam is achieved through the following steps: S211, control the rotary motor (319) to drive the long rotary arm (303) and the short rotary arm (304) to adjust to a 180° relative position, control the electric cylinder push rod (309) to extend to achieve rigid docking between the long rotary arm (303) and the short rotary arm (304); S212, control the rotary motor (319) to drive the rotary shaft (301) to rotate counterclockwise, the long rotary arm (303) rotates to the bottom water area, and the short rotary arm (304) rotates to the upper part; S213, control the one-way valve (310) to lock the long rotating arm (303) and fix the spatial posture of the two sets of rotating arms; S214. Control the flipping motor (305) to drive the first flipping plate (306) to flip to the horizontal open state, and conduct the fish-attracting nozzle (318) to replenish water in the reservoir to achieve water flow to attract fish; S215. After receiving the signal of fish entering the channel from the underwater fish detection intelligent device, control the first flip plate (306) to flip to the vertical closed state and cut off the water supply of the fish attracting nozzle (318); S216. Control the second flip plate (307) to be flattened, open the intercepting gate at the end of the first slide (314), and the fish swarm slides along the first slide (314) into the fishway (2), and flows into the upstream reservoir area of ​​the dam (1) through the fishway outlet (203).

8. The combined tributary and main stream fish passage system as described in claim 6, characterized in that, The combined tributary-mainstream fish passage mode achieves surface fish dam passage control through the following steps: S221, control the rotary motor (319) to drive the long rotating arm (303) and the short rotating arm (304) to adjust to a 180° relative position, control the electric cylinder push rod (309) to extend to achieve rigid docking between the long rotating arm (303) and the short rotating arm (304); S222, control the rotary motor (319) to drive the rotary shaft (301) to rotate counterclockwise, the long rotary arm (303) rotates to the upper part, and the short rotary arm (304) rotates to the surface water; S223, control the one-way valve (310) to lock the long rotating arm (303) and fix the spatial posture of the two sets of rotating arms; S224. Control the flipping motor (305) to drive the first flipping plate (306) to flip to the horizontal open state, and conduct the fish-attracting nozzle (318) to replenish water in the reservoir to achieve water flow to attract fish; S225. After receiving the signal of fish entering the channel from the underwater fish detection intelligent device, control the first flip plate (306) to flip to the vertical closed state and cut off the water supply of the fish-attracting nozzle (318); S226. Control the second flip plate (307) to be flattened, open the intercepting gate at the end of the second slide (315), and the fish swarm slides along the second slide (315) into the fishway (2), and flows into the upstream reservoir area of ​​the dam (1) through the fishway outlet (203).

9. The combined tributary and main stream fish passage system as described in claim 6, characterized in that, In the combined tributary and main stream fish passage mode, the synchronous passage control of surface and bottom fish over the dam is achieved through the following steps: S231, control the rotary motor (319) to drive the long rotating arm (303) and the short rotating arm (304) to adjust to the angle coincidence position, control the electric cylinder push rod (309) to extend to realize the rigid docking of the long rotating arm (303) and the short rotating arm (304); S232, control the one-way valve (310) to lock the long rotating arm (303), control the rotating motor (319) to drive the rotating shaft (301) to rotate counterclockwise, and the long rotating arm (303) and the short rotating arm (304) rotate synchronously to below the water surface; S233, control the flipping motor (305) to drive the first flipping plate (306) of the two sets of transfer channels (302) to flip synchronously to the horizontal open state, and conduct the fish-attracting nozzle (318) to replenish water in the reservoir to achieve water flow to attract fish; S234. After receiving the signal of fish entering the channel from the underwater fish detection intelligent device, the first flip plate (306) of the two sets of transfer channels (302) is simultaneously controlled to flip to the vertical closed state, and the water supply of the fish-attracting nozzle (318) is cut off. S235, simultaneously lower the second flip plate (307) of the two sets of transfer channels (302), open the intercepting gate at the end of the first slide (314) and the second slide (315), and the fish swarm slides along the first slide (314) and the second slide (315) into the fishway (2), and flows into the upstream reservoir area of ​​the dam (1) through the fishway outlet (203).

10. The combined tributary and main stream fish passage system as described in claim 4, characterized in that, When the first flip plate (306) is in a vertical position, it forms a closed water conveyance channel with the side walls of the transfer channel (302); when the first flip plate (306) is in a horizontal position, the downstream end of the transfer channel (302) is completely open; when the second flip plate (307) is in a vertical position, it blocks the end of the transfer channel (302) near the mouth of the main and tributary rivers; when the second flip plate (307) is in a flat position, the transfer channel (302) is connected to the corresponding slide.

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