A multi-scale gravity energy storage facility driven by water turbine pumping water

Abstract

The application discloses a kind of water turbine pumping water drive energy conversion multiscale gravity energy storage facilities, it is related to multiscale energy storage field.The facility includes pumping water energy storage device: heavy load reservoir system, one or more water turbine power generation device, the side pressure buffer structure of reservoir and load facility, the heavy load buffer device of reservoir bottom, the side pressure buffer hydraulic system device of heavy load reservoir inner wall and load facility, ordinary reservoir (also can be omitted, its water storage function is arranged on the upper portion of heavy load reservoir) and the like.The application is through water turbine (for reversible, or for pumping, separate water turbine of water discharge) to the full sealing large water jacket (i.e. large water bag, same below) in heavy load reservoir by waterproof hammer device, electric valve and the like pumping water, to drive heavy load uplink energy storage with water pressure;Then, again using heavy load to drive water turbine with water pressure to generate electricity generator, and the cycle is repeated;Energy storage is widely suitable for occasion.

Description

[0001] This application is The application number is: CN202311276538.0 Application date: October 3, 2023 The invention is titled: A multi-scale gravity energy storage facility and method for converting water (liquid)-driven energy from a water (liquid) turbine. Divisional application of the invention patent Technical Field

[0002] This invention relates to the field of multi-scale energy storage technology, and in particular to a multi-scale gravity energy storage facility that converts water turbine pumping and drainage energy. Background Technology

[0003] "Peaking carbon emissions and achieving carbon neutrality" is of great significance to national and global sustainable development and environmental protection, climate change, the sustainable survival and well-being of all mankind, and the protection of sustainable energy development, optimization of energy structure, energy conservation, optimization of power quality, and reduction of power waste. Energy storage is of great value in achieving "peaking carbon emissions and achieving carbon neutrality" in China and globally. The integration of "source, grid, load, and storage," including energy storage, is an important pillar for achieving the goal of "peaking carbon emissions and achieving carbon neutrality." Energy storage plays a pivotal role in wind power, solar power, peak shaving and valley filling, improving power quality, increasing reliability, improving grid characteristics, meeting the needs of renewable energy, and improving the economic feasibility and efficiency of the "source, grid, load, storage, and utilization" power system.

[0004] Energy storage devices / facilities are devices / facilities that store energy. Common types of energy storage devices / facilities include pumped hydro storage, flywheel energy storage, compressed air energy storage, hydrogen and other synthetic fuel energy storage, electrochemical energy storage, capacitor energy storage, thermal energy storage, superconducting energy storage, and power system self-storage. Among these, pumped hydro storage is the most superior, efficient, and large-capacity energy storage technology currently on the market, and it is also the most mature, reliable, safe, and long-life energy storage technology. However, it is a technology with higher energy loss than the technology in this patent. Hydrogen and other synthetic fuels are expensive, flammable, and explosive for energy storage; flywheel energy storage has limited capacity, high losses, insufficient energy density, high self-discharge rate, and limited storage time; electrochemical energy storage is expensive, some have heat generation issues, and has a much shorter lifespan than this patented solution and pumped hydro storage; compressed air energy storage has limited suitable applications, low efficiency, and generates a lot of heat during gas compression; capacitor energy storage has high losses, is prone to self-discharge, is expensive, and has a shorter lifespan than this patented solution, which has a longer lifespan than pumped hydro storage; superconducting energy storage has low energy density and a certain degree of self-discharge; thermal energy storage has large self-loss and is limited in application and location; chemical energy storage has low efficiency and high cost; other niche energy storage methods also have many disadvantages that make large-scale promotion difficult, and so on.

[0005] This patented multi-scale gravity energy storage method driven by water turbine pumping and drainage not only possesses the advantages of pumped storage mentioned above, but also boasts high comprehensive efficiency, enormous energy storage capacity (at multiple scales), high mobility and reliability, multiple operating conditions, long lifespan, rapid energy conversion, low average comprehensive cost per kilowatt-hour over its lifespan, safety, reliability, and is highly competitive. Pumped storage, on the other hand, suffers from disadvantages such as difficult site selection (often in remote suburbs), high construction costs, difficulties in relocation and resettlement, transportation difficulties, overhead power lines, the need for strong leakage prevention, easy evaporation, long construction period, and significant losses (compared to this patented technology). Furthermore, the challenges of reclaiming land in suburban areas and the need to consider geological conditions further complicate construction. Therefore, this patent inherits almost all the advantages of pumped storage and can be constructed in non-wilderness, non-suburban locations where geological conditions permit. This reduces the difficulty and cost of construction, transportation, and logistics, while also offering flexible site selection. In other words, it essentially overcomes most of the disadvantages and shortcomings of pumped storage.

[0006] While other energy storage methods each have their own advantages, they generally do not achieve the comprehensive performance, benefits, and competitiveness of pumped hydro storage. This multi-scale gravity energy storage facility, in addition to basically taking into account the advantages of pumped hydro storage and overcoming its disadvantages, can also accommodate multi-scale energy storage methods such as ultra-large-scale, large-scale, medium-scale, and small-scale energy storage driven by a water turbine. Furthermore, it can achieve extremely low leakage losses, or even zero leakage. Summary of the Invention

[0007] To address the shortcomings of existing technologies, this invention provides a multi-scale gravity energy storage facility for the conversion of pumping and drainage energy driven by a water turbine, thereby solving the problems mentioned in the background art.

[0008] To solve the above-mentioned technical problems, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is as follows: The multi-scale gravity energy storage facility, which converts water pumping and drainage energy, consists of a heavy-duty reservoir, a turbine, a regular reservoir, and a hydraulic system that distributes the liquid pressure on the sides of the heavy-duty reservoir. The heavy-duty reservoir is fixedly connected to the turbine via a water hammer prevention device and an electric valve. The turbine is fixedly connected to the bottom or lower part of the regular reservoir via a pipe and an electric valve. The regular reservoir is fixedly connected to the turbine via a pipe and an electric valve. The turbine is fixedly connected to the heavy-duty reservoir via a pipe and an electric valve. The reversible turbine, powered by electricity from the grid, pumps water from the regular reservoir into the lower part of the heavy-duty reservoir. The heavy load in the upper part of the heavy-duty reservoir rises along the inner wall of the heavy-duty reservoir under the pressure of the water pumped in by the reversible turbine, converting electrical energy into the potential energy of the heavy load. The pressure of the heavy load is applied to the fluid in the heavy-duty reservoir, increasing the fluid pressure. The surge in water pressure drives the reversible turbine to rotate, thereby generating electricity. The outer side of the heavy-duty container and the inner side of the heavy-duty water storage tank are fitted with a small gap. Both the outer side of the heavy-duty container and the inner side of the heavy-duty energy storage tank are arranged in a vertical direction. Several rollers are arranged in the gap. The rollers are used to convert the sliding friction between the heavy-duty container and the heavy-duty energy storage tank into rolling friction. It also includes a pull-along plate, on which fastening plates are detachably mounted on both opposite sides along the width direction. The fastening plates are fixed to the pull-along plate by anti-loosening fasteners. A roller hole is opened on the side of the fastening plate away from the pull-along plate, and a roller is installed in the roller hole. The roller is a continuous shaft with a step at each end. The journals at both ends of the roller are respectively installed in the roller holes of the fastening plates on both sides of the pull-along plate. The diameter of the middle shaft section of the roller is greater than the thickness of the fastening plate. The shaft end of the roller and the roller hole are clearance fit. The width of the pull-along plate is less than or equal to the length of the roller. When the pull-open plate is opened and closed, there is no relative sliding between the pull-open plate and the water jacket.

[0009] Furthermore, the heavy-duty water storage tank is equipped with a stackable water jacket for sealing the heavy-duty container. The water jacket cable is used to pull the stackable water jacket to slide up and down with the heavy-duty container. The water jacket is fastened at the bottom of the heavy-duty water storage tank, and the individual components of the water jacket are fastened with fasteners to form a complete giant water jacket.

[0010] Furthermore, the lower part of the heavy-duty container is connected to an angular device to prevent the heavy-duty container from biting into the water jacket inside the heavy-duty water storage tank.

[0011] Furthermore, a stackable and pullable telescopic, damage-resistant plate is installed outside the fully sealed water jacket and the corner-shaped device to prevent it from being bitten, so as to accommodate the stacking or folding of the fully sealed water jacket during heavy-duty up-and-down movement.

[0012] Furthermore, the bottom of the heavy-duty water storage tank is provided with a hydraulic buffer partition assembly for load equalization at the bottom of the heavy-duty water tank. The hydraulic buffer partition assembly for load equalization at the bottom of the heavy-duty water tank includes a hydraulic buffer partition sealing strip for load equalization at the bottom of the heavy-duty water tank, a buffer spring block for load equalization, a spring, a liquid separation chamber of the heavy-duty base, a mounting plate for the sealing strip block of the heavy-duty base, a load equalization buffer plate of the heavy-duty base, and a load equalization pressure plate of the heavy-duty base. The hydraulic buffer partition sealing strip for load equalization at the bottom of the heavy-duty water tank is fastened to the buffer spring block for load equalization, and the spring presses the buffer spring block for load equalization.

[0013] Furthermore, a hydraulic system that distributes the liquid pressure on the side of the heavy-duty water storage tank is connected to the gap cavity between the outer wall of the heavy-duty container and the side wall of the heavy-duty water storage tank via a pipeline. The gap cavity is equipped with a wear-resistant, damage-resistant, and aging-resistant sealing strip, a spring abutment, and a spring. The wear-resistant, damage-resistant, and aging-resistant sealing strip is fastened to the spring abutment, the spring abutment is pressed against the spring, and the wear-resistant, damage-resistant, and aging-resistant sealing strip is pressed against the wear-resistant and damage-resistant lining wall of the heavy-duty container.

[0014] Furthermore, the hydraulic system comprises a water tank, electric valves, a filter, a bidirectional variable hydraulic pump, a check valve, a relief valve, a solenoid directional valve, a pressure gauge, an accumulator, and a pressure relay. The water tank and the electric valves are fixedly connected, the electric valves and the filter are fixedly connected, the filter is connected to the bidirectional variable hydraulic pump, one branch of the bidirectional variable hydraulic pump is fixedly connected to the check valve, and the other branch is fixedly connected to the relief valve and the water tank in sequence. The check valve is fixedly connected to the solenoid directional valve, and the solenoid directional valve is fixedly connected to the pressure gauge, the accumulator, and the pressure relay in sequence. The pressure relay is then fixedly connected to the side pressure-dividing chamber unit of the heavy-duty water storage tank that bears the lateral water pressure.

[0015] Furthermore, a limit switch is provided at the top of the heavy-duty water storage tank. When the upper end of the heavy load rises to the top of the heavy-duty water storage tank, the upper end of the heavy load triggers the limit switch installed at the top of the heavy-duty water storage tank. Furthermore, lightning protection devices and facilities are installed on the gravity energy storage facility.

[0016] Furthermore, the gravity energy storage facility employs a digital twin method to ensure that the center of gravity of the gravity energy storage structure is located at the geometric center of the facility. The installation and design are guided by the digital twin method. The gravity energy storage facility is equipped with a maintenance entrance, with the maintenance entrance door placed inside the main structure door frame and completely sealed around the perimeter by a maintenance entrance door sealing strip. The maintenance entrance door is connected or hinged to the lifting device of the heavy-duty water tank maintenance entrance door using hooks or steel cables. The maintenance entrance door sealing strip is angled or T-shaped and sealed to the heavy-duty water tank.

[0017] The beneficial effects of adopting the above technical solution are as follows: Compared with the prior art, the present invention uses a horizontal axis stirring assembly to stir the bottom of the reactor where the material has high viscosity, poor flowability, and high resistance. As the hydrothermal carbonization reaction progresses, the viscosity of the material decreases, the flowability increases, and the resistance decreases. A vertical axis stirring assembly is used to process the upper material, which has low viscosity, high flowability, and low resistance, resulting in more uniform stirring. Once the hydrothermal carbonization reaction is complete, the material is discharged from the outlet. The present invention combines horizontal and vertical axis stirring, which improves the uniformity of material stirring within the reactor, results in more uniform temperature, greater processing capacity, and higher reaction efficiency. By positioning the feed inlet at the bottom center and the discharge outlet at the top center of the reactor, the material can form a regular convection flow along the reactor's central axis. This, combined with a double-layer stirring structure, reduces dead zones for material sedimentation. A circulation pipeline connecting the feed and discharge inlets, along with a circulation pump, allows the top carbon slurry to flow back to the bottom, extending the material's residence time, enhancing mass and heat transfer within the reactor, and improving the uniformity of the hydrothermal carbonization reaction. Finally, valves are added to the inlet and outlet of the circulation pump, allowing for flexible switching between material circulation and direct discharge modes, and also isolating the high-pressure medium inside the reactor during pump maintenance, thus improving equipment safety. This invention is particularly suitable for hydrothermal carbonization of high-solids, high-viscosity organic waste, offering greater overall processing capacity and higher reaction efficiency. Attached Figure Description

[0018] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of a multi-scale gravity energy storage facility for converting pumping and drainage energy driven by a water turbine according to the present invention. Figure 2 For the present invention Figure 1 Schematic diagram of the structure of medium and heavy load water storage tank 2; Figure 3 For the present invention Figure 2 A partially enlarged structural diagram of the lower part of the medium-heavy load water storage tank 2 and the stackable (foldable) fully sealed water jacket; Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the detection inlet gate and related structures of the heavy-duty water storage tank 2 in this invention; Figure 5 This is the anti-collision hydraulic system for the gap partition cavity between the heavy load and the side of the water storage tank in this invention.

[0019] Figure 6 This is an enlarged view of the structural component 219 (four variants are given: 219(A), 219(B), 219(C) and 219(D), but not limited to these four) for maintenance and replacement of the outer wall and sealing device of the heavy-duty container in this invention) and the sealing device.

[0020] Figure 7For heavy-duty energy storage tanks with small gap sidewall cavities (the small gap cavities between heavy-duty energy storage tanks are filled with friction-reducing materials, such as friction-reducing lubricating fluids; or the two are only well-smoothly fitted with small gaps without placing friction-reducing materials).

[0021] Figures 8a to 8e A heavy-duty energy storage tank with rollers placed in the cavity between the side walls with small gaps (a rolling object with low friction, such as a roller, is placed in the small gap cavity between the heavy-duty energy storage tanks).

[0022] Figure 9 A multi-scale energy storage facility for pumping and draining water between the bottom and top of a heavy-duty storage tank for energy storage and power generation by a water turbine (a small vent is provided on the upper sealed cover of the heavy-duty storage tank, which is used to connect the upper cavity of the heavy-duty storage tank with atmospheric pressure when the water turbine pumps and drains water between the bottom and top of the heavy-duty storage tank for energy storage and power generation, so as to balance the atmospheric pressure by allowing gas to enter and exit).

[0023] Figure 10 The high-pressure hydraulic hose is vertically inserted into the heavy-duty energy storage tank between the side walls (the high-pressure hydraulic hose at the top of the heavy-duty energy storage tank is longer to facilitate the up and down movement of the heavy load and prevent it from being pulled apart due to restricted movement).

[0024] Figure 11 A partial view of the side cavity of the heavy-duty energy storage tank with the high-pressure hydraulic hose vertically inserted between the side walls of the tank (the high-pressure hydraulic hose at the top of the tank is longer to facilitate the up-and-down movement of the heavy load and prevent it from being pulled apart due to restricted movement).

[0025] Figure 12 A partial view of a heavy-duty energy storage tank with attached composite plates and a water jacket (the uppermost and lowermost plates of the composite plates in the lower cavity of the heavy-duty energy storage tank are fastened to the inner wall of the heavy-duty energy storage tank by bolts, and the composite plates can move and slide against each other by means of sliding bolts with grooves and empty sleeves on the composite plates).

[0026] Figure 13 This is a partial enlarged view of a heavy-duty energy storage tank with attached composite plates and a water jacket (the water jacket is a specially made high-strength, soft material with internal reinforcing ribs (such as steel wire), and is large enough to withstand heavy loads up to the upper stop point; the composite plates are equipped with sliding grooves and empty sleeves with sliding bolts, allowing the composite plates to move and slide against each other).

[0027] Figure 1 In Chinese: 1. Water turbine; 2. Heavy-duty reservoir; 3. Ordinary reservoir; 4. Water turbine; 5. Anti-collision hydraulic system for the gap partition cavity between the two sides of the heavy-duty reservoir and the reservoir. Figure 2210. Inspection entrance door and door lifting device for heavy-duty water storage tank 2; 211. Electric valve; 212. Water hammer device; 213. Reinforcing structure of the heavy-duty water storage tank wall; 214 (multiple, such as 214-1 and 214-2), structural component 219 for inspection and replacement of the heavy-duty container outer wall sealing device, which senses the distance between the corresponding point (a vertical strip-shaped distance sensor installed at the point directly opposite the 214 indicator point, running from the top to the bottom of the heavy-duty container) and the corresponding point of the wear-resistant and durable lining wall 218 of the heavy-duty container. 215. Sensor mounting point; 216. Wear-resistant, damage-resistant, and aging-resistant sealing strip; 217. Spring stop block; 218. Spring; 219. Wear-resistant and damage-resistant lining wall of heavy-duty container; 220. Structural component for maintenance and replacement of heavy-duty container outer wall and sealing device; 221. Heavy load; 222. Inner wall of heavy-duty container; 223. Sealing baffle wall and reinforcing wall of heavy-duty container; 224. Lightning protection device; 225. Hydraulic pipe; 226. Electric valve; 227. Water hammer device; 228. Bottom boss of heavy-duty container; 229. Hydraulic buffer compartment assembly for bottom of heavy-duty water tank. Figure 3 229. Hydraulic buffer segmented sealing strip for load equalization at the bottom of heavy-duty water tank; 230. Buffer segmented spring abutment for load equalization; 231. Spring; 232. Water jacket cable for sealing liquid in heavy-duty container; 233. Stackable (foldable) water jacket for sealing liquid in heavy-duty container; 234. Base of heavy-duty water tank; 235. Reinforced base of heavy-duty water tank; 236. Liquid partition chamber of heavy-duty base; 237. Sealing strip abutment mounting plate of heavy-duty base; 238. Load equalization buffer plate of heavy-duty base; 239. Load equalization pressure plate of heavy-duty base. Figure 4 210-1 Lifting device for the maintenance entrance door of the heavy-duty water tank; 210-2 Main sealing structure door frame of the maintenance entrance door; 210-4 Sealing strip for the maintenance entrance door; 210-5 Maintenance entrance door; Figure 5 In the middle: 501, water tank; 502, electric valve; 503, filter; 504, bidirectional reversible hydraulic pump; 505, check valve; 506, electric directional valve; 507, indicator or hydraulic gauge; 508, accumulator; 509, first pressure relay (low pressure relay); 510, second pressure relay (high pressure relay); 511, relief valve; 539, speed control valve; 512, the point of alignment of structural component 219 for maintenance and replacement of the outer wall and sealing device of the heavy-duty container on the exterior facade (…). Figure 2The distance position sensing relay is the distance between the points marked 214-1 and 214-2 (as indicated in 219) and the corresponding points on the wear-resistant and damage-resistant lining wall 218 of the heavy-duty container. That is, the distance position sensing relay is used to acquire and process the distance by means of the interaction between the paired vertical strip sensors 214-1 (A) and 214-2 (A) from the top to the bottom of the heavy-duty container and various types of sensors 214-1 (B) and 214-2 (B) that can be paired with them respectively. Figure 6 In the diagram: 219-1 is the countersunk bolt hole, 219-2 is the short pin hole, and 219-3 is the hoisting bolt hole.

[0028] Figure 7 In the middle (i.e., the heavy-duty energy storage tank with a small gap between the sidewall cavity): 250 represents the small gap cavity between the heavy-duty container and the heavy-duty energy storage tank. Other markings (such as numerical markings) are shown below. Figures 1 to 6 .

[0029] Figures 8a to 8e In the middle section (i.e., the heavy-duty energy storage tank with rollers placed in the cavity between the side walls of the small gap): 7 represents the foundation, 250 represents the small gap cavity between the heavy-duty container and the heavy-duty energy storage tank, 251 represents the rolling elements, such as rollers, etc. Other markings (such as numerical markings, etc.) are shown below. Figures 1 to 6 The meaning of the annotations.

[0030] Figure 9 (This refers to a multi-scale energy storage facility where a hydroelectric turbine generator pumps water between the bottom and top of a heavy-duty storage tank for energy storage and power generation): 6 is a sealing cover with a small hole for balancing atmospheric pressure, 7 is the foundation, and 9 is the large-diameter fluid delivery pipe of the hydroelectric turbine generator [such as a water delivery pipe]. Other markings (such as numerical markings) can be found in the documentation. Figures 1 to 6 The meaning of the annotations.

[0031] Figure 10 (Heavy-duty energy storage tank where a high-pressure hydraulic hose is vertically inserted into the cavity between the heavy-duty container and the side wall of the energy storage tank): 270 is a high-pressure hydraulic hose used to adjust the gap between the heavy-duty container and the side cavity of the heavy-duty energy storage tank, and to transport liquids (such as water) via hydraulic force transmission; 6 is a sealing cap with a small balancing air pressure hole; 9 is a hydro-generator fluid delivery pipe (such as a water delivery pipe); other markings (such as numerical markings, etc.) are shown below. Figures 1 to 6 The meaning of the annotations.

[0032] Figure 11In the middle (i.e., a partial view of the side cavity of the heavy-duty energy storage tank where the high-pressure hydraulic hose is vertically inserted between the side walls of the heavy-duty energy storage tank), 270 is the high-pressure hydraulic hose used to adjust the gap between the heavy-duty energy storage tank and the side cavity, and to transport liquid (such as water) by hydraulic force transmission; 6 is the sealing cap with a small balancing air pressure hole; 9 is the liquid delivery pipe (such as a water delivery pipe) of the hydro-generator; the remaining markings (such as numerical markings, etc.) are shown in the image. Figures 1 to 6 The meaning of the annotations.

[0033] Figure 13 neutralization Figure 12 middle( Figure 13 (Partial enlarged view of a heavy-duty energy storage tank with attached stacked plate components and water jacket) Figure 12 Partial view of a heavy-duty energy storage tank with attached stacked plates and water jackets: 297 shows stacked plates (multiple plates, each no higher than the height of the downward-protruding support base of the heavy-duty container, to prevent damage when the heavy-duty container is stacked on the ground); 298 shows loose, sliding bolts fitted onto the stacked plates (fixed to one of the two stacked plates, but allowing either plate to slide relative to the other); 233 shows a stackable or foldable giant water jacket for sealing the heavy-duty container (the total height of this water jacket is greater than or equal to the sum of the heavy-duty container's stroke and the height of the downward-protruding boss, so that the heavy-duty container can rise to the top dead center without damaging the giant water jacket). Other annotations (such as numerical annotations) are shown below. Figures 1 to 6 The meaning of the annotations. Detailed Implementation

[0034] The technical solutions and methods of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described implementation examples are only a part of the implementation examples of the present invention, and not all of the implementation examples. Other related, modified, and altered implementation examples not listed are also included in the patent rights of the present invention.

[0035] Examples of the embodiments are shown in the accompanying drawings, wherein the same or similar reference numerals denote the same or similar elements or elements having the same or similar functions throughout. The embodiments described below with reference to the accompanying drawings are exemplary and intended to explain the invention, and should not be construed as limiting the invention.

[0036] Please see Figure 1The present invention provides a technical solution: a multi-scale gravity energy storage facility for the energy conversion driven by water turbine pumping and drainage, including one or more drainage power generation devices 1 (reversible or pumping paired conventional water turbines 1 and 4), a heavy-duty water storage system 2 as a pumping energy storage device, an ordinary water storage tank 3, and a buffer pressure system device 5 for the inner wall of the water storage tank and the side of the heavy-duty container to prevent collision.

[0037] For details, please refer to the heavy-duty water storage system 2 (i.e., the heavy-duty energy storage tank, hereinafter the same) of the pumped storage device. Figure 2 And then some references Figure 7 Figure 8 Figure 9 , Figure 10 , Figure 11 , Figure 12 , Figure 13 : The pumped storage heavy-duty water storage tank system 2 includes: The maintenance entrance door and door lifting device 210 of the heavy-duty water storage tank 2 are located on the outer front of the heavy-duty water storage tank near the base; the electric valve 211 is connected to the waterproof hammer device 212; the waterproof hammer device 212 is then connected to the bottom or lower part of the heavy-duty water storage tank through a pipe; the heavy-duty water storage tank wall reinforcement structure 213 is fixed to the wear-resistant and damage-resistant lining wall 218 of the heavy-duty container; the structural component 219 for maintenance and replacement of the heavy-duty container outer wall and sealing device on the outer facade of the heavy-duty container is located at the corresponding point (e.g., Figure 2 As shown in Figures 214-1 and 214-2, which are directly opposite to component 219, vertical strip-shaped sensors (distance and position sensors) 214(A) (multiple, such as 214-1(A) and 214-2(A)) are installed from top to bottom on the heavy-duty container, while at the opposite point on the wear-resistant and durable lining wall 218 of the heavy-duty container (e.g., Figure 2(As shown) Install sensor (distance / position sensor) 214(B) (multiple, such as 214-1(B) and 214-2(B)); wear-resistant, damage-resistant, and aging-resistant sealing strip 215 is fastened to spring abutment 216; spring abutment 216 is pressed by spring 217, and wear-resistant, damage-resistant, and aging-resistant sealing strip 215 is pressed against the wear-resistant and damage-resistant lining wall 218 of the heavy-duty container; wear-resistant, damage-resistant, and aging-resistant sealing strip 215, spring abutment 216, and spring 217 are installed on structural component 219 for maintenance and replacement of the outer wall sealing device of the heavy-duty container; structural component 219 for maintenance and replacement of the outer wall sealing device of the heavy-duty container and the sealing baffle of the heavy-duty container are used for maintenance and replacement. The reinforcing wall 222 of the heavy-duty container is pressed and fixedly connected; the inner wall 221 of the heavy-duty container bears the heavy load 220; the lightning protection device 223 is installed on the top of the heavy-duty water storage tank; the hydraulic system 5 is connected to the cavity between the inner wall of the water storage tank and the side of the heavy-duty container through multiple hydraulic pipes (such as hydraulic pipe 224); the electric valve 225 is connected to the waterproof hammer device 226; the waterproof hammer device 226 is then connected to the bottom or lower part of the heavy-duty water storage tank through a pipe; the bottom boss 227 of the heavy-duty container is supported by hydraulic buffer partition 228 and other parts of the heavy-duty water tank at the bottom of the heavy-duty water tank through hydraulic (water pressure); 281 is the limit switch for the upper stop point of the heavy load and its container; Preferably, see Figure 9 Another design for the ordinary water storage tank 3 is that its container space is located in the open space above the heavy-duty water storage tank 2. That is, water from the lower part of the heavy-duty water storage tank 2 is connected to the open container space above the heavy-duty water storage tank 2 via pipes, a water hammer prevention device, electric valves, and a water turbine. It also includes a water replenishment (liquid replenishment) facility similar to that of the ordinary water storage tank 3 or the entire energy storage device sourced from tap water, to compensate for evaporation or water loss. This structure is described in [reference needed]. Figure 9 [A multi-scale energy storage facility in which water turbines pump water between the bottom and top of a heavy-duty energy storage tank to store energy and generate electricity]; Preferably, see Figure 10 The connection scheme for the hydraulic pipe outlet of the side wall cavity of the heavy-duty water storage tank (i.e., heavy-duty energy storage tank, hereinafter the same) in the hydraulic system 5 is as follows: A high-pressure hydraulic hose (bundled with a high-strength, rust-resistant, and damage-resistant cable to prevent insufficient strength due to excessive drooping length) passes from the top of the heavy-duty energy storage tank 2, down through the head portion of the wear-resistant, damage-resistant, and aging-resistant sealing strip 215 and the spring stop 216 (and seals at the intersection), and connects to the cavity between the outer wall of the heavy-duty container and the inner wall of the heavy-duty energy storage tank 2, which are respectively connected to the high-pressure hose. Pressurized liquid (such as water) is transported within the high-pressure hydraulic hose to ensure the pressure retention effect of the liquid (such as water) between the outer wall of the heavy-duty container and the cavity of the inner wall of the heavy-duty water storage tank 2 (i.e., heavy-duty energy storage tank 2), ensuring the heavy-duty container remains as upright as possible and reducing friction. This is the preferred scheme, and this structure is described in [reference needed]. Figure 10 [A heavy-duty energy storage tank in which a high-pressure hydraulic hose is vertically inserted into the cavity between the heavy-duty container and the side wall of the energy storage tank].

[0038] Another solution to this patent is: see Figure 9 and Figure 10 Hydraulic high-pressure pipelines connect the heavy-duty energy storage tank (i.e., heavy-duty water storage tank 2) to the inner wall of the heavy-duty container, which is connected to the cavity between the outer wall of the heavy-duty container and the inner wall of the heavy-duty energy storage tank 2 via high-pressure hoses. This structure is described in [reference needed]. Figure 9 and Figure 10 ( Figure 9 (A multi-scale energy storage facility that uses a hydroelectric turbine generator to pump water between the bottom and top of a heavy-duty energy storage tank for energy storage and power generation) Figure 10 (A heavy-duty energy storage tank in which a high-pressure hydraulic hose is vertically inserted into the cavity between the heavy-duty container and the side wall of the energy storage tank).

[0039] Preferably, see Figure 8 and Figure 9 The reinforced base and foundation of the heavy-duty water storage tank 2 can be embedded to a certain depth below the ground surface (i.e., foundation) to strengthen the outer support structure of the heavy-duty water storage tank 2, thereby reducing the tensile stress on the side walls of the heavy-duty water storage tank 2, increasing the strength of this energy storage system, and appropriately and reasonably reducing the thickness of the outer perimeter of the heavy-duty water storage tank 2. Otherwise, the side walls of the heavy-duty water storage tank 2 need to be thickened and the strength of the foundation and base needs to be strengthened to enhance the strength of the related strength components of the side walls, foundation, and base, including the reinforcing structure 213 that greatly strengthens the tank wall and its external support components, etc. This structure is shown in Figure 8 and... Figure 9 (Figure 8. Heavy-duty energy storage tank with rollers placed in the cavity between the side walls with small gaps) Figure 9 A multi-scale energy storage facility that uses a hydroelectric turbine generator to pump water between the bottom and top of a heavy-duty energy storage tank for energy storage and power generation.

[0040] Preferably, the overall outline shape of the inner wall of the heavy-duty energy storage tank 2 can be a cuboid, a multi-faceted prism, or a cylinder, or other three-dimensional structures.

[0041] Another preferred option is (see...) Figure 7 The anti-collision hydraulic system of the gap partition cavity between the heavy-duty container and the side of the water storage tank 2 is removed, as well as the following related components on the outer side of the heavy-duty container are removed: namely, the wear-resistant, damage-resistant, and aging-resistant sealing strip 215, the spring abutment 216, the spring 217, and the structural component 219 for maintenance and replacement of the outer wall sealing device of the heavy-duty container; then, the outer side of the heavy-duty container and the inner side of the heavy-duty water storage tank 2 are fitted with a small clearance, and both are arranged in a strictly vertical direction. This method reduces the frictional force between them caused by the slight tilt of the heavy-duty container. Both parts are made of wear-resistant and corrosion-resistant high-wear-resistant materials (such as high-wear-resistant steel), and friction is reduced by water or other substances with low coefficients of friction. This structure is described in [reference needed]. Figure 7 ( Figure 7 Heavy-duty energy storage tank with small gaps in the sidewall cavity); Preferably, see Figure 9 and Figure 10 The next preferred option is shown in Figure 8. Similarly, components 215, 216, 217 and 219 are removed. Several rollers are installed in the gap between the outer side of the heavy-duty container and the inner side of the heavy-duty water storage tank 2 to effectively reduce the friction force caused by the slight tilt of the heavy load. The two components are constructed in a strictly vertical direction. This structure is shown in Figure 8 (Figure 8, Heavy-duty energy storage tank with rollers placed in the cavity between the side walls with a small gap). Small rollers or needles are added to the side of the pull-fit panel closest to the wall of the heavy-duty energy storage tank (i.e., the heavy-duty water storage tank) to reduce the friction between the pull-fit panels and between the pull-fit panel and the heavy-duty energy storage tank. (The other side of the pull-fit panel contacts the large water bag or large water jacket.) Note: These small rollers or needles must be able to fit onto the side of the pull-fit panel. (Because the width of the pull-fit panel must be less than or equal to the length of the roller or needle, the roller or needle may not be able to fit onto the two opposite side protruding plates of the pull-fit panel. Therefore, this technique can use the two opposite sides of the pull-fit panel (that is, perpendicular to the pull-fit panel)... The two opposite sides (moving up and down due to heavy-duty storage and release of gravitational potential energy) use a detachable plate-like structure securely fastened with screws to prevent loosening. This plate structure is reliably fastened to the pull-open plate, and roller holes are provided on the other side of the fastening plate of the pull-open plate (i.e., the vertical surface of this fastening plate when it is pulled open and closed). To ensure that the rollers function properly, rolling friction replaces the sliding friction between the pull-open plates and between the pull-open plates and the heavy-duty energy storage tank wall, the rollers are continuous shafts with two steps at each end. The two ends of the shafts are respectively mounted on the fastening plates at both ends of the pull-open plate, and the middle section of the shaft protrudes beyond the pull-open plate. The diameter of the fastening plate, i.e., the middle section of the roller, should be slightly larger than the height of the fastening plate of the aforementioned pull-type plate. Alternatively, the installation method of this roller can mimic the structure of the connecting shaft holes and connecting shafts on both sides of a watch bracelet, i.e., the connecting shaft has a spring structure at both ends to allow the shaft to be inserted into the holes on both sides of the watch. Please note that the shaft hole and the journal at the shaft end are empty sleeves, i.e., clearance fits, to facilitate the rolling friction of the small rollers instead of the sliding friction between the pull-type plates and between the pull-type plates and the heavy-duty energy storage tank wall. To prevent water from freezing at low temperatures and damaging the heavy-duty energy storage tank, it is necessary to... Antifreeze or antifreeze substances are added to the water; however, care must be taken to prevent the antifreeze or antifreeze substances from having properties that corrode the walls of the heavy-duty energy storage tank and all components of the energy storage facility. The walls of the heavy-duty energy storage tank must be designed with anti-corrosion and anti-rust properties through material properties or other surface treatments with a certain thickness and strong adhesion. When the pull-opening plates are opened and closed, they must not slide relative to the large water bag or large water jacket, and there must be a scientifically reasonable large friction force between the two. The rollers or needle rollers mentioned above must have strong anti-corrosion, anti-damage, and anti-wear capabilities. If possible, but not limited to, they can be made of stainless steel or treated with other materials such as heat treatment.

[0042] (See Figure 9 and Figure 10 To prevent the evaporation or volatilization of water (or liquid) in the heavy-duty energy storage tank 2 (including the ordinary water storage tank 3), the entire energy storage tank, except for the middle and lower parts, can be sealed in all areas where water (or liquid) may evaporate or volatilize, including the upper part of the heavy-duty energy storage tank 2. This facilitates use in water-scarce areas. See [link to relevant documentation]. Figure 9 and Figure 10 ( Figure 9 (A multi-scale energy storage facility that uses a hydroelectric turbine generator to pump water between the bottom and top of a heavy-duty energy storage tank for energy storage and power generation) Figure 10 (A heavy-duty energy storage tank in which a high-pressure hydraulic hose is vertically inserted into the cavity between the heavy-duty container and the side wall of the energy storage tank).

[0043] Please refer to the enlarged schematic diagram of the lower part of the heavy-duty water storage tank 2. Figure 3 : The heavy-duty water tank bottom load equalization hydraulic buffer compartment assembly 228 includes: a heavy-duty water tank bottom load equalization hydraulic buffer compartment sealing strip 229, a load equalization buffer compartment spring block 230, a spring 231, a heavy-duty base liquid partition chamber 236, a heavy-duty base sealing strip block mounting plate 237, a heavy-duty base load equalization buffer plate 238, and a heavy-duty base load equalization pressure plate 239, etc. The hydraulic buffer segment sealing strip 229 at the bottom of the heavy-duty water tank is fastened to the buffer segment spring block 230 for load equalization. Preferably, the spring 231 presses against the load-equalizing buffer segmented spring abutment 230; Preferably, the heavy-duty water tank reinforcing base 235 is fixedly connected to the heavy-duty water tank base 234; Preferably, the hydraulic buffer dividing sealing strip 229 for load equalization at the bottom of the heavy-duty water tank, the buffer dividing spring abutment 230 for load equalization, and the sealing strip abutment mounting plate 237 of the heavy-duty water tank base together constitute the liquid separation chamber 236 of the heavy-duty water tank base. Preferably, the heavy-duty water tank reinforcing base 235, heavy-duty water tank base 234, heavy-duty water tank base sealing strip abutment mounting plate 237, heavy-duty water tank base load-sharing buffer plate 238, and heavy-duty water tank base load-sharing pressure plate 239 are fixedly connected together. Preferably, the sealing liquid of the heavy-duty container is provided by a water jacket cable 232 to pull the stackable or foldable water jacket 233 of the sealing liquid of the heavy-duty container to slide up and down with the heavy-duty container; Preferably, the structural component 219 for maintenance and replacement of the outer wall and sealing device of the heavy-duty container is connected to the sealing baffle and reinforcing wall of the heavy-duty container 222 by bolts through the countersunk bolt hole 219-1. Preferably, the lower part of the heavy-duty container is connected to an angular device 286 to prevent the heavy-duty container from biting the water jacket inside the heavy-duty water storage tank 2; Preferably, see Figure 12 and Figure 13 A stackable, pullable, and damage-resistant telescopic plate can be installed outside the fully sealed water jacket and the corner-shaped device 286 that prevents it from being bitten. This plate is designed to accommodate the stacking or folding of the fully sealed water jacket during heavy-duty up-and-down movement, further supporting its folding-related movements and preventing wear, biting, and damage. This structure is described in [reference needed]. Figure 12 and Figure 13 ( Figure 12 (Partial view of a heavy-duty energy storage tank with attached stacked plate components and water jacket) Figure 13 (Partial enlarged view of a heavy-duty energy storage tank with attached stacked plate components and water jacket).

[0044] Please refer to the schematic diagram of the detection inlet gate and related structures 210 of the heavy-duty water storage tank 2. Figure 4 : Preferably, the maintenance entrance door 210-5 is placed inside the main structure door frame 210-2 of the maintenance entrance door sealing structure, and is completely sealed around the perimeter by the maintenance entrance door sealing strip 210-4; Preferably, the maintenance entrance door 210-5 is connected or hinged to the lifting device 210-1 of the maintenance entrance door of the heavy-duty water tank using hooks or steel cables; the sealing strip 210-4 of the maintenance entrance door is angled or T-shaped and sealed to the heavy-duty water tank. For details regarding the anti-collision hydraulic system for the gap partition cavity between the heavy-duty tank and the two sides of the water storage tank, please refer to [link / reference needed]. Figure 5 : Figure 5In this configuration, electric valve 502 is connected to water tank 501 via hydraulic pipeline; electric valve 502 is connected to filter 503 via hydraulic pipeline; filter 503 is connected to bidirectional reversible hydraulic pump 504 via hydraulic pipeline; bidirectional reversible hydraulic pump 504 is connected to check valve 505 and relief valve 511 via hydraulic pipeline; check valve 505 is connected to electric directional valve 506 via hydraulic pipeline; electric directional valve 506 is connected to indicator or hydraulic gauge 507 via hydraulic pipeline; indicator or hydraulic gauge 507 is connected to... The system is connected to the accumulator 508 via hydraulic pipes; the accumulator 508 is then connected in sequence via hydraulic pipes to the first pressure relay (low-pressure relay) 509, the distance position sensing relay 512, the speed control valve 539, and the second pressure relay (high-pressure relay) 510; the second pressure relay (high-pressure relay) 510 is then connected to the inner cavity of the heavy-duty water storage tank 2 via hydraulic pipes; the corresponding structural component 219 on the outer wall of the heavy-duty container, which also serves as a sealing device for maintenance and replacement, is located on the outer facade of the heavy-duty container. A vertical, elongated distance position sensor is installed from top to bottom of the heavy-duty container. Simultaneously, distance position sensors for detecting distance are installed at corresponding points on the wear-resistant and damage-resistant lining 218 of the heavy-duty container, in pairs with the distance position sensors. Specifically, multiple distance position sensors (e.g., 214-1(B) and 214-2(B)) are installed at the positions indicated by 214, and their indicators are directly opposite to multiple distance position sensors (e.g., 214-1(A) and 214-2(A)) installed at the positions directly opposite to component 219. 14-1 and 214-2: Pairs of sensors 214-1(A) and 214-1(B), 214-2(A) and 214-2(B) are present. Each heavy-duty container has a liquid-filled cavity on its side wall with anti-collision features, and both sides are connected to sensors. Each cavity can be connected to a hydraulic system 5 for programmed adjustment of the distance between the outer side of the heavy-duty container and the inner side of the water tank 2, as well as the liquid pressure within the cavity. This invention patent only provides a simplified illustration. Figure 1 Other variations should also be included in the scope of this invention. Preferably, another scheme for eliminating the side hydraulic system 5 that distributes the liquid pressure evenly is as follows: when designing and constructing the heavy-duty container, the heavy-duty container and the heavy-duty water storage tank 2 are fitted with a very small clearance, and the flatness of the mating surfaces of the two is excellent, and each of their mating surfaces is a strictly plumb surface. Moreover, the relevant loads in the heavy-duty container are basically evenly distributed, and the center of gravity is basically located at the center of the top view of the heavy-duty container. Preferably, the position and distance sensor and the distance and position sensor can be a sensing device made of metal materials such as steel and an electromagnetic induction device, but this patent is not limited to this case. Another preferred option: see Figure 7The hydraulic system 5 can be removed. A small gap can be designed between the outer wall of the heavy-duty container and the inner wall of the heavy-duty water tank 2 to reduce the lateral pressure on the heavy-duty water tank caused by the slight tilting of the heavy-duty container. Furthermore, water or other substances with a low coefficient of friction can be used to further reduce friction. This structure is described in [reference needed]. Figure 7 ( Figure 7 Heavy-duty energy storage tank with small gaps in the sidewall cavity); Another preferred option is shown in Figure 8. The hydraulic system can be removed and a number of rollers and related support structures can be set between the outer wall of the heavy-duty container and the inner wall of the heavy-duty water storage tank 2 to support the lateral pressure on the heavy-duty water storage tank 2 (heavy-duty energy storage tank) caused by the slight tilt of the heavy-duty container. Rolling friction is used to reduce the friction of relative motion. This structure is shown in Figure 8 (Figure 8, Heavy-duty energy storage tank with rollers placed in the cavity between the side walls with small gaps).

[0045] Structural component 219 for maintenance and replacement of the outer wall and sealing device of heavy-duty containers, see reference. Figure 2 and Figure 6 Therefore, we can conclude that: Preferably, in 219(A), the bolt is connected to the sealing baffle and reinforcing wall 222 of the heavy-duty container via the countersunk bolt hole 219-1; Alternatively, in option 2, 219(B), the bolt is connected to the sealing baffle and reinforcing wall of the heavy-duty container 222 via the countersunk bolt hole 219-1 and the short pin hole 219-2 (extremely short, for easy maintenance and disassembly, and this short pin must not be forgotten during maintenance and disassembly). Alternatively, options three and four are preferred. 219(C), 219(D) and 219(A) are similar. In addition, when designing the length of the bolt hole 219-1 in 219(A), 219(B), 219(C) and 219(D), the bolt should be removed before lifting out part 219 (for ease of reading, this article does not draw to scale) so that part 219 can be lifted out again.

[0046] Preferably, another method for installing the structural component 219 (which serves as both the outer wall of the heavy-duty container and the sealing device for maintenance and replacement, exemplified by four variations: 219(A), 219(B), 219(C), and 219(D), but not limited to these four) and the sealing device (including 215, a wear-resistant, damage-resistant, and aging-resistant sealing strip; 216, a spring abutment; 217, a spring, etc.) on the outer wall of the heavy-duty container is to fix it to the wear-resistant and damage-resistant lining wall 218 of the heavy-duty container, while the surface of the heavy-duty container and the inner wall surface of the heavy-duty water storage tank 2 are smooth surfaces that are wear-resistant and reduce friction. A multi-scale gravity energy storage facility for converting water turbine pumping and drainage energy. Using a gravity energy storage device capable of storing energy at multiple scales, it is possible to construct a multi-scale energy storage facility capable of storing ultra-massive, massive, large, medium, and small quantities of energy (however, geological safety and other safety conditions need to be considered). The steps are as follows: I. Brief Description: Adjusting the upright position of the heavy load in the water storage tank 2: When the water turbine pumps water to a certain amount, the travel stop block on the outer side of the heavy load container is triggered by adjusting the position of the heavy load container. Under the coordinated operation of the distance position sensor, distance position sensor relay, pressure sensor, and pressure relay, the hydraulic system used to adjust the pressure and distance between the outer vertical wall 219 of the heavy load container and the wear-resistant and damage-resistant lining wall 218 of the heavy load container in the water storage tank 2 is used to adjust the upright position of the heavy load in the water storage tank 2. During the energy storage stage: the leak-proof electric valve is opened, and the power supplied by the grid drives the water turbine to pump water from the ordinary water storage tank 3 (the term "water" refers to liquid in general, and is referred to as "water" below and above, and also refers to liquid in this invention). As a result, the water in the lower part of the heavy-duty water storage tank 2 increases, and the heavy load rises. The mechanical energy or electrical energy generated by wind energy, water energy, etc. is converted into the potential energy of the heavy load. This is the energy storage stage. During the energy storage shutdown phase: When the power supply to drive the turbine stops, energy storage stops. When the upper end of the heavy load rises to the top of the heavy load reservoir 2, the upper end of the heavy load triggers the limit switch 281 installed at the top of the heavy load reservoir 2 (to ensure safety, multiple limit switches should be installed in series to stop the heavy load from rising). After the limit switch 281 is triggered, the power supply to drive the turbine stops. At this time, the leak-proof electric valve closes to further prevent leakage. This process is the energy storage shutdown phase. In the energy release (potential energy release) power generation stage: When the heavy load decreases, electric valve 211 and other valves open, and the water pressure energy converted from the heavy load potential energy drives the water turbine to rotate. The water turbine then drives the generator rotor to rotate. The mutual rotation of the generator rotor and stator cuts the magnetic lines of force to generate electrical energy, which is then transmitted to the power grid through wires. This process is the energy release power generation stage.

[0047] II. Detailed Steps: Adjusting the heavy load in the positive three-dimensional position stage of reservoir 2: S1, Electric valve 502 is open; S2. When the distance indicated by 214 is detected by the distance position sensor 214(B) installed at the corresponding point on the wear-resistant and damage-resistant lining wall 218 of the heavy-duty container, the distance decreases to an excessively small distance (i.e., a certain part on one side of the heavy-duty container moves closer to the corresponding part on the corresponding side of the heavy-duty container) (see hydraulic system operation... Figure 5If the liquid pressure in the cavity between the outer wall 219 of the heavy-duty container and the wear-resistant lining 218 of the heavy-duty container increases, the second pressure relay (high-pressure pressure relay) 510 will activate; and because the distance between the vertical walls in this cavity decreases, the distance position sensor 214(B) detects that the distance is less than the allowable value, and the distance position sensing relay 512 will activate; the activation of both the second pressure relay (high-pressure pressure relay) 510 and the distance position sensing relay 512, after being processed by the program, results in... Figure 5 The central reversing valve 506 shifts to the right; S3. When the hydraulic pump 504 is started, the liquid in the liquid tank 501 (such as a water tank) is supplied to the cavity between the outer wall 219 of the heavy-duty container and the wear-resistant and damage-resistant lining wall 218 of the heavy-duty container through the hydraulic pump 504, check valve 505, reversing valve 506 and liquid pipe (water pipe), which will increase the cavity pressure. S4. Due to step S5, the distance between the two vertical side walls of the cavity (the distance between 219 and 218) increases. When the liquid in the cavity increases to a certain level, the pressure in the cavity and the distance between 219 and 218 also increase to a certain value. Then the second pressure relay (high pressure relay) 510 and the distance position sensing relay 512 are activated, the hydraulic pump stops supplying liquid, and the reversing valve stops in the middle position. That is: (such as) Figure 1 and Figure 2 (As shown) If the distance position sensor detects that the distance between the outer wall 219 of the heavy-duty container and the wear-resistant and damage-resistant lining 218 of the heavy-duty container is exactly equal to the value set by the programmable control equipment (when using this method, each liquid cavity is connected to only one hydraulic pipe connected to the hydraulic system 5, that is, each cavity unit corresponds to each input hydraulic pipe one by one. In the figure, two pipes are connected for simplicity, and one should be removed), and the pressure in the liquid cavity is equal to the set pressure, then the electromagnetic reversing valve is in the neutral position cut-off state; (See also) Figure 2 Simultaneously, excess liquid in the corresponding cavity unit between the outer wall of the heavy-duty container and the inner wall of the heavy-duty water tank on the other side of the heavy-duty container at the same height (i.e., the side with increased cavity unit gap and the opposite side with decreased cavity unit gap) must be discharged into the water tank until the gap value of this cavity unit sensed by the position distance sensor reaches the set value, and the pressure value of this cavity unit must also reach the set pressure value. S5. When step S4 reaches the step before the parentheses in the aforementioned note: "Then the electromagnetic directional valve is in the neutral cut-off state", then the electric valve 502 is closed, and the liquid supply to the cavity unit that is smaller than the allowable value due to the cavity gap is stopped.

[0048] S6, at the same time, the accumulator 508 provides pressure holding service; S7, (see) Figure 5Similar to the operation and action of another hydraulic system (the same as hydraulic system 5) connected to the cavity unit described in step S7 (i.e., the cavity unit with increased cavity gap), if the cavity between the outer wall 219 of the heavy-duty container and the wear-resistant lining wall 218 of the heavy-duty container (hereinafter referred to as the cavity) increases and exceeds the set value, that is, the distance between 219 and 218 increases, then the distance position sensor 214(B) detects that the distance is too large, and the distance position sensing relay 512 produces the opposite behavior to the detection of a small distance; and at this time, the pressure in this cavity decreases, and the first pressure relay (low pressure relay) 509... Action: Under the combined action of 512 and 509, the programmable control device is activated, and the reversing valve 506 moves to the left. The excess liquid in this cavity unit is squeezed by the adjustment mechanism (because the gap between the cavity units on the other side is small, the gap on that side is filled with liquid, causing the heavy-duty container to bear the force of the adjustment mechanism, which will cause the liquid in the side with the increased cavity gap to be squeezed out by pressure) through the reversing valve 506 and the liquid pipe (water pipe) through the speed regulation and throttling device to the liquid tank (such as water tank, water tank). The excess liquid in the cavity is squeezed out and reduced (but the pressure of air pressure in the water tank and water pressure caused by gravity must be used to ensure that the liquid in the cavity gap is always full and to squeeze out the excess liquid at an appropriate speed).

[0049] In other words, under programmable control, the hydraulic pump simultaneously and coordinately supplies liquid to the cavity unit on the other side of the heavy-duty container (i.e., the opposite side, the side with reduced cavity clearance) at the same height, where the gap between the outer wall of the heavy-duty container and the inner wall of the heavy-duty water tank is reduced. If water is supplied, the cavity clearance at the corresponding part on this side (the part with reduced cavity clearance) increases, thus prompting or forcing the cavity clearance to reach the set value (then the cavity clearance on the side with larger cavity clearance will decrease, and the liquid will flow back to the water tank or trough. Note: This position distance is sensed by a position distance sensor). And the liquid in the unit with larger cavity clearance on the other side flows back to the water tank through the left-moving solenoid reversing valve and speed control valve, so the cavity unit on the side with larger clearance and exceeding the rated value will decrease. Then the gap between 219 and 218 in the cavity is reduced to the specified value, the pressure in the cavity also reaches the specified value, the reversing valve stops at the middle position, and the electric valve that controls the flow of liquid in the opening and closing hydraulic pipeline is also closed. In the energy storage stage: Please see Figures 1 to 4 During the energy storage phase: S8. The detection inlet door 210 of the heavy-duty water storage tank 2 is closed, and the door sealing strip 210-4 is automatically sealed on all four sides. S9, electric valves 211 and 225 are opened; S10, The grid-powered electric drive unit drives the water turbine to rotate (in... Figure 1Devices 1 and 4 are water turbines. Preferably, both can be reversible water turbine generators. They can be single-stage water turbines or two-stage or more water turbines, or the water turbines can be a pair of pumped storage water turbines and drainage power generation water turbines (this patent covers various modifications, variant designs, etc.). The water turbines pump water from the ordinary water storage tank 3 through pipes into the lower part of the heavy-duty water storage tank 2, causing the heavy-duty tank and its container to rise as a whole. The wear-resistant, damage-resistant, and aging-resistant sealing strip 215 slides upward on the wear-resistant and damage-resistant lining wall 218 of the heavy-duty container. The sealing strip and the lining wall 218 form a sealed cavity, which is pressurized by a hydraulic system to prevent the outer wall of the heavy-duty container from colliding with the lining wall 218 (preferably, the lining wall can be made of steel plate or reinforced concrete with a smooth coating that is corrosion-resistant and wear-resistant, but this invention is not limited to steel plate and reinforced concrete). As the heavy-duty tank rises under the drive of the water turbines, electrical energy is converted into the potential energy of the heavy-duty tank and its container. This is the energy storage stage. S11. During the heavy load lifting process, the heavy load container sealing liquid water jacket cable 232 pulls the heavy load container sealing liquid stackable or foldable water jacket 233 to rise along the surface of the outer wall and liner 218 of the heavy load container. During the energy storage shutdown phase: S12. When power is stopped to the turbine, the turbine stops rotating, the turbine stops supplying water to the heavy-duty reservoir 2, the heavy-duty reservoir stops rising, and the electric valves 211 and 225 are closed, thus stopping energy storage. S13. If the outer wall of the heavy-duty container rises to the top of the heavy-duty water storage tank 2, that is, when it reaches the upper stop point, it will trigger multiple limit switches 281 connected in series, which will cut off the power supply to the water turbine, stop the water turbine from rotating, stop the water supply into the heavy-duty water storage tank 2, stop the heavy-duty container from rising, and close the electric valves 211 and 225, thus stopping the energy storage. During the energy release (potential energy release) power generation stage: S13. Open electric valves 211 and 225. Preferably, when multiple turbines (such as turbines 1 and 4, but not limited to two turbines and two electric valves in this invention) are reversible turbines, all electric valves are opened; preferably, when some turbines are dedicated to pumped storage and others are dedicated to drainage power generation, the electric valve between the heavy-duty reservoir 2 and the drainage power generation turbine, as well as the electric valve on the pipeline leading to the ordinary reservoir 3 on that side, are opened to prepare for power generation. S14. Start the water turbine to drive the power generation unit, while the heavy-duty container and heavy-duty lowering are simultaneously carried out. Meanwhile (preferred option), see Figure 10 and Figure 11The high-pressure hose, passing from top to bottom through the wear-resistant, damage-resistant, and aging-resistant sealing strip 215 and the spring abutment 216 (and sealing at the intersection), also descends simultaneously to ensure the pressure-holding effect between the outer wall of the heavy-duty container and the heavy-duty water storage tank 2 (i.e., the heavy-duty energy storage tank 2), ensuring the heavy-duty container remains as upright as possible and reducing friction. This structure is described in [reference needed]. Figure 10 and Figure 11 ( Figure 10 (A heavy-duty energy storage tank in which a high-pressure hydraulic hose is vertically inserted into the cavity between the heavy-duty container and the side wall of the energy storage tank) Figure 11 (Partial view of the side cavity of the heavy-duty energy storage tank, with the high-pressure hydraulic hose vertically inserted between the side walls of the tank.)

[0050] Another solution to this patent is: see Figure 10 and Figure 11 A hydraulic high-pressure hose connects to the cavity between the outer wall of the heavy-duty energy storage tank (i.e., heavy-duty water storage tank 2) and the inner wall of the heavy-duty container to which the high-pressure hose is connected, as shown in the diagram. Figure 10 and Figure 11 ( Figure 10 (A heavy-duty energy storage tank in which a high-pressure hydraulic hose is vertically inserted into the cavity between the heavy-duty container and the side wall of the energy storage tank) Figure 11 (Partial view of the side cavity of the heavy-duty energy storage tank, with the high-pressure hydraulic hose vertically inserted between the side walls of the tank.)

[0051] During the power generation shutdown phase: S15. When it is necessary to stop power generation, shut down the turbine and stop driving the power generation device. S16, see Figure 2 When the bottom boss 227 of the heavy-duty container acts hydraulically (water pressure) on the bottom of the heavy-duty water tank, along with the hydraulic buffer compartment assembly 228 and other parts of the heavy-duty water tank, the heavy-duty container and the heavy-duty load stop descending, and the turbine stops rotating. This is the bottom dead center point of the heavy-duty container and the heavy-duty load, which will cause the power generation facility to stop generating electricity. The specific steps are as follows (see...). Figure 3 The bottom boss 227 of the heavy-duty container descends to contact and press against the hydraulic buffer compartment sealing strip 229. The hydraulic buffer compartment sealing strip 229 presses against the buffer compartment spring abutment 230, thus compressing the spring 231. This compresses the liquid (water) in the liquid partition chamber 236 of the heavy-duty base, generating pressure in the liquid within the partition chamber 236. Consequently, the entire bottom of the heavy-duty water tank is subjected to hydraulic buffer compartment assembly 228 (see...). Figure 2 The entire heavy load and heavy container are supported. All the heavy load and load in the entire heavy load water storage tank 2 are transferred to the heavy load base sealing strip abutment block mounting plate 237, heavy load base load equalizing buffer plate 238, heavy load base load equalizing pressure bearing plate 239, heavy load water tank reinforcing base 235, and heavy load water tank base 234 through hydraulic (water pressure). Maintenance and inspection phase of heavy-duty water storage tank 2: S17. Internal inspection and maintenance of heavy-duty water storage tank 2: S17-1. First, use digital twin technology to obtain the electronic model and scaled-down physical model of the entire energy storage facility for prediction and analysis (including the center of gravity model): After the water in the heavy-load reservoir 2 is drained, it is predicted that the heavy load may be slightly biased to one side. Then, through digital or analog gap detection facilities and other optical facilities and cameras (such as detection by the distance and position sensor indicated by 214), multiple safe experiments and multiple adjustments to the gaps of easily bumped parts are conducted to avoid possible collisions (such as preventing the outer wall of the heavy-load container from colliding with the inner wall of the heavy-load reservoir 2). S17-2. First, generate electricity using a water turbine to lower the bottom boss 227 of the heavy-duty container to its lower limit. Then, drain the remaining liquid (water) from the lower part of the heavy-duty water storage tank 2. (Note that the lower part of the heavy-duty water storage tank 2 should be connected to the atmosphere. To prevent the water remaining inside the tank from being unable to drain due to atmospheric pressure, simply connect a pressure-resistant and reliable water pipe to the lower part or bottom of the heavy-duty water storage tank 2, connect a water hammer device, install an electric valve at the outlet, and close the electric valve during non-maintenance periods. During maintenance periods, the electric valve should be opened, and a separate water pump should be connected to pump the water to the ordinary water storage tank 3. Because this technology is simple, it is omitted in this invention, but it is also necessary. The technical solution described herein and its variations are covered by this patent.) The electric valves should be closed sequentially according to the requirements.

[0052] S17-3, see Figure 4 The lifting device 210-1 of the heavy-duty water tank maintenance entrance door uses a hinged hook or steel cable to lift the maintenance entrance door 210-5 to the upper stop point, triggering multiple series limit switches, and the lifting device of the maintenance entrance door stops moving. At this time, the space inside the heavy-duty water tank 2 has been opened, and maintenance personnel can enter for maintenance. S17-4, Inspect and repair related components of heavy-duty water storage tank 2, especially vulnerable parts, such as seals and huge water jackets for sealing; S18. Structural components for maintenance and replacement of heavy-duty container outer wall and sealing device; 219. Maintenance and inspection: S18-1, same as S17-1, firstly, through the electronic model and the reduced physical model of the entire energy storage facility obtained by digital twin technology, prediction (including the center of gravity model) is analyzed: after the water in the heavy-load reservoir 2 is drained, it is predicted which side the heavy load may be slightly biased to. Then, through digital or analog gap detection facilities and other optical facilities and cameras (such as detection by the distance and position sensor indicated by 214), multiple stable experiments and multiple adjustments to the gaps of easily bumped parts are conducted to avoid possible collision phenomena (such as preventing the outer wall of the heavy-load container from colliding with the inner wall of the heavy-load reservoir 2). S18-2, similar to S17, first drain all the water from the heavy-duty water storage tank 2, and the bottom boss 227 of the heavy-duty container descends to the lower stop point. The entire bottom of the heavy-duty water tank is equipped with a hydraulic buffer compartment assembly 228 (see...). Figure 2 It bears the entire heavy load and heavy load container, and all the heavy load pressure is then transferred to the heavy load water tank reinforced base 235 and heavy load water tank base 234. S18-3. Remove the bolts in bolt holes 219-1 and the short pins in short pin holes 219-2 of the structural component 219 used for maintenance and replacement of the outer wall and sealing device of the heavy-duty container (Note: If there are short pins, component 219 needs to be moved along the pin hole axis by a distance slightly longer than the length of the short pin before hoisting component 219); remove the anti-loosening washers and anti-leakage washers in bolt holes 219-1 of the structural component 219 used for maintenance and replacement of the outer wall and sealing device of the heavy-duty container. S18-4. Install lifting bolts and lifting rings in the screw holes 219-3 of the structural component 219 for maintenance and replacement of the outer wall and sealing device of the heavy-duty container; S18-5, Structural component 219 for maintenance and replacement of the outer wall and sealing device of a heavy-duty container; S18-6. Inspect and repair the structural components 219 used for the repair and replacement of the outer wall and sealing device of the heavy-duty container and related parts such as the heavy-duty water storage tank 2, especially vulnerable parts such as seals. S19. Inspection and maintenance of the anti-collision hydraulic system for the gap partition cavity between the heavy-duty container and the side of the water storage tank 2. S19-1. First, use the electronic model and the scaled-down physical model of the entire energy storage facility obtained by digital twin technology to predict (including the center of gravity model): After the water in the heavy-duty water storage tank 2 is drained, predict which side the heavy load may be slightly biased to. Then, use digital or analog gap detection facilities and other optical facilities and cameras (such as the distance and position sensor indicated by 214) to conduct multiple reliable experiments and adjust the gap of the easily collided parts to avoid possible collision phenomena (such as preventing the collision between the outer wall of the heavy-duty container and the inner wall of the heavy-duty water storage tank 2). S19-2, similar to S17, first drain all the water from the heavy-duty water storage tank 2, then the bottom boss 227 of the heavy-duty container descends to its lower stop point, and the entire bottom of the heavy-duty water tank is equipped with a hydraulic buffer compartment assembly 228 (see...). Figure 2 It bears the entire heavy load and heavy load container, and all the heavy load pressure is then transferred to the heavy load water tank reinforced base 235 and heavy load water tank base 234. S19-3. Inspect and repair the anti-collision hydraulic system of the gap partition cavity between the heavy load and the two sides of the water storage tank.

[0053] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of protection of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any equivalent substitutions or modifications made by those skilled in the art within the scope of the technology disclosed in the present invention, based on the technical solution, specification and inventive concept of the present invention, should be covered within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A multi-scale gravity energy storage facility for converting pumping and drainage energy driven by a water turbine, characterized in that, The multi-scale gravity energy storage facility, which converts water pumping and drainage energy, consists of a heavy-duty reservoir, a turbine, a regular reservoir, and a hydraulic system that distributes the liquid pressure on the sides of the heavy-duty reservoir. The heavy-duty reservoir is fixedly connected to the turbine via a water hammer prevention device and an electric valve. The turbine is fixedly connected to the bottom or lower part of the regular reservoir via a pipe and an electric valve. The regular reservoir is fixedly connected to the turbine via a pipe and an electric valve. The turbine is fixedly connected to the heavy-duty reservoir via a pipe and an electric valve. The reversible turbine, powered by electricity from the grid, pumps water from the regular reservoir into the lower part of the heavy-duty reservoir. The heavy load in the upper part of the heavy-duty reservoir rises along the inner wall of the heavy-duty reservoir under the pressure of the water pumped in by the reversible turbine, converting electrical energy into the potential energy of the heavy load. The pressure of the heavy load is applied to the fluid in the heavy-duty reservoir, increasing the fluid pressure. The surge in water pressure drives the reversible turbine to rotate, thereby generating electricity. The outer side of the heavy-duty container and the inner side of the heavy-duty water storage tank are fitted with a small gap. Both the outer side of the heavy-duty container and the inner side of the heavy-duty energy storage tank are arranged in a vertical direction. Several rollers are arranged in the gap. The rollers are used to convert the sliding friction between the heavy-duty container and the heavy-duty energy storage tank into rolling friction. It also includes a pull-along plate, on which fastening plates are detachably mounted on both opposite sides along the width direction. The fastening plates are fixed to the pull-along plate by anti-loosening fasteners. A roller hole is opened on the side of the fastening plate away from the pull-along plate, and a roller is installed in the roller hole. The roller is a continuous shaft with a step at each end. The journals at both ends of the roller are respectively installed in the roller holes of the fastening plates on both sides of the pull-along plate. The diameter of the middle shaft section of the roller is greater than the thickness of the fastening plate. The shaft end of the roller and the roller hole are clearance fit. The width of the pull-along plate is less than or equal to the length of the roller. When the pull-open plate is opened and closed, there is no relative sliding between the pull-open plate and the water jacket.

2. The multi-scale gravity energy storage facility for converting pumping and drainage energy according to claim 1, characterized in that, The heavy-duty water storage tank is equipped with a stackable water jacket for sealing liquid in heavy-duty containers. The water jacket cable is used to pull the stackable water jacket to slide up and down with the heavy-duty container. The water jacket is fastened at the bottom of the heavy-duty water storage tank, and the individual components of the water jacket are fastened with fasteners to form a complete huge water jacket.

3. The multi-scale gravity energy storage facility for converting water turbine pumping and drainage drive energy according to claim 2, characterized in that, The lower part of the heavy-duty container is connected to an angular device to prevent the heavy-duty container from biting into the water jacket inside the heavy-duty water storage tank.

4. The multi-scale gravity energy storage facility for converting water turbine pumping and drainage drive energy according to claim 2, characterized in that, Outside the fully sealed water jacket and the corner-shaped device to prevent it from being bitten, there are stackable and pullable telescopic damage-resistant plates and friction-reducing materials or measures to facilitate the stacking or folding of the fully sealed water jacket during heavy-load up-and-down movement.

5. The multi-scale gravity energy storage facility for converting pumping and drainage energy according to claim 1, characterized in that, The bottom of the heavy-duty water storage tank is equipped with a hydraulic buffer partition assembly for load equalization. The hydraulic buffer partition assembly for load equalization includes a hydraulic buffer partition sealing strip, a buffer partition spring block, a spring, a liquid separation chamber of the heavy-duty base, a sealing strip block mounting plate of the heavy-duty base, a load equalization buffer plate of the heavy-duty base, and a load equalization pressure plate of the heavy-duty base. The hydraulic buffer partition sealing strip is fastened to the buffer partition spring block, and the spring presses the buffer partition spring block.

6. The multi-scale gravity energy storage facility for converting pumping and drainage energy according to claim 1, characterized in that, A hydraulic system that distributes the liquid pressure on the side of the heavy-duty water storage tank is connected to the gap cavity between the outer wall of the heavy-duty container and the side wall of the heavy-duty water storage tank through a pipeline. The gap cavity is equipped with a wear-resistant, damage-resistant, and aging-resistant sealing strip, a spring abutment, and a spring. The wear-resistant, damage-resistant, and aging-resistant sealing strip is fastened to the spring abutment, the spring abutment is pressed by the spring, and the wear-resistant, damage-resistant, and aging-resistant sealing strip is pressed against the wear-resistant and damage-resistant lining wall of the heavy-duty container.

7. The multi-scale gravity energy storage facility for converting water turbine pumping and drainage drive energy according to claim 6, characterized in that, The hydraulic system consists of a water tank, electric valves, a filter, a bidirectional variable hydraulic pump, a check valve, a relief valve, a solenoid directional valve, a pressure gauge, an accumulator, and a pressure relay. The water tank and the electric valves are fixedly connected. The electric valves and the filter are fixedly connected. The filter is connected to the bidirectional variable hydraulic pump. One branch of the bidirectional variable hydraulic pump is fixedly connected to the check valve, and the other branch is fixedly connected to the relief valve and the water tank in sequence. The check valve is fixedly connected to the solenoid directional valve. The solenoid directional valve is fixedly connected to the pressure gauge, the accumulator, and the pressure relay in sequence. The system is then fixedly connected to the side pressure-dividing chamber unit of the heavy-duty water storage tank, which bears the lateral water pressure, via the pressure relay.

8. The multi-scale gravity energy storage facility for converting pumping and drainage energy according to claim 1, characterized in that, A limit switch is installed at the top of the heavy-duty water storage tank. When the upper end of the heavy load rises to the top of the heavy-duty water storage tank, the upper end of the heavy load triggers the limit switch installed at the top of the heavy-duty water storage tank.

9. The multi-scale gravity energy storage facility for converting pumping and drainage energy according to claim 1, characterized in that, Lightning protection devices and facilities were installed on the gravity energy storage facility.

10. The multi-scale gravity energy storage facility for converting pumping and drainage energy according to claim 1, characterized in that, The gravity energy storage facility employs a digital twin method to ensure that the center of gravity of the gravity energy storage structure is located at the geometric center of the facility. The installation and design are guided by the digital twin method. The gravity energy storage facility is equipped with a maintenance entrance. The maintenance entrance door is placed inside the main structure door frame of the maintenance entrance door and is completely sealed around the perimeter with a maintenance entrance door sealing strip. The maintenance entrance door is connected or hinged to the lifting device of the heavy-duty water tank maintenance entrance door by hooks or steel cables. The maintenance entrance door sealing strip adopts an angled or T-shaped design to seal with the heavy-duty water tank.

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