A semi-active intelligent vibration absorber based on asymmetric u-shaped plate spring
By combining an asymmetric U-shaped variable stiffness spring with an intelligent control module, the stiffness of the vibration absorber can be continuously adjusted and real-time adaptively tuned, solving the vibration control problem of traditional vibration absorbers under wide frequency and variable working conditions, and improving the vibration suppression effect and stability.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- CN202610892605.9
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Applications(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2026-06-20
- Publication Date
- 2026-11-03
AI Technical Summary
In existing vibration control technologies, traditional passive vibration absorbers have a single natural frequency, which cannot adapt to wide frequency and variable operating conditions. Furthermore, tunable vibration absorbers suffer from drawbacks such as low efficiency, slow response, and inability to be tuned online in real time.
A semi-active intelligent vibration absorber based on an asymmetric U-shaped variable stiffness spring is adopted. The asymmetric U-shaped variable stiffness spring is driven to rotate by a stepper motor to achieve continuous and high-precision adjustment of stiffness. In conjunction with an intelligent control module, the natural frequency of the vibration absorber is adaptively tuned in real time, thereby enhancing the vibration suppression effect under varying working conditions.
It achieves continuously adjustable stiffness, high tuning accuracy, and adaptive control of the vibration absorber, significantly widening the natural frequency tuning range, improving the vibration suppression effect and device stability, and adapting to vibration control under wide frequency and variable operating conditions.
Smart Images
Figure CN123028212A_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] This invention belongs to the field of vibration control technology, specifically relating to a semi-active tunable vibration absorber. Background Technology
[0002] Vibration is a common phenomenon in industrial production and equipment operation. Excessive vibration can reduce equipment precision, accelerate wear, and even cause resonance that threatens safety. Dynamic vibration absorbers achieve vibration reduction by adjusting their own natural frequency to coincide with the excitation frequency of the controlled object to create anti-resonance. Traditional passive vibration absorbers have a single natural frequency, which cannot adapt to wide-frequency and variable operating conditions. Existing tunable vibration absorbers are mostly manually adjustable, which has drawbacks such as low efficiency, slow response, and inability to be tuned online in real time. Furthermore, the adjustment range of variable stiffness springs is limited and their stability is insufficient. There is a need in this field to develop semi-active vibration absorbers with continuously adjustable stiffness, high tuning accuracy, and adaptive intelligent control to solve these technical problems. Summary of the Invention
[0003] The purpose of this invention is to address the shortcomings and deficiencies of existing technologies by providing a semi-active intelligent vibration absorber based on an asymmetric U-shaped variable stiffness spring. This absorber utilizes a stepper motor to drive the rotation of the asymmetric U-shaped variable stiffness spring, achieving continuous and high-precision stiffness adjustment. Combined with an intelligent control module, it enables real-time adaptive tuning of the absorber's natural frequency, achieving a vibration reduction bandwidth of 5-20 Hz and improving vibration suppression under varying operating conditions. The invention employs the following technical solution:
[0004] A semi-active intelligent vibration absorber based on an asymmetric U-shaped variable stiffness spring comprises a dynamic mass platform, a base assembly, a guide rod assembly, a stepper motor drive assembly, an asymmetric U-shaped variable stiffness spring mounting assembly, and an intelligent control module.
[0005] The dynamic mass platform slides up and down along the guide rod via a linear bearing and an optical axis. The dynamic mass platform is the dynamic mass block of the vibration absorber, and at the same time provides an installation position for the stepper motor drive assembly to further improve the dynamic-to-static ratio of the vibration absorber.
[0006] The stepper motor drive unit includes a motor driver, a stepper motor lead screw, a connecting rod, and a connecting rod bracket. The motor driver is fixedly mounted on the upper surface of the dynamic mass platform. The stepper motor is coaxially and rigidly connected to the lead screw, which is arranged vertically. The rotational motion of the stepper motor can be converted into linear displacement of the connecting rod bracket through the lead screw, thereby driving the rotation of the connecting rod and the asymmetric U-shaped variable stiffness spring.
[0007] The asymmetric U-shaped variable stiffness spring mounting assembly includes a slider, a guide rail, a slider hinge seat, and four sets of asymmetric U-shaped variable stiffness springs. The slider guide rail is circumferentially fixed to the bottom of the dynamic mass platform, and the slider slides in conjunction with the linear guide rail. The asymmetric U-shaped variable stiffness springs are arranged circumferentially along the transmission screw and connected to the slider guide rail via the slider hinge seat. The lower end of each asymmetric U-shaped variable stiffness spring is hinged to the base plate via the base plate hinge seat, the middle end is connected to the connecting rod bracket via a connecting rod, and the upper end is hinged to the slider connector via a hinge shaft, forming a rotatable variable stiffness support structure.
[0008] Furthermore, the asymmetric U-shaped variable stiffness spring of the present invention is an integrally bent and formed structure, including a long lever arm section and a U-shaped bending section.
[0009] Furthermore, the base material of the asymmetric U-shaped variable stiffness spring of the present invention is aluminum alloy.
[0010] Furthermore, the transmission lead screw of the present invention is a trapezoidal lead screw, which has the characteristics of high transmission accuracy and good self-locking performance; the linear guide is an MGN series miniature linear guide, and the slider connector is fixedly connected to the slider of the linear guide to ensure the straightness and smoothness of the horizontal displacement of the slider connector and avoid jamming during the adjustment process.
[0011] Furthermore, when the semi-active intelligent vibration absorber of the asymmetric U-shaped variable stiffness spring described in this invention is working, the vibration transmission drives the moving mass platform to make the slider move freely horizontally on the linear guide rail, thereby reducing stress concentration in the spring and significantly improving fatigue life.
[0012] Furthermore, the stepper motor drive unit of the present invention includes a 42 series two-phase stepper motor and a stepper motor driver. The stepper motor is powered by 24V and is equipped with an encoder to achieve closed-loop control. The positioning accuracy is not less than 0.005mm, ensuring the accuracy and repeatability of stiffness adjustment.
[0013] Furthermore, the intelligent control module of the present invention includes a vibration sensor, a microcontroller, and a battery power supply; the vibration sensor is installed on a dynamic mass platform or a controlled vibration reduction device to collect vibration acceleration and frequency signals in real time; the microcontroller receives the vibration signals, generates control commands through a built-in adaptive control algorithm, and sends them to the stepper motor driver to drive the stepper motor; the battery power supply uses a 24V battery pack to power the stepper motor and the control module, enabling independent operation without an external power supply.
[0014] Furthermore, the asymmetric U-shaped variable stiffness springs of the present invention are arranged circumferentially symmetrically along the axis of the transmission screw. During vibration, the bending moments generated by each group of springs cancel each other out, avoiding the generation of eccentric load and overturning moment on the dynamic mass platform, and improving the stability of the device operation.
[0015] Furthermore, the rotation of the stepper motor described in this invention drives the rotation angle of the asymmetric U-shaped variable stiffness spring to a range of 20°~55°, corresponding to the natural frequency tuning range, thereby achieving a wide range of natural frequency tuning from 5 to 20 Hz.
[0016] Unlike traditional vibration absorbers, this invention breaks through the limitations of traditional slider-type and pre-tightening stiffness adjustment. By using a stepper motor to drive the rotation of an asymmetrical U-shaped spring, continuous linear adjustment of stiffness is achieved, significantly widening the natural frequency tuning range of the vibration absorber. The integrated design of the stepper motor drive unit and the dynamic mass block widens the dynamic-to-static ratio of the vibration absorber. The use of four sets of springs arranged axially symmetrically ensures that bending moments cancel each other out, resulting in smooth operation without jamming or additional frictional losses. This greatly improves the stability and reliability of the operation. The intelligent control module enables independent operation without an external power supply. Attached Figure Description
[0017] The accompanying drawings, which form part of this invention, are used to provide a further understanding of the invention. The illustrative examples and descriptions of the invention are used to explain the invention and do not constitute an undue limitation of the invention. In the drawings:
[0018] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the semi-active intelligent vibration absorber based on an asymmetric U-shaped spring according to the present invention.
[0019] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the dynamic mass platform and slider guide rail slider hinge seat described in this invention;
[0020] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram showing the connection between the asymmetric U-shaped spring, the connecting rod bracket, and the base plate as described in this invention.
[0021] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram showing the connection between the slider hinge seat and the slider guide rail as described in this invention.
[0022] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the asymmetric U-shaped variable stiffness spring described in this invention.
[0023] The components in the diagram are labeled as follows: 1-Top plate, 2-Guide rod, 3-Power supply, 4-Dynamic mass platform, 5-Slider hinge seat, 6-Asymmetric U-shaped spring, 7-Guide rod flange, 8-Base plate, 9-Lead screw, 10-Driver, 11-Linear bearing, 12-Microcontroller, 13-Guide rail, 14-Slider, 15-Stepper motor, 16-Connecting rod, 17-Lead screw flange, 18-Base plate hinge seat, 19-Connecting rod bracket. Detailed Implementation
[0024] The technical solution of the present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings:
[0025] like Figures 1 to 5As shown, the present invention discloses a semi-active intelligent vibration absorber based on an asymmetric U-shaped variable stiffness spring, which mainly includes a base assembly, a guide rod assembly, a dynamic mass platform assembly, a stepper motor drive assembly, an asymmetric U-shaped variable stiffness spring assembly, and an intelligent control module.
[0026] The base assembly serves as the mounting reference and load-bearing base for the entire vibration absorber, including a base plate 8, a top plate 1, a base plate hinge seat 18, and a lead screw flange 17. The base plate 8 is a horizontally arranged load-bearing plate that can be fixed to the surface of the controlled vibration damping equipment by bolts. The top plate 1 is arranged parallel to the base plate 8 directly above it, forming a symmetrical limiting structure. The base plate hinge seat 18 is circumferentially and evenly fixed to the upper surface of the base plate 8, and is used to hinge the lower end of the asymmetrical U-shaped variable stiffness spring. The lead screw flange 17 is fixed at the center position of the base plate 8 and the top plate 1, and is used to radially limit the two ends of the transmission lead screw to ensure the coaxiality of the lead screw transmission.
[0027] The guide rod assembly provides vertical single-degree-of-freedom motion constraint for the dynamic mass platform, including four guide rods 2 and matching linear bearings 11; the four guide rods 2 are evenly distributed circumferentially at 90°, and vertically fixed between the bottom plate 8 and the top plate 1 through guide rod flanges 7, forming the vertical guide frame of the vibration absorber; the linear bearings 11 are fitted into the guide holes of the dynamic mass platform 4, and the inner ring of the linear bearings 11 slides with the guide rods 2, constraining the dynamic mass platform 4 to only slide vertically along the axis of the guide rods 2, eliminating horizontal sway and overturning, and ensuring the stability of vibration transmission.
[0028] The dynamic mass platform is the core inertial unit of the vibration absorber and also provides a mounting base for the drive and control components. The dynamic mass platform 4 is a horizontally arranged metal platform, set parallel to the base plate 8, and also functions as the dynamic mass block of the vibration absorber. There is no need to add an additional independent mass block, which effectively improves the integration and dynamic-to-static ratio of the device.
[0029] The stepper motor drive assembly is the power core for adjusting the stiffness of the vibration absorber, realizing precise drive and closed-loop control of stiffness adjustment. It includes a stepper motor 15, a driver 10, a lead screw 9, a connecting rod 16, and a connecting rod bracket 19. The stepper motor 15 and the lead screw 9 are coaxially fixed. The driver 10 is fixed on the upper surface of the dynamic mass platform 4 and electrically connected to the stepper motor 15 to realize precise drive and closed-loop control of the motor. The lead screw 9 adopts a trapezoidal lead screw with excellent self-locking performance and is arranged vertically along the central axis of the device. Its two ends are radially limited by the lead screw flange 17. The connecting rod bracket 19 is fixed to the lower end of the stepper motor 15. The middle section of the four sets of asymmetrical U-shaped springs 6 is hinged to the connecting rod bracket 19, and the upper end is hinged to the corresponding slider hinge seat 5, forming a synchronous transmission mechanism of connecting rod bracket 19-connecting rod 16-asymmetrical U-shaped springs 6, which converts the vertical displacement of the stepper motor 15 into the rotation of the asymmetrical U-shaped springs.
[0030] The asymmetric U-shaped variable stiffness spring mounting assembly is the core elastic unit of the vibration absorber, enabling continuous adjustment of the support stiffness. It includes a slider 14, a guide rail 13, a slider hinge seat 5, and four sets of asymmetric U-shaped springs 6. The four sets of asymmetric U-shaped springs 6 are symmetrically arranged 90° circumferentially along the axis of the transmission screw 9. The guide rail 13 is evenly distributed and fixed to the bottom surface of the dynamic mass platform 4 in the radial circumferential direction of the transmission screw. The slider 14 slides along the guide rail 13, allowing it to reciprocate radially along the guide rail 13. The slider hinge seat 5 is fixed to the slider 14 and is used to hinge the upper end of the asymmetric U-shaped variable stiffness spring to the transmission connecting rod, forming an integrated structure of transmission and hinge. The lower end of each set of asymmetric U-shaped springs 6 is hinged to the base plate hinge seat 18 on the base plate 8. The upper end is hinged to the connecting rod bracket 19 via the connecting rod 16, and the upper end is hinged to the slider hinge seat 5, forming a rotatable variable stiffness support structure. When the stepper motor 15 slides axially along the lead screw 9, it drives the asymmetrical U-shaped spring 6 to rotate around the lower hinge point through the connecting rod bracket 19 and the connecting rod 16. The rotation angle can be adjusted from 20° to 55°. By changing the force-bearing length of the spring, the stiffness can be continuously and linearly adjusted. The radial bending moment and horizontal component force generated by the four circumferentially symmetrically arranged springs cancel each other out during vibration, completely avoiding the generation of eccentric load and overturning moment on the dynamic mass platform. At the same time, the slider can slide freely with the spring deformation during vibration, effectively releasing the bending internal stress of the spring, reducing stress concentration, and improving the fatigue life of the spring.
[0031] The intelligent control module is the core of the vibration absorber's control and power supply, realizing real-time acquisition of vibration signals and adaptive semi-active tuning of the natural frequency. It includes a power supply 3, a microcontroller 12, and a vibration sensor. The power supply 3 is fixed on the upper surface of the moving mass platform 4 and supplies power to the through-type stepper motor 15, driver 10, and microcontroller 12, enabling the device to operate independently without an external power supply. The microcontroller 12 is fixed on the upper surface of the moving mass platform 4 and has built-in adaptive control and frequency tracking algorithms. Its signal input terminal is connected to the vibration acceleration sensor, and its control output terminal is connected to the motor driver 10. The vibration acceleration sensor can be installed on the surface of the moving mass platform 4 or the controlled vibration damping equipment to collect the vibration acceleration and excitation frequency signals of the controlled object in real time.
[0032] When the controlled main structure vibrates, the vibration acceleration sensor collects the vibration signal in real time and transmits the signal to the microcontroller 12. The microcontroller 12 performs spectrum analysis on the vibration signal through its built-in algorithm, identifies the current main excitation frequency, calculates the optimal tuning stiffness of the vibration absorber to match this frequency, and then determines the target rotation angle corresponding to the asymmetric U-shaped spring 6. Subsequently, the microcontroller controller 12 sends the corresponding pulse control command to the motor driver 10. The driver 10 drives the stepper motor 15 to rotate the corresponding angle, which drives the connecting rod bracket 19 to produce a precise vertical linear displacement, thereby driving the asymmetric U-shaped spring 6 to rotate to the target angle, completing the precise adjustment of the vibration absorber's support stiffness, so that the natural frequency of the vibration absorber is completely coincident with the main excitation frequency of the controlled main structure. At this time, the dynamic mass platform component of the vibration absorber generates an inertial force opposite to the vibration direction of the main structure, absorbing the vibration energy of the main structure and realizing resonance suppression and efficient vibration reduction. When the operating conditions of the controlled main structure change and the main excitation frequency shifts, the intelligent control module can repeat the entire process of signal acquisition, calculation and analysis, and drive adjustment, track the changes in excitation frequency in real time, complete the online retuning of the vibration absorber's natural frequency, and realize semi-active adaptive vibration control over a wide frequency range.
[0033] The semi-active intelligent vibration absorber with asymmetrical U-shaped variable stiffness spring provided by this invention differs from traditional vibration absorbers in that the dynamic mass platform support power control and driver of the vibration absorber in this invention increases the dynamic-to-static ratio of the vibration absorber. The springs are circumferentially symmetrically installed, and the bending moments generated during vibration can cancel each other out. The vibration absorber can adjust the spring stiffness by adjusting the U-shaped spring rotation device through a stepper motor, and achieve independent operation without external power supply.
[0034] The above description is only one embodiment of the present invention. The scope of protection of the present invention is not limited to the above embodiment, but it can be considered that various ways of disclosing the principle herein are still within the scope of the claims.
Claims
1. A semi-active intelligent vibration absorber based on an asymmetric U-shaped variable stiffness spring, characterized in that, It includes a base assembly, a guide rod assembly, a dynamic mass platform assembly, a stepper motor drive assembly, an asymmetric U-shaped variable stiffness spring assembly, and an intelligent control module; The base assembly provides a support foundation for the vibration absorber, and the guide rod assembly vertically connects the top plate and the bottom plate of the base assembly to form a vertical guide frame; The guide rod assembly includes at least four guide rods (2) and matching linear bearings (11). The guide rods (2) are arranged in the vertical direction and their two ends are fixed to the top plate (1) and bottom plate (8) of the base assembly, respectively. The linear bearings (11) are installed in the guide holes of the dynamic mass platform (4) and slide with the guide rods (2), constraining the dynamic mass platform (4) to slide only vertically with a single degree of freedom along the axis of the guide rods (2). The bottom of the dynamic mass platform is fixed with a guide rail (13), a slider (14) and a slider hinge seat (5). The dynamic mass platform (4) serves as the dynamic mass block of the vibration absorber. The guide rail (13) is fixed to the bottom surface of the dynamic mass platform (4) in the circumferential direction of the lead screw (9). The slider (14) is slidably engaged with the guide rail (13). The slider hinge seat (5) is fixed on the slider (14). The stepper motor drive assembly is the core power source for adjusting the stiffness of the vibration absorber, enabling precise driving and closed-loop control of stiffness adjustment. It includes a stepper motor (15), a driver (10), a lead screw (9), connecting rods (16), and a connecting rod support (19). The stepper motor (15) and the lead screw (9) are coaxially fixed. The lead screw (9) is arranged vertically along the central axis of the device, and its two ends are radially limited by lead screw flanges (17). The connecting rod support (19) is fixed to the lower end of the stepper motor (15). One end of each of the four sets of connecting rods (16) is hinged to the connecting rod support (19), and the other end is hinged to the corresponding asymmetrical U-shaped spring (6), forming a synchronous transmission mechanism of connecting rod support (19) - connecting rod (16) - asymmetrical U-shaped spring (6), converting the vertical displacement of the stepper motor (15) into the rotation of the asymmetrical U-shaped spring. The asymmetric U-shaped variable stiffness spring mounting assembly includes a slider (14), a guide rail (13), a slider hinge seat (5), and four sets of asymmetric U-shaped springs (6). The guide rail (13) is evenly distributed and fixed to the bottom surface of the dynamic mass platform (4) in the radial and circumferential directions of the transmission screw. The slider (14) is slidably engaged with the guide rail (13). The slider hinge seat (5) is fixed on the slider (14). The asymmetric U-shaped springs (6) are symmetrically arranged in the circumferential direction along the axis of the screw (9). The lower end of each set of asymmetric U-shaped springs (6) is hinged to the bottom plate (8) of the base assembly through the bottom plate hinge seat (18). The middle end is connected to the connecting rod bracket (19) through the connecting rod (16). The upper end is hinged to the slider hinge seat (5) through the hinge shaft, forming a rotatable variable stiffness support structure. The intelligent control module includes a battery power supply (3), a microcontroller (12), and a vibration sensor. The power supply (3) is fixed on the dynamic mass platform (4) to supply power to the stepper motor (15), the motor driver (10), and the microcontroller (12). The signal input terminal of the microcontroller (12) is connected to the vibration acceleration sensor, and the control output terminal is electrically connected to the motor driver (10) to realize closed-loop control of the vibration absorber stiffness and real-time semi-active tuning of the natural frequency.
2. The semi-active intelligent vibration absorber based on an asymmetric U-shaped variable stiffness spring according to claim 1, characterized in that, The asymmetrical U-shaped springs (6) are arranged in four groups, symmetrically arranged 90° around the axis of the transmission screw (9). During vibration, the bending moments generated by each group of springs cancel each other out, thus avoiding the generation of eccentric load and overturning moment on the dynamic mass platform (4).
3. The semi-active intelligent vibration absorber based on an asymmetric U-shaped variable stiffness spring according to claim 1, characterized in that, The stepper motor (15) is a through stepper motor, which can drive the rotation angle adjustment range of the asymmetric U-shaped spring (6) from 20° to 55°, so as to realize the continuous linear adjustment of the stiffness of the vibration absorber and the wide range of tuning of the natural frequency.
4. The semi-active intelligent vibration absorber based on an asymmetric U-shaped variable stiffness spring according to claim 1, characterized in that, The asymmetric U-shaped spring (6) is an integrally bent structure, including a long lever arm section and a U-shaped bending section, and its base material is aluminum alloy.
5. The semi-active intelligent vibration absorber based on an asymmetric U-shaped variable stiffness spring according to claim 1, characterized in that, The transmission screw (9) is a trapezoidal screw, which has the characteristics of high transmission accuracy and good self-locking performance; the guide rail (13) is an MGN series miniature linear guide rail, and the slider hinge seat (5) is fixedly connected to the slider (14) on the guide rail (13) to ensure the straightness and smoothness of the horizontal displacement of the slider (14) and avoid jamming during the adjustment process.
6. The semi-active intelligent vibration absorber based on an asymmetric U-shaped variable stiffness spring according to claim 1, characterized in that, The stepper motor (15) is a 42 series two-phase stepper motor with a power supply voltage of 24V. It is equipped with an encoder to realize closed-loop control, and the positioning accuracy is not less than 0.005mm, ensuring the accuracy and repeatability of stiffness adjustment.
7. The semi-active intelligent vibration absorber based on an asymmetric U-shaped variable stiffness spring according to claim 1, characterized in that, The vibration acceleration sensor is installed on the dynamic mass platform (4) or the controlled vibration reduction equipment to collect vibration acceleration and frequency signals in real time; the battery power supply (3) adopts a 24V battery pack, which can realize the independent operation of the vibration absorber without external power supply.
8. The semi-active intelligent vibration absorber based on an asymmetric U-shaped variable stiffness spring according to claim 1, characterized in that, The microcontroller (12) has built-in adaptive control algorithm and frequency tracking algorithm. It can identify the main excitation frequency in real time according to the collected vibration signal, calculate the optimal tuning stiffness and generate control commands. It drives the stepper motor (15) through the motor driver (10) to realize the real-time adaptive tuning of the vibration absorber's natural frequency.
9. The semi-active intelligent vibration absorber based on an asymmetric U-shaped variable stiffness spring according to claim 1, characterized in that, The dynamic mass platform (4) also serves as the mounting base for the dynamic mass block of the vibration absorber and the drive, control and power supply units, realizing the integrated design of the drive unit and the dynamic mass block, improving the dynamic-to-static ratio of the vibration absorber, and realizing independent operation without external power supply.
10. The semi-active intelligent vibration absorber based on an asymmetric U-shaped variable stiffness spring according to claim 1, characterized in that, When the vibration absorber is working, the vibration transmission drives the dynamic mass platform (4) to vibrate, so that the slider (14) can move freely in a small horizontal amplitude on the guide rail (13), releasing the bending internal stress of the spring, reducing stress concentration, and greatly improving the fatigue life of the asymmetric U-shaped spring (6).