Bridge high pier verticality laser detection device

Abstract

The present application belongs to the verticality laser detection technical field, disclose a kind of bridge high pier verticality laser detection device, including L-shaped positioning substrate, the vertical portion outer wall of L-shaped positioning substrate is fixedly connected with laser transmitter and U-shaped frame, the inner wall of U-shaped frame is fixedly connected with inclined amplification detection mechanism.The bridge high pier verticality laser detection device of the present application is automatically early warning through laser transceiver structure, sensitivity improvement structure and PLC controller linkage, replaces artificial visual rough investigation, can identify the early small inclination of bridge high pier pile cap due to foundation sliding, and through indicating mark line directly corresponding to the scale of arc angle mark line, the actual inclination angle of pile cap can be directly read, without collecting multiple point coordinates, section fitting, trigonometric conversion and other multi-step operation, save time and effort, improve the convenience, accuracy and efficiency of bridge high pier verticality detection, and reduce the labor intensity of staff.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of verticality laser detection technology, and in particular relates to a laser detection device for the verticality of high bridge piers. Background Technology

[0002] High piers of highway and railway bridges in mountainous areas are often located in deep mountain valleys and deeply incised river valleys. The geological conditions of these areas are complex and the soil and rock stability is poor. Under severe weather conditions such as heavy rainfall and continuous rainstorms, geological changes such as soil slippage and uneven settlement of the foundation are prone to occur, causing slight tilting and displacement of the high pier foundation. This seriously threatens the overall operational safety of the bridge. Therefore, it is necessary to conduct regular inspections and tests on the verticality of the high piers. At present, conventional high pier tilt monitoring equipment is mostly deployed in the middle and upper part of the high pier and at the top of the pier. However, large-span bridges generally have flexible connection structures such as shock-absorbing bearings and expansion joints between the top of the pier and the main beam. The top of the pier is susceptible to wind disturbance, thermal expansion and contraction caused by temperature changes, and dynamic loads from vehicles, resulting in compliant elastic displacement. In order to avoid false alarms caused by the above-mentioned disturbances under normal operating conditions, the existing middle and upper monitoring sensors are generally equipped with filtering thresholds, which greatly reduces the monitoring sensitivity and makes it difficult to capture the slight tilting deviation of the foundation at the bottom of the high pier caused by geological deformation. Therefore, it is impossible to achieve accurate and effective monitoring of the foundation verticality.

[0003] Due to the displacement isolation characteristics of the flexible connection at the pier top, when a slight geological shift occurs at the bottom of the pier cap, resulting in early tilting risks, the monitoring data of the upper and middle parts of the pier body shows no obvious abnormalities. Conventional monitoring equipment and manual visual inspection cannot identify hidden foundation deformations in time, making it easy to miss early safety hazards. Currently, the project mainly relies on total stations to complete the special inspection of the verticality of high piers. However, total station inspection depends on the establishment of stable benchmark control points off-site. In narrow canyons and geological disaster areas, control points are easily damaged and difficult to set up. Moreover, the inspection process requires cumbersome steps such as multi-point observation, coordinate acquisition, cross-section fitting, and data conversion. The measurement procedures are complex and the inspection is time-consuming. A single operation requires the cooperation of multiple surveyors. The inspection process is time-consuming and labor-intensive, affecting the convenience and efficiency of bridge high pier verticality inspection. At the same time, it increases the labor intensity of the staff and makes it difficult to meet the engineering needs of rapid emergency inspection and routine high-frequency inspection of bridge high piers after heavy rain.

[0004] To address this issue, we propose a laser detection device for the verticality of high bridge piers. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a laser detection device for the verticality of high bridge piers, which addresses the shortcomings of the prior art.

[0006] To solve the above-mentioned technical problems, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is: a laser detection device for the verticality of bridge piers, comprising an L-shaped positioning base plate, wherein a laser emitter and a U-shaped frame are fixedly connected to the outer wall of the vertical part of the L-shaped positioning base plate, and an inclined magnification detection mechanism is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the U-shaped frame. The side wall of the U-shaped frame is provided with a fixing through hole, and the wall of the fixing through hole is fixedly connected to a linkage mechanism. An inclined reference positioning mechanism is fixedly connected to the outer wall of the linkage mechanism on the side away from the U-shaped frame. The upper surface of the horizontal portion of the L-shaped positioning base plate is fixedly connected to a control mechanism and a limiting mechanism.

[0007] Preferably, the tilt magnification detection mechanism includes a support rod horizontally fixedly connected to the inner wall of the U-shaped frame. A first bearing is fixedly sleeved on the wall of the support rod. A telescopic rod assembly is fixedly connected to the top of the first bearing. A lightweight reinforcing plate is fixedly connected to the top of the telescopic rod assembly. A second fixed through hole is opened on the lightweight reinforcing plate at a position directly above the laser emitter. A laser receiver matching the laser emitter is fixedly connected to the wall of the second fixed through hole. An extension protrusion is fixedly connected to the outer wall of the bottom end of the first bearing. A first control ring is movably sleeved on the wall of the extension protrusion. A plurality of first universal balls arranged in a ring are fixedly connected to the inner wall of the first control ring. The ball ends of the plurality of first universal balls are in rolling contact with the wall of the extension protrusion.

[0008] Preferably, the telescopic rod assembly includes an outer cylinder fixedly connected to the outer wall of the top end of the first bearing, a middle cylinder slidably connected to the inner wall of the outer cylinder, an inner rod slidably connected to the inner wall of the middle cylinder, the top end of the inner rod being fixedly connected to the lower surface of the lightweight reinforcing plate, and threaded holes being provided on the outer walls of the top ends of both the outer cylinder and the middle cylinder, with positioning bolts threadedly connected to the walls of the threaded holes.

[0009] Preferably, a counterweight is fixedly connected to the outer wall of the lightweight reinforcing plate on the side away from the laser receiver, and the extension protrusion and the telescopic rod assembly are on the same axis.

[0010] Preferably, the outer wall at the center of the bottom end of the extended protrusion is engraved with an indicator line, and the outer wall of the U-shaped frame is engraved with an arc-shaped angle line with the center point of the support rod as the center.

[0011] Preferably, the linkage mechanism includes a hollow cylinder, the outer wall of which is fixedly connected to the wall of the through hole at the U-shaped frame, two movable blocks are slidably connected to the inner wall of the hollow cylinder, and sealing rings that are slidably connected to the inner wall of the hollow cylinder are fixedly sleeved on the outer walls of the two movable blocks. The cavity formed by the hollow cylinder and the two movable blocks is filled with transmission hydraulic oil. A connecting rod is fixedly connected to the opposite ends of the two movable blocks. Movable holes that cooperate with the outer walls of the connecting rods are opened on both side walls of the hollow cylinder. A U-shaped block is fixedly connected to the opposite ends of the two connecting rods. A crossbar is fixedly embedded on both inner walls of the U-shaped block. A second bearing is fixedly sleeved on the wall of the crossbar. Ventilation holes are opened on both outer walls of the hollow cylinder.

[0012] Preferably, the tilting reference positioning mechanism includes an L-shaped frame fixedly connected to the outer wall of the hollow cylinder. A hinged ball head is fixedly connected to the lower surface of the horizontal part of the L-shaped frame. A reference rod is fixedly connected to the connecting handle end of the hinged ball head. A pointed counterweight positioning cone is fixedly connected to the bottom end of the reference rod. A second control ring is movably sleeved on the rod wall of the reference rod. A plurality of second universal balls arranged in a ring are fixedly connected to the inner wall of the second control ring. The ball ends of the plurality of second universal balls are in rolling connection with the rod wall of the reference rod. The outer wall of one second bearing is fixedly connected to the outer wall of the second control ring, and the outer wall of another second bearing is fixedly connected to the outer wall of the first control ring.

[0013] Preferably, the limiting mechanism includes an electric push rod fixedly connected to the upper surface of the horizontal portion of the L-shaped positioning base plate, a positioning block fixedly connected to the moving end of the electric push rod, and an anti-slip rubber block fixedly connected to the outer wall of the positioning block.

[0014] Preferably, the control mechanism includes a U-shaped cover, an tilt sensor, and a PLC controller fixedly connected to the upper surface of the horizontal part of the L-shaped positioning base plate. A U-shaped handle and a control switch are fixedly connected to the upper surface of the U-shaped cover, and an audible and visual alarm is fixedly embedded at the top of the U-shaped cover.

[0015] Compared with existing technologies, the present invention has the following advantages: 1. This invention, through its L-shaped positioning base plate and limiting mechanism, allows for the following steps during bridge pier inspections after heavy rain: Workers first carry the detection device to the pier's foundation and transmit an electrical signal to the PLC controller via a control switch. The PLC controller then drives the electric push rod to extend, aligning the horizontal and vertical surfaces of the L-shaped positioning base plate with the foundation's reference surface. The electric push rod is then retracted, pressing the anti-slip rubber block against the foundation to lock it in place. After locking, the L-shaped positioning base plate, laser emitter, and U-shaped frame form a unified structure with the bridge pier's foundation. The tilt magnification detection mechanism, linkage mechanism, and tilt reference positioning mechanism work together to detect slight tilting of the bridge pier's foundation, enabling timely detection. The existing monitoring equipment for the verticality of bridge piers is isolated by the flexible structure of the pier tops, such as the shock-absorbing bearings and expansion joints. The elastic displacement of the pier top cannot reflect the slight geological tilt of the pier cap. The total station requires setting up reference control points in the field, which are easily damaged and difficult to set up in the narrow valley area. This new structure does not require an off-site measurement reference. It establishes a follow-up detection reference based on the bridge pier pier itself, effectively avoiding the data distortion blind spots in pier top monitoring. It eliminates the need for setting up total station control points and the process of multiple people working together to set up the equipment. It greatly reduces the limitations of the field inspection site, simplifies the preliminary setup process, effectively reduces the labor intensity of surveyors, and improves the efficiency and convenience of emergency detection of bridge pier verticality.

[0016] 2. This invention, through the establishment of an inclined reference positioning mechanism, a linkage mechanism, a laser emitter, a laser receiver, and a control mechanism, ensures that during the verticality detection of bridge piers, the reference rod relies on the weight of its pointed counterweight positioning cone to fall, maintaining a vertical posture with the help of the hinged ball joint. This weight is simultaneously transmitted to the extension cam via a connecting rod, transmission hydraulic oil, and a second bearing, driving the telescopic rod assembly to maintain a vertical state. The laser emitter continuously outputs a directional laser beam, which is directly aligned with the laser receiver on the lightweight reinforcing plate. When the laser beam deviates, the laser receiver sends no signal back to the PLC controller, which immediately activates an audible and visual alarm for warning. Traditional manual visual inspections struggle to detect early slippage of bridge pier caps. Total stations require multiple coordinate data collection points and cross-sectional fitting calculations to determine verticality, a cumbersome process prone to missing minor issues. Pier-top sensors, designed to withstand wind disturbances and temperature variations, suffer reduced sensitivity and fail to detect foundation deformation. This new structure, however, avoids interference from normal elastic displacement at the top of bridge piers, accurately detecting slight cap tilting caused by uneven foundation settlement and soil slippage. It eliminates the need for repeated manual readings and calculations, providing timely warnings of hidden safety hazards and improving the sensitivity and timeliness of pier foundation deformation detection.

[0017] 3. This invention, through the design of a telescopic rod assembly, indicator lines, and arc-shaped angle lines, allows for free adjustment of the extension length of the telescopic rod assembly by loosening the positioning bolts during testing. Utilizing the leverage amplification effect, even a slight tilt of the bridge pier's foundation can create a significant lateral displacement at the lightweight reinforcing plate, amplifying the laser beam offset difference. After the audible and visual alarm sounds, the U-shaped frame following the bridge pier's foundation's deflection forms an angle with the vertically extending convex rod. By matching the indicator lines with the arc-shaped angle lines, the tilt angle, i.e., the verticality deviation of the bridge pier, can be directly read. Traditional detection methods either cannot amplify minute displacements, leading to missed detections, or require multiple sets of observation data to be substituted into formulas for calculation. Multiple conversions accumulate observation and calculation errors, reducing detection accuracy. The telescopic rod assembly enhances the ability to identify minute offsets, and the direct-reading structure of the arc-shaped angle lines eliminates the entire process of coordinate acquisition, fitting, and trigonometric function conversion, eliminating the accuracy loss caused by multiple calculations. It balances the ability to capture early minute deformations with the intuitiveness of direct tilt angle reading, improving the efficiency and accuracy of the final verticality detection. Attached Figure Description

[0018] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the working state of the present invention; Figure 3 yes Figure 2 A schematic diagram of the cross-sectional structure; Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the linkage mechanism of the present invention; Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the tilting reference positioning mechanism of the present invention; Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the control mechanism of the present invention; Figure 7 This is a three-dimensional schematic diagram of the first bearing portion of the present invention; Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the bridge pier cap when it is tilted according to the present invention.

[0019] In the diagram: 1. L-shaped positioning base plate; 2. Laser emitter; 3. U-shaped frame; 4. Tilt magnification detection mechanism; 41. Support rod; 42. First bearing; 43. Lightweight reinforcing plate; 44. Laser receiver; 45. Extension protrusion; 46. First control ring; 47. First universal ball bearing; 5. Telescopic rod assembly; 51. Outer cylinder; 52. Middle cylinder; 53. Inner rod; 54. Positioning bolt; 6. Linkage mechanism; 61. Hollow cylinder; 62. Moving block; 63. Sealing ring; 64. Transmission hydraulic oil; 65. Connecting rod; 66. U-shaped block; 67. Crossbar; 68. 69. Second bearing; 70. Vent hole; 81. Inclined reference positioning mechanism; 72. L-shaped frame; 73. Hinge ball head; 74. Reference rod; 75. Pointed counterweight positioning cone; 76. Second control ring; 87. Second universal ball bearing; 88. Limiting mechanism; 89. Electric push rod; 80. Positioning block; 81. Anti-slip rubber block; 92. Control mechanism; 93. U-shaped cover; 94. Inclination sensor; 95. PLC controller; 96. U-shaped handle; 97. Control switch; 98. Audible and visual alarm; 19. Counterweight block; 10. Indicating mark; 11. Arc-shaped angle mark.

[0020] The technical solution of the present invention will now be clearly and completely described in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. Detailed Implementation

[0021] like Figure 1 The invention relates to a laser detection device for the verticality of a high bridge pier, comprising an L-shaped positioning base plate 1, wherein a laser emitter 2 and a U-shaped frame 3 are fixedly connected to the outer wall of the vertical part of the L-shaped positioning base plate 1, and the laser emitter 2 emits vertically upward.

[0022] In practical use, the L-shaped positioning base plate 1 in this embodiment serves as the overall mounting carrier of the device. It can simultaneously adhere to the top surface and side wall of the platform, forming a rigid and synchronous follow-up reference with the platform. This allows the laser emitter 2 and the U-shaped frame 3 to deflect synchronously with the platform. This design directly relies on the platform body to establish a follow-up detection reference, eliminating the need to set up stable reference control points off-site. It effectively solves the technical problems of difficult, easily damaged, and costly deployment of total station control points in narrow canyon areas. The vertically upward laser beam, in conjunction with the upper receiving structure, provides an optical path foundation for lever amplification detection of tilt.

[0023] like Figures 1-4 and Figure 7As shown, further, in this embodiment, an inclined magnification detection mechanism 4 is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the U-shaped frame 3. The inclined magnification detection mechanism 4 includes a support rod 41 that is horizontally fixedly connected to the inner wall of the U-shaped frame 3. A first bearing 42 is fixedly sleeved on the wall of the support rod 41. A telescopic rod assembly 5 is fixedly connected to the top of the first bearing 42. The telescopic rod assembly 5 includes an outer cylinder 51 that is fixedly connected to the outer wall of the top of the first bearing 42. A middle cylinder 52 is slidably connected to the inner wall of the outer cylinder 51. An inner rod 53 is slidably connected to the inner wall of the middle cylinder 52. The top of the inner rod 53 is fixedly connected to the lower surface of the lightweight reinforcing plate 43. The top outer walls of both the outer cylinder 51 and the middle cylinder 52 are provided with screws. The hole wall of the threaded hole is threaded with a positioning bolt 54. The top of the telescopic rod assembly 5 is fixedly connected with a lightweight reinforcing plate 43. The lightweight reinforcing plate 43 has a fixed through hole 2 at the position directly above the laser emitter 2. The hole wall of the fixed through hole 2 is fixedly connected with a laser receiver 44 that matches the laser emitter 2. The bottom outer wall of the first bearing 42 is fixedly connected with an extension protrusion 45. The rod wall of the extension protrusion 45 is movably sleeved with a first control ring 46. The inner wall of the first control ring 46 is fixedly connected with a plurality of first universal balls 47 arranged in a ring. The ball ends of the plurality of first universal balls 47 are all in rolling contact with the rod wall of the extension protrusion 45.

[0024] In actual use, in this embodiment, the support rod 41 is used as the deflection fulcrum, and the first bearing 42 is used to realize the free deflection of the telescopic rod assembly 5 and the extension protrusion 45, so that the detection end can remain vertical independently of the following U-shaped frame 3. Based on the lever amplification principle, the telescopic rod assembly 5, as a long lever arm, converts the small displacement of the bridge pier abutment into a large lateral displacement of the top lightweight reinforcing plate 43, multiplying the displacement of the laser beam. This solves the technical problem that the small tilt signal generated by the early geological deformation of the bridge pier abutment is weak and difficult to be identified by the human eye and conventional sensors, and greatly improves the detection sensitivity. The laser receiver 44 and the laser transmitter 2 form a laser transceiver detection pair, and the on / off of the laser beam is used as the trigger signal for tilt deviation, providing a stable switch quantity detection basis for automated early warning. The first control ring 46 and the first universal ball bearing 47 form a low-friction transmission pair, which can transmit the plumb bob action transmitted by the linkage mechanism 6 to the extension protrusion 45 without jamming, avoiding transmission resistance from interfering with the natural formation of the vertical reference and ensuring the accuracy of angle transmission.

[0025] like Figure 1 As shown, further, in this embodiment, a counterweight 10 is fixedly connected to the outer wall of the lightweight reinforcing plate 43 on the side away from the laser receiver 44. The counterweight 10 enables the lightweight reinforcing plate 43 to achieve self-balance on the top of the telescopic rod assembly 5, avoiding the swaying of the lightweight reinforcing plate 43 from interfering with the accuracy of the verticality detection result. The extension protrusion 45 and the telescopic rod assembly 5 are on the same axis.

[0026] In actual use, in this embodiment, the counterweight 10 can balance the weight of the laser receiver 44 and the lightweight reinforcing plate 43 on one side, so that the top of the telescopic rod assembly 5 is evenly stressed, avoiding the extra self-weight deflection of the telescopic rod assembly 5 due to the shift of the center of gravity, and ensuring the stability of the vertical reference. The extension protrusion 45 is coaxially set with the telescopic rod assembly 5 to ensure that the two deflect synchronously around the same fulcrum and the deflection angle is consistent, avoiding the angle transmission error caused by the eccentric structure and ensuring the accuracy of subsequent angle readings.

[0027] like Figures 1-3 As shown, in this embodiment, an indicator line 11 is engraved on the outer wall at the center of the bottom end of the extension protrusion 45, and an arc-shaped angle line 12 is engraved on the outer wall of the U-shaped frame 3 with the center point of the support rod 41 as the center.

[0028] In actual use, in this embodiment, the indicator line 11 remains vertically fixed along with the extended protrusion 45, and the arc-shaped angle line 12 deflects synchronously with the U-shaped frame 3 and the pier cap. The relative angle formed by the two is the actual tilt angle of the bridge pier cap. The staff can directly read the tilt value through the scale of the arc-shaped angle line 12 corresponding to the indicator line 11, without the need to collect multi-point coordinates, perform cross-section fitting and trigonometric function conversion, saving the tedious data processing procedures, and eliminating the cumulative error caused by multi-step calculation. This solves the technical problems of complex, time-consuming and large calculation error of traditional total station detection procedures, and greatly improves detection efficiency and result accuracy.

[0029] like Figure 1 , Figures 3-5 As shown, further, in this embodiment, a fixing through hole is provided on the side wall of the U-shaped frame 3, and a linkage mechanism 6 is fixedly connected to the wall of the fixing through hole. The linkage mechanism 6 includes a hollow cylinder 61, the outer wall of which is fixedly connected to the wall of the fixing through hole at the U-shaped frame 3; two moving blocks 62 are slidably connected to the inner wall of the hollow cylinder 61, and a sealing ring 63 is fixedly sleeved on the outer wall of the two moving blocks 62 and slidably connected to the inner wall of the hollow cylinder 61. The cavity formed by the hollow cylinder 61 and the two moving blocks 62 is filled with transmission hydraulic oil 64. Two moving blocks 62 are fixedly connected to connecting rods 65 at opposite ends. The side walls at both ends of the hollow cylinder 61 are provided with moving holes that mate with the outer walls of the connecting rods 65. U-shaped blocks 66 are fixedly connected to the opposite ends of the two connecting rods 65. A crossbar 67 is fixedly embedded on both inner walls of the U-shaped blocks 66. A second bearing 68 is fixedly sleeved on the wall of the crossbar 67. Vent holes 69 are provided on both outer walls of the hollow cylinder 61. The vent holes 69 on both sides of the hollow cylinder 61 are used to balance the internal and external air pressure when the hydraulic oil 64 moves, so as to avoid the oil pressure from hindering the movement of the connecting rods 65.

[0030] In practical use, the linkage mechanism 6 in this embodiment adopts the principle of sealed hydraulic transmission to achieve synchronous transmission of the plumb bob's movement. The sealing ring 63 ensures the sealing of the hydraulic chamber, and the transmission hydraulic oil 64 transmits pressure using liquid as the medium. Hydraulic transmission has the advantages of no transmission gap, smooth transmission, and resistance to vibration interference. It can accurately achieve a 1:1 transmission ratio. Moreover, the blocking friction force between the sealing ring 63 and the inner wall of the hollow cylinder 61 has a damping effect, ensuring that the tilting reference positioning mechanism 7 is not affected by the wind during the detection process. The vertical posture of the tilting reference positioning mechanism 7 is synchronized to the tilting amplification detection mechanism 4 without damage. This structure solves the technical problems of large gaps, easy jamming of small displacements, and low transmission accuracy of traditional mechanical transmission. It ensures the accuracy and response sensitivity of the vertical reference transmission and is the core structure for achieving accurate transmission of independent gravity reference to the detection end.

[0031] like Figures 1-3 and Figure 5 As shown, further, in this embodiment, an inclined reference positioning mechanism 7 is fixedly connected to the outer wall of the linkage mechanism 6 on the side away from the U-shaped frame 3. The inclined reference positioning mechanism 7 includes an L-shaped frame 71 fixedly connected to the outer wall of the hollow cylinder 61. A hinged ball head 72 is fixedly connected to the lower surface of the horizontal part of the L-shaped frame 71. A reference rod 73 is fixedly connected to the connecting handle end of the hinged ball head 72. A pointed counterweight positioning cone 74 is fixedly connected to the bottom end of the reference rod 73. A second control ring 75 is movably sleeved on the rod wall of the reference rod 73. A plurality of second universal balls 76 arranged in a ring are fixedly connected to the inner wall of the second control ring 75. The ball ends of the plurality of second universal balls 76 are all rollingly connected to the rod wall of the reference rod 73. The outer wall of one second bearing 68 is fixedly connected to the outer wall of the second control ring 75, and the outer wall of the other second bearing 68 is fixedly connected to the outer wall of the first control ring 46. The transmission ratio on both sides of the linkage mechanism 6 is 1:1 to ensure that the angle between the reference rod 73 and the extended protrusion 45 is consistent and to maintain the vertical reference accuracy.

[0032] In actual use, in this embodiment, the tilting reference positioning mechanism 7 relies on its own weight to establish an independent earth vertical reference. The reference rod 73 and the pointed counterweight positioning cone 74 automatically remain vertical under the action of gravity. The hinged ball head 72 provides omnidirectional deflection freedom, so that the reference rod 73 is completely unaffected by the tilt of the bridge pier and always points in the direction of gravity. This benchmark is completely independent of the bridge pier and abutment, avoiding the interference of elastic displacement caused by flexible structures such as pier top shock-absorbing bearings and expansion joints. It solves the core technical problem that traditional pier top monitoring equipment is greatly affected by wind, temperature and vehicle load disturbances, which forces it to reduce monitoring sensitivity and cannot capture the small deformation of the abutment foundation. The second control ring 75 and the second universal ball 76 form a low-friction transmission structure. The benchmark rod 73 must be kept vertical and act on the linkage mechanism 6 to avoid friction affecting the natural formation of the vertical benchmark. Meanwhile, the design of an independent gravity reference eliminates the need for manual leveling of the device, automatically establishing a detection reference after placement, which greatly improves the level of automation in detection and the efficiency of on-site deployment.

[0033] like Figure 1 and Figure 6 As shown, further, in this embodiment, a limiting mechanism 8 is fixedly connected to the upper surface of the horizontal portion of the L-shaped positioning base plate 1. The limiting mechanism 8 includes an electric push rod 81 fixedly connected to the upper surface of the horizontal portion of the L-shaped positioning base plate 1. A positioning block 82 is fixedly connected to the moving end of the electric push rod 81, and an anti-slip rubber block 83 is fixedly connected to the outer wall of the positioning block 82.

[0034] In actual use, the limiting mechanism 8 in this embodiment adopts an electronically controlled drive to achieve automatic locking and fixing of the device. The extension and retraction of the electric push rod 81 can drive the positioning block 82 and the anti-slip rubber block 83 to press or loosen the side wall of the support platform. Together with the right-angle contact surface of the L-shaped positioning base plate 1, a clamping and fixing effect is formed. The anti-slip rubber block 83 can increase the friction of the contact surface, improve the locking reliability, and prevent the device from shifting due to external forces. This structure does not require manual tightening of bolts or setting up of auxiliary tooling. A single person can operate to complete the device fixing, which solves the technical problems of cumbersome installation of traditional testing equipment and the need for multiple people to cooperate. It greatly improves the deployment efficiency of field inspection and reduces the labor intensity of staff.

[0035] like Figure 1 and Figure 6 As shown, further, in this embodiment, a control mechanism 9 is fixedly connected to the upper surface of the horizontal part of the L-shaped positioning base plate 1. The control mechanism 9 includes a U-shaped cover 91, an tilt sensor 92 and a PLC controller 93 fixedly connected to the upper surface of the horizontal part of the L-shaped positioning base plate 1. A U-shaped handle 94 and a control switch 95 are fixedly connected to the upper surface of the U-shaped cover 91. An audible and visual alarm 96 is fixedly embedded at the top of the U-shaped cover 91.

[0036] In practical use, the U-shaped cover 91 in this embodiment provides protection for the internal electrical components. The PLC controller 93 serves as the core of the device's automated control, coordinating signal acquisition, logic judgment, and execution output. The tilt sensor 92 acts as a redundant detection unit, synchronously acquiring the tilt data of the platform and forming a dual verification with the laser detection results. This avoids false alarms caused by accidental obstruction of the laser beam path by debris, thus improving detection reliability. The audible and visual alarm 96 provides automatic audible and visual alerts for tilt exceeding tolerances, eliminating the need for manual monitoring and reading in real time. The U-shaped handle 94 facilitates single-person handling of the device, adapting to the mobile needs of field inspections.

[0037] The laser emitter 2, electric push rod 81, and audible and visual alarm 96 are all electrically connected to the output terminal of PLC controller 93 via wires. The control switch 95, tilt sensor 92, and laser receiver 44 are all electrically connected to the input terminal of PLC controller 93 via wires. The device is equipped with an external power supply to provide stable power to the above-mentioned electrical components. The above-mentioned electrical components and circuit connection methods are all existing technologies and will not be described in detail here.

[0038] The operating principle of this invention is described as follows: During post-rain geological inspections and routine bridge pier verticality testing, workers use U-shaped handles to move the entire device to the testing location on the bridge pier abutment. They then clean the mud, gravel, weeds, and other obstructions from the sidewalls and top surface of the bridge pier abutment to ensure the contact surface is flat and clean. After cleaning, the testing is completed according to the following steps: First step, such as Figures 1-3 and Figure 6 As shown, the operator operates the control switch 95 to output an electrical signal to the PLC controller 93. The PLC controller 93 drives the electric push rod 81 inside the limit mechanism 8 to extend outward. Then, the horizontal bottom surface of the L-shaped positioning base plate 1 is attached to the top surface of the pier, and the vertical surface is attached to the side wall of the pier. The operator operates the control switch 95 again, and the PLC controller 93 controls the electric push rod 81 to retract, driving the positioning block 82 to move forward. The anti-slip rubber block 83 presses against the side wall of the pier, and at the same time, the L-shaped positioning base plate 1 itself also presses against the outer wall of the bridge pier pier, thus completing the process. The L-shaped positioning base plate 1 is locked. After locking, the L-shaped positioning base plate 1, U-shaped frame 3 and laser emitter 2 form a whole that moves synchronously with the bridge pier abutment. When the bridge pier abutment tilts or shifts even slightly, the L-shaped positioning base plate 1, U-shaped frame 3 and laser emitter 2 will all shift synchronously. This structure relies on electronically controlled limiters to achieve rapid positioning and fixing by a single person. It does not require additional external support tools, saves the tedious process of setting up stable reference control points outside the total station, simplifies the field inspection operation process, and improves the convenience of on-site deployment of the device. The second step, as Figures 1-7As shown, after loosening the positioning bolts 54 on the telescopic rod assembly 5, the middle cylinder 52 and inner rod 53 are pulled out sequentially to the appropriate detection length. Then, the corresponding positioning bolts 54 are tightened. The reference rod 73 in the tilting reference positioning mechanism 7 falls naturally by its own weight, relying on the weight of the pointed counterweight positioning cone 74. The hinged ball head 72 provides the reference rod 73 with omnidirectional deflection freedom, so that the reference rod 73 always maintains the vertical reference posture. The movement of the reference rod 73 keeps it vertical and drives the second control ring 75 to generate lateral displacement, which in turn drives the connecting rod 65 to move axially along the hollow cylinder 61 through the second bearing 68 and U-shaped block 66. The hydraulic oil simultaneously pushes the connecting rod on the other side. The rod moves horizontally, and through the first control ring 46 and the first universal ball bearing 47, the extension cam 45 is driven to deflect accordingly, which in turn drives the telescopic rod assembly 5 to synchronously follow the reference rod 73 to maintain verticality. The counterweight block 10 on one side of the lightweight reinforcing plate 43 enables the lightweight reinforcing plate 43 to self-balance at the top of the telescopic rod assembly 5, reducing the reference offset error caused by its own weight. After the states of the linkage mechanism 6, the reference rod 73 and the telescopic rod assembly 5 are stable, the operator operates the control switch 95 to start the laser emitter 2. The laser emitter 2 continuously outputs a directional laser beam, which is directly aimed at the laser receiver 44 installed in the center of the lightweight reinforcing plate 43. When the bridge pier abutment is not tilted and the L-shaped positioning plate 1 is not deflected, the laser beam emitted by the laser emitter 2 is completely injected into the laser receiver 44. The laser receiver 44 continuously transmits the conduction signal to the PLC controller 93. The PLC controller 93 determines that the verticality of the abutment meets the standard and does not drive the audible and visual alarm 96 to work. like Figure 8 As shown, if there is a potential tilting risk in the bridge pier abutment, the L-shaped positioning base plate 1 will deflect synchronously, causing the laser beam of the laser transmitter 2 to shift. The laser receiver 44 will not be able to receive the beam, and at the same time, the laser receiver 44 will not send a feedback electrical signal to the PLC controller 93. The PLC controller 93 will perform a secondary verification in conjunction with the tilt data synchronously collected by the tilt sensor 92. When the signal of the laser receiver 44 is interrupted or the tilt sensor 92 detects that the tilt exceeds the preset threshold, the audible and visual alarm 96 will be activated to determine that the verticality of the bridge pier does not meet the design requirements and to remind the staff to carry out a comprehensive survey and reinforcement of the bridge pier. This invention relies on its own weight structure to establish an independent gravity benchmark unaffected by the flexible displacement of the pier top shock-absorbing bearings and expansion joints. The transmission hydraulic oil 64 achieves smooth and jam-free synchronous transmission. Combined with the laser transceiver structure and PLC controller 93, it provides automatic early warning, replacing manual visual inspection. It can identify early minor tilting of bridge pier abutments caused by foundation slippage, making up for the shortcomings of traditional pier top monitoring equipment in terms of insufficient sensitivity and inability to capture the deformation of the bottom foundation. It also eliminates the need for multiple people to use a total station to tediously inspect the verticality of bridge piers, saving time and effort, improving the convenience and efficiency of bridge pier verticality inspection, and reducing the labor intensity of workers.

[0039] The third step, as Figures 1-3 As shown, the telescopic rod assembly 5 adopts a three-section nested telescopic structure, which can freely adjust the vertical length. Based on the pendulum amplification effect, when the bridge pier foundation undergoes a slight displacement, the lightweight reinforcing plate 43 at the top of the telescopic rod assembly 5 will produce an amplified lateral displacement. The greater the extension length of the telescopic rod assembly 5, the more obvious the laser beam offset difference between the laser emitter 2 and the laser receiver 44. Even slight deformation of the foundation can directly cause laser beam offset. This extended amplification structure amplifies the small tilt displacement signal, improves the device's sensitivity to early geological deformation at the millimeter level, reduces the probability of missing small offsets, and improves the reliability of the device's detection results.

[0040] Step four, as Figure 1 and Figure 6 As shown, after the audible and visual alarm 96 of the device is triggered, an indicator line 11 is engraved at the bottom of the extension protrusion 45. An arc-shaped angle line 12 is engraved on the outer wall of the U-shaped frame 3 with the center point of the support rod 41 as the center. When the L-shaped positioning base plate 1 deflects with the pier, it will synchronously drive the U-shaped frame 3 to rotate. The extension protrusion 45, which is in a vertical state, forms a relative angle with the U-shaped frame 3. The indicator line 11 directly corresponds to the scale of the arc-shaped angle line 12, which can intuitively read the actual tilt angle of the pier without the need for multiple steps of calculation such as collecting multi-point coordinates, cross-section fitting, and trigonometric function conversion. This direct-reading scale structure eliminates the multiple data processing steps of the total station, avoids the cumulative measurement error caused by multi-point observation and multiple conversions, and further improves the accuracy of the device's detection values. It is suitable for emergency bridge inspection scenarios after heavy rain and can promptly identify the hidden dangers of pier tilt caused by uneven settlement and soil slippage. Moreover, after the above steps are completed, the verticality test position of the bridge pier is changed, and the accuracy of the bridge pier verticality test results is improved by multi-position verticality detection.

[0041] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A laser detection device for the verticality of high bridge piers, comprising an L-shaped positioning base plate (1), characterized in that, A laser emitter (2) and a U-shaped frame (3) are fixedly connected to the outer wall of the vertical part of the L-shaped positioning base plate (1), and an inclined magnification detection mechanism (4) is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the U-shaped frame (3). The side wall of the U-shaped frame (3) is provided with a fixed through hole, and the wall of the fixed through hole is fixedly connected to a linkage mechanism (6). The linkage mechanism (6) is fixedly connected to the outer wall of the side away from the U-shaped frame (3) by an inclined reference positioning mechanism (7). The upper surface of the horizontal part of the L-shaped positioning base plate (1) is fixedly connected to a control mechanism (9) and a limiting mechanism (8).

2. The laser detection device for the verticality of high bridge piers according to claim 1, characterized in that, The tilt magnification detection mechanism (4) includes a support rod (41) that is horizontally fixed to the inner wall of the U-shaped frame (3). A first bearing (42) is fixedly sleeved on the wall of the support rod (41). A telescopic rod assembly (5) is fixedly connected to the top of the first bearing (42). A lightweight reinforcing plate (43) is fixedly connected to the top of the telescopic rod assembly (5). A fixed through hole two is opened on the lightweight reinforcing plate (43) at the position directly above the laser emitter (2). A laser receiver (44) matching the laser emitter (2) is fixedly connected to the wall of the fixed through hole two. An extension protrusion (45) is fixedly connected to the outer wall of the bottom end of the first bearing (42). A first control ring (46) is movably sleeved on the wall of the extension protrusion (45). A plurality of first universal balls (47) arranged in a ring are fixedly connected to the inner wall of the first control ring (46). The ball ends of the plurality of first universal balls (47) are all in rolling contact with the wall of the extension protrusion (45).

3. The laser detection device for the verticality of high bridge piers according to claim 2, characterized in that, The telescopic rod assembly (5) includes an outer cylinder (51) fixedly connected to the outer wall of the top end of the first bearing (42). The inner wall of the outer cylinder (51) is slidably connected to a middle cylinder (52). The inner wall of the middle cylinder (52) is slidably connected to an inner rod (53). The top end of the inner rod (53) is fixedly connected to the lower surface of the lightweight reinforcing plate (43). The outer walls of the top ends of the outer cylinder (51) and the middle cylinder (52) are both provided with threaded holes, and the holes are threaded with positioning bolts (54).

4. The laser detection device for the verticality of high bridge piers according to claim 2, characterized in that, A counterweight (10) is fixedly connected to the outer wall of the lightweight reinforcing plate (43) away from the laser receiver (44), and the extension protrusion (45) and the telescopic rod assembly (5) are on the same axis.

5. The laser detection device for the verticality of high bridge piers according to claim 2, characterized in that, The outer wall of the bottom center of the extended protrusion (45) is engraved with an indicator line (11), and the outer wall of the U-shaped frame (3) is engraved with an arc-shaped angle line (12) with the center point of the support rod (41) as the center.

6. The laser detection device for the verticality of high bridge piers according to claim 2, characterized in that, The linkage mechanism (6) includes a hollow cylinder (61). The outer wall of the hollow cylinder (61) is fixedly connected to the wall of the fixed through hole at the U-shaped frame (3). Two moving blocks (62) are slidably connected to the inner wall of the hollow cylinder (61). The outer walls of the two moving blocks (62) are fixedly fitted with sealing rings (63) that are slidably connected to the inner wall of the hollow cylinder (61). The cavity formed by the hollow cylinder (61) and the two moving blocks (62) is filled with transmission hydraulic oil (64). Each of the moving blocks (62) is fixedly connected to a connecting rod (65) at one end opposite to the other. The hollow cylinder (61) has moving holes on both sides that cooperate with the outer wall of the connecting rod (65). Each of the two connecting rods (65) is fixedly connected to a U-shaped block (66) at one end opposite to the other. A crossbar (67) is fixedly embedded on both sides of the inner wall of the U-shaped block (66). A second bearing (68) is fixedly sleeved on the wall of the crossbar (67). Ventilation holes (69) are opened on both sides of the outer wall of the hollow cylinder (61).

7. The laser detection device for the verticality of high bridge piers according to claim 6, characterized in that, The tilting reference positioning mechanism (7) includes an L-shaped frame (71) fixedly connected to the outer wall of the hollow cylinder (61). A hinged ball head (72) is fixedly connected to the lower surface of the horizontal part of the L-shaped frame (71). A reference rod (73) is fixedly connected to the connecting handle end of the hinged ball head (72). A pointed counterweight positioning cone (74) is fixedly connected to the bottom end of the reference rod (73). A second control ring (75) is movably sleeved on the rod wall of the reference rod (73). A plurality of second universal balls (76) arranged in a ring are fixedly connected to the inner wall of the second control ring (75). The ball ends of the plurality of second universal balls (76) are rolledly connected to the rod wall of the reference rod (73). The outer wall of one of the second bearings (68) is fixedly connected to the outer wall of the second control ring (75), and the outer wall of the other second bearing (68) is fixedly connected to the outer wall of the first control ring (46).

8. The laser detection device for the verticality of high bridge piers according to claim 1, characterized in that, The limiting mechanism (8) includes an electric push rod (81) fixedly connected to the upper surface of the horizontal part of the L-shaped positioning base plate (1). The moving end of the electric push rod (81) is fixedly connected to a positioning block (82), and the outer wall of the positioning block (82) is fixedly connected to an anti-slip rubber block (83).

9. A laser detection device for the verticality of high bridge piers according to claim 1, characterized in that, The control mechanism (9) includes a U-shaped cover (91), an tilt sensor (92) and a PLC controller (93) fixedly connected to the upper surface of the horizontal part of the L-shaped positioning base plate (1). A U-shaped handle (94) and a control switch (95) are fixedly connected to the upper surface of the U-shaped cover (91). An audible and visual alarm (96) is fixedly embedded at the top of the U-shaped cover (91).

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