An underwater vibration sensing device and visual sensing method based on high-adhesion super-gas- repellent surface and bubbles

Abstract

The application discloses an underwater vibration sensing device based on a high-adhesion super-gas-avoiding surface and a bubble, and an underwater vibration visual sensing method. The vibration sensing device comprises a laser light source system, a bubble vibration sensing system, an optical imaging screen and a lifting platform, and is realized passivation by taking the bubble as a sensing element; the preparation of the high-adhesion super-gas-avoiding surface with a large contact angle and high adhesion is realized by adopting a method of light curing 3D printing combined with post-surface treatment, so as to improve the sensitivity of the bubble to vibration response; the deformation of the bubble under vibration driving is converted into a visual light track pattern by using the refraction effect of the gas-liquid interface on the light path, so as to realize instant and visual output of the vibration signal.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the fields of underwater vibration sensing, interface wetting, physical optics, and additive manufacturing, and specifically to an underwater vibration sensing device and its visualization sensing method based on a highly adhesive superhydrophobic surface. Background Technology

[0002] Underwater vibration detection plays a significant role and has wide applications in industrial equipment monitoring, marine engineering and exploration, marine biological monitoring, military and security fields. Underwater vibration sensors are devices that convert physical vibrations such as water flow, mechanical vibration or acoustic vibration into transmittable signals. Currently, the sensors used for underwater vibration monitoring mainly include piezoelectric and fiber optic types. Piezoelectric underwater vibration sensors are based on the piezoelectric effect of piezoelectric crystals, converting vibrations into electrical signals. They are suitable for measuring acceleration and frequency and have the advantages of high sensitivity and wide frequency response. Their disadvantages are reflected in two aspects: (1) They are sensitive to ambient temperature. The dielectric constant and piezoelectric coefficient of the piezoelectric material drift with changes in water temperature, which can lead to zero-point drift and sensitivity fluctuations, affecting long-term monitoring accuracy; (2) The signal is weak and easily interfered with. Its output is a high-impedance charge signal. Long underwater cable transmission can easily introduce noise, and the requirements for shielding and grounding are extremely high. Chinese patent CN116046029B invented a temperature drift compensation structure and method for a piezoelectric mechanical sensor, which achieves temperature drift compensation by partitioning the piezoelectric element and utilizing the difference in thermal expansion coefficients of different materials. However, this method increases the difficulty and cost of the manufacturing process and requires high accuracy of the material's thermal expansion coefficient. Chinese patent CN223400469U invented an underwater vibration acceleration sensor resistant to water pressure and underwater electromagnetic interference; however, it requires multiple layers of shielding components and insulation layers, making its structure relatively complex. Fiber optic underwater vibration sensors convert mechanical vibration or underwater acoustic vibration into optical signals through highly sensitive optical coherent detection, which are then transmitted via optical fiber to a signal processing system to extract vibration information. It features high sensitivity, strong resistance to electromagnetic interference and signal crosstalk, and strong anti-interference capability due to the conversion into optical signal changes, making it suitable for long-distance and deep-sea environments. Unfortunately, it still has the following disadvantages: (1) It is highly sensitive to the environment. The optical fiber is extremely sensitive to temperature changes, and the fluctuation of ambient temperature is prone to phase noise; (2) The system is complex and expensive. The main components include unbalanced interferometers, high-precision lasers, photodetectors, etc., which results in large equipment size and high price; (3) It has insufficient low-frequency response. It is not sensitive to low-frequency sound signals and is easily affected by noise and DC drift interference. Invention patent CN114459646B uses a circular ring structure with diameter pressure to achieve temperature self-compensation while improving strain response sensitivity; Invention patent CN107345833B invented a longitudinal vibration type interferometric vibration isolation pressure-bearing optical fiber hydrophone, which uses vibration isolators and motion compensators to isolate the interference vibration of external equipment, thereby significantly improving the detection performance; Invention patent CN114509577B integrates multiple sensing functions into one optical fiber by imitating the sideline function of fish, so as to realize the perception of multiple parameters such as water flow, water pressure, and underwater sound. While these inventions have solved some of the problems with fiber optic sensors, they may also present issues such as complex structure, high cost, and difficulty in signal processing.

[0003] Underwater bubbles, due to their low density, are easily deformed by forces or vibrations in water, making them a natural underwater vibration sensor. Related studies (Vejrazka et al., Chemical Engineering Science, 2014, 116:359; Ding1 et al., Journal of Fluid Mechanics, 2022, 945: A24; Guan et al., Nature Communications, 2025, 16(1): 1572) show that bubbles undergo periodic radius changes (expansion-contraction) under the action of external vibration fields or sound waves. When the driving frequency approaches the bubble's natural frequency, resonance occurs, and the amplitude increases significantly. At the same time, using bubbles as underwater vibration sensing units has advantages such as corrosion resistance and low cost. However, there are the following problems with using bubbles as vibration sensing units: (1) Gas-solid contact problem. As a sensing unit, bubbles need to be fixed on a specific solid surface. Due to the limitations of gas-solid wetting characteristics, the contact angle of bubbles on traditional solid surfaces is less than 140 degrees, and the gas-solid contact area is large, which reduces the sensing sensitivity of bubbles. Underwater superhydrophobic solid interfaces have underwater bubbles with a contact angle greater than or equal to 150 degrees on their surface, are approximately spherical, and have good vibration sensing capabilities. Unfortunately, the adhesion of traditional bubbles to underwater superhydrophobic solid interfaces is extremely low, and bubbles cannot be effectively fixed on their surface and are very easy to drift away. For example, the study by Yong et al. (ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces, 2017, 9(45): 3986) showed that the roll-off angle of bubbles on superhydrophobic surfaces is only 4.5±1°, and the study by Liu et al. (Virtual and Physical Prototyping, 2024, 19(1), e2359005) showed that the adhesion force between bubbles and superhydrophobic surfaces is only 10.2 ± 3.1 μN. Superhydrophobic bubbles and current technology cannot simultaneously achieve a large contact angle (greater than or equal to 150 degrees) and high adhesion of bubbles on solid interfaces; (2) How to convert bubble deformation caused by vibration into photoelectric signals. The traditional method is to use photoelectric devices such as photodiodes and transistors for photoelectric effect. For example, Chinese patent CN100507602C involves emitting a laser towards the water surface and receiving the reflected light modulated by an underwater acoustic signal. The underwater acoustic signal is then received and demodulated by a photodetector. However, photoelectric devices have drawbacks: the output signal is weak, highly temperature-sensitive, and the electrical signal requires complex computational processing to be recognized. Currently, no intuitive and visual method for outputting vibration signals has been reported.

[0004] Currently, no real-time, visualized, and low-cost underwater vibration detection device utilizing bubbles has been reported. This invention proposes an underwater vibration sensing device and visualization method based on a highly adhesive superhydrophobic surface and bubbles. It employs photopolymerization 3D printing combined with post-surface treatment to fabricate a highly adhesive superhydrophobic surface with a large contact angle and high adhesion. Utilizing the refraction effect of the gas-liquid interface on the optical path, the restricted motion and / or deformation of the bubble under vibration is transformed into a visualized light trail pattern, thereby achieving real-time, visualized output of the vibration signal. This sensing device is simple to assemble, low in cost, and can almost achieve passive, real-time, and visualized sensing of underwater vibration signals. Summary of the Invention

[0005] Addressing the shortcomings of traditional underwater vibration sensors, this invention aims to provide an underwater vibration sensing device and visualization method based on a highly adhesive superhydrophobic surface and air bubbles. This device is characterized by its passive operation, high sensitivity, and real-time visualization, enabling the identification of underwater vibration frequency, amplitude, and directional position. The device achieves passivity by using air bubbles as the sensing element; it employs photopolymerization 3D printing combined with post-surface treatment to fabricate a highly adhesive superhydrophobic surface with a large contact angle and high adhesion, thereby improving the sensitivity of the air bubble to vibration response; and it utilizes the refraction effect of the gas-liquid interface on the light path to transform the deformation of the air bubble under vibration into a visualized light trail pattern, thus achieving real-time, visualized output of the vibration signal.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention employs the following technical solution: An underwater vibration sensing device based on a highly adhesive superhydrophobic surface and bubbles, characterized in that the main components of the device mainly include: a laser light source system, a bubble vibration sensing system, an optical imaging screen, and a lifting platform; The high-adhesion superhydrophobic surface effect is characterized by: an underwater bubble contact angle >150°, an underwater bubble roll-off angle of 180°, and a bubble volume of 1~100 μL; the component with the high-adhesion superhydrophobic effect is a bubble vibration sensing system. The laser source system, used to form an incident laser beam path, includes a first rectangular hollow sealed housing, a small semiconductor laser, a position adjustment bracket, and a power supply module. The first rectangular hollow sealed housing can be made of acrylic, glass, or quartz to provide waterproof and sealed protection for the small semiconductor laser. The small semiconductor laser is disposed within the first rectangular hollow sealed housing, emitting a wavelength range of 380~780 nm and an output power range of 1 mW~5 W. The position adjustment bracket is used to fix the small semiconductor laser and can adjust its position along the X, Y, and Z axes. The power supply module can be a portable power source to provide power to the small semiconductor laser. The bubble vibration sensing system is used to receive and transmit underwater vibration signals. It is placed on the lifting platform between the laser source system and the optical imaging screen, and allows the laser emitted by the small semiconductor laser to pass through the bubble to form a bubble optical path. The bubble vibration sensing system includes a second cuboid hollow sealed shell, a bubble three-dimensional positioning device, a bubble, an aqueous solution, and a bubble optical path. The second cuboid hollow sealed shell can be made of acrylic, glass, or quartz material, and contains an aqueous solution. The bubble three-dimensional positioning device is used to support the bubble and adjust its position in the X, Y, and Z axes. The bubble is located on the upper surface of a threaded lifting bubble platform with high adhesion and superhydrophobic effect within the bubble three-dimensional positioning device. Under the action of the underwater vibration signal, the bubble in the bubble vibration sensing system will undergo restricted movement and / or deformation, thereby causing dynamic changes in the laser optical path passing through the bubble. The optical imaging screen is used to receive and display the dynamic light trail pattern formed after passing through the bubble vibration sensing system; the optical imaging screen can be an opaque plate to improve the imaging contrast of the light trail pattern; the optical imaging screen is set inside the second cuboid hollow sealed shell at the outgoing light path, and the distance between the optical imaging screen and the bubble in the bubble vibration sensing system is 5~100 cm. The lifting platform is used to support the bubble vibration sensing system and adjust the overall height of the bubble vibration sensing system.

[0007] Optionally, the small semiconductor laser can be replaced with at least one of a collimated light source, a light-emitting diode, or a pulsed light source.

[0008] Optionally, the optical imaging screen can be replaced with at least one of a common light screen, a diffuse reflection screen, a CCD image sensor, a CMOS image sensor, or a photodetector.

[0009] The bubble three-dimensional positioning device in the bubble vibration sensing system can be manufactured using 3D printing, specifically including: a threaded lifting bubble platform, a rotating nut fixing post, and a positioning hole plate. It is understood that the bubble three-dimensional positioning device is not limited to being manufactured using 3D printing; it can also be manufactured using injection molding, compression molding, laser cutting, milling, or other processing methods capable of forming the corresponding structure. These three components are interconnected and assembled into a single unit through a threaded mating structure and / or a concave-convex interlocking structure, and fixed to the bottom of the second cuboid hollow sealed shell. The bubble is injected onto the upper surface of the threaded lifting bubble platform. The threaded lifting bubble platform and the rotating nut fixing post cooperate to adjust the Z-axis height position of the bubble, while the positioning hole plate and the rotating nut fixing post cooperate to adjust the X-axis and Y-axis positions of the bubble and the bubble platform. Each threaded lifting bubble platform contains a single bubble. The number of threaded lifting bubble platforms and bubbles used for underwater sensing can be single or multiple, and their position and height are adjustable, ensuring that the laser emitted by the laser can pass through the bubble.

[0010] The upper surface of the threaded lifting bubble stage in the bubble three-dimensional positioning device exhibits high adhesion and superhydrophobicity. The specific preparation method is as follows: A photopolymerization 3D printer is used to perform three-dimensional curing of photosensitive resin. The surface is then immersed and cleaned with anhydrous ethanol or 95% ethanol, followed by UV post-curing. The printed sample is then placed in a hot alkaline solution for surface treatment. The alkaline types include strong bases such as sodium hydroxide and potassium hydroxide, with a concentration of 0.1–10 mol / L. The water bath heating temperature is 40–95°C, and the heating time is 0.5–3 hours. After alkaline treatment, the surface is rinsed with deionized water to remove residual liquid and then fully immersed for 5–10 hours. Finally, the surface is dried in an oven at 40–90°C to obtain the threaded lifting bubble stage with high adhesion and superhydrophobicity.

[0011] Alternatively, the surface treatment solution may also be an acid solution, an enzyme solution, or the like.

[0012] The gas in the bubble vibration sensing system is one or more of the following gases: air, oxygen, nitrogen, argon, etc., and the volume of the formed bubble is 1~100 μL; the number of the bubble and the threaded lifting bubble stage can be one or more.

[0013] The aqueous solution in the bubble vibration sensing system can be one or more of the following: tap water, deionized water, distilled water, mineral water, ultrapure water, seawater, river water, acid solution, alkaline solution, and salt solution.

[0014] The bubble optical path in the bubble vibration sensing system can be modulated. By adjusting the position of the bubble in the X, Y, and Z axes, the deflection angle of the emitted light path in the X, Y, and Z axes can be adjusted. By adjusting the number of bubbles, the number of segments of the bubble optical path propagation path can be adjusted, thereby realizing the modulation of single-stage and / or multi-stage bubble optical paths.

[0015] The underwater vibration signal identification information includes: underwater vibration frequency, vibration amplitude, and vibration source direction, etc.

[0016] The underwater vibration detection targets include targets or events that generate, propagate, or transmit vibration signals into the water body. These targets or events include at least one of the following: aquatic biological activity and calls, ship or vessel navigation, seabed geological activity, underwater engineering activities, underwater equipment operation, and artificial sound sources. Specifically, aquatic biological activity and calls can include the swimming or calls of schools of fish or marine mammals; ship or vessel navigation can include ship navigation, propeller rotation, or engine operation; underwater engineering activities can include underwater welding, underwater drilling, subsea pipeline laying, and subsea tunnel construction; underwater equipment operation can include underwater submarine operation, underwater robot operation, underwater pump operation, and underwater communication equipment operation; seabed geological activity can include submarine earthquakes, submarine volcanic eruptions, submarine landslides, or fault activity; and artificial sound source events can include underwater music, underwater broadcasting, and acoustic communication signals. When the vibration signals generated by these activities act on the bubble vibration sensing system, they cause dynamic refraction of the laser light path passing through the bubble, forming a changing light trail pattern on the optical imaging screen. By analyzing the changes in this pattern, underwater vibration information of the target can be obtained.

[0017] The present invention also claims a method for visualizing underwater vibration sensing, using an underwater vibration sensing device based on a highly adhesive superhydrophobic surface and a bubble, specifically as follows: continuous vibration excitation is applied to the bubble connected to the optical path, and by utilizing the refraction effect of the gas-liquid interface on the optical path, the bubble can convert the restricted motion and / or deformation under vibration into a dynamic refracted optical path, thereby forming an instantaneously visualized optical track pattern on the optical imaging screen, so as to realize the instantaneous and visualized output of underwater vibration signals.

[0018] This invention also claims protection for the design and fabrication of a three-dimensional bubble positioning device, a method for preparing a highly adhesive superhydrophobic surface, a method for constructing and modulating a bubble optical path, a method for driving the restricted movement and / or deformation of bubbles, a method for forming and modulating dynamic optical track patterns, a method for visualizing and sensing underwater vibrations based on bubble optical paths, and a method for detecting the direction / or orientation of underwater vibrations based on asymmetric bubble arrangement. Specifically, it includes: Design and fabrication of a three-dimensional bubble positioning device: The three-dimensional bubble positioning device of this invention comprises a threaded lifting bubble platform, a rotating nut fixing column, and a positioning hole plate. It is designed using software such as SolidWorks and C4D and formed using photopolymerization 3D printing technology. The threaded lifting bubble platform has a diameter of 0.1~20 mm and is used to support underwater bubbles. The threaded lifting bubble platform and the rotating nut fixing column are fitted together by a threaded nut structure to adjust the position of the bubble in the Z-axis direction. The positioning hole plate and the rotating nut are fitted together by a concave-convex interlocking structure to adjust the position of the bubble in the X and Y-axis directions. These three components can be interconnected and assembled into a single unit through threaded fit structures and / or concave-convex interlocking structures.

[0019] Preparation method of high-adhesion superhydrophobic surface: A photopolymerization 3D printer is used to solidify photosensitive resin into a three-dimensional shape. The surface is then immersed and cleaned with anhydrous ethanol or 95% ethanol, followed by UV post-curing. The printed sample is then placed in a hot alkaline solution for surface treatment. The alkaline types include strong bases such as sodium hydroxide and potassium hydroxide, with a concentration of 0.1–10 mol / L. The water bath heating temperature is 40–95℃, and the heating time is 0.5–3 h. After alkaline treatment, the surface is rinsed with deionized water to remove residual liquid and then fully immersed for 5–10 hours. Finally, it is dried in an oven at 40–90℃ to obtain a threaded lifting bubble stage with high adhesion and superhydrophobic effect. Method for constructing and modulating the bubble optical path: One or more threaded lifting bubble stages in the bubble three-dimensional positioning device are respectively engaged with rotating nut fixing posts, and the rotating nut fixing posts are engaged with positioning hole plates. One or more bubbles are injected onto the upper surface of the corresponding threaded lifting bubble stage using a micro-injector, wherein the bubbles and threaded lifting bubble stages are arranged in a one-to-one correspondence. The small semiconductor laser of the laser source system is turned on, and the incident laser is passed through the bubble to construct the bubble optical path. By adjusting the positioning position of the rotating nut fixing post on the positioning hole plate and the injection position of the bubble on the threaded lifting bubble stage, the position of the bubble in the X-axis and Y-axis directions can be adjusted, thereby modulating the deflection angle of the bubble's emitted optical path in the X-axis and Y-axis directions. By rotating the threaded lifting bubble stage counterclockwise or clockwise, the height position of the bubble in the Z-axis direction can be adjusted, thereby modulating the emission angle of the bubble's emitted optical path in the Z-axis direction. By adjusting the number of bubbles, the number of segments in the bubble optical path propagation path can be modulated, thereby achieving modulation of single-stage and / or multi-stage bubble optical paths.

[0020] Method for driving restricted motion and / or deformation of a bubble: The restricted motion and / or deformation of the bubble described in this invention is generated by a simulated vibration source; the simulated vibration source is set around the bubble in a non-contact manner, and by adjusting the vibration frequency, vibration amplitude, and placement position and orientation relative to the bubble, the bubble is driven to produce restricted motion and / or deformation of different forms, degrees, and directions.

[0021] A method for forming and modulating dynamic light trail patterns: By keeping the light path of the bubble in a connected state and driving the bubble to produce restricted motion and / or deformation through a simulated vibration source, the outgoing light path of the bubble can be dynamically deflected in the Z-axis direction or the X-Y-axis direction, thereby forming a dynamic light trail pattern on the optical imaging screen; the shape of the light trail pattern can be modulated by changing the vibration information emitted by the simulated vibration source (such as frequency, amplitude, vibration source direction, etc.); the position and size of the light trail pattern can be modulated by changing the size, number, position of the bubble, and the relative position of the screen and the bubble.

[0022] The underwater vibration visualization sensing method based on bubble optical path applies continuous vibration excitation to the bubble connected to the optical path. By utilizing the refraction effect of the gas-liquid interface on the optical path, the bubble can transform the restricted motion and / or deformation under vibration into a dynamic refracted optical path, thereby forming an instantaneously visualized optical track pattern on the optical imaging screen, so as to realize the instantaneous and visualized output of underwater vibration signals.

[0023] A method for identifying the direction / orientation of underwater vibration sources based on asymmetric bubble arrangement: This invention arranges multiple bubbles asymmetrically, causing underwater vibrations in different directions / orientations to induce different mechanical responses in the bubbles, which in turn manifest as different dynamic optical path patterns. By analyzing the changes in the optical path patterns, the direction / orientation of the vibration source can be identified.

[0024] The technical solution of the present invention has the following advantages: (1) This device uses bubbles as the sensing element, which can almost realize the passive identification of underwater vibration signals, thus eliminating the dependence on large and complex electronic equipment. Compared with traditional piezoelectric sensors that rely on continuous power supply, this device requires almost no electronic equipment support, eliminating the risks of electromagnetic interference, leakage current and water ingress failure of electronic components; compared with traditional fiber optic sensors, this device does not require complex and precise photoelectric demodulation equipment. (2) This device also has the ability to visualize underwater vibration signals in real time. Traditional piezoelectric sensors or fiber optic sensors require extraction, demodulation and analysis of the captured vibration signals before vibration information can be obtained indirectly. This device can directly convert underwater vibration into optical signals and image them on a screen, obtaining underwater vibration information in real time without complicated analysis methods; (3) This device has extremely high sensitivity, especially in the low-frequency range. Traditional piezoelectric sensors and fiber optic sensors are affected by underwater environment and noise interference, which leads to a decrease in sensitivity, and both exhibit significant attenuation in the low-frequency range. This sensor, by utilizing the high sensitivity of the large contact angle bubble to vibration, can achieve highly sensitive identification of underwater vibration frequencies, and still performs excellently in the low-frequency range below 50 Hz; (4) This device has a simple structure and low cost. Traditional underwater vibration sensors require complex, multi-level signal identification and sensing devices such as underwater cables, signal amplifiers, and photodetectors, which require extremely high construction and maintenance costs. However, the core components of this device are only a simple semiconductor laser and a bubble, thus avoiding dependence on large electronic devices and expensive components, greatly simplifying the device structure and reducing the device cost. Attached Figure Description

[0025] To more clearly illustrate the specific embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the specific embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained from these drawings without creative effort.

[0026] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the underwater vibration sensing device of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the laser source system in the underwater vibration sensing device of the present invention; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the bubble vibration sensing system in the underwater vibration sensing device of the present invention; Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the bubble three-dimensional positioning device in the underwater vibration sensing device of the present invention; In the diagram: Ⅰ-Laser source system, Ⅱ-Bubble vibration sensing system, Ⅲ-Optical imaging screen, Ⅳ-Lifting platform, 1-First rectangular hollow sealed shell, 2-Small semiconductor laser, 3-Position adjustment bracket, 4-Power supply module, 5-Second rectangular hollow sealed shell, 6-Bubble three-dimensional positioning device, 7-Bubble, 8-Aqueous solution, 9-Bubble optical path, 10-Threaded lifting bubble platform, 11-Rotating nut fixing column, 12-Positioning plate Figure 5 The following are images showing the surface wetting effect of the high-adhesion superhydrophobic sample of the present invention: (a) Photograph of the contact angle of the bubble on the high-adhesion superhydrophobic surface, with a contact angle of 157°; (b) Photograph of the rolling angle of the bubble on the high-adhesion superhydrophobic surface, with a rolling angle of 180°; (c) Photograph of the actual effect of the bubble on the surface of the high-adhesion superhydrophobic threaded lifting bubble stage. Figure 6 The diagrams show the construction and modulation effects of the bubble optical path in the underwater vibration sensing device of the present invention; (a) Modulation effect of a single-stage bubble optical path; (b) Modulation effect of a multi-stage bubble optical path. Figure 7 The diagram shows the response results of the underwater vibration sensing device of the present invention to different vibration frequencies. Figure 8 This is a diagram showing the response results of the underwater vibration sensing device of the present invention to different vibration amplitudes; Figure 9 This is a diagram showing the response results of the underwater vibration sensing device of the present invention to different vibration source directions / orientations; Figure 10 This is a diagram showing the response of the underwater vibration sensing device of the present invention to underwater music. Detailed Implementation

[0027] The technical solution of the present invention will now be clearly and completely described with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described experimental examples are only a part of the experimental examples of the present invention, and not all of them. Based on the experimental examples in the present invention, all other experimental examples obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0028] Example 1: Specific operating procedures for underwater vibration sensing devices based on highly adhesive superhydrophobic surfaces and air bubbles.

[0029] The underwater vibration sensing device used in this experiment is described in [reference needed]. Figure 1 As shown, it includes: laser light source system I, bubble vibration sensing system II, optical imaging screen III, and lifting platform IV.

[0030] Laser source system I (see) Figure 2 As shown, it includes a first rectangular hollow sealed shell 1, a small semiconductor laser 2, a position adjustment bracket 3, and a power supply module 4.

[0031] See Bubble Vibration Sensing System II Figure 3 As shown, it includes a second rectangular hollow sealed shell 5, a bubble three-dimensional positioning device 6, a bubble 7, an aqueous solution 8, and a bubble optical path 9.

[0032] Bubble three-dimensional positioning device 6 (see) Figure 4 As shown, it includes a threaded lifting bubble stage 10, a rotating nut fixing column 11, and a positioning hole plate 12.

[0033] The principle of this embodiment is as follows: by utilizing the refraction effect of the gas-liquid interface on the light path, the restricted motion and / or deformation of the bubble under vibration drive is transformed into a visual light track pattern, thereby realizing the real-time and visual output of the vibration signal.

[0034] 1) Construction of the bubble optical path: a. Pour aqueous solution 8 into the second cuboid hollow sealed shell 5 of the bubble vibration sensing system II; b. Connect one or more threaded lifting bubble platforms 10 in the bubble three-dimensional positioning device 6 to the rotating nut fixing column 11, and the rotating nut fixing column 11 to the positioning hole plate 12; c. Inject one or more bubbles 7 onto the upper surface of the corresponding threaded lifting bubble platform 10 using a micro-syringe, wherein the bubbles 7 and the threaded lifting bubble platform 10 are set in a one-to-one correspondence; d. Adjust the position of the bubbles 7 using the lifting platform IV and the bubble three-dimensional positioning device 6; e. Turn on the small semiconductor laser 2 in the laser source system I, so that the emitted laser passes through one or more bubbles in sequence to form the bubble optical path 9, and forms a light spot on the optical imaging screen III; 2) Vibration excitation stimulation: a. Adjust the simulated vibration source to be located around bubble 7; b. Connect the simulated vibration source to the mobile device via Bluetooth, play audio, and simulate underwater vibration excitation; c. Use the simulated vibration source to emit different vibration excitations to cause restricted motion and / or deformation of bubble 7; 3) Formation and analysis of light trail patterns: a. Bubble 7 generates continuous restricted motion and / or deformation under vibration excitation, thereby converting the static light path into a dynamic light path and forming an instantaneous and visualized dynamic light trail pattern on the optical imaging screen III, completing the sound-to-light conversion; b. Preliminary real-time analysis of the light trail pattern can obtain preliminary vibration information; c. The light trail pattern of a specific vibration signal is electronically recorded using an image acquisition unit; d. Further analysis of the acquired light trail pattern can yield more accurate vibration information. Example 2:

[0035] Modulation of the bubble optical path is achieved using an underwater vibration sensing device based on a highly adhesive superhydrophobic surface and a bubble.

[0036] The working principle of this embodiment is as follows: the position of the small semiconductor laser is fixed, and the offset of the incident light path relative to the center of the bubble can be changed by adjusting the coordinate position of the bubble in the X, Y and Z axis directions. The deflection angle of the outgoing light path in different directions is adjusted by using the principle of refraction / total reflection, thereby achieving modulation of the bubble light path.

[0037] 1) Modulation method of bubble optical path: a. Construct bubble optical path 9; b. By adjusting the positioning position of rotating nut fixing column 11 on positioning hole plate 12 and adjusting the injection position of bubble 7 on threaded lifting bubble stage 10, the position of bubble 7 in the X-axis and Y-axis directions can be adjusted, thereby modulating the emission angle of bubble emission optical path in the X-axis and Y-axis directions; c. By rotating the threaded lifting bubble stage 10 counterclockwise or clockwise, the height position of bubble 7 in the Z-axis direction can be adjusted, thereby modulating the emission angle of bubble emission optical path in the Z-axis direction; d. By increasing or decreasing the number of bubbles 7 and corresponding threaded lifting bubble stages 10, the number of segments of the propagation path of bubble optical path 9 can be modulated, thereby realizing the modulation of single-stage and / or multi-stage bubble optical paths.

[0038] 2) Modulation effect of bubble optical path: (1) Modulation effect of single-stage bubble optical path: Rotating the screw-lift bubble stage clockwise can reduce the height of the bubble in the Z-axis direction, modulating the outgoing light path of the bubble to deflect in the Z-axis direction; (2) Modulation effect of multi-stage bubble optical path: Increasing the number of bubbles and corresponding screw-lift bubble stages and adjusting the position of the bubble in the X-axis direction, Y-axis direction and Z-axis direction to change the direction of the bubble optical path, realizing multi-stage and multi-directional modulation of the bubble optical path. Example 3:

[0039] An underwater vibration sensing device based on a highly adhesive superhydrophobic surface and air bubbles can respond to underwater vibration frequency signals.

[0040] The principle of this embodiment is as follows: changes in vibration frequency cause a transformation in the restricted motion / deformation mode of the bubble, resulting in different dynamic changes in the bubble's optical path, thereby forming different shapes of light trail patterns on the optical imaging screen. 1) Vibration frequency modulation method: a. Fix the amplitude parameter (volume) of the simulated vibration source to 70%; b. Use the simulated vibration source to generate vibration excitation with a frequency range of 15~400 Hz; c. Observe and record the light trail pattern on the optical imaging screen III. 2) Vibration frequency identification results: As the vibration frequency changes, the light trail pattern formed on the optical imaging screen III changes in size and shape, proving that this vibration sensing device has the ability to distinguish and identify frequencies. Example 4:

[0041] An underwater vibration sensing device based on a highly adhesive superhydrophobic surface and air bubbles can respond to underwater vibration amplitude signals.

[0042] The principle of this embodiment is as follows: changes in the amplitude driven by the sound source will change the degree of restricted movement / deformation of the bubble, thereby forming light trail patterns of different sizes on the optical imaging screen. 1) Vibration amplitude modulation method: a. Fix the frequency parameter of the simulated vibration source to 25 Hz, b. Use the simulated vibration source to generate vibration excitation with an amplitude (volume) range of 0-100%; 2) Vibration amplitude recognition results: As the vibration amplitude increases, the light trail pattern on the optical imaging screen gradually evolves from a single light spot into a pattern with a clear structure and shape. Its overall size and morphological complexity are significantly improved, proving that this vibration sensing device has the function of vibration amplitude recognition. Example 5:

[0043] An underwater vibration sensing device based on a highly adhesive superhydrophobic surface and air bubbles can respond to underwater vibration signals of different directions / orientations.

[0044] The principle of this embodiment is: by arranging multiple bubbles asymmetrically, underwater vibrations in different directions / orientations cause different mechanical responses in the multiple bubbles, which in turn manifest as different dynamic optical path and light trail patterns of the bubbles. 1) Vibration direction / orientation setting: a. Set the frequency parameter in the audio generator to 35 Hz and the volume to 70%; b. Adjust the placement of the simulated vibration source to achieve different vibration source directions / orientations; The different directions / orientations are: the simulated vibration source is oriented towards the bubble and is located in four different directions / orientations: upper left, upper right, upper front, and upper back of the bubble.

[0045] 2) Vibration direction / orientation identification results: The light track patterns under four different directions / orientations show significant differences. When the vibration source is located in the upper left / upper right direction / orientation, the light track pattern exhibits symmetrical lateral changes. When the vibration source is located in the upper front / upper back direction / orientation, the lateral changes are relatively weak. The results show that even under completely symmetrical placement conditions (upper left and upper right, upper front and upper back), the corresponding light track patterns still have significant differences, indicating that this vibration sensing device has a high resolution capability for spatial position changes of the sound source vibration. Example 6:

[0046] Underwater vibration sensing devices based on highly adhesive superhydrophobic surfaces and air bubbles achieve response to underwater music.

[0047] The principle of this embodiment is as follows: the rhythm and melody of music have different vibration frequencies, vibration amplitudes, and other information. Changes in the rhythm and melody of the music will cause changes in the restricted motion / deformation of the bubbles, thereby forming different light trail patterns. 1) Playing underwater music: a. Pre-record music for simulated playback b. Play specific underwater music using a simulated vibration source.

[0048] The underwater music in Embodiment 5 is "Minuet in G Major".

[0049] 2) Response results to underwater music: As the music is played, the light trail pattern on the optical imaging screen changes with the rhythm and melody of the music, presenting different pattern characteristics, proving that this vibration sensing device has underwater music response capability and can be used to identify information such as notes.

[0050] Obviously, the above experimental examples are merely illustrative and not intended to limit the implementation. Those skilled in the art will recognize that various variations and modifications can be made based on the above description. It is neither necessary nor possible to exhaustively list all possible implementations. However, obvious variations and modifications derived therefrom remain within the scope of this invention.

Claims

1. An underwater vibration sensing device based on a highly adhesive superhydrophobic surface and air bubbles, characterized in that, The vibration sensing device includes a laser light source system, a bubble vibration sensing system, an optical imaging screen, and a lifting platform; The laser source system is used to form the incident laser optical path; The bubble vibration sensing system is used to receive and transmit underwater vibration signals. It is placed on the lifting platform between the laser light source system and the optical imaging screen, and the laser light path passes through the bubble to form a bubble light path. The bubble vibration sensing system includes a bubble three-dimensional positioning device, a bubble, an aqueous solution, and a bubble light path. The optical imaging screen is used to receive and display the dynamic light trail pattern formed after passing through the bubble vibration sensing system. The lifting platform is used to support the bubble vibration sensing system and adjust the overall height of the bubble vibration sensing system.

2. The underwater vibration sensing device based on a highly adhesive superhydrophobic surface and air bubbles according to claim 1, characterized in that, The bubble three-dimensional positioning device is used to carry the bubble and adjust its position in the X, Y and Z axis directions; the bubble is located on the upper surface of the threaded lifting bubble stage with high adhesion and superhydrophobic effect in the bubble three-dimensional positioning device. Under the influence of underwater vibration signals, the bubbles in the bubble vibration sensing system undergo restricted motion and / or deformation, thereby causing dynamic changes in the outgoing light path passing through the bubbles.

3. The underwater vibration sensing device based on a highly adhesive superhydrophobic surface and air bubbles according to claim 1, characterized in that, The optical imaging screen is an opaque plate used to improve the imaging contrast of the light trail pattern; the optical imaging screen is located inside the second cuboid hollow sealed shell at the outgoing light path, and the distance between the optical imaging screen and the bubble in the bubble vibration sensing system is 5~100 cm.

4. An underwater vibration visualization sensing method, using an underwater vibration sensing device based on a highly adhesive superhydrophobic surface and bubbles as described in any one of claims 1-3, specifically as follows: Continuous vibration excitation is applied to asymmetrically arranged bubbles connected to the optical path. Utilizing the refraction effect of the gas-liquid interface on the optical path, the bubbles can transform the restricted motion and / or deformation under vibration into a dynamic refracted optical path, thereby forming an instantaneously visualized optical track pattern on the optical imaging screen, so as to achieve instantaneous and visualized output of underwater vibration signals.

5. The underwater vibration visualization sensing method according to claim 4, characterized in that, The upper surface of the threaded lifting bubble stage in the bubble three-dimensional positioning device has a high adhesion superhydrophobic effect. The characteristics of the high adhesion superhydrophobic surface effect are: the underwater bubble contact angle of the bubble on the surface is >150°, the underwater bubble roll-off angle is 180°, and the bubble volume is 1~100 μL. The high adhesion superhydrophobic effect is formed by sequentially cleaning the threaded lifting bubble stage after photopolymerization 3D printing with ethanol, post-curing with ultraviolet light, surface treatment with hot alkaline solution, cleaning and soaking with deionized water, and drying in an oven.

6. The underwater vibration visualization sensing method according to claim 4, characterized in that, The gas in the bubble vibration sensing system is one or more of air, oxygen, nitrogen, and argon, and the volume of the formed bubble is 1~100 μL; the number of the bubble and the threaded lifting bubble platform can be one or more; the bubble is arranged in an asymmetrical design, and by arranging multiple bubbles asymmetrically front and back, underwater vibration in different directions / orientations can cause different mechanical responses of multiple bubbles, which in turn manifests as different dynamic optical path patterns of the bubbles; by analyzing the changes in the optical path pattern, the direction / orientation of the vibration source can be identified.

7. The underwater vibration visualization sensing method according to claim 4, characterized in that, The method for constructing and modulating the bubble optical path is as follows: One or more bubbles are injected onto the upper surface of the corresponding threaded lifting bubble stage, which is engaged with the rotating nut fixing post, and the rotating nut fixing post is engaged with the positioning hole plate; the small semiconductor laser of the laser source system is turned on and the incident laser passes through the bubble, thus realizing the construction of the bubble optical path; by adjusting the positioning position of the rotating nut fixing post on the positioning hole plate and adjusting the injection position of the bubble on the threaded lifting bubble stage, the position of the bubble in the X-axis and Y-axis directions can be adjusted, thereby modulating the deflection angle of the bubble outgoing optical path in the X-axis and Y-axis directions; The height of the bubble in the Z-axis direction can be adjusted by rotating the threaded lifting bubble stage counterclockwise or clockwise, thereby modulating the deflection angle of the emitted light path in the Z-axis direction; the number of segments of the bubble light path propagation path can be modulated by adjusting the number of bubbles, thereby realizing the modulation of single-stage and / or multi-stage bubble light paths.

8. The underwater vibration visualization sensing method according to claim 4, characterized in that, The method for driving the restricted motion and / or deformation of the bubble in the bubble vibration sensing system is as follows: the restricted motion and / or deformation of the bubble is generated by a simulated vibration source; the simulated vibration source is set around the bubble in a non-contact manner, and by adjusting the vibration frequency, vibration amplitude, and placement position and orientation relative to the bubble, the bubble is driven to produce restricted motion and / or deformation of different forms, degrees, and directions.

9. The underwater vibration visualization sensing method according to claim 4, characterized in that, The method for forming and modulating the dynamic light trail pattern is as follows: keeping the bubble's optical path in a connected state, driving the bubble to generate restricted motion and / or deformation by simulating a vibration source, which can cause the outgoing light path of the bubble to dynamically deflect in the Z-axis direction or the X-Y-axis direction, thereby forming a dynamic light trail pattern on the optical imaging screen. The shape of the light trail pattern can be modulated by changing the vibration information emitted by the simulated vibration source; the position and size of the light trail pattern can be modulated by changing the size, number, position of the bubbles, and the relative position of the screen and the bubbles.

10. The underwater vibration visualization sensing method according to claim 4, characterized in that, The underwater vibration signal includes identification information such as underwater vibration frequency, vibration amplitude, and vibration source direction; the underwater vibration detection target includes targets or events that generate, propagate, or transmit vibration signals to the water body; the underwater vibration detection target or event includes at least one of aquatic biological activity and calls, ship or vessel navigation, seabed geological activity, underwater engineering activity, underwater equipment operation, and artificial sound sources.

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