Method and system for generating curved texture model for 3D printing lampshade

Abstract

The application discloses a curved surface texture model generation method and system for a 3D printing lampshade. The method comprises: acquiring a parameterized reference curved surface corresponding to a lampshade basic modeling, the parameterized reference curved surface being closed in a first parameter direction and having a second parameter direction intersecting the first parameter direction; determining a plurality of structure lines extending along the second parameter direction and arranged along the first parameter direction and a plurality of sampling points on each structure line based on a parameter domain of the parameterized reference curved surface; determining a sinusoidal control parameter according to the position of the structure line and / or the sampling point in the parameter domain, and determining the displacement amount of each sampling point along the normal direction of the parameterized reference curved surface according to the sinusoidal control parameter; generating a corresponding deformed structure line according to the plurality of sampling points after displacement, and generating a texture curved surface closed in the first parameter direction based on the plurality of deformed structure lines arranged along the first parameter direction; and generating a closed model for the 3D printing lampshade based on the texture curved surface.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of 3D printing technology, and in particular to a method and system for generating curved texture models for 3D printed lampshades, a 3D printed lampshade housing and its manufacturing method, computer equipment, computer-readable storage media, and computer program products. Background Technology

[0002] Traditional lampshades are typically manufactured using processes such as injection molding, blow molding, compression molding, sheet metal forming, glass heat treatment, or hand weaving. Limited by factors such as mold parting, demolding direction, accessibility of processing tools, material forming properties, and manufacturing costs, traditional manufacturing processes struggle to produce lampshades with both complex curved surfaces and personalized surface textures. For lampshades with continuous undulations, localized gradients, or multi-area differentiated textures, complex molds, subsequent engraving, splicing, or surface decoration processes are usually required, resulting in longer manufacturing cycles, higher costs, and hindering small-batch customization and rapid iteration.

[0003] With the development of additive manufacturing technology, a three-dimensional digital model of the lampshade can be created first, and then the lampshade can be formed layer by layer using 3D printing equipment, thereby reducing the dependence on traditional molds and processing techniques for complex shapes. Existing lampshade modeling methods usually include manually adjusting surface control points, drawing multiple shaping curves and then reconstructing the surface, attaching textures to the base surface, setting displacement maps, overlaying random functions, or directly adjusting mesh vertices.

[0004] However, for lampshade surfaces that are circumferentially closed and have complex curvature variations along the height direction, existing texture modeling methods struggle to balance texture continuity, regularity, and adjustability. When using 2D texture mapping, texture misalignment, breaks, or abrupt changes easily occur at surface seams. When manually drawing and adjusting multiple curves, changes to the amount of texture, undulation, arrangement, or local gradient effects typically require extensive repetitive editing, resulting in low modeling efficiency and difficulty in ensuring smooth transitions between different regions. Directly deforming discrete meshes can also lead to problems such as local folding, self-intersection, mesh distortion, or the inability to close the model, thus affecting subsequent slicing and 3D printing.

[0005] Therefore, the technical problem that the existing technology urgently needs to solve is how to improve the continuity, regularity and adjustability of the surface texture generation of complex curved lampshades, and to make the generated lampshade model have better surface quality and be conducive to improving printing quality, such as improving the light transmission uniformity of the lampshade. Summary of the Invention

[0006] In view of the shortcomings of the above-mentioned related technologies, the purpose of this application is to provide a method and system for generating curved surface texture models for 3D printed lampshades, a 3D printed lampshade housing and its manufacturing method, a computer device, a computer-readable storage medium, and a computer program product, to solve the problems in the prior art that it is difficult to generate continuous, regular and adjustable surface textures on complex curved lampshades, and it is difficult to take into account the surface quality, closure and printability of the generated model.

[0007] To achieve the above and other related objectives, the first aspect of this application provides a method for generating a surface texture model for 3D printing a lampshade, comprising the following steps: obtaining a parametric reference surface corresponding to the basic shape of the lampshade, wherein the parametric reference surface is closed in a first parameter direction and has a second parameter direction intersecting the first parameter direction; determining, based on the parameter domain of the parametric reference surface, multiple structural lines extending along the second parameter direction and arranged along the first parameter direction, and multiple sampling points on each of the structural lines; determining a sinusoidal control parameter according to the position of the structural lines and / or the sampling points in the parameter domain, and determining the displacement of each sampling point along the normal of the parametric reference surface according to the sinusoidal control parameter, wherein at least one of the sinusoidal control parameters changes with the position of the structural lines and / or the sampling points in the parameter domain, and the displacement changes along the corresponding structural line according to a sinusoidal law; generating corresponding deformation structural lines based on the multiple displacement sampling points, and generating a texture surface closed in the first parameter direction based on the multiple deformation structural lines arranged along the first parameter direction; and generating a closed model for 3D printing the lampshade based on the texture surface.

[0008] A second aspect of this application provides a surface texture model generation system for 3D printed lampshades, comprising: a reference surface acquisition module for acquiring a parametric reference surface corresponding to the basic shape of the lampshade, wherein the parametric reference surface is closed in a first parameter direction and has a second parameter direction intersecting the first parameter direction; a structure line determination module for determining, based on the parameter domain of the parametric reference surface, multiple structure lines extending along the second parameter direction and arranged along the first parameter direction, and multiple sampling points on each of the structure lines; and a sinusoidal deformation module for determining a sinusoidal control based on the position of the structure lines and / or the sampling points in the parameter domain. The system comprises: a parameter control module for determining the displacement of each sampling point along the normal of the parameterized reference surface based on the sinusoidal control parameter, wherein at least one of the sinusoidal control parameters varies with the position of the structure line and / or the sampling point in the parameter domain, and the displacement varies along the corresponding structure line according to a sinusoidal law; a texture surface generation module for generating corresponding deformation structure lines based on the multiple sampling points after displacement, and generating a closed texture surface in the direction of the first parameter based on the multiple deformation structure lines arranged along the direction of the first parameter; and a closed model generation module for generating a closed model for 3D printing the lampshade based on the texture surface.

[0009] A third aspect of this application provides a method for manufacturing a 3D-printed lampshade housing, comprising the following steps: obtaining a closed model for 3D printing a lampshade, the closed model including a textured surface closed in a first direction, the textured surface being defined by a plurality of deformation structure lines extending along a second direction intersecting the first direction and arranged along the first direction, the normal offset of each deformation structure line relative to a reference structure line corresponding to the basic shape of the lampshade varying sinusoidally along the second direction, and at least one sinusoidal control parameter controlling the normal offset varying with the position of the deformation structure line in the first direction and / or the position on the deformation structure line; slicing the closed model to obtain printing layer data; and controlling a 3D printing device to form a lampshade housing having the textured surface layer by layer according to the printing layer data.

[0010] The fourth aspect of this application provides a 3D printed lampshade housing, which is obtained by the manufacturing method of the 3D printed lampshade housing described in the third aspect of this application.

[0011] The fifth aspect of this application provides a computer device, including a memory and a processor, wherein the memory stores a computer program, and when the processor executes the computer program, it implements the surface texture model generation method described in the first aspect of this application.

[0012] The sixth aspect of this application provides a computer-readable storage medium storing a computer program, which, when executed by a processor, implements the surface texture model generation method described in the first aspect of this application.

[0013] The seventh aspect of this application provides a computer program product, including a computer program that, when executed by a processor, implements the surface texture model generation method described in the first aspect of this application.

[0014] In summary, the surface texture model generation method and system for 3D printed lampshades, the 3D printed lampshade shell and its manufacturing method, computer equipment, computer-readable storage medium, and computer program product provided in this application, by organizing multiple structure lines and their sampling points within the parameter domain of a parameterized reference surface, and adjusting the sinusoidal control parameters according to the positions of the structure lines and / or sampling points in the parameter domain, causes the sampling points to generate displacements along the normal of the parameterized reference surface according to a sinusoidal law. This enables the formation of continuous, rhythmic, and position-dependent undulating textures on the complex curved surface of the lampshade. Since the texture changes correspond to the parameter directions and structure line arrangement of the parameterized reference surface, the continuity and overall coordination of the texture in the circumferential and height directions of the lampshade can be well maintained, reducing the problems of seam misalignment, local abrupt changes, and texture discontinuities that easily occur when using two-dimensional texture mapping, manual curve splicing, or direct mesh deformation. Simultaneously, by adjusting the sinusoidal control parameters, the undulation amplitude, variation period, phase relationship, and local distribution law of the texture can be easily changed, thereby improving the adjustability and repeatability of complex curved surface lampshade texture modeling. Furthermore, generating circumferentially closed textured surfaces based on multiple deformation structure lines and forming a closed model is beneficial to improving the surface continuity, closure, and applicability of subsequent slicing processing of the model, thereby facilitating the acquisition of lampshade models suitable for 3D printing manufacturing. Attached Figure Description

[0015] The specific features involved in this application are shown in the appended claims. The features and advantages of the invention can be better understood by referring to the exemplary embodiments and accompanying drawings described in detail below. A brief description of the drawings is as follows:

[0016] Figure 1 The flowchart shown is a process for generating a surface texture model for 3D printed lampshades according to one embodiment of the present application.

[0017] Figure 2 The flowchart shown is a method for obtaining a parametric reference surface according to this application in one embodiment.

[0018] Figure 3 The flowchart shown is a method for determining the normal displacement of each sampling point in one embodiment of this application.

[0019] Figure 4 The flowchart shown is a method for generating closed models based on textured surfaces according to this application in one embodiment.

[0020] Figure 5a The diagram shown is an overall structural schematic of a curved texture model for 3D printing lampshades according to this application in one embodiment.

[0021] Figure 5b This diagram shows the overall structure of the basic shape and parameter orientation of the lampshade used to generate the 3D printed lampshade in this embodiment.

[0022] Figure 5c This is a partial cross-sectional view of the basic shape of the lampshade in this embodiment.

[0023] Figure 5d and Figure 5e The diagram shows cross-sectional views of the curved texture model used for 3D printing lampshades in this embodiment from different perspectives.

[0024] Figure 6 The diagram shown is a principle block diagram of the surface texture model generation system of this application in one embodiment.

[0025] Figure 7 The flowchart shown is a method for manufacturing a 3D-printed lampshade housing according to this application in one embodiment.

[0026] Figure 8 The image shown is a schematic diagram of the 3D-printed lampshade housing in the unlit state in this embodiment.

[0027] Figure 9 The image shown is a schematic diagram of the 3D-printed lampshade housing in the lit state in this embodiment.

[0028] Figure 10 The diagram shown is a structural block diagram of the computer device of this application in one embodiment. Detailed Implementation

[0029] The following specific embodiments illustrate the implementation of this application. Those skilled in the art can easily understand the advantages and technical effects of this application from the content disclosed in this specification. In the following description, some embodiments may refer to the accompanying drawings. It should be understood that other embodiments not shown in the drawings may also be used, and specific steps, modules or units, electrical and operational changes may be made without departing from the spirit and scope of this application. The detailed description below should not be considered limiting, and the scope of the embodiments of this application is limited only by the claims published in this application. The terminology used herein is for describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to limit this application.

[0030] As used herein, the terms "computer," "personal computer," and "computing device" refer to any programmable computer system known or to be developed in the future. In a preferred embodiment, the computer will be coupled to a network such as that described herein. The computer system may be configured with processor-executable software instructions to perform the processes described herein.

[0031] As used herein, the terms “component,” “module,” and “system” are intended to refer to a computer-related entity, whether that entity is hardware, a combination of hardware and software, software, or software in execution. For example, a component can be, but is not limited to, a process running on a processor, a processor, an object, an executable, a thread of execution, a program, and / or a computer. In the example, both an application running on a server and the server itself can be components. One or more components may reside within a process and / or a thread of execution, and components may be localized on a single computer and / or distributed across two or more computers.

[0032] As described in the background section, existing methods for texture modeling of complex curved lampshades typically employ two-dimensional texture mapping, manual adjustment of shape curves, displacement mapping, or direct movement of mesh vertices to create surface undulations. For lampshade surfaces that are circumferentially closed and have continuous curvature variations along the height direction, these methods struggle to simultaneously ensure texture continuity, regularity, and adjustability, easily leading to issues such as texture misalignment at seams, local abrupt changes, inconsistent transitions between different regions, and model self-intersection or closure failures.

[0033] The applicant further recognizes that the aforementioned problems lie not only in the texture morphology itself, but also in the failure of existing modeling methods to establish a stable correspondence between the parameter organization, texture distribution position, undulation variation law, and surface deformation direction of the lampshade's base surface. Based on this, this application proposes a method and system for generating surface texture models for 3D-printed lampshades, a 3D-printed lampshade shell and its manufacturing method, a computer device, a computer-readable storage medium, and a computer program product. This method involves organizing multiple structural lines and their sampling points within the parameter domain of a parameterized reference surface, adjusting sinusoidal control parameters according to the positions of the structural lines and / or sampling points in the parameter domain, and causing the sampling points to generate sinusoidal displacements along the normal of the parameterized reference surface, thereby forming a continuous, rhythmic, and position-dependent undulating texture, and further generating a closed lampshade model suitable for 3D printing.

[0034] To facilitate understanding of the technical solutions of this application, some of the technical terms used in this application are explained below. Unless the context explicitly specifies otherwise, the following terms should be understood in the following ways. The following explanation is used to clarify the various technical terms and their interrelationships, and should not be construed as limiting this application to any specific modeling software, program component, data structure, surface type, coordinate axis name, or model file format.

[0035] The "basic shape of the lampshade" as used in this application refers to the digital three-dimensional shape used to characterize the overall macroscopic outline of the lampshade before applying the undulating texture described in this application. The basic shape of the lampshade mainly defines the overall shape, size and spatial extension trend of the lampshade, and can be represented by subdivision surfaces, parametric surfaces, boundary representation surfaces, mesh surfaces or other geometric forms that can be converted into parametric surfaces.

[0036] The basic shape of the lampshade does not have to be a solid model with pre-defined wall thickness, nor does it have to be a final model that can be directly 3D printed.

[0037] The "parametric reference surface" referred to in this application is a surface that corresponds to the basic shape of the lampshade and whose position on the surface can be determined by two independent parameters. A parametric reference surface can be represented, for example, as:

[0038] ;

[0039] in, and For surface parameters, parameter pairs The corresponding surface position on the parametric reference surface.

[0040] The term "parameter domain" as used in this application refers to the range of parameter values ​​or the parameter coordinate space corresponding to the parameterized reference surface. The position of the structure line or sampling point in the parameter domain can be represented by the corresponding parameter value, the normalized parameter value, or a position identifier that has a definite correspondence with the parameter value.

[0041] Parametric reference surfaces can be obtained directly from the basic shape of the lampshade, or they can be obtained by transforming, reconstructing, fitting, or reparameterizing the basic shape of the lampshade.

[0042] The "first parameter direction" and "second parameter direction" referred to in this application are two independent directions of parameter variation for the parameterized reference surface. For example, in the case of... When representing a parametric reference surface, the parameters are fixed. And change the parameters The corresponding direction can be used as the first parameter direction, with fixed parameters. And change the parameters The corresponding direction can be used as the second parameter direction; or the two can be interchanged according to the actual parameter organization method of the lampshade's basic shape.

[0043] The intersection of the first and second parameter directions means that they are extensions of different parameters on the surface, and do not require that they be perpendicular to each other at any position on the surface.

[0044] The term "closed in the first parameter direction" for a parametric reference surface in this application means that the two parameter boundaries of the parametric reference surface in the first parameter direction correspond to each other or are periodically connected, so that continuous extension along the first parameter direction can return to the starting position. This closure usually corresponds to the circumferential closure of a lampshade, but it does not mean that the parametric reference surface has no boundaries in all directions, nor does it mean that it itself constitutes a closed entity.

[0045] The first and second parameter directions in this application are not required to be named "U direction" and "V direction" respectively.

[0046] The term "structure line" as used in this application refers to a curve located on or defined by the parameter domain of a parametric reference surface, used to carry out texture deformation calculations. Multiple structure lines extend along the direction of the second parameter and are arranged sequentially along the direction of the first parameter.

[0047] The structure line can be an isoparametric curve or other curves extracted, calculated or reconstructed according to a predetermined position in the parameter domain.

[0048] The term "isoparametric structure line" as used in this application refers to a curve formed by fixing one parameter of a parametric reference surface and varying another parameter. For example, fixing the first parameter... , so that the second parameter Changes can yield isoparametric structure lines:

[0049] ;

[0050] In the lampshade embodiment of this application, a single structural line is typically an open curve extending along the height direction of the lampshade; the circumferential closure of the lampshade is achieved by arranging multiple structural lines along the first parameter direction and generating a textured surface, without requiring each structural line to be closed on its own.

[0051] The “reference structural line” referred to in this application is a structural line that has not yet been subjected to a corresponding normal displacement and corresponds to the deformation structural line.

[0052] The term "sampling point" as used in this application refers to a discrete point set along or obtained from the structure line for calculating the surface normal and texture displacement.

[0053] The position of a structure line in the parameter domain can be represented by the fixed parameter value, the normalized parameter value, or its arrangement along the direction of the first parameter.

[0054] The position of a sampling point in the parameter domain can be represented by the surface parameter value corresponding to the sampling point, its curve parameter on the structure line, arc length position, normalized arc length position, or a position quantity that has a definite correspondence with the above positions.

[0055] Therefore, the phrase "determining sinusoidal control parameters based on the position of the structure line and / or sampling point in the parameter domain" in this application includes determining the corresponding sinusoidal control parameters based on the positional differences between different structure lines, the positional differences between different sampling points on the same structure line, or a combination of both.

[0056] The term "sinusoidal control parameter" as used in this application refers to one or more parameters used to determine sinusoidal displacement changes, including amplitude parameters, period control parameters, phase parameters, and parameters that can equivalently control the amplitude, period, frequency, wavelength, phase, or phase progression of sinusoidal changes.

[0057] The displacement amount referred to in this application as "changing along the corresponding structural line according to a sinusoidal law" means that as the position of the sampling point changes on the corresponding structural line, the displacement amount of the sampling point is determined by a sinusoidal function or a calculation relationship equivalent to a sinusoidal function. For example, the displacement amount can be expressed as:

[0058] ;

[0059] in, This indicates the position parameter of the sampling point on the structure line. Indicates the amplitude parameter. This represents the phase progression determined by the periodic control parameters. This represents the phase parameter.

[0060] One or more of the above parameters can be constants or vary with the position of the structure line or the sampling point. "Variating according to a sinusoidal law" does not require all structure lines to have the same amplitude, period, or phase, nor does it require a unique mathematical expression; as long as the displacement exhibits periodic fluctuations controlled by a sinusoidal relationship with the position, it falls under the sinusoidal law referred to in this application.

[0061] The "normal direction" of the parametric reference surface referred to in this application refers to the local normal direction of the parametric reference surface at the corresponding sampling point. Preferably, it can be represented by the unit normal vector at the corresponding location.

[0062] For sampling points on the parametric reference surface The sampling points after its displacement It can be represented as:

[0063] ;

[0064] in, This indicates that the parameterized reference surface is at the sampling point. The unit normal vector at that location, This represents the normal displacement at the sampling point. The normal displacement can be positive, negative, or zero, with the positive and negative signs indicating displacement along two opposite directions of the normal vector, respectively.

[0065] The "normal offset" referred to in the manufacturing method of this application refers to the amount by which the position on the deformed structural line is offset relative to the corresponding reference structural line along the normal of the reference surface.

[0066] The normal displacement used to form the texture mentioned above is a different processing stage from the shell offset implemented after the planar projection of the mesh normal when generating the inner mesh layer, and they should not be confused.

[0067] The "deformation structure line" referred to in this application is a curve generated based on multiple sampling points after displacement. The deformation structure line can be generated through interpolation, fitting, curve reconstruction, control point updating, or other methods that can reflect the distribution of sampling points after displacement.

[0068] The term "textured surface" as used in this application refers to a surface generated based on multiple deformation structure lines arranged along the direction of the first parameter, and possessing corresponding undulating texture. Textured surfaces can be obtained through lofting, interpolation, fitting, surface reconstruction, or other surface generation methods.

[0069] The phrase "closed in the first parameter direction" means that the textured surface forms a continuous circumferential connection in the first parameter direction. This statement does not imply that the textured surface itself has a wall thickness or has formed a closed solid model.

[0070] The "normalized sampling position parameter" referred to in this application refers to the position parameter obtained by converting the position of the sampling point on the corresponding structural line to a uniform numerical range.

[0071] For a structure line with a start and an end, the cumulative arc length of the sampling point from the start of the structure line can be denoted as... The total arc length of the structural line is denoted as The normalized sampling location parameters are determined according to the following formula. :

[0072] ;

[0073] The starting point of the structural line corresponds to Termination end corresponding The starting and ending points can be uniformly determined based on the increasing direction of the second parameter, and it is not required that the starting point necessarily corresponds to the top or bottom of the lampshade. It should be noted that for closed structural lines, the starting and ending points coincide.

[0074] The “target number of sinusoidal periods” referred to in this application means the number of complete or equivalent sinusoidal periods to be formed between the beginning and end of the structure line.

[0075] The "period control parameter" referred to in this application refers to the parameter used to control the change of the number of periods or equivalent periods, which can be expressed as the number of periods, frequency, angular frequency, wavelength, or a parameter with a definite conversion relationship with them.

[0076] The term "sinusoidal phase" as used in this application refers to the phase quantity of the input sine function, including the phase progression formed by the sampling position and period control parameters, as well as the phase offset introduced by the phase parameters.

[0077] The “amplitude parameter” referred to in this application is a parameter used to control the magnitude of the normal displacement or the degree of fluctuation of the corresponding sampling point.

[0078] The “reference amplitude parameter” referred to in this application means the reference amplitude or basic amplitude used before position-related amplitude adjustment.

[0079] The “amplitude adjustment coefficient” referred to in this application is a coefficient determined based on the sampling point location and used to amplify, reduce, or otherwise adjust the reference amplitude parameter.

[0080] The "amplitude mapping relationship" referred to in this application refers to the correspondence between the position of the sampling point on the corresponding structural line and the amplitude adjustment coefficient. The amplitude mapping relationship can be implemented using functions, envelope curves, piecewise rules, interpolation relationships, lookup tables, or other mapping methods that can determine the amplitude adjustment coefficient based on the position.

[0081] The "top gradient zone" referred to in this application refers to a parameter range along the second parameter direction of the lampshade's basic shape, closer to the top end. Within the top gradient zone, the amplitude parameter generally decreases as the sampling point approaches the top end; this decrease can be continuous or segmented continuous.

[0082] The term "structural line group" as used in this application refers to a set of structural lines formed by dividing multiple structural lines according to their arrangement order in the first parameter direction, their parameter domain position, or a combination of both.

[0083] The “sine control parameter determination rule” referred to in this application refers to the processing relationship that determines at least one of the amplitude parameter, period control parameter and phase parameter based on the position of the structure line, the position of the sampling point or other preset inputs.

[0084] The same sine control parameters are used to determine the rules for the same group of structural lines, and it is not required that all structural lines or all sampling points in the group eventually obtain the exact same parameter values; when the determination rule takes the position of the structural line or the position of the sampling point as input, the same rule can output different parameter values.

[0085] "Sine control parameter reference value" refers to the reference parameter value used by the corresponding structural line group; "sine control parameter variation range" refers to the range of variation of the corresponding parameter that is allowed or set in the structural line group.

[0086] The "preset height axis" referred to in this application is a reference axis in the model coordinate system used to characterize the extension direction between the top and bottom of the lampshade. The preset height axis can be the Z-axis of the model coordinate system, or other axes determined according to the lampshade's placement posture or design direction.

[0087] The term "top end" as used in this application refers to the end of the lampshade's basic shape corresponding to the top of the lampshade in the preset height axis direction.

[0088] The term "facing the interior of the lampshade base shape" as used in this application refers to the direction facing the internal space pre-enclosed by the lampshade base shape or the inside of the lampshade housing.

[0089] The term "outer mesh layer" as used in this application refers to a mesh layer obtained by meshing a textured surface or that corresponds to the outer side of a textured surface.

[0090] The "inner mesh layer" as used in this application refers to the mesh layer located on the side of the outer mesh layer facing the interior of the lampshade, which, together with the outer mesh layer, defines the solid portion of the lampshade housing. The inner mesh layer can be obtained by offsetting the outer mesh layer, or by reconstruction, fitting, or other equivalent methods.

[0091] The “preset shell thickness parameter” referred to in this application refers to the design parameter used to control or determine the spacing between the outer mesh layer and the inner mesh layer.

[0092] The term "offset distance" as used in this application refers to a parameter determined based on a preset shell thickness parameter and used to control the amount of movement of mesh vertices. The preset shell thickness parameter and the offset distance can be equal, or they can be determined through a scale, a correction function, or other conversion relationships.

[0093] Specifically, when generating the inner mesh layer using the horizontal projection direction of the normal vector, the offset distance represents the distance moved along the projection direction, and is not necessarily equal to the actual normal wall thickness of the lampshade housing at that location. Therefore, the preset housing thickness parameter should not be interpreted as requiring the final lampshade housing to have the exact same normal thickness at all locations. In practical applications, the thickness of the housing is physically non-uniform. The principle of thickness is to plan the path of the printing nozzles, control the printing linewidth to remain constant (single or multiple layers), and generate the thickness based on the simulation of the actual path. That is, the area more perpendicular to the xy plane (0~90 degrees) is thicker, and the more inclined it is, the thinner it is. This ensures that the same number of layers are printed in actual printing, and there will be no sudden changes in the number of printing layers.

[0094] The term "open boundary" as used in this application refers to a boundary in a surface or mesh that is not yet connected to other surfaces. For example, in a mesh model, a mesh edge used by only one mesh surface can constitute an open boundary or a bare edge.

[0095] The term "corresponding open boundary" as used in this application refers to the boundary between the outer mesh layer and the inner mesh layer that corresponds to each other in position, arrangement order or topological relationship and can be connected by a connecting surface.

[0096] The term "closed model" or "closed mesh model" as used in this application refers to a model in which there are no unconnected open boundaries in the model representing the solid part of the lampshade housing, and which can define the effective solid volume. Preferably, the closed model can pass the model closure check of 3D printing slicing software.

[0097] The term "closed model" does not imply that the internal space enclosed by the lampshade must be an airtight space, nor does it imply that the lampshade cannot have functional openings for installing a light source, connecting a lamp holder, or allowing light to pass through. For lampshades with functional openings, as long as the inner and outer surfaces are connected to each other at the edge of the opening, so that the physical boundary of the lampshade housing itself does not have an open boundary, it can still constitute the closed model referred to in this application.

[0098] In the manufacturing method of 3D printed lampshade housings, "first direction" and "second direction" are used to describe the geometric directional relationship between the closed model and the textured surface. The first direction corresponds to the closed arrangement direction of the textured surface, and the second direction corresponds to the direction that intersects the first direction and allows the deformation structure lines to extend. In a specific lampshade embodiment, the first direction can correspond to the circumferential direction of the lampshade, and the second direction can correspond to the height direction of the lampshade.

[0099] The "deformation structure line" referred to in the manufacturing method can be either curve data retained in a closed model or a geometric curve that can be determined or extracted from the geometry of the textured surface to describe the trajectory of the texture extension.

[0100] The term "printed layer data" as used in this application refers to data corresponding to multiple printed layers obtained after slicing a closed model. Printed layer data may include one or more of the following: the cross-sectional profile, filling area, material deposition path, scanning path, exposure pattern, and corresponding printing process control parameters for each printed layer.

[0101] The present application will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments. The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application are clearly and completely described. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present application, and not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present application, all other embodiments and technical effects obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort should fall within the scope of protection of the present application. The terms "an embodiment," "implementation," or similar wording used throughout this specification mean that a specific feature, structure, or characteristic described together with an implementation is included in at least one embodiment of the present application. Therefore, the appearance of the phrases "in an embodiment," "in an embodiment," and similar wording throughout this specification may (but does not necessarily) refer to the same implementation.

[0102] Please see Figure 1 , Figure 1 The flowchart shown is a method for generating curved surface texture models for 3D printed lampshades in one embodiment of this application. Figure 1 As shown, this application provides a method for generating a curved surface texture model for 3D printed lampshades. This method is executed by a computer device, and its processing object is a curved surface texture model for 3D printed lampshades. Input data may include one or more of the following: the lampshade's basic shape, reference surface, amplitude mapping relationship, reference amplitude parameters, parameter range, and shell thickness parameters. The output is a closed model that can be recognized by slicing software and used for 3D printed lampshades. In this embodiment, the curved surface texture model generation method includes steps S101 to S105.

[0103] Step S101: Obtain the parametric reference surface corresponding to the basic shape of the lampshade. The parametric reference surface is closed in the first parameter direction and has a second parameter direction that intersects the first parameter direction.

[0104] The basic shape of the lampshade can be constructed into a jellyfish shape, plum vase shape, lantern shape, or other lampshade shapes with a circumferential closed contour, depending on the design requirements.

[0105] Please refer to Figure 2 , Figure 2 The flowchart shown is a method for obtaining a parametric reference surface according to this application in one embodiment, as follows: Figure 2 As shown, the steps for obtaining the parameterized reference surface include steps S1011 to S1013.

[0106] Step S1011: Obtain the basic shape of the lampshade constructed in the form of subdivided surfaces.

[0107] Specifically, the basic shape of the lampshade is first constructed. This basic shape can be constructed using a subdivision surface (Subd). A subdivision surface is a surface representation obtained by subdividing a control mesh one or more times to obtain a smooth, limit surface. The overall contour of the lampshade can be controlled by adjusting the vertices, edges, and faces of the control mesh. Subdivision surfaces are suitable for constructing free-form shapes with continuous curvature changes, such as the aforementioned plum vase shape, jellyfish shape, lantern shape, or other basic lampshade shapes with circumferentially closed contours.

[0108] It should be noted that subdivision surfaces are primarily used to conveniently construct the macroscopic shape of lampshades, and may not yet possess a unified parameter domain for subsequent structural line extraction and sinusoidal texture calculation. Therefore, subdivision surfaces can be transformed, fitted, or reconstructed into parametric reference surfaces with two parameter directions, and the first and second parameter directions can be determined based on the closure state of the transformed surface. Subdivision surfaces are not limited to Subd objects in specific modeling software; other equivalent surface representations that can form smooth surfaces by controlling mesh subdivision are also applicable.

[0109] In the inventor's actual embodiment, a Subd jellyfish-shaped lampshade was used as the basic shape, and then converted into a UV continuous NURBS surface for subsequent extraction of isoparametric structure lines.

[0110] Step S1012: Convert the subdivision surface into the parametric reference surface.

[0111] Specifically, after constructing the basic shape of the lampshade using subdivided surfaces, the subdivided surfaces are converted into parametric reference surfaces. In this embodiment, the parametric reference surface is a non-uniform rational B-spline (NURBS) surface. During the surface conversion process, the converted parametric reference surface is adapted to the original lampshade basic shape within a preset geometric error range, and a two-dimensional parameter domain is established for subsequent structural line extraction, enabling the converted surface to be parametrically represented using a first parameter and a second parameter, i.e.:

[0112] ;

[0113] in, and These represent the two parametric directions of the surface, and the parameter domains correspond to the two continuously changing directions of the surface.

[0114] During the conversion process, the subdivided surface is fitted or reconstructed according to the preset geometric error tolerance, and the adjacent surface regions are kept in a preset continuity, thereby obtaining a NURBS surface with a unified two-dimensional parameter domain.

[0115] In one embodiment, the subdivided surface is converted or reconstructed into a NURBS surface with a unified parameter direction, so that the converted surface has two parameter directions corresponding to the circumferential and axial directions of the lampshade; when the conversion result includes multiple adjacent NURBS surface patches, the parameter direction and parameter range of each surface patch are uniformly processed so that adjacent surface patches maintain a continuous parameter correspondence in the corresponding parameter direction.

[0116] Step S1013: Detect the closure state of the parameterized reference surface in two parameter directions, select one parameter direction that closes the parameterized reference surface from the two parameter directions as the first parameter direction, and determine the other parameter direction as the second parameter direction.

[0117] Specifically, after the surface transformation is completed, the closure state is detected for the two parameter directions of the surface. Multiple parameter values ​​are selected for each of the two parameter directions, and corresponding isoparametric curves are generated. The start and end positions of these isoparametric curves in the corresponding parameter direction are checked to see if they coincide or meet a preset closure error threshold. When the isoparametric curve corresponding to a certain parameter direction meets the closure condition, that parameter direction is determined as the closed parameter direction. For a ring-shaped lampshade, the surface forms a continuously closed geometric shape in the circumferential direction. The two parameter boundaries in the parameter directions have a periodic correspondence and are geometrically continuous, thus providing a unified parameter organization basis for the continuous generation of subsequent texture surfaces. To ensure that subsequent textures can be continuously generated along the lampshade height direction and to ensure the circumferential closure of the texture surface, a unified parameter organization relationship needs to be established for the two parameter directions of the parameterized reference surface.

[0118] In one embodiment, when determining the direction of the closure parameter, a seam continuity check can be performed on the two parameter boundaries of that direction. Specifically, multiple corresponding boundary points are selected on the two parameter boundaries, and the positional deviations between corresponding boundary points are compared. Furthermore, the tangential or normal directions at corresponding positions can be compared. When the positional deviation is not greater than a preset position tolerance, and the included angle of the tangential or normal direction is not greater than a preset angle tolerance, the two parameter boundaries are determined to have a continuous periodic correspondence. This reduces the possibility of misjudging parameter seams with abrupt direction changes as continuous seams simply based on the coincidence of the beginning and end points.

[0119] In one embodiment, the lampshade base shape has a preset height axis in the model coordinate system, the first parameter direction is a circumferential parameter direction extending around the preset height axis, the parameterized reference surface is closed in the first parameter direction, and the second parameter direction is an axial parameter direction corresponding to the extension direction of the preset height axis; the parameterized reference surface is parameterized with a first parameter corresponding to the first parameter direction and a second parameter corresponding to the second parameter direction; the first parameter is fixed to multiple different parameter values, and the second parameter is varied to determine multiple isoparametric structural lines extending along the second parameter direction, and the multiple structural lines are arranged along the first parameter direction.

[0120] The preset height axis is also the central reference axis that runs through the top and bottom of the lampshade, and the preset height axis itself is not limited to a single positive direction. In this embodiment, the increasing direction of the second parameter is set from the bottom of the lampshade to the top of the lampshade, and the direction of the second parameter corresponds to the axial parameter direction extending along the preset height axis. The parameterized reference surface is continuously closed in the first parameter direction and continuously extends from the bottom to the top of the lampshade in the second parameter direction. If the parameter direction after conversion in step S1012 is consistent with the actual geometric direction of the lampshade, the existing parameter direction is maintained; if it is detected that the closed parameter direction is inconsistent with the preset first parameter direction, the two parameter directions of the surface are swapped, making the closed parameter direction the first parameter direction and the other parameter direction the second parameter direction. Through the above parameter direction adjustment, it can be ensured that the first parameter direction always corresponds to the circumferential direction of the lampshade, and the second parameter direction always corresponds to the height direction of the lampshade.

[0121] Once the parameter directions are determined, the parameterized reference surface can be uniformly represented as:

[0122] ;

[0123] Among them, parameters The first parameter corresponds to the circumferential parameter around the lampshade height axis. Its value changes continuously along the circumference of the lampshade, with the starting and ending positions corresponding to the same circumferential position. Therefore, a closed parameter domain is formed in the direction of the first parameter. The second parameter corresponds to the axial parameter extending along the lampshade height axis, and its value changes continuously along the lampshade height direction. In this embodiment, Corresponding to the bottom of the lampshade, Corresponding to the top of the lampshade, it gradually changes from the bottom to the top. Of course, in other embodiments, other parameter value ranges can also be used, for example... Alternatively, other equivalent parameter ranges can be used, as long as the parameter correspondence can be maintained.

[0124] Step S102: Based on the parameter domain of the parameterized reference surface, determine multiple structural lines extending along the second parameter direction and arranged along the first parameter direction, as well as multiple sampling points on each structural line.

[0125] After establishing the parametric reference surface in step S101, multiple structure lines are determined based on the parameter domain of the surface. Specifically, multiple different first parameter values ​​are fixed in the first parameter direction:

[0126] ;

[0127] And make the second parameter Continuous variation yields multiple isoparametric structure lines extending along the direction of the second parameter:

[0128] ;

[0129] in, Indicates the first There are structural lines, each extending from the bottom to the top of the lampshade along the direction of the second parameter, and arranged sequentially around the lampshade along the direction of the first parameter.

[0130] In this embodiment, each structural line is an open curve, with its two ends corresponding to the top and bottom of the lampshade, respectively. During texture generation, sinusoidal deformation is applied to the sampling points on each structural line. After deformation, each structural line maintains its original arrangement and is lofted and reconstructed according to the first parameter direction, thereby forming a continuously closed texture surface along the first parameter direction. Therefore, in this application, the closed surface formed is a texture surface composed of multiple deformed structural lines, rather than a single structural line itself.

[0131] After obtaining multiple structural lines extending along the direction of the second parameter, in order to facilitate unified calculation of the texture, this embodiment performs discrete sampling on each structural line and establishes a unified normalized position parameter for each sampling point.

[0132] In one embodiment, each of the structural lines has a start end and an end end; wherein the start end corresponds to the bottom side of the lampshade, and the end end corresponds to the top side of the lampshade, so as to be consistent with the increasing direction of the second parameter. Of course, in other embodiments, the top can also be used as the start end and the bottom as the end end according to the texture generation direction, as long as all structural lines within the same model use the same starting direction.

[0133] For each sampling point, the ratio of the cumulative arc length of the sampling point from the starting end of the corresponding structural line to the total arc length of the corresponding structural line is determined as the normalized sampling position parameter of the sampling point on the corresponding structural line, so that the starting end and the ending end of the structural line correspond to normalized sampling position parameters with values ​​of 0 and 1, respectively.

[0134] In this embodiment, for any structural line, its starting and ending points can be determined according to a predetermined direction. The cumulative arc length from the sampling point to the starting point of the structural line refers to the length of the curve traversed along the structural line from the starting point to the sampling point; the total arc length of the structural line refers to the length of the curve traversed along the structural line from the starting point to the ending point. Both the cumulative arc length and the total arc length are measured along the structural line, rather than using the spatial straight-line distance between corresponding two points.

[0135] For two adjacent sampling points, the arc length spacing refers to the length of the curve traversed along the corresponding structural line from one sampling point to the other. For internal sampling points, the arc length spacing between the sampling point and its preceding and following sampling points can be determined separately, and the smaller of the two can be determined as the minimum arc length spacing of the sampling point. For end sampling points with only one adjacent sampling point, the arc length spacing between the end sampling point and that adjacent sampling point can be determined as the minimum arc length spacing of the end sampling point.

[0136] In one embodiment, the ratio of cumulative arc length to total arc length is used as a normalized sampling position parameter, enabling structure lines of different lengths to adopt a uniform position scale from 0 to 1. This normalization process does not change the actual position of the sampling points in three-dimensional space, but is used to establish the correspondence between the sampling positions and the sinusoidal control parameters.

[0137] In one specific implementation, equal division (Divide Curve) or reconstruction followed by equal division can be used. For example, 100 sampling points are set for each structure line. When sampling along the structure line with equal arc lengths, the arc length spacing between adjacent sampling points is the total arc length of the structure line divided by the number of sampling segments. Specifically, for open structure lines, equidistant discrete sampling is performed along the arc length direction. Let each structure line be divided into... Each sampling segment can then obtain There are 3 sampling points, with the first sampling point located at the beginning of the structure line and the last sampling point located at the end of the structure line. The intermediate sampling points are distributed sequentially at equal arc length intervals. In other embodiments, when the structure line is a closed curve, it is directly divided circumferentially according to a preset number of sampling points, so that all sampling points are evenly distributed along the closed curve.

[0138] After obtaining the sampling points, the corresponding sampling direction is determined based on the arrangement direction of each sampling point on the structure line. A transformation matrix is ​​then established based on this sampling direction to transform the sampling points or the corresponding local geometric objects. For structure lines with different directions, the arrangement direction of the sampling points may differ; therefore, the transformation matrix can be adapted to the direction of the corresponding sampling points. When the arrangement direction of the sampling points is consistent with the preset transformation direction, the transformation matrix can be directly used. When the arrangement direction of the sampling points is opposite to the preset transformation direction, the transformation matrix can be flipped or an inverse transformation matrix corresponding to the transformation matrix can be used to ensure that the transformed geometric objects maintain consistency with the sampling direction of the corresponding structure line.

[0139] For open and closed structure lines, the direction of the transformation matrix can be determined based on the actual arrangement direction of their sampling points, without requiring different structure lines to have the same starting point, ending point, or circumferential starting position. For closed structure lines, the arrangement order of sampling points can also be determined according to a preset circumferential direction, thereby determining the positive or negative direction of the transformation matrix. In this way, the sampling points corresponding to structure lines of different directions or types can maintain the correct directional relationship during subsequent geometric transformations, avoiding the reversal of texture direction, local geometric orientation, or transformation results due to different sampling point arrangement directions.

[0140] In this embodiment, since the structural lines are all open curves extending from the bottom to the top of the lampshade, an open curve sampling method is adopted. In one example, 100 sampling points are collected for each structural line, that is: It should be noted that those skilled in the art can adjust the number of sampling points according to the model size, curvature variation or printing accuracy requirements, such as 50, 80, 150 or 200 sampling points, which will not be elaborated here.

[0141] Let the first The total arc length of the structural lines is The average arc length spacing between adjacent sampling points is approximately:

[0142] ;

[0143] in: For the first The total length of the structural lines; This represents the number of sampling points; This represents the average arc length spacing between adjacent sampling points.

[0144] For any sampling point The cumulative arc length measured along the direction of the structural line from the starting end of the structural line is denoted as . ,in Then the normalized sampling position parameter of the sampling point is defined as:

[0145] ;

[0146] Therefore, the starting end of the structure line satisfies The termination end of the structure line satisfies The remaining sampling points all correspond to the interval Continuous parameter values ​​within.

[0147] Because the normalized position parameter is defined using the ratio between the cumulative arc length and the total arc length, even if different structure lines have different actual lengths, their sampling points can all be mapped to a unified parameter range. For example, for two structure lines with lengths of 300 mm and 500 mm respectively, when the sampling points are located at 50% of their respective structure line lengths, their normalized position parameters are both... Therefore, in the subsequent sinusoidal texture generation process, the normalized sampling position parameter can be directly used as the independent variable of the sinusoidal function, so that structure lines of different lengths have a consistent number of texture periods and the same relative period distribution at the normalized position scale, without having to reset the period parameter of the sinusoidal function for the actual length of each structure line.

[0148] In one embodiment, multiple structure lines adopt a consistent starting direction and sampling point arrangement order, and sampling points with the same normalized sampling position parameters in different structure lines are grouped into corresponding sampling point groups. When the starting direction of a certain structure line is detected to be opposite to that of other structure lines, the parameter direction and sampling point arrangement order of that structure line are reversed. By establishing a unified sampling correspondence between structure lines, the possibility of surface twisting, misconnection of lines, or local mesh distortion during subsequent interpolation or lofting processes can be reduced.

[0149] Step S103: Determine the sinusoidal control parameters based on the positions of the structure line and / or the sampling points in the parameter domain, and determine the displacement of each sampling point along the normal of the parameterized reference surface based on the sinusoidal control parameters, wherein at least one of the sinusoidal control parameters changes with the position of the structure line and / or the sampling points in the parameter domain, and the displacement changes along the corresponding structure line according to a sinusoidal law.

[0150] Specifically, after completing the discrete sampling of each structural line and obtaining the normalized sampling position parameters corresponding to each sampling point, the sinusoidal control parameters corresponding to each sampling point are determined based on the normalized sampling position parameters. The displacement of each sampling point along the normalized reference surface normal is then calculated, thereby forming a texture that continuously varies along the structural line. The sinusoidal control parameters can be determined solely based on the position of the structural line in the first parameter direction, or solely based on the position of the sampling point on the corresponding structural line, or simultaneously based on both the structural line position and the sampling point position. For example, the structural line position can be used to determine the reference amplitude, target number of periods, or initial phase used in different circumferential regions, while the sampling point position can be used to determine the amplitude envelope or phase progression on the same structural line.

[0151] In one embodiment, the sinusoidal control parameters include amplitude parameters, period control parameters, and phase parameters. The period control parameters characterize the target number of sinusoidal periods on the corresponding structural line. The period control parameters are not limited to a specific mathematical form. In different implementations, they can be expressed as the target number of sinusoidal periods, frequency, angular frequency, or other parameters that can equivalently control the change in the sinusoidal period. For example, the target number of sinusoidal periods can be used. This indicates the number of periods of the texture along a complete structural line; a frequency parameter can also be used. Angular frequency parameters Alternatively, other equivalent periodic control quantities can be used to represent it, as long as the sinusoidal phase corresponding to the sampling point can be determined.

[0152] After obtaining the normalized sampling position parameters, the step of determining the displacement of each sampling point includes: determining the sinusoidal phase corresponding to each sampling point based on the normalized sampling position parameters of each sampling point, the target number of sinusoidal periods, and the phase parameter; and determining the displacement of the corresponding sampling point based on the sinusoidal function value corresponding to the sinusoidal phase and the amplitude parameter.

[0153] Specifically, after obtaining the normalized sampling position parameters, the sinusoidal phase corresponding to each sampling point is determined based on the normalized sampling position parameters, period control parameters, and phase parameters.

[0154] Let the first The first on the structural line The normalized sampling position parameters corresponding to each sampling point are: ,in, In one example, the normalized sampling position parameter is used as a unified parameter input for the sine function, which corresponds to the complete parameter range from the start to the end of the structure line. Therefore, the entire structure line can be mapped to a unified phase calculation range.

[0155] When using the target number of sinusoidal periods for control, the sinusoidal phase corresponding to the sampling point can be expressed as:

[0156] ;

[0157] in, The sine phase corresponding to the sampling point; The target number of sinusoidal periods represents the number of periods in which the texture is distributed along the entire structure line; Normalized sampling location parameters; This is the phase parameter.

[0158] Therefore, it can be seen that when the normalized sampling position parameter changes continuously from 0 to 1, the sinusoidal phase correspondingly undergoes... The total phase change, that is, the formation along the entire structure line. A complete sine cycle.

[0159] In other embodiments, when angular frequency parameters are used for control, the sinusoidal phase can also be expressed as:

[0160] ;

[0161] Among them, angular frequency There is an equivalence relationship between the normalized sampling location parameter and the target number of sinusoidal periods. For example, when the normalized sampling location parameter ranges from 0 to 1, it can be taken as... Thus, it has the same texture distribution pattern as the above-described implementation. Therefore, regardless of the number of periods, frequency, angular frequency, or other equivalent period control quantities used, it is essentially an equivalent implementation method that uses period control parameters to determine the sinusoidal phase.

[0162] After determining the sinusoidal phase corresponding to each sampling point, the normal displacement of the sampling point is determined based on the sinusoidal function value and amplitude parameter corresponding to the sinusoidal phase.

[0163] In one example, the displacement of the sampling point can be expressed as:

[0164] ;

[0165] in, This represents the normal displacement corresponding to the sampling point; The amplitude parameters are for the corresponding sampling points; The target number of sine cycles; Normalized sampling location parameters; The phase parameter is used for the structure line to which the corresponding sampling point belongs.

[0166] In one embodiment, a uniform amplitude and a uniform phase can be used, thus simplifying the amplitude and phase parameters in the above formula to fixed values. In another embodiment, both the amplitude and phase parameters can vary according to the position of the structure line, the position of the sampling point, or both. Therefore, different sampling points can correspond to different amplitude and phase parameters to form richer texture variations.

[0167] After calculating the normal displacement of the sampling point, the sampling point is offset according to the unit normal vector of the parametric reference surface at the corresponding sampling point. The updated spatial coordinates satisfy:

[0168] ;

[0169] in, These are the original coordinates of the sampling points; This is the unit normal vector of the parameterized reference surface at this sampling point; These are the coordinates of the sampling point after displacement.

[0170] Using the above calculation method, the texture can be made to change continuously along each structural line according to a sinusoidal law. Furthermore, since the independent variable of the sinusoidal function uses normalized sampling position parameters, structural lines of different lengths can all be subject to a unified periodic control rule, ensuring that different structural lines have a consistent number of periods and a relative periodic distribution at the normalized position scale. Simultaneously, by adjusting the amplitude parameters, periodic control parameters, and phase parameters, the undulation depth, texture density, and the positional distribution of peaks and troughs of the texture can be controlled respectively, providing a unified algorithmic basis for subsequent amplitude gradient control, top gradient control, and phase misalignment control of adjacent structural lines.

[0171] This embodiment uses a sine function to determine the normal displacement. In other embodiments, the same sinusoidal displacement relationship can be achieved using equivalent mathematical expressions of the sine function, functions that differ from the sine function by a constant phase (e.g., cosine functions), phase-shifted expressions of the sine function, phase reparameterization, discrete sampling calculation, sine function lookup tables, or numerical approximation methods. Where the displacement change law is expressed using a cosine function or other functions that only have a constant phase difference from the sine function, it is considered to change according to a sinusoidal law. When the sine function value is calculated using discrete sampling, lookup tables, or numerical approximation methods, as long as the displacement at each determined discrete position follows the change relationship defined by the sine function or its approximate relationship within a preset accuracy range, it belongs to the sinusoidal law as referred to in this application. Any periodic function that does not have a sinusoidal change relationship does not automatically belong to the sinusoidal law as referred to in this application.

[0172] To create a textured effect with varying levels of depth in different areas of the lampshade, in one embodiment, different structural lines may employ different sinusoidal control parameters, rather than using a uniform sinusoidal control parameter for all structural lines. Specifically, the parameters may be amplitude, period, and phase. Therefore, in one embodiment, the step of determining the sinusoidal control parameters includes: dividing the multiple structural lines into multiple structural line groups based on at least one of the arrangement order of the structural lines in the first parameter direction and the position of each structural line in the parameter domain; and determining the sinusoidal control parameters for each structural line group. Specifically, structural lines within the same structural line group use the same sinusoidal control parameter determination rule, while at least one of the sinusoidal control parameter determination rule, the sinusoidal control parameter reference value, and the sinusoidal control parameter variation range differs between different structural line groups.

[0173] Specifically, after extracting multiple structural lines, the entire set of structural lines is divided into multiple structural line groups based on the order of arrangement of each structural line in the first parameter direction and / or the position of each structural line in the parameter domain.

[0174] In this context, the first parameter direction corresponds to the circumference of the lampshade, therefore, the structural lines are arranged sequentially around the lampshade according to the first parameter direction. In one example, multiple circumferential regions can be continuously divided according to the arrangement order of the structural lines in the first parameter direction, with each circumferential region corresponding to a group of structural lines.

[0175] Besides dividing according to the order of arrangement, in other embodiments, the division can also be based on the range of values ​​of the first parameter corresponding to the structural line, the spatial position in the parameter domain, different texture areas of the lampshade, or design requirements. For example, the structural lines near the front of the lampshade can be divided into the first structural line group, the structural lines near the back of the lampshade can be divided into the second structural line group, or the structural lines in different circumferential angle ranges can be divided into different structural line groups to meet different texture design requirements.

[0176] After grouping the structural lines, the corresponding sinusoidal control parameters are determined for each structural line group. All structural lines within the same structural line group use the same sinusoidal control parameter determination rules, while different structural line groups use different parameter determination rules, parameter reference values, or parameter variation ranges.

[0177] In one embodiment, different structural line groups employ different amplitude parameters. Let the first... The reference amplitude corresponding to each structural line group is In this case, all structural lines within the same structural line group use this reference amplitude as the basis for amplitude calculation, while different structural line groups use different reference amplitudes, thus creating different texture undulation depths in different circumferential regions. For example, the first structural line group can use a larger reference amplitude to create a texture with obvious undulations; the second structural line group can use a smaller reference amplitude to create a softer texture transition.

[0178] In another embodiment, different structural line groups employ different periodic control parameters. Let the first... The number of target periods corresponding to each structural line group is Different structural line groups will form texture ripples of different densities along the direction of the structural lines. For example, structural line groups located in the main body area of ​​the lampshade can use a larger number of target periods to form a denser texture; while structural line groups located in the transition area can use a smaller number of target periods to make the texture change more gradual.

[0179] In another embodiment, different structural line groups can also employ different phase parameters. Let the first... Each structural line group uses phase parameters Different structural line groups will form different peak and trough arrangements. For example, two adjacent structural line groups can use different initial phases and determine the phase difference according to the texture connection requirements of adjacent regions, so that the texture of adjacent regions forms the expected continuous transition at the boundary. The phase parameters can also be gradually changed between adjacent structural line groups to reduce the possibility of abrupt changes in texture at the boundary of regions.

[0180] In addition to using different parameter reference values, different structural line groups can also employ different parameter variation rules. For example, the amplitude parameter in the first structural line group can remain constant; the amplitude parameter in the second structural line group can gradually decrease along the direction of the second parameter; and the amplitude parameter in the third structural line group can periodically change according to a preset mapping function. Furthermore, some structural line groups can use a fixed number of periods, while others can automatically adjust the period control parameters based on the length of the structural line; or some structural line groups can use a uniform phase, while others can use progressively increasing phase shifts.

[0181] In one example, within the same structural line group, each structural line shares the same parameter input rule, ensuring that the texture within that area maintains a consistent design style; different structural line groups use different parameter rules to create variations in texture levels, thus balancing overall continuity with local differences.

[0182] In this embodiment, the aforementioned structural line grouping and parameter control can be implemented using a parametric modeling program. For example, in the Grasshopper environment, multiple parameter control modules can be used to receive different structural line groups as input and output corresponding amplitude parameters, period control parameters, or phase parameters, and then perform texture calculations separately. Different parameter control modules can use the same or different parameter mapping methods, such as slider parameters, function mapping, curve mapping, lookup tables, or interpolation functions. It should be noted that this application is not limited to using a specific software component or implementation method, as long as it is possible to determine the sinusoidal control parameters for different structural line groups and make different parameter rules apply to different structural line groups.

[0183] By employing the aforementioned structural line grouping control method, this application can divide the entire lampshade into multiple texture control regions, allowing different regions to adopt different amplitude, period, or phase control strategies. This results in richer texture layers and visual effects while maintaining the overall continuity of the texture. Furthermore, this grouping control method has excellent parametric expansion capabilities. When adjusting local texture effects, only the parameter rules of the corresponding structural line group need to be modified, without recalculating all structural lines. This improves parametric design efficiency and can meet the design requirements of different lampshade shapes and texture styles.

[0184] To improve the continuity and layering of the lampshade surface texture, adjacent structural lines can be generated using different phase parameters, resulting in an interlaced texture. Based on this, in one embodiment, the sinusoidal control parameter includes a phase parameter, and the step of determining the sinusoidal control parameter includes: determining different phase parameters for at least one pair of adjacent structural lines along the direction of the first parameter, so that the peak positions and / or trough positions of the deformation structural lines corresponding to the at least one pair of adjacent structural lines are staggered along the direction of the second parameter.

[0185] The crest and trough positions described in this application are determined based on the normal displacement of the deformed structural line relative to the corresponding reference structural line. Specifically, the crest position can be the location where the normal displacement reaches a local maximum within a local period, and the trough position can be the location where the normal displacement reaches a local minimum within a local period. The crests and troughs correspond to local extrema in two opposite directions along the normal of the surface, but it is not required that all crests have the same height, nor that all troughs have the same depth.

[0186] When adjacent structural lines use different phase parameters, the peak and / or trough positions of the corresponding deformed structural lines can be offset along the direction of the second parameter. This offset means that the corresponding peaks or troughs of adjacent deformed structural lines are not located at the same position along the direction of the second parameter; a fixed phase difference is not required between adjacent structural lines. The phase difference can be π / 3, or other values ​​can be used according to the texture design requirements. In one embodiment, an initial phase and a phase offset of π / 3 are used to create a phase-shifted texture between adjacent structural lines.

[0187] Specifically, after the structure lines are extracted, different phase parameters are determined for at least one pair of structure lines that are adjacent to each other along the first parameter direction, based on the arrangement order of the structure lines in the first parameter direction.

[0188] Here, the first parameter direction corresponds to the circumferential parameter direction of the lampshade; therefore, adjacent structural lines correspond to two structural lines arranged adjacently in the circumferential direction of the lampshade. Let the two adjacent structural lines be... and Then the two structure lines use different phase parameters. and Perform sinusoidal displacement calculations.

[0189] In one example, the phase parameters of each structure line can be obtained by superimposing a preset phase offset onto a uniform initial phase, i.e.:

[0190] ;

[0191] in, To unify the initial phase; This represents the phase offset of the corresponding structural line; For the first The phase parameters ultimately used for the structural lines.

[0192] A unified initial phase is used to ensure that the overall texture has a consistent starting pattern, while the phase offset is used to adjust the positional relationship of textures between different structure lines. The phase offset can be determined according to the arrangement order of the structure lines in the first parameter direction, the corresponding parameter value, the structure line group to which they belong, or other preset rules. For example, two adjacent structure lines arranged along the first parameter direction can be assigned different phase offsets, thereby causing the peak and trough positions of the corresponding textures to be staggered in the second parameter direction.

[0193] For example, when the first The structural line uses phase parameters When, its normal displacement can be expressed as , adjacent The structural lines use different phase parameters When, its normal displacement can be expressed as When two structure lines use different phase parameters, even if the two structure lines correspond to the same normalized sampling position parameter, their corresponding sine function values ​​are still different. Therefore, the peak positions, trough positions, or both of the two structure lines are relatively offset along the direction of the second parameter.

[0194] In other words, at the same height position, when a structural line corresponds to a texture peak, the textures corresponding to adjacent structural lines can be in the rising segment, falling segment, near the trough, or other phase positions, thus forming a continuous and interlaced texture pattern, reducing the possibility of multiple structural lines forming regular and repetitive textures at the same phase.

[0195] In one example, the phase offset can be a fixed offset, meaning that all adjacent structure lines use the same phase difference. In another embodiment, a preset phase difference is used between adjacent structure lines. Then the phase parameter of the (i+1)th structure line satisfies: In one specific implementation, the following can be used: As a phase offset between adjacent structural lines, it creates a phase difference of about 60° between adjacent structural lines, thereby obtaining a better interlaced texture effect.

[0196] It should be noted that this application is not limited to the specific values ​​mentioned above. In other embodiments, the phase offset can be adjusted according to the lampshade size, the number of structural lines, the texture density, the design style, or the structural line group to which it belongs. For example, different phase offsets can be used between adjacent structural lines, or they can be gradually increased, gradually decreased, or periodically changed according to a preset function. The phase offset can also be generated by a parameter mapping function, interpolation function, lookup table, or other parameter control methods, as long as it can make the peak positions and / or trough positions of adjacent structural lines staggered along the direction of the second parameter.

[0197] In one implementation, phase control can be combined with the aforementioned structure line grouping control. For example, structure lines within the same structure line group use a uniform initial phase, and the phase offset is increased line by line according to a fixed step size; different structure line groups use different initial phases or different phase increment rules. This ensures the consistency of texture style within the same area while creating richer texture variations between different areas.

[0198] By employing the aforementioned phase offset control method, the texture peaks and troughs of adjacent structural lines are staggered along the direction of the second parameter, resulting in a continuous and flowing visual effect for the final texture surface. This reduces the likelihood of repetitive textures and visual stiffness when multiple structural lines use the same phase. Furthermore, since the phase parameter can be set independently of the amplitude and period control parameters, the positional relationship of the texture peaks and troughs can be altered simply by adjusting the phase relationship while keeping the amplitude and period control parameters constant. This enhances the flexibility and design freedom of parametric modeling. With proper phase offset settings, local geometric changes caused by the synchronous concentration of texture peaks and troughs on adjacent structural lines can be reduced, facilitating smooth reconstruction of the texture surface.

[0199] To enable the lampshade texture to exhibit gradual changes based on different positions, rather than using a uniform texture undulation depth across the entire structural line, the amplitude parameter corresponding to each sampling point is determined based on its position on the corresponding structural line, i.e., establishing a mapping relationship between the sampling point position and the amplitude parameter. Based on this, in one embodiment, the sinusoidal control parameter includes an amplitude parameter. The step of determining the amplitude parameter includes: determining the amplitude adjustment coefficient corresponding to each sampling point according to a preset amplitude mapping relationship based on the position of each sampling point on the corresponding structural line; and adjusting a preset reference amplitude parameter according to the amplitude adjustment coefficient to determine the amplitude parameter of the corresponding sampling point; wherein, the amplitude mapping relationship characterizes the correspondence between the position of each sampling point on the corresponding structural line and the amplitude adjustment coefficient.

[0200] Specifically, after obtaining the normalized sampling position parameters corresponding to each sampling point, the corresponding amplitude adjustment coefficient is determined according to the position of each sampling point on the corresponding structural line and the preset amplitude mapping relationship. Then, the preset reference amplitude parameter is adjusted according to the amplitude adjustment coefficient to obtain the actual amplitude parameter used by each sampling point.

[0201] Let the first The first on the structural line The normalized sampling position parameters corresponding to each sampling point are: ,in The normalized sampling position parameter serves as both the phase calculation parameter for the aforementioned sine function and the input parameter for the amplitude mapping relationship.

[0202] In one example, based on a preset amplitude mapping relationship Determine the amplitude adjustment coefficient for the corresponding sampling point, i.e.:

[0203] ;

[0204] in, For the first The first structural line The amplitude adjustment coefficient corresponding to each sampling point; The preset amplitude mapping relationship represents the correspondence between the sampling point position and the amplitude adjustment coefficient.

[0205] Subsequently, the preset reference amplitude parameter is adjusted according to the amplitude adjustment coefficient to obtain the actual amplitude parameter of the corresponding sampling point:

[0206] ;

[0207] in: The preset reference amplitude parameter; This refers to the amplitude parameters ultimately used at the sampling points.

[0208] Therefore, the sinusoidal normal displacement corresponding to each sampling point can be expressed as:

[0209] ;

[0210] In this embodiment, the amplitude parameter is no longer a fixed value uniformly used for the entire structure line, but changes continuously with the sampling point position, so that the texture undulation depth forms a preset variation law along the direction of the structure line.

[0211] Furthermore, the amplitude mapping relationship can be understood as an amplitude envelope function, which describes the overall trend of texture amplitude variation along the structural line direction, while the sine function describes the local periodic fluctuations of the texture. Combining the amplitude envelope function and the sine function allows for simultaneous control of both the overall texture variation and local ripples, achieving richer parametric texture effects.

[0212] In one embodiment, the amplitude mapping relationship can be implemented using a continuous function, a piecewise function, an interpolation function, a lookup table, or a preset change rule, and is not limited to a specific mathematical form. For example, the amplitude mapping relationship can be established using linear change, exponential change, cosine change, Bezier curve, spline curve, or other continuous change functions; an amplitude change curve can also be obtained by interpolation of multiple control points; or the amplitude adjustment coefficient corresponding to different positions can be determined according to a preset lookup table.

[0213] In a parametric modeling environment, the aforementioned amplitude mapping relationship can also be achieved using graphical parametric mapping tools. For example, in Grasshopper, normalized sampling position parameters can be used as input to Remap Numbers, mapping the input parameters uniformly to a preset parameter range. This data is then input into the Graph Mapper, which outputs the corresponding amplitude adjustment coefficient based on the user-defined curve shape. Subsequently, this amplitude adjustment coefficient is multiplied by a preset baseline amplitude parameter, depth ratio, or depth coefficient to obtain the actual amplitude parameters used at each sampling point. This allows for rapid, graphical adjustment of the overall distribution of texture undulations, improving the flexibility of parametric design.

[0214] It should be noted that Graph Mapper and Remap Numbers are only one implementation method in this embodiment. Those skilled in the art can also use mathematical functions, program algorithms, lookup tables, interpolation calculations, or other parameter mapping methods to realize the correspondence between the sampling point position and the amplitude adjustment coefficient, as long as the amplitude adjustment coefficient can be determined based on the position of the sampling point on the structural line, and the reference amplitude parameter can be adjusted accordingly.

[0215] By employing the aforementioned position-dependent amplitude mapping control method, this application enables the texture amplitude to continuously vary along the structural line direction. For example, it allows the central region of the lampshade to maintain a larger texture undulation, while the texture near the top or bottom gradually weakens, thus creating a more natural and softer gradient texture effect. Simultaneously, since the amplitude adjustment coefficient is determined according to the sampling point position based on a preset mapping relationship, rather than using a uniform fixed amplitude, it reduces the possibility of abrupt changes in texture undulation, making the displacement changes between adjacent sampling points smoother. This facilitates smooth surface transitions and is beneficial for subsequent texture surface reconstruction, mesh generation, and the geometric stability and manufacturability of the 3D printed model.

[0216] To ensure a natural transition in texture across the top edge of the lampshade and improve the geometric stability of the reconstructed surface and 3D printed model, a gradual control is applied to the texture amplitude near the top of the lampshade. In one embodiment, the lampshade's basic shape has a top end in the second parameter direction; a preset parameter range near the top end in the second parameter direction is defined as the top gradient region, and the amplitude mapping relationship causes the amplitude parameter of sampling points located within the top gradient region to gradually decrease as the sampling point approaches the top end.

[0217] Specifically, the lampshade's basic shape has a top end and a bottom end extending along the second parameter direction, where the second parameter direction corresponds to the height direction in the lampshade model's coordinate system. As described above, the parameterized reference surface is a parametric surface. This indicates that the first parameter Corresponding to the circumference of the lampshade; second parameter Corresponding to the height of the lampshade. Parameters The lampshade changes continuously from the bottom to the top, so the parameter area near the top can be determined based on the range of the second parameter.

[0218] In this embodiment, a preset parameter range near the top end in the direction of the second parameter is defined as the top gradient region. Let the range of values ​​for the second parameter be... The top gradient area can then be represented as ,in, These are the starting parameters for the top gradient area; Corresponding to the top of the lampshade.

[0219] In one example, the starting parameters of the top gradient area The determination is based on the overall proportions of the lampshade, the height of the top taper, local curvature, or design requirements. For example, one could take... The top gradient zone is defined as the height range of approximately 5% to 25% from the top. It should be noted that this application is not limited to the specific parameters mentioned above; the range of the top gradient zone can be automatically adjusted according to different lampshade shapes. For example, for lampshades with a gentler top taper, the top gradient zone can be appropriately enlarged; while for lampshades with a relatively flat top, the top gradient zone can be appropriately reduced.

[0220] For sampling points located outside the top gradient region, their amplitude parameters preferably maintain the normal values ​​determined by the aforementioned amplitude mapping relationship, i.e. ,in, This represents the normal amplitude parameters obtained based on the amplitude mapping relationship.

[0221] Once the sampling point enters the top gradient region, the amplitude parameter is further adjusted for attenuation based on the second parameter corresponding to the sampling point, causing the amplitude to continuously decrease as the sampling point gradually approaches the top. In one example, a top gradient function can be defined. As the amplitude attenuation function for the top region, the actual amplitude corresponding to the top region can be expressed as:

[0222] ;

[0223] in, and satisfy when hour, That is, maintaining the original amplitude when entering the top gradient zone; when hour, Alternatively, the amplitude can approach a preset minimum value, causing the texture to gradually weaken until it reaches the top edge. Thus, the texture amplitude can continuously decrease as the sampling point approaches the top, achieving a gradual transition in the top region.

[0224] In one embodiment, the top gradient function can be established using a linear function, exponential function, cosine function, Bezier curve, spline curve, or other continuous function. For example, in one embodiment, a linear decay relationship is used. In another embodiment, a smooth curve function is used to make the amplitude decay slowly in the top region, thereby avoiding abrupt changes in local curvature and improving texture continuity.

[0225] It should be noted that the top gradient control can be applied independently to the entire lampshade model, or it can be combined with the aforementioned structural line grouping control. For example, different structural line groups can use different top gradient ranges, different gradient start positions, or different decay functions, thereby creating different top closure effects in different circumferential areas to meet diverse texture design needs.

[0226] By employing the aforementioned top gradient control method, the texture undulations naturally converge as the texture approaches the top of the lampshade, ensuring a smooth transition in the top edge area and preventing excessive texture concentration due to the large curvature at the top. This not only creates a softer, more natural visual effect, enhancing the aesthetics of the lampshade product, but also helps reduce the risk of local structural line reversals, surface self-intersections, and mesh distortion in the top area. Furthermore, it improves the stability and geometric quality of texture surface reconstruction and closed mesh model generation, thereby enhancing the manufacturability and molding stability of the 3D printed model. This top gradient control represents a further optimization of the position-dependent amplitude mapping relationship. It achieves a continuous transition of the top texture through local amplitude attenuation in the second parameter direction, without altering the periodicity and phase relationship of the overall texture.

[0227] To reduce the risk of local reversal, self-intersection, or failure of surface reconstruction after the application of sinusoidal deformation to the structural lines, the allowable displacement range of each sampling point is pre-constrained when determining the normal displacement of each sampling point, so that the texture deformation meets the requirements of geometric continuity and manufacturability of the 3D printed model.

[0228] Please see Figure 3 , Figure 3 The flowchart shown is a method for determining the normal displacement of each sampling point in one embodiment of this application, as follows: Figure 3 As shown, the step of determining the normal displacement of each sampling point includes steps S1031 to S1034.

[0229] Step S1031: Determine the arc length spacing along the structure line between every two adjacent sampling points on the same structure line.

[0230] Specifically, after completing the structural line sampling, the arc length spacing between adjacent sampling points on the same structural line along the structural line direction is determined. Let the first... The structural line is The corresponding sampling points are as follows: The arc length spacing along the structure line between two adjacent sampling points is expressed as follows:

[0231] ;

[0232] in, For the first The first structural line The sampling point and the first The sampling points are located along the structure line The measured arc length distance, not the straight-line distance between the two sampling points.

[0233] When the structure line uses equal arc length sampling, the arc length spacing between adjacent sampling points is approximately equal, which can be expressed as:

[0234] ;

[0235] in, For the first The total arc length of the structural lines; This represents the number of sampling points for this structural line.

[0236] Step S1032: For each sampling point, the minimum value of the arc length distance between the sampling point and the adjacent sampling point along the corresponding structural line is determined as the minimum arc length distance of the corresponding sampling point.

[0237] Specifically, for sampling points located inside the structural lines Each of these two values ​​corresponds to two arc length intervals between two adjacent sampling points. Therefore, the smaller value is taken as the minimum arc length interval corresponding to that sampling point, i.e.:

[0238] ;

[0239] For end sampling points located at the beginning or end of the structure line, since they have only one adjacent sampling point, their minimum arc length spacing is directly taken as the arc length spacing between the corresponding unique adjacent sampling points. For example... as well as .

[0240] Step S1033: Determine the upper limit of the allowable displacement of the corresponding sampling point based on the minimum arc length spacing, wherein the upper limit of the allowable displacement is not greater than the minimum arc length spacing.

[0241] Specifically, after calculating the minimum arc length spacing, the upper limit of allowable displacement for each sampling point is determined based on the minimum arc length spacing. In one example, the upper limit of allowable displacement satisfies:

[0242] ;

[0243] in, This represents the upper limit of the allowable displacement corresponding to the sampling point; This represents the minimum arc length spacing between the corresponding sampling points.

[0244] To further improve model stability, in one embodiment, a preset safety factor can be used. By scaling the minimum arc length spacing, the upper limit of allowable displacement is obtained:

[0245]

[0246] Wherein, α is a preset safety factor, and 0 < α ≤ 1. By ensuring that α is no greater than 1, it can be guaranteed that the upper limit of allowable displacement determined according to the safety factor is no greater than the minimum arc length spacing of the corresponding sampling points; the upper limit of allowable displacement can be determined comprehensively based on the arc length spacing between adjacent sampling points, the spacing between adjacent structural lines, local curvature, and the preset safety factor, but the final determined upper limit of allowable displacement is still no greater than the minimum arc length spacing of the corresponding sampling points.

[0247] Step S1034: The absolute value of the displacement of the corresponding sampling point is limited to not exceeding the upper limit of the allowable displacement.

[0248] Specifically, after calculating the sinusoidal displacement, the displacement result is further constrained to ensure that the actual normal displacement satisfies:

[0249] ;

[0250] If the absolute value of the theoretical displacement calculated using the sine function exceeds the upper limit of the allowable displacement, then the displacement with the same sign as the theoretical displacement and an absolute value equal to the upper limit of the allowable displacement is used as the final displacement value; if the absolute value of the theoretical displacement does not exceed the upper limit of the allowable displacement, then its calculation result remains unchanged. In other words, the following constraint relationship can be adopted:

[0251] ;

[0252] in, This is the theoretical normal displacement. This represents the actual normal displacement after constraints.

[0253] By employing the aforementioned displacement constraint method, the normal displacement of each sampling point is always limited by the arc length spacing between adjacent sampling points, reducing the risk of geometrical abrupt changes caused by excessive local displacement. This helps mitigate the risks of local reversals, curve self-intersections, and surface reconstruction failures. Simultaneously, this constraint method helps reduce the occurrence of elongated cells, normal flipping, or mesh distortion in the generated mesh due to excessive local displacement, improving the stability of subsequent texture surface generation, mesh closure, and 3D printing slicing, thus achieving an organic combination of texture algorithms and 3D printing manufacturability.

[0254] Step S104: Generate corresponding deformation structure lines based on multiple sampling points after displacement, and generate a textured surface closed in the first parameter direction based on multiple deformation structure lines arranged along the first parameter direction.

[0255] Specifically, after completing the normal displacement of all sampling points, multiple deformation structure lines are arranged according to the first parameter direction, and surface reconstruction is performed based on adjacent deformation structure lines. For the first and last deformation structure lines in the first parameter direction, they are connected according to the closed parameter relationship of the parameterized reference surface, thereby generating a closed texture surface in the first parameter direction. Since the parameterized reference surface remains closed in the first parameter direction, and the structure lines are continuously arranged in the first parameter direction, the reconstructed texture surface also remains circumferentially closed. Specifically, the first and last structure lines in the first parameter direction can be regarded as periodically adjacent structure lines, and the two are determined by using compatible sampling point numbers, sampling directions, and sine control parameters. For the case where the two boundaries of the parameter domain actually correspond to the same surface position, the boundary structure lines can be shared or the corresponding deformation sampling points can be merged; for the case where the first and last structure lines are extracted separately, the spatial position difference and normal direction difference of their corresponding sampling points can meet the preset joint tolerance, and the closure of the first parameter direction is enabled during surface reconstruction. This allows the textured surfaces to form a continuous connection at the circumferential seams, rather than just being connected end-to-end topologically.

[0256] It should be noted that the closed texture surface is formed by the reconstruction of multiple deformation structural lines, not by a single structural line itself. Through the above reconstruction process, the texture between each structural line can be continuously transitioned, avoiding obvious geometric abrupt changes at the circumferential joints and improving the overall appearance quality of the lampshade.

[0257] Step S105: Generate a closed model for 3D printing the lampshade based on the textured surface.

[0258] To ensure the generated textured surface can be directly used for 3D printing, after constructing the textured surface, a closed mesh model with a preset shell thickness is generated, making the model meet the requirements of 3D printing slicing software. Please refer to [link / reference]. Figure 4 , Figure 4 The flowchart shown is a method for generating closed models based on textured surfaces according to this application in one embodiment, as follows: Figure 4 As shown, the steps for generating a closed model based on a textured surface include steps S1051 to S1054.

[0259] Step S1051: Obtain the preset shell thickness parameters.

[0260] The preset shell thickness parameter is used to control the spacing between the outer and inner mesh layers or the target thickness relationship of the lampshade shell. It can be set according to the lampshade size, printing material, printing process, mechanical strength requirements, and light transmission performance requirements. The preset shell thickness parameter can directly represent the offset distance, or it can be determined after proportional conversion or model scaling. It is not required that its value necessarily equal to the actual normal wall thickness of the final lampshade shell.

[0261] Step S1052: Convert the textured surface into an outer mesh layer.

[0262] Specifically, after lofting multiple deformation structure lines, a textured surface is obtained. In one example, surface reconstruction and swap surface directions can be combined during the lofting process to improve the distribution of surface parameters, resulting in a textured surface with better continuity and smoothness.

[0263] Subsequently, the textured surface is converted into a mesh model suitable for 3D printing. In one embodiment, a surface meshing algorithm can be used to discretize the textured surface into an outer mesh layer composed of multiple mesh units. The mesh units include quadrilateral meshes, and may also include triangular meshes or hybrid quadrilateral and triangular meshes as needed.

[0264] In one implementation, the textured surface can be discretized using a Mesh Surface according to a preset mesh density to generate an outer mesh layer. For models with many texture details or a large number of meshes, further mesh simplification can be performed, such as using mesh optimization algorithms like Reduce Mesh, to reduce the number of meshes while ensuring that the texture features remain basically unchanged, thereby improving the efficiency of subsequent offset operations and slicing.

[0265] Step S1053: Determine the offset distance according to the preset shell thickness parameter, and offset the outer mesh layer toward the interior of the lampshade base shape by the offset distance to generate the inner mesh layer.

[0266] In one embodiment, the offset distance can be calculated based on the model units, model scaling ratio, and target shell thickness, and then the offset distance is used to generate the inner mesh layer. It should be noted that in parametric modeling, the offset distance can be expressed in model units or as a scaling parameter relative to the model size; it is not directly equivalent to the actual wall thickness of the final printed part. The final printed wall thickness is determined by both the model units and the printing scale; therefore, different model sizes may correspond to different offset distances.

[0267] For example, during parametric modeling, the offset distance can be automatically adjusted according to the model's scale, allowing larger lampshades to use larger offset distances and smaller lampshades to use smaller offset distances, thereby maintaining a relatively consistent overall shell thickness ratio. This application is not limited to using a fixed offset distance, but allows the offset distance to be adaptively determined based on the model size, scaling ratio, and printing requirements.

[0268] After determining the offset distance, the outer mesh layer is offset along the internal direction of the lampshade's basic shape to generate an inner mesh layer corresponding to the outer mesh layer. In one example, the offset direction is determined based on the normal vector corresponding to each mesh vertex of the outer mesh layer, that is, each mesh vertex moves the corresponding offset distance along the normal direction pointing inwards from the lampshade.

[0269] To further maintain the overall height of the lampshade and improve the stability of the radial dimension control inside the lampshade, a method for generating an inner mesh layer based on the horizontal projection direction of the normal vector is adopted. Based on this, in one embodiment, the lampshade base shape has a preset height axis in the model coordinate system; the step of generating the inner mesh layer includes: for mesh vertices in the outer mesh layer whose projection length in a plane perpendicular to the preset height axis is greater than zero, determining the projection direction of the normal vector toward the interior of the lampshade base shape in that plane; and moving the mesh vertex along the projection direction by an offset distance determined according to the preset shell thickness parameter, while keeping the coordinates of the mesh vertex unchanged in the direction of the preset height axis, and determining the moved mesh vertex as the inner mesh vertex corresponding to the original mesh vertex in the inner mesh layer.

[0270] Specifically, the basic shape of the lampshade is established in a model coordinate system and has a preset height axis. For example, the model coordinate system is a three-dimensional rectangular coordinate system, where the Z-axis serves as the preset height axis of the lampshade, and the lampshade extends from the bottom along the Z-axis direction to the top; the XY plane perpendicular to the height axis is the radial cross-sectional plane of the lampshade. Of course, in other embodiments, other coordinate axes can be selected as the preset height axis according to the model establishment method, and this application does not limit this.

[0271] After meshing the textured surface, the unit normal vectors corresponding to each vertex of the outer mesh layer are first obtained. Then, these normal vectors are projected onto a plane perpendicular to a preset height axis to obtain the horizontal projection direction of the normal vector. Specifically, the component of the normal vector along the height axis can be removed, retaining only its component in the XY plane, thus obtaining the horizontal projection vector of the normal vector. Further calculation of the length of the horizontal projection vector and normalization of the horizontal projection vector yields the horizontal offset unit direction.

[0272] Since the inner mesh layer is located inside the lampshade, it is necessary to determine the side of the horizontal projection direction that faces the inside of the lampshade as the actual offset direction. In one example, the radial direction corresponding to each mesh vertex can be determined based on the central axis of the lampshade or the center position of the model, and the horizontal projection direction pointing towards the inside of the lampshade can be selected as the offset direction. For example, the radial direction from the mesh vertex to the central axis of the model can be used as the outward normal reference direction. When the horizontal projection direction is consistent with the radial outward direction, its opposite direction is taken as the offset direction; when it already points towards the inside of the model, this direction is directly used as the offset direction.

[0273] After determining the offset direction, the corresponding offset distance is determined based on the preset shell thickness parameters, and the grid vertices are moved a corresponding distance along the horizontal projection direction, while the coordinates of the grid vertices in the preset height axis direction remain unchanged. Based on this, each grid vertex only moves in the horizontal or radial direction, without offsetting in the lampshade height direction.

[0274] For mesh vertices offset using the horizontal projection direction, their coordinates along the preset height axis remain unchanged, thus preserving the height dimensions of the corresponding area. When using full normal offset, average direction of neighboring vertices, or inner surface reconstruction locally, the changes in the top and bottom heights of the lampshade and the overall model height can be controlled within a preset range by limiting the offset distance or setting height tolerances.

[0275] For regions where the projected length of the normal vector in the horizontal plane is small, the horizontal projection direction is difficult to determine stably because the normal vector is basically parallel to the height axis. Therefore, in one embodiment, the complete normal direction can be directly used for local offsetting, causing the inner mesh vertices to move along the complete normal direction by the corresponding offset distance. In another embodiment, the average offset direction can be calculated based on the horizontal projection directions of multiple adjacent mesh vertices, and the average direction can be used to complete the local offset, ensuring the continuity of the mesh layer in the top region.

[0276] In addition, for areas with large local curvature, such as the top closing area or the bottom edge, a method of locally reconstructing the inner surface can be used to refit the local inner surface based on the inner mesh that has been generated in the outer perimeter, so as to further improve the local mesh quality and sealing effect.

[0277] It should be noted that the above methods are all optional implementation methods of this application, and their purpose is to improve the offset quality of local areas while maintaining the overall modeling stability.

[0278] In a parametric modeling environment, the above processing can be achieved through Offset Mesh combined with program scripts. For example, the normal vectors of each mesh vertex can be obtained first, and then the normal vectors can be decomposed into horizontal and height components. Only the horizontal component is used to calculate the offset coordinates of the mesh vertices, while keeping the height coordinates unchanged, thereby automatically generating the inner mesh layer.

[0279] By employing the aforementioned offset method based on horizontal projection of the normal direction, in areas where horizontal projection offset is used, it helps reduce the additional displacement in the height direction caused by the complete normal offset, and facilitates controlling the overall height dimension of the lampshade within a preset range, preventing undesirable changes in the overall height dimension of the lampshade. Simultaneously, since the offset mainly occurs in the radial direction, it can more stably control the internal space dimensions of the lampshade, improve the consistency of the lampshade installation space and the light source arrangement space, and reduce local mesh distortion caused by abrupt changes in the normal direction in the top taper area. It should be understood that the shell thickness generated in this embodiment is the thickness measured along the horizontal or radial projection direction, which is mainly used to control the internal radial dimensions of the lampshade and the overall manufacturing effect, and does not imply that the entire lampshade surface has a strictly constant true normal wall thickness.

[0280] Step S1054: Connect the corresponding open boundaries of the outer mesh layer and the inner mesh layer to generate a closed mesh model without open boundaries, which serves as the closed model.

[0281] Specifically, after generating the inner mesh layer, open boundaries in both the outer and inner mesh layers are identified. In one example, the open boundaries corresponding to the outer and inner mesh layers are identified respectively, and then connected one by one according to the correspondence.

[0282] In one example, for a pair of open boundaries corresponding to the inner and outer mesh layers, connecting meshes are generated between the corresponding boundaries, forming a continuous closed mesh structure between the inner and outer mesh layers. For example, connecting surfaces can be created sequentially according to the vertex order on the corresponding boundaries, forming a quadrilateral connecting mesh between the corresponding boundaries; when required by the local geometry, triangular connecting meshes or a hybrid of quadrilaterals and triangles can also be used to complete the edge sealing. After all open boundary connections are completed, the inner mesh layer, outer mesh layer, and connecting boundaries together constitute a closed mesh model.

[0283] In a parametric modeling environment, the above processing can be achieved by using Offset Mesh to generate inner and outer double-layer meshes, and then combining boundary recognition and edge sealing algorithms to automatically complete the connection of bare edges. For areas with complex local topologies, corresponding connected meshes can also be automatically generated through program scripts to ensure geometric continuity after edge sealing.

[0284] In one embodiment, after edge sealing is completed, the generated closed mesh model can be subjected to a geometric integrity check. The check includes: (1) closure check, that is, determining whether the generated mesh model is a closed mesh and confirming that the model does not have open boundaries; (2) bare edge check, that is, detecting whether the mesh still has bare edges or unclosed boundaries; (3) non-manifold check, that is, detecting whether the mesh has non-manifold edges or abnormal topology to avoid subsequent slicing failure; (4) normal consistency check, that is, detecting whether the normal direction of each mesh surface is consistent to avoid the printing software from incorrectly identifying the relationship between the inside and outside of the model due to normal flipping.

[0285] When the above inspection results meet the preset requirements, the closed mesh model can be determined as the final model that can be used for 3D printing slices.

[0286] In one embodiment, Mesh Brep, Cap, or other mesh repair algorithms can be further used to automatically verify and repair local areas, thereby further improving model closure and printing reliability.

[0287] After generating the closed mesh model, the model can be exported to a data format suitable for 3D printing, such as STL, 3MF, OBJ, or other data formats supported by 3D printing, and then imported into 3D printing slicing software for slicing.

[0288] By employing the aforementioned closed mesh model generation method, this application organically combines front-end parametric texture generation with the back-end 3D printing manufacturing process, realizing a complete modeling workflow of "texture surface generation—meshing—inner and outer double-layer shell generation—open boundary connection—model verification." The closed mesh model that passes the aforementioned geometric integrity check has a preset shell size control relationship, confirming that it does not have unconnected open boundaries or non-manifold topology, and has a consistent mesh surface normal relationship. It can be recognized and processed by 3D printing slicing software, has no bare edges or non-manifold topology, and maintains consistent normal directions, thus meeting the requirements of 3D printing slicing software. This effectively improves the model's manufacturability, printing stability, and final molding quality.

[0289] Please see Figure 5a , Figure 5a The diagram shows an overall structural schematic of the curved texture model for 3D printing lampshades according to one embodiment of this application. As shown, the curved texture model 100 is generally jellyfish-shaped, with a maximum diameter of 245 mm and a height of 145 mm. The top of the curved texture model 100 has a top opening 110, and its outer side includes a textured surface 120 that closes around the lampshade. The textured surface 120 has multiple undulating textures that extend along the height direction of the lampshade and are continuously arranged around the lampshade, and the undulating textures are defined by the aforementioned multiple deformation structure lines.

[0290] The top opening 110 is a functional opening reserved in the curved texture model 100 according to the installation and usage requirements of the lampshade. It can be used to provide installation or passage space for lamp holders, light source components, connecting components, or wires. The top opening 110 is a functional opening reserved according to the installation and usage requirements of the lampshade, which is different from the unconnected open boundary in the closed mesh model. When generating the inner mesh layer and connecting the corresponding boundaries of the inner and outer mesh layers, a continuous sidewall connecting the inner and outer mesh layers can be formed around the periphery of the top opening 110, so that the final closed model's solid boundary does not have any unconnected open boundaries.

[0291] First, the basic shape of the lampshade is established using a subdivision surface method, such as creating the basic outline of the lampshade. Then, by adjusting the Subd control to define the vertices, edges, and surfaces, the lampshade has a pre-defined top tapering area, a central main body area, and a bottom area. Please refer to [link / reference]. Figure 5b and Figure 5c , Figure 5b This diagram illustrates the overall structure of the basic shape and parameter orientation of the lampshade used to generate the 3D printed lampshade in this embodiment, where U represents the first parameter orientation and V represents the second parameter orientation. Figure 5c This is a partial cross-sectional view of the basic shape of the lampshade in this embodiment, showing the first parameter direction, the second parameter direction, and the surface normal direction, as shown below. Figure 5b and 5c As shown, the basic shape of the lampshade 200 is generally jellyfish-shaped. Its first parameter direction U corresponds to the circumferential direction of the lampshade, and its second parameter direction V corresponds to the height direction of the lampshade. The basic shape of the lampshade includes a top tapering area, a middle main body area, and a bottom area. When establishing the basic shape, the Z-axis can be pre-set in the model coordinate system (e.g., ...). Figure 5b As shown, the lampshade is positioned along the Z-axis, extending from the bottom to the top. At this point, the basic modeling primarily determines the basic outer contour of the final textured model of the lampshade, without applying a sinusoidal texture. It should be noted that... Figure 5b In this example, Z represents the preset height axis in the model coordinate system, and V represents the second parameter direction of the parametric reference surface. In this embodiment, both generally correspond to the height extension direction of the lampshade, but Z is a fixed reference axis in the model coordinate system, while V is a parameter direction extending along the parametric reference surface. They are not the same geometric object.

[0292] Furthermore, such as Figure 5c As shown, at any local position on the parametric reference surface, the first parameter direction U and the second parameter direction V respectively correspond to the two local tangential directions of the parametric reference surface at that position, and together determine the surface tangent plane at that position. N represents the surface normal direction corresponding to the surface tangent plane. It should be noted that... Figure 5cThe normal direction N in the diagram is only used to indicate the normal direction of the parametric reference surface at a local location. As the surface position changes, the normal direction at the corresponding location also changes continuously with the surface shape. In the subsequent texture generation process, each sampling point undergoes a sinusoidal displacement according to the surface normal direction N at its location. The positive and negative signs of the normal displacement correspond to the displacement along the normal direction and its opposite direction, respectively.

[0293] Then, the Subd-form lampshade base shape is converted into a parametric reference surface suitable for subsequent parametric processing. Subd_to_Surface can be used to perform surface conversion on the Subd base shape, converting the Subd shape into a NURBS surface. For lampshade base shapes like the jellyfish shape, which form a continuous outer wall around the height axis, the first parameter direction corresponds to the circumferential direction of the lampshade; the second parameter direction corresponds to the height direction of the lampshade.

[0294] After determining the parameter direction, multiple isoparametric structure lines are extracted based on the parameter domain of the parameterized reference surface. In this embodiment, the number of structure lines can be set to 30-104 based on the circumferential size of the lampshade and the texture density. These multiple structure lines can also be divided into multiple texture control regions according to their circumferential arrangement, and the amplitude, period, or phase of each region can be controlled by different sinusoidal control parameter determination rules. The first parameter... Fixed to different parameter values, while making the second parameter By varying its parameters within a certain range, multiple structural lines are obtained. Each structural line extends along the direction of the second parameter, that is, from the bottom to the top along the height direction of the lampshade; the multiple structural lines correspond to different values ​​of the first parameter, therefore the structural lines are arranged sequentially along the direction of the first parameter, that is, around the circumference of the lampshade.

[0295] It should be noted that a single structural line is usually an open curve extending along the height of the lampshade, rather than a circumferentially closed curve. The actual closure is achieved by subsequently reconstructing a textured surface from multiple structural lines arranged circumferentially.

[0296] Please see Figure 5d and Figure 5e The image shown is a cross-sectional view of the curved texture model used for 3D printing lampshades in this embodiment from different perspectives. Figure 5a , Figure 5d as well as Figure 5eThe undulating textures in the textured surface 120 shown generally extend along the height direction of the lampshade and are arranged sequentially along the circumference of the lampshade. Individual undulating textures can form alternating raised and recessed areas at different height positions, and the raised and / or recessed positions of adjacent undulating textures can be staggered along the height direction of the lampshade. In the region near the top opening 110, the amplitude of the undulating textures can gradually decrease, thus allowing the textured surface 120 to smoothly connect with the periphery of the top opening 110. The aforementioned appearance is formed by performing position-related sinusoidal normal deformation on multiple structural lines on the parametric reference surface and then reconstructing the surface.

[0297] See further Figure 5d and Figure 5e By sectioning the curved texture model, the continuous spatial undulations formed by the textured surface 120 along the height and circumference of the lampshade can be observed, as well as the surface morphology of the lampshade model facing the interior space. For the model whose shell thickness has been processed subsequently, the outer textured surface and the inner surface located on its inner side together define the solid portion of the lampshade shell. It should be noted that... Figure 5d and Figure 5e The section edges formed by the sectioning are only used to show the internal geometric relationships of the model and do not indicate the existence of unconnected open boundaries in the final closed model.

[0298] After determining the structural lines, discrete sampling is performed on each structural line. The structural lines can be equally divided using a Divide Curve, or a Rebuild + Divide approach can be used to first reconstruct the structural lines and then sample them according to a preset number. In this embodiment, 100 sampling points are set for each structural line; for open structural lines, 100 sampling points correspond to 99 sampling segments.

[0299] To enable structural lines of varying lengths to be controlled using a uniform sinusoidal period, normalized sampling position parameters were further determined for each sampling point. Through arc length normalization, structural lines of different lengths can be mapped to a uniform 0-1 parameter scale, thus allowing for sinusoidal texture control using uniform parameters such as period quantity and phase.

[0300] The sinusoidal control parameters are determined based on the positions of the structure lines and / or sampling points in the parameter domain. These parameters include period control parameters, amplitude parameters, and phase parameters. In this embodiment, the period control parameter is represented by the target number of sinusoidal periods, N, which can be set to 6–24. The target number of sinusoidal periods, N, represents the number of periods formed by the sinusoidal texture along a complete structure line. When the normalized sampling position parameter t ranges from 0 to 1, the corresponding equivalent angular frequency is 2πN. The larger N is, the more texture periods are formed along the corresponding structure line. The amplitude ratio can be set to 0.06–0.13, where the amplitude ratio is a dimensionless proportional parameter used to determine the amplitude in conjunction with the reference depth or model scale. The initial phase can be set to 0, and the phase offset between adjacent structure lines can be set to π / 3, thus creating a 60° phase difference between adjacent structure lines. Based on this, the theoretical displacement is determined according to the sinusoidal function.

[0301] When the sampling density is insufficient, the spacing between adjacent sampling points may be too large relative to the period of the sinusoidal texture, resulting in a significant deviation between the texture curve generated from discrete sampling points and the theoretical sine function, thus affecting the control accuracy of the texture shape. Conversely, while a high sampling density can improve the representation accuracy of sinusoidal texture changes, it increases the amount of data and computation required for sampling, calculation, and model editing, potentially reducing model editing and processing efficiency. Therefore, the sampling density can be adjusted according to the scale of the target model, the number of sinusoidal texture periods N, and the distribution of sampling points, so that the sampling spacing matches the required sinusoidal texture period. For example, as the target model scale increases or the number of sinusoidal texture periods required per unit length increases, the sampling density can be increased accordingly to ensure that the spacing between adjacent sampling points is sufficient to represent the changes of the sine function at the corresponding positions.

[0302] Furthermore, a corresponding displacement limit range can be set based on the theoretical displacement determined by the sinusoidal control parameters to prevent the actual displacement of the sinusoidal texture from exceeding the preset model structure size, processing capability, or texture depth range. The limit range can be determined based on factors such as model size, reference depth, target texture depth, and printing or processing accuracy. When the theoretical displacement obtained from the sinusoidal control parameters does not exceed the limit range, the theoretical displacement can be used as the actual displacement; when the theoretical displacement exceeds the limit range, the theoretical displacement is restricted according to the limit range, and the limited displacement is used as the actual displacement. In other words, when there is a conflict between the theoretical amplitude and the preset limit range, the limit range takes precedence to ensure that the generated actual texture displacement meets the preset geometric dimensions and processing constraints.

[0303] In this approach, geometric constraints are imposed on the displacement amount before calculating the sinusoidal displacement or after determining the theoretical displacement. This reduces the risk of local reversal, self-intersection, or subsequent surface reconstruction failure due to excessive texture undulations. In the Grasshopper implementation, the upper limit of the allowable displacement can be determined based on the arc length spacing between adjacent sampling points. Parameter mapping components such as Remap Numbers are then used to map this arc length spacing to the corresponding allowable displacement range. The theoretical displacement amount is then limited to obtain the final normal displacement. This constraint is implemented before deformation occurs or during deformation calculation, reducing the risk of texture structure line reversal and self-intersection from the source.

[0304] After determining the final displacement, in the Grasshopper implementation, the normal vector is obtained using Evaluate Surface, and the normal vector corresponds to... Figure 5c The local normal direction N is shown in the diagram. Then, components such as Move and Vector are used to move the sampling points along the corresponding normal direction. In this way, the sampling points that were originally located on the reference surface are transformed into spatial sampling points with periodic undulations.

[0305] After completing the normal displacement of each sampling point, the corresponding deformation structure line is regenerated based on multiple deformation sampling points on the same structure line. These deformation sampling points are then interpolated, fitted, or reconstructed according to the original structure line order to obtain the deformation structure line. In the Grasshopper environment, components such as Interpolate and Rebuild can be used to reconstruct the curve of the deformation sampling points. Since each sampling point undergoes a sinusoidal displacement along the normal direction of the reference surface, the resulting deformation structure line has continuous periodic undulations.

[0306] After all structural lines have been deformed, they are reorganized according to their order along the first parameter direction, and arranged sequentially along the circumference of the lampshade. These deformed structural lines are then lofted to generate a textured surface. Since the first parameter direction is itself a closed parameter direction, during the lofting process, the deformed structural lines at both ends of the circumference are continuously connected, ensuring that the generated textured surface is closed along the first parameter direction.

[0307] After obtaining the textured surface, the surface is converted into a mesh based on the sampling density of the structure lines, and the textured surface is discretized into mesh surfaces. After obtaining the outer mesh layer, the unit normal vector corresponding to each mesh vertex is obtained, and the unit normal vector is projected onto a plane perpendicular to the preset height axis to obtain the corresponding horizontal projection direction. Based on the horizontal projection direction, the offset direction towards the interior of the lampshade base shape is determined, and each mesh vertex is moved along the offset direction by a preset offset distance, while keeping the coordinates of each mesh vertex unchanged in the preset height axis direction, thereby generating the inner mesh layer. In this embodiment, the offset distance parameter can be set to 0.06 to 0.15 model units in the original model coordinate system. The corresponding actual physical distance is determined based on the model units and the final scaling ratio. This value is the model unit value in the parametric model or a scaling parameter related to the model size. The corresponding actual physical distance should be determined based on the model units, the model scaling ratio, and the target printing size, and should not be directly interpreted as the actual wall thickness of 0.06 to 0.15 mm.

[0308] After generating the inner mesh layer, open boundary checks are performed on both the outer and inner mesh layers. For the bare edges corresponding to the outer and inner mesh layers, they are connected to form a continuous, closed mesh structure. After edge sealing, a closed mesh model without open boundaries is obtained.

[0309] After the above processing, the final closed model is exported in a data format suitable for 3D printing. For example, it can be output as STL, 3MF, OBJ, or other formats that can be read by 3D printing slicing software.

[0310] Subsequently, the output model is imported into slicing software for slicing. Parameters such as layer height, infill, and printing speed are set according to the printing equipment, printing material, and printing process to generate printing data for execution by the 3D printing equipment. Using the aforementioned jellyfish-shaped lampshade embodiment, multiple texture units extending along the height direction can be continuously arranged circumferentially along the lampshade while maintaining the lampshade's circumferential closure and overall macroscopic outline. The amplitude, period, and phase of the texture are adjusted according to the position of the structural lines and sampling points. The normalized arc length parameter ensures that structural lines of different lengths use a unified periodic control scale, while top amplitude attenuation and displacement limiting help reduce the risk of structural line folding, surface self-intersection, and mesh distortion in the top closing area. The resulting closed mesh model can be recognized by the slicing software and used for layer-by-layer forming of the lampshade shell.

[0311] In one embodiment, this application also provides a surface texture model generation system for 3D printed lampshades. The surface texture model generation system can run on computer equipment, parametric modeling workstations, servers, or other electronic devices with model processing capabilities. Please refer to [link to relevant documentation]. Figure 6 , Figure 6The diagram shown is a principle block diagram of the surface texture model generation system of this application in one embodiment. Figure 6 As shown, the surface texture model generation system 2 includes a reference surface acquisition module 21, a structure line determination module 22, a sinusoidal deformation module 23, a texture surface generation module 24, and a closed model generation module 25.

[0312] The reference surface acquisition module 21 is used to acquire the parametric reference surface corresponding to the basic shape of the lampshade. The parametric reference surface is closed in the first parameter direction and has a second parameter direction that intersects the first parameter direction.

[0313] The structure line determination module 22 is used to determine, based on the parameter domain of the parameterized reference surface, multiple structure lines extending along the second parameter direction and arranged along the first parameter direction, as well as multiple sampling points on each structure line.

[0314] The sinusoidal deformation module 23 is used to determine sinusoidal control parameters based on the position of the structure line and / or the sampling point in the parameter domain, and to determine the displacement of each sampling point along the normal of the parameterized reference surface based on the sinusoidal control parameters, wherein at least one of the sinusoidal control parameters changes with the position of the structure line and / or the sampling point in the parameter domain, and the displacement changes along the corresponding structure line according to a sinusoidal law.

[0315] The texture surface generation module 24 is used to generate corresponding deformation structure lines based on multiple sampling points after displacement, and generate a texture surface closed in the first parameter direction based on multiple deformation structure lines arranged along the first parameter direction.

[0316] The closed model generation module 25 is used to generate a closed model for 3D printing the lampshade based on the textured surface.

[0317] The modules described above can exchange reference surface data, parameter domain data, mesh data, and closed models via memory, data files, databases, message interfaces, or other data transmission methods. Each module can be implemented separately, or two or more modules can be integrated into a single program module. These modules can be implemented by a processor executing computer programs, or through dedicated hardware circuits or a combination of software and hardware.

[0318] The working principle of each module in the surface texture model generation system of this application is the same as that of the above-mentioned reference. Figures 1 to 4The steps in the described surface texture model generation method are the same or similar, and will not be repeated here. Through the cooperation of the above functional modules, parametric reference surface processing, structure line and sampling point organization, sinusoidal normal deformation, texture surface reconstruction and closed model generation can be formed into a continuous data processing chain, so that the same set of texture generation logic can be repeatedly called between different lampshade basic shapes, and it is convenient to adjust the parameters of different processing stages separately.

[0319] In one embodiment, this application also provides a method for manufacturing a 3D-printed lampshade housing. Please refer to [link / reference]. Figure 7 , Figure 7 The flowchart shown is a method for manufacturing a 3D-printed lampshade housing according to one embodiment of this application. Figure 7 As shown, the manufacturing method includes a model acquisition step S301, a model slicing step S302, and a layer-by-layer forming step S303.

[0320] Step S301: Obtain a closed model for 3D printing a lampshade. The closed model includes a textured surface closed in a first direction. The textured surface is defined by multiple deformation structure lines extending along a second direction intersecting the first direction and arranged along the first direction. The normal offset of each deformation structure line relative to the reference structure line corresponding to the basic shape of the lampshade varies sinusoidally along the second direction. At least one sinusoidal control parameter controlling the normal offset varies with the position of the deformation structure line in the first direction and / or the position on the deformation structure line.

[0321] The closed model can be obtained using the surface texture model generation method in any of the foregoing embodiments, or it can be read from a storage device, modeling workstation, or server. After the model is obtained, its dimensions, model units, mesh normals, closure, and shell thickness can be checked.

[0322] Step S302: Slice the closed model to obtain printing layer data. The slicing process can be performed by intersecting the closed model with multiple printing layer planes according to a preset layer thickness to obtain the contour data of each printing layer, and further generate material deposition path, exposure image, support data, or other printing control data adapted to the 3D printing process used.

[0323] After slicing is completed, step S303 is executed, controlling the 3D printing equipment to form a lampshade housing with the textured surface layer by layer according to the printed layer data. During the layer-by-layer forming process, the solid parts formed by each printed layer are interconnected and together form a lampshade housing corresponding to the closed model. The outer surface of the lampshade housing has a continuous undulating shape corresponding to the textured surface.

[0324] The 3D printing equipment referred to in this application is an additive manufacturing device capable of forming a solid lampshade shell layer by layer based on the printing layer data of the lampshade enclosure model. The 3D printing equipment may include a controller, a forming mechanism, a material supply mechanism, and a drive mechanism for driving the forming mechanism to perform layer-by-layer forming actions. The controller can receive printing layer data obtained from slicing and control material deposition, selective exposure, forming platform movement, and other layer-by-layer forming processes based on the printing layer data.

[0325] 3D printing equipment can be fused deposition modeling (FDM) equipment, photopolymerization (PPL) equipment, or other additive manufacturing equipment capable of forming the lampshade housing layer by layer based on a digital model. The specific form of the printed layer data can differ depending on the type of 3D printing equipment. For example, in FDM equipment, the printed layer data can be represented as the print head movement path and material extrusion commands; in PPL equipment, the printed layer data can be represented as the exposure patterns for each layer and the movement commands of the forming platform.

[0326] This application does not limit model generation, slicing, and 3D printing control to be performed by the same device. The closed model can be generated by computer equipment and transferred to the slicing device or 3D printing equipment, or the model reading, slicing, and printing control can be performed by a controller integrated into the 3D printing equipment.

[0327] In one embodiment, the 3D printing equipment uses a fused deposition modeling (FDM) process to form the lampshade housing. FDM involves heating thermoplastic printing material to a state where it can be extruded, and then having the print head extrude and deposit the material layer by layer according to the material deposition path corresponding to each layer. After the deposited material cools and solidifies, they connect to form the lampshade housing.

[0328] The printing material can be polylactic acid (PLA), ethylene glycol-modified polyethylene terephthalate (PETG), polycarbonate (PC), or other thermoplastic materials that can be formed by material extrusion. The printing layer data can include one or more of the following: the contour path, filling path, material extrusion amount, printing speed, printing temperature, and layer thickness for each printing layer. Specific materials, printing temperatures, layer thicknesses, and printing speeds can be selected based on lampshade size, light transmittance requirements, heat resistance requirements, and surface quality requirements.

[0329] In another embodiment, the 3D printing equipment employs a trough-type photopolymerization molding process to form the lampshade housing. The trough-type photopolymerization molding process refers to selectively curing the photopolymerization printing material in a material tank containing photopolymerization printing material according to the exposure pattern corresponding to each printing layer. Multiple cured layers are sequentially formed through the relative movement between the forming platform and the material tank, and these multiple cured layers are interconnected along the stacking direction to form the lampshade housing. The trough-type photopolymerization molding process includes stereolithography or other photopolymerization molding processes, including SLA, DLP, or LCD photopolymerization molding processes.

[0330] The slot-type photopolymerization molding process can employ laser scanning exposure, surface projection exposure, or display panel mask exposure. The corresponding printing layer data can include one or more of the following: cross-sectional pattern of each printing layer, exposure area, exposure time, layer thickness, forming platform motion parameters, and inter-layer waiting parameters. The photopolymer printing material can be selected based on the lampshade's light transmittance, color, surface quality, and heat resistance requirements. Using this manufacturing method, 3D printing factories can obtain a closed model already containing a predetermined continuous undulating texture, complete slicing, and form the lampshade shell layer by layer according to the printing layer data, without needing to re-perform front-end parametric texture modeling. The continuous texture geometry in the closed model can be transformed into the actual outer surface morphology of the lampshade shell through the printing layer data, thereby achieving the corresponding manufacturing from a digital texture model to a physical lampshade shell.

[0331] In one embodiment, this application also provides a 3D printed lampshade housing, the 3D printed lampshade housing being constructed according to the above-mentioned reference... Figure 7 The described method for manufacturing a 3D-printed lampshade housing is used. The 3D-printed lampshade housing can be a one-piece, layer-by-layer molded shell structure, with its outer surface having a continuous undulating shape corresponding to the textured surface in a closed model. The continuous undulating shape extends along the height direction of the lampshade and is continuously arranged circumferentially, with its normal undulation amount varying sinusoidally along the height direction, and at least one undulation parameter varying with either the circumferential or height position. The lampshade housing may have functional openings for mounting lamp holders, light source components, or wiring; the periphery of the functional openings forms continuous solid sidewalls, without affecting the sealing of the solid boundary of the lampshade housing.

[0332] In one specific embodiment, the aforementioned 3D printed lampshade housing is manufactured using a fused deposition modeling (FDM) process. The printing material used can be thermoplastic materials such as PLA, PETG, or rPETG, preferably a white or semi-transparent material with a certain degree of light transmittance, so as to meet the structural requirements of the lampshade housing while also ensuring light transmission. During the printing process, the layer thickness can be set to 0.6mm, 0.8mm, or 1mm, and the nozzle diameter can be selected as 0.4mm, 0.6mm, or 0.8mm; specific parameters can be selected and adjusted according to the lampshade size, texture undulation, molding efficiency, and light transmission requirements.

[0333] In this embodiment, the 3D-printed lampshade housing can be installed in a chandelier assembly. The opening at the top of the lampshade is for connection to the lamp holder assembly and for the power cord to pass through. Please refer to [link / reference]. Figure 8 The image shown is a schematic diagram of the 3D-printed lampshade housing in the unlit state of this embodiment. Figure 8 As can be seen, the lampshade housing 300 has an overall jellyfish-shaped appearance. The top opening 310 of the lampshade housing 300 is used to connect with the lamp holder assembly (not labeled). Its outer surface forms an undulating texture 320 that extends along the height direction and is continuously distributed along the circumference. Each undulating texture extends from the top area down to the bottom area, and the overall appearance is continuous and has a good three-dimensional sense.

[0334] Please refer to further information. Figure 9 The figure shows a schematic diagram of the 3D-printed lampshade housing in the illuminated state in this embodiment. As shown, when the internal light source of the lampshade is lit, the light can diffuse outward through the lampshade housing 300. The continuous undulating texture 320 maintains a continuous visual effect even when the light is transmitted, and the surface of the lampshade exhibits varying shades of light and dark that change with the texture. This demonstrates that the lampshade housing produced using the surface texture model generation and manufacturing methods described in this application can not only form a continuous and rhythmically changing surface texture appearance, but also can be actually printed and applied to lighting devices, exhibiting good manufacturability and practical application value.

[0335] Furthermore, by Figure 8 and Figure 9The photographs also show that the transition between the top opening area 310 and the main textured area of ​​the lampshade housing is smooth, and the texture undulations in the adjacent top area are relatively gentle, which helps to maintain the structural stability of the opening periphery when installing the lamp holder assembly. The texture edges in the bottom area form a continuously arranged wavy outline along the circumference, thus giving the lampshade a strong decorative and distinctive overall shape. It should be understood that the above photographs are only examples of one specific implementation of this application and do not constitute a limitation on the overall size of the lampshade, the type of material, the printing parameters, the lamp installation method, or the specific appearance of the texture. Adjustments can be made accordingly without departing from the concept of this application.

[0336] In one embodiment, this application also provides a computer device. See also... Figure 10 , Figure 10 The diagram shown is a structural block diagram of the computer device according to one embodiment of this application. Figure 10 As shown, the computer device 4 includes a processor 41 and a memory 42, wherein the memory 42 stores a computer program. The processor 41 may include a central processing unit, a graphics processing unit, or other processor capable of performing model generation and mesh processing operations. The memory 42 may be used to store the computer program, parametric reference surfaces and their parameter domain data, structure lines and sampling point data, sinusoidal control parameter data, mesh data, and the generated closed model.

[0337] When the processor 41 executes the computer program, it can implement the aforementioned surface texture model generation method. In other words, when the computer program is executed, it can implement steps S101 to S105; when the computer program is used to implement any dependent implementation, it also executes additional processing steps corresponding to that dependent implementation.

[0338] Computer device 4 may also include a display device, an input device, a bus, and a communication interface 43. The display device can be used to display the basic shape of the lampshade, the curved surface texture model of the lampshade, and the closed model; the input device can be used to input modeling parameters such as the reference surface, amplitude mapping relationship, reference amplitude parameters, parameter range, and shell thickness parameters; the communication interface 43 can be used to receive model data or send the generated model file to a slicing device, a 3D printing device, or other computer devices.

[0339] The bus can be a Peripheral Component Interconnect (PCI) bus, an Extended Industry Standard Architecture (EISA) bus, or other data transmission buses. Buses can be categorized as address buses, data buses, control buses, etc. For ease of representation, only one line is used in the diagram, but this does not imply that there is only one bus or one type of bus. A bus can include pathways for transmitting information between various components of a computing device (e.g., memory, processor, communication interfaces). Communication interfaces can employ transceiver modules such as network interface cards and transceivers to enable communication between the computer device and other devices or communication networks.

[0340] In one embodiment, this application also provides a computer-readable storage medium. The computer-readable storage medium stores a computer program, which, when executed by a processor, implements the aforementioned surface texture model generation method. The computer-readable storage medium can be a non-transitory storage medium, such as a semiconductor memory, magnetic storage medium, optical storage medium, or other tangible storage medium capable of storing a computer program and being read by a processor.

[0341] When the computer program is implemented as a software functional unit, it can be stored in a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium. The computer-readable storage medium may include semiconductor memory, magnetic storage medium, optical storage medium, flash memory, USB flash drive, portable hard drive, or other tangible storage medium capable of storing the computer program and being read by a processor, but excluding carrier waves, signals, or other temporary media. When the computer program is executed by the processor, it implements the complete technical steps of the aforementioned surface texture model generation method; when used to implement a corresponding dependent implementation, it also executes additional processing steps corresponding to that dependent implementation.

[0342] In one embodiment, this application also provides a computer program product. The computer program product includes a computer program or program instructions, which, when executed by a processor, cause the processor to perform the aforementioned surface texture model generation method. The computer program product may be provided in the form of a standalone modeling program, a parametric modeling plugin, a script program, a server-side program, or other software.

[0343] In one or more exemplary embodiments, the functions for implementing the surface texture model generation method described in this application can be implemented by hardware, software, firmware, or any combination thereof. When implemented in software, these functions can be stored or transmitted as one or more instructions or code onto a computer-readable medium. The steps of the methods or algorithms disclosed in this application can be embodied in processor-executable software modules, wherein the processor-executable software modules can reside on tangible, non-transitory computer-readable and writable storage media. Tangible, non-transitory computer-readable and writable storage media can be any available medium accessible to a computer.

[0344] The flowcharts and block diagrams in the accompanying drawings illustrate the architecture, functionality, and operation that may be implemented in the systems, methods, and computer program products of various embodiments of this application. Based on this, each block in a flowchart or block diagram may represent a module, segment, or portion of code containing one or more executable instructions for implementing a specified logical function. It should also be noted that in some alternative implementations, the functions marked in the blocks may occur in a different order than those shown in the drawings. For example, two consecutively indicated blocks may actually be executed substantially in parallel, and they may sometimes be executed in reverse order, depending on the functions involved. It should also be noted that each block in the block diagrams and / or flowcharts, and combinations of blocks in the block diagrams and / or flowcharts, can be implemented by a dedicated hardware-based system that performs the specified function or operation, or by a combination of dedicated hardware and computer instructions.

[0345] In summary, the surface texture model generation method and system for 3D printed lampshades, the 3D printed lampshade shell and its manufacturing method, computer equipment, computer-readable storage medium, and computer program product provided in this application, by organizing multiple structure lines and their sampling points within the parameter domain of a parameterized reference surface, and adjusting the sinusoidal control parameters according to the positions of the structure lines and / or sampling points in the parameter domain, causes the sampling points to generate displacements along the normal of the parameterized reference surface according to a sinusoidal law. This enables the formation of continuous, rhythmic, and position-dependent undulating textures on the complex curved surface of the lampshade. Since the texture changes correspond to the parameter directions and structure line arrangement of the parameterized reference surface, the continuity and overall coordination of the texture in the circumferential and height directions of the lampshade can be well maintained, reducing the problems of seam misalignment, local abrupt changes, and texture discontinuities that easily occur when using two-dimensional texture mapping, manual curve splicing, or direct mesh deformation. Simultaneously, by adjusting the sinusoidal control parameters, the undulation amplitude, variation period, phase relationship, and local distribution law of the texture can be easily changed, thereby improving the adjustability and repeatability of complex curved surface lampshade texture modeling. Furthermore, generating circumferentially closed textured surfaces based on multiple deformation structure lines and forming a closed model is beneficial to improving the surface continuity, closure, and applicability of subsequent slicing processing of the model, thereby facilitating the acquisition of lampshade models suitable for 3D printing manufacturing.

[0346] The above embodiments are merely illustrative of the inventive essence and beneficial effects of this application, and are not intended to limit this application. Any person skilled in the art can modify or alter the above embodiments without departing from the principles and scope of this application. Therefore, all equivalent modifications or alterations achieved by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and technical concept disclosed in this application should still be covered by the claims of this application.

Claims

1. A method for generating curved surface texture models for 3D printed lampshades, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: Obtain the parametric reference surface corresponding to the basic shape of the lampshade. The parametric reference surface is closed in a first parameter direction and has a second parameter direction that intersects the first parameter direction. Based on the parameter domain of the parameterized reference surface, multiple structural lines extending along the second parameter direction and arranged along the first parameter direction are determined, as well as multiple sampling points on each of the structural lines. Sine control parameters are determined based on the positions of the structure line and / or the sampling points in the parameter domain, and the displacement of each sampling point along the normal of the parameterized reference surface is determined based on the sine control parameters, wherein at least one of the sine control parameters varies with the positions of the structure line and / or the sampling points in the parameter domain, and the displacement varies along the corresponding structure line according to a sine law; Based on multiple sampling points after displacement, corresponding deformation structure lines are generated, and based on multiple deformation structure lines arranged along the first parameter direction, a textured surface closed in the first parameter direction is generated; and A closed model for 3D printing the lampshade is generated based on the textured surface.

2. The method for generating a curved surface texture model according to claim 1, characterized in that, The steps for obtaining the parametric reference surface include: Obtain the basic shape of the lampshade constructed in the form of subdivided surfaces; Convert the subdivided surface into the parametric reference surface; and The closure state of the parameterized reference surface is detected in two parameter directions. One parameter direction that closes the parameterized reference surface is selected from the two parameter directions as the first parameter direction, and the other parameter direction is determined as the second parameter direction.

3. The method for generating a curved surface texture model according to claim 1, characterized in that, The lampshade base shape has a preset height axis in the model coordinate system, the first parameter direction is the circumferential parameter direction extending around the preset height axis, the parameterized reference surface is closed in the first parameter direction, and the second parameter direction is the axial parameter direction corresponding to the extension direction of the preset height axis. The parameterized reference surface is parameterized with a first parameter corresponding to the first parameter direction and a second parameter corresponding to the second parameter direction; The first parameter is fixed to multiple different parameter values, and the second parameter is varied to determine multiple isoparametric structural lines extending along the direction of the second parameter, and the multiple structural lines are arranged along the direction of the first parameter.

4. The method for generating a curved surface texture model according to claim 1, characterized in that, Each of the aforementioned structural lines has a starting end and an ending end; for each of the aforementioned sampling points, the ratio of the cumulative arc length of the sampling point from the starting end of the corresponding structural line to the total arc length of the corresponding structural line is determined as the normalized sampling position parameter of the sampling point on the corresponding structural line, so that the starting end and the ending end of the structural line correspond to normalized sampling position parameters with values ​​of 0 and 1, respectively.

5. The method for generating a curved surface texture model according to claim 4, characterized in that, The sinusoidal control parameters include amplitude parameters, period control parameters, and phase parameters. The period control parameters are used to characterize the number of target sinusoidal periods on the corresponding structural line. The step of determining the displacement of each of the sampling points includes: The sine phase corresponding to each sampling point is determined based on the normalized sampling position parameters of each sampling point, the number of target sine cycles, and the phase parameters. as well as The displacement of the corresponding sampling point is determined based on the sine function value corresponding to the sine phase and the amplitude parameter.

6. The method for generating a curved surface texture model according to claim 1, characterized in that, The sinusoidal control parameters include amplitude parameters, and the steps for determining the sinusoidal control parameters include: Based on the position of each sampling point on the corresponding structural line, the amplitude adjustment coefficient corresponding to each sampling point is determined according to a preset amplitude mapping relationship; and The preset reference amplitude parameters are adjusted according to the amplitude adjustment coefficient to determine the amplitude parameters of the corresponding sampling points; wherein, the amplitude mapping relationship characterizes the correspondence between the position of each sampling point on the corresponding structural line and the amplitude adjustment coefficient.

7. The method for generating a curved surface texture model according to claim 6, characterized in that, The lampshade base shape has a top end in the second parameter direction; a preset parameter range near the top end in the second parameter direction is defined as the top gradient region, and the amplitude mapping relationship causes the amplitude parameter of the sampling point located in the top gradient region to gradually decrease as the sampling point approaches the top end.

8. The method for generating a surface texture model according to claim 1, characterized in that, The sinusoidal control parameters include phase parameters, and the step of determining the sinusoidal control parameters includes: determining different phase parameters for at least one pair of adjacent structural lines along the direction of the first parameter, so that the peak positions and / or trough positions of the deformation structural lines corresponding to the at least one pair of adjacent structural lines are staggered along the direction of the second parameter.

9. The method for generating a curved surface texture model according to claim 1, characterized in that, The steps for determining the sinusoidal control parameters include: Based on at least one of the arrangement order of the structural lines in the first parameter direction and the position of the structural lines in the parameter domain, the plurality of structural lines are divided into a plurality of structural line groups; and The sinusoidal control parameters are determined for each of the aforementioned structural line groups; wherein, the structural lines in the same structural line group adopt the same sinusoidal control parameter determination rules, and at least one of the sinusoidal control parameter determination rules, sinusoidal control parameter reference values, and sinusoidal control parameter variation ranges differs for different structural line groups.

10. The method for generating a surface texture model according to claim 1, characterized in that, The step of determining the normal displacement of each sampling point includes: Determine the arc length spacing along the same structural line between every two adjacent sampling points; For each of the sampling points, the minimum value of the arc length spacing between the sampling point and the adjacent sampling point along the corresponding structural line is determined as the minimum arc length spacing of the corresponding sampling point. The upper limit of allowable displacement for the corresponding sampling points is determined based on the minimum arc length spacing, wherein the upper limit of allowable displacement is not greater than the minimum arc length spacing; and The absolute value of the displacement at the corresponding sampling point is limited to no more than the upper limit of the allowable displacement.

11. The method for generating a surface texture model according to claim 1, characterized in that, The steps for generating the closed model based on the textured surface include: Obtain the preset shell thickness parameters; Convert the textured surface into an outer mesh layer; The offset distance is determined based on the preset shell thickness parameter, and the outer mesh layer is offset by the offset distance toward the interior of the lampshade base shape to generate an inner mesh layer; and Connect the corresponding open boundaries of the outer mesh layer and the inner mesh layer to generate a closed mesh model without open boundaries, which serves as the closed model.

12. The method for generating a curved surface texture model according to claim 11, characterized in that, The basic shape of the lampshade has a preset height axis in the model coordinate system; the steps for generating the inner mesh layer include: For mesh vertices in the outer mesh layer whose projection length of the normal vector in a plane perpendicular to the preset height axis is greater than zero, determine the projection direction of the normal vector in that plane toward the interior of the lampshade base shape; and The mesh vertex is moved along the projection direction by an offset distance determined according to the preset shell thickness parameter, while keeping the coordinates of the mesh vertex unchanged in the preset height axis direction. The moved mesh vertex is then determined as the inner layer mesh vertex corresponding to the original mesh vertex in the inner mesh layer.

13. A system for generating curved surface texture models for 3D printed lampshades, characterized in that, include: The reference surface acquisition module is used to acquire the parametric reference surface corresponding to the basic shape of the lampshade. The parametric reference surface is closed in a first parameter direction and has a second parameter direction that intersects the first parameter direction. The structure line determination module is used to determine, based on the parameter domain of the parameterized reference surface, multiple structure lines extending along the second parameter direction and arranged along the first parameter direction, as well as multiple sampling points on each of the structure lines; A sinusoidal deformation module is used to determine sinusoidal control parameters based on the positions of the structure line and / or the sampling points in the parameter domain, and to determine the displacement of each sampling point along the normal of the parameterized reference surface based on the sinusoidal control parameters, wherein at least one of the sinusoidal control parameters changes with the positions of the structure line and / or the sampling points in the parameter domain, and the displacement changes along the corresponding structure line according to a sinusoidal law; A texture surface generation module is used to generate corresponding deformation structure lines based on multiple sampling points after displacement, and to generate a closed texture surface in the first parameter direction based on multiple deformation structure lines arranged along the first parameter direction; and A closed model generation module is used to generate a closed model for 3D printing the lampshade based on the textured surface.

14. A method for manufacturing a 3D-printed lampshade housing, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: Obtain a closed model for 3D printing a lampshade. The closed model includes a textured surface closed in a first direction. The textured surface is defined by a plurality of deformation structure lines extending along a second direction intersecting the first direction and arranged along the first direction. The normal offset of each deformation structure line relative to a reference structure line corresponding to the basic shape of the lampshade varies sinusoidally along the second direction. At least one sinusoidal control parameter controlling the normal offset varies with the position of the deformation structure line in the first direction and / or the position on the deformation structure line. The closed model is sliced ​​to obtain the printing layer data; as well as Based on the printed layer data, the 3D printing equipment is controlled to form a lampshade housing with the textured surface layer by layer.

15. The method for manufacturing a 3D printed lampshade housing according to claim 14, characterized in that, The closed model is generated using the surface texture model generation method described in any one of claims 1 to 12.

16. The method for manufacturing a 3D printed lampshade housing according to claim 14, characterized in that, The 3D printing equipment uses either fused deposition modeling (FDM) or trough photopolymerization (TPV) to form the lampshade housing layer by layer.

17. A 3D printed lampshade housing, characterized in that, The 3D printed lampshade housing is manufactured by the method of manufacturing a 3D printed lampshade housing according to any one of claims 14 to 16.

18. A computer device, characterized in that, The method includes a memory and a processor, wherein the memory stores a computer program, and the processor executes the computer program to implement the surface texture model generation method according to any one of claims 1 to 12.

19. A computer-readable storage medium, characterized in that, The computer-readable storage medium stores a computer program, which, when executed by a processor, implements the surface texture model generation method according to any one of claims 1 to 12.

20. A computer program product, characterized in that, The method includes a computer program that, when executed by a processor, implements the surface texture model generation method according to any one of claims 1 to 12.

Images