A method for improving the stability of a perovskite photovoltaic cell module

Abstract

The present application belongs to the technical field of perovskite photovoltaic cell module, and relates to a method for improving the stability of a perovskite photovoltaic cell module. The method comprises the following steps: performing double-beam laser P2 processing on a second transport layer, a first beam sequentially cuts off the second transport layer, a perovskite layer and a first transport layer, a bottom conductive layer is exposed, a second beam performs off-focus cutting on the second transport layer, a second transport layer is reserved on the top, and the perovskite layer and the first transport layer below the second transport layer are cut off; wherein the first beam is close to the position of P1 grooving, and the second beam is located between P1 grooving and the first beam. The present application avoids the problem that the top electrode layer preparation material deposited in the cutting groove directly contacts the perovskite, effectively isolates the perovskite from the top electrode layer preparation material, avoids chemical reaction and ion migration between the two, and prevents the decomposition of the perovskite, thereby improving the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the perovskite photovoltaic cell module and reducing the ultraviolet light attenuation.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of perovskite photovoltaic cell module technology, and specifically relates to a method for improving the stability of perovskite photovoltaic cell modules. Background Technology

[0002] During the fabrication process of perovskite photovoltaic modules, the modules are exposed to air without being encapsulated. Furthermore, during laser cutting, a large number of film layers are exposed in the longitudinal structure of the modules. Without the protection of carrier transport layers, interface layers, or electrodes, these exposed film layers are prone to decomposition and degradation. Even after encapsulation, they may still become weak points, affecting the stability of the modules. Summary of the Invention

[0003] The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a method for improving the stability of perovskite photovoltaic cell modules. By using two laser beams for precise cutting and adopting special beam adjustment and cutting sequence, the perovskite film layer is effectively protected after cutting, preventing the film layer from being exposed to air, thereby significantly improving the stability of perovskite photovoltaic cell modules.

[0004] This invention is implemented by providing a method for improving the stability of perovskite photovoltaic cell modules, comprising the following steps: Step 1: Perform laser P1 scribing on the substrate with the conductive layer attached. The resulting P1 grooves divide the conductive layer into multiple sub-cell regions. Step 2: Clean the conductive layer after P1 is etched, and then prepare the first transport layer, the perovskite layer and the second transport layer on its surface in sequence. Step 3: Perform dual-beam laser P2 processing on the second transmission layer. The first beam sequentially cuts the second transmission layer, the perovskite layer, and the first transmission layer, exposing the conductive layer at the bottom. The second beam defocuses the second transmission layer, leaving the second transmission layer intact, and cuts off the perovskite layer and the first transmission layer at the bottom of the second transmission layer. The first beam is close to the location of the P1 groove, and the second beam is located between the P1 groove and the first beam, with one side of the second beam coinciding with the first beam. Step 4: Deposit a top electrode layer on the surface of the second transport layer, and perform laser P3 marking on the top electrode layer to complete the fabrication of the perovskite photovoltaic cell module; wherein, the obtained P3 groove sequentially cuts off the top electrode layer, the second transport layer, the perovskite layer and the first transport layer, exposing the conductive layer at the bottom, and the P3 groove is close to the location of the first beam.

[0005] Furthermore, in step three, the first beam uses a green (532nm) laser or a red (1064nm) laser, with a spot size of 20-50 micrometers.

[0006] Furthermore, in step three, the second beam uses a green (532nm) laser or a red (1064nm) laser, with a spot size of 10-20 micrometers.

[0007] Compared with existing technologies, the method for improving the stability of perovskite photovoltaic cell modules in this invention involves dual-beam laser P2 processing of the second transport layer. The first beam sequentially cuts the second transport layer, the perovskite layer, and the first transport layer, exposing the conductive layer at the bottom. The second beam defocuses the second transport layer, retaining it while cutting off the perovskite layer and the first transport layer below it. The retained second transport layer falls down to cover the perovskite layer on the side of the cut groove, preventing the perovskite at the cut groove from being directly exposed to the air and effectively isolating the perovskite from water and oxygen in the air. Furthermore, during the subsequent preparation of the top electrode layer, the problem of the top electrode layer preparation material deposited in the cut groove directly contacting the perovskite is avoided. The perovskite and the top electrode layer preparation material are effectively isolated, preventing chemical reactions and ion migration that could lead to perovskite decomposition, thus significantly improving the stability of the module. The conventional method to prevent contact between perovskite and the top electrode layer is to deposit an interface layer. This invention achieves the same barrier effect using an existing transport layer by improving the laser cutting process, significantly reducing the process and time costs associated with depositing the interface layer. The improved laser cutting method not only increases the photoelectric conversion efficiency of perovskite photovoltaic modules but also significantly reduces UV light degradation, extending their lifespan. Furthermore, the method of this invention has high adaptability and can be applied to large-scale production, further improving production efficiency and reducing costs. Attached Figure Description

[0008] Figure 1 A schematic plan view of the internal structure of a titanium dioxide photovoltaic module prepared by the method for improving the stability of perovskite photovoltaic modules according to the present invention. Figure 2 for Figure 1 SEM image of a cut cross-section of a titanium dioxide photovoltaic cell module; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram showing the light aging degradation curves of the perovskite photovoltaic cell modules prepared in Example 1 and Comparative Example 1. Detailed Implementation

[0009] To make the technical problems to be solved, the technical solutions, and the beneficial effects of the present invention clearer, the present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention.

[0010] Please refer to Figure 1As shown in the preferred embodiment of the method for improving the stability of perovskite photovoltaic cell modules according to the present invention, the method includes the following steps: Step 1: Laser P1 scribing is performed on the substrate 1 with the conductive layer 2 attached, and the resulting P1 grooves 7 divide the conductive layer 2 into multiple sub-cell regions.

[0011] Step 2: Clean the conductive layer 2 after P1 is etched, and then prepare the first transport layer 3, the perovskite layer 4, and the second transport layer 5 on its surface in sequence.

[0012] Step 3: Perform dual-beam laser processing (P2) on the second transmission layer 5. The first beam sequentially cuts through the second transmission layer 5, the perovskite layer 4, and the first transmission layer 3, exposing the conductive layer 2 at the bottom, resulting in a P2′ groove 8. The second beam defocuses the second transmission layer 5, retaining the upper portion of the second transmission layer 5, and cuts through the lower portion of the perovskite layer 4 and the first transmission layer 3, resulting in a P2″ groove 9. The first beam is positioned close to the location of the P1 groove 7, and the second beam is located between the P1 groove 7 and the first beam, with one side coinciding with the first beam. The P2′ groove 8 and the P2″ groove 9 together form the P2 groove.

[0013] Step 4: Deposit the top electrode layer 6 on the surface of the second transport layer 5 by laser evaporation, and then perform laser P3 marking on the top electrode layer 6 to obtain P3 grooves 11, thus completing the fabrication of the perovskite photovoltaic cell module. The obtained P3 grooves 11 sequentially cut through the top electrode layer 6, the second transport layer 5, the perovskite layer 4, and the first transport layer 3, exposing the conductive layer 2 at the bottom. The P3 grooves 11 are located near the position of the first beam.

[0014] In step three, the first beam uses a green or red laser with a spot size of 20-50 micrometers. The second beam uses a green or red laser with a spot size of 10-20 micrometers.

[0015] Please refer to Figure 2 As shown, the P2 defocus cutting area corresponds to the location of the second beam, and the P2 normal cutting area corresponds to the location of the first beam. The upper transmission layer corresponds to the second transmission layer 5. Within the P2 defocus cutting area, after the upper transmission layer collapses and falls, it covers the perovskite layer section located to its left, preventing the perovskite layer at the P2″ groove 9 from being directly exposed to the air, effectively isolating the perovskite from water and oxygen in the air.

[0016] The following specific embodiments and comparative examples further illustrate the method of improving the stability of perovskite photovoltaic cell modules according to the present invention.

[0017] Example 1

[0018] The first embodiment of the method for improving the stability of perovskite photovoltaic cell modules according to the present invention includes the following steps: Step 11: The 6cm×6cm glass substrate 1 with the prepared ITO conductive layer 2 is sequentially cleaned with soap solution, deionized water, acetone and isopropanol. The ITO conductive layer 2 is then laser-etched with P1 grooves, and the resulting P1 grooves divide the conductive layer 2 into multiple sub-cell regions.

[0019] Step 12: Clean the ITO conductive layer 2 after P1 is etched, treat it with plasma for 15 minutes, and then sequentially prepare the first transport layer 3, the perovskite layer 4, and the second transport layer 5 on its surface.

[0020] Step 13: Perform dual-beam laser processing (P2) on the second transmission layer 5. The first beam is nanosecond green light with a spot size of 20 micrometers. The first beam sequentially cuts through the second transmission layer 5, the perovskite layer 4, and the first transmission layer 3, exposing the conductive layer 2 at the bottom, resulting in a P2′ groove 8. The second beam is picosecond green light with a spot size of 10 micrometers. The second beam defocuses and cuts through the second transmission layer 5, leaving the second transmission layer 5 intact at the top and cutting through the perovskite layer 4 and the first transmission layer 3 at the bottom of the second transmission layer 5, resulting in a P2″ groove 9. The first beam is located close to the location of the P1 groove 7, and the second beam is located between the P1 groove 7 and the first beam, with one side of the second beam coinciding with the first beam. The P2′ groove 8 and the P2″ groove 9 together form the P2 groove.

[0021] Step 14: Deposit the top electrode layer 6 on the surface of the second transport layer 5 by laser etch, and then perform laser P3 scribing on the top electrode layer 6 to obtain P3 grooves 11, thus completing the fabrication of the perovskite photovoltaic cell module. The obtained P3 grooves 11 sequentially cut through the top electrode layer 6, the second transport layer 5, the perovskite layer 4, and the first transport layer 3, exposing the conductive layer 2 at the bottom. The P3 grooves 11 are located near the position of the first beam.

[0022] Example 2

[0023] A second embodiment of the method for improving the stability of perovskite photovoltaic cell modules according to the present invention includes the following steps: Step 21: The 6cm×6cm glass substrate 1 with the prepared ITO conductive layer 2 is sequentially cleaned with soap solution, deionized water, acetone and isopropanol. The ITO conductive layer 2 is then laser-etched with P1 grooves, and the resulting P1 grooves 7 divide the conductive layer 2 into multiple sub-cell regions.

[0024] Step 22: Clean the ITO conductive layer 2 after P1 is etched, treat it with plasma for 15 minutes, and then sequentially prepare the first transport layer 3, the perovskite layer 4, and the second transport layer 5 on its surface.

[0025] Step 23: Perform dual-beam laser P2 processing on the second transmission layer 5. The first beam is red light with a spot size of 50 micrometers. The first beam sequentially cuts through the second transmission layer 5, the perovskite layer 4, and the first transmission layer 3, exposing the conductive layer 2 at the bottom, resulting in the P2′ groove 8. The second beam is picosecond green light with a spot size of 20 micrometers. The second beam defocuses and cuts through the second transmission layer 5, leaving the second transmission layer 5 intact at the top, while cutting through the perovskite layer 4 and the first transmission layer 3 at the bottom of the second transmission layer 5, resulting in the P2″ groove 9. The first beam is located close to the location of the P1 groove 7, and the second beam is located between the P1 groove 7 and the first beam, with one side of the second beam coinciding with the first beam. The P2′ groove 8 and the P2″ groove 9 together form the P2 groove.

[0026] Step 24: Deposit the top electrode layer 6 on the surface of the second transport layer 5 by laser etch, and then perform laser P3 scribing on the top electrode layer 6 to obtain P3 grooves 11, thus completing the fabrication of the perovskite photovoltaic cell module. The obtained P3 grooves 11 sequentially cut through the top electrode layer 6, the second transport layer 5, the perovskite layer 4, and the first transport layer 3, exposing the conductive layer 2 at the bottom. The P3 grooves 11 are located near the position of the first beam.

[0027] Example 3

[0028] A third embodiment of the method for improving the stability of perovskite photovoltaic cell modules according to the present invention includes the following steps: Step 31: The 6cm×6cm glass substrate 1 with the prepared ITO conductive layer 2 is sequentially cleaned with soap solution, deionized water, acetone and isopropanol. The ITO conductive layer 2 is then laser-etched with P1 grooves, and the resulting P1 grooves divide the conductive layer 2 into multiple sub-cell regions.

[0029] Step 32: Clean the ITO conductive layer 2 after P1 is etched, treat it with plasma for 15 minutes, and then sequentially prepare the first transport layer 3, the perovskite layer 4 and the second transport layer 5 on its surface.

[0030] Step 33: Perform dual-beam laser P2 processing on the second transmission layer 5. The first beam is red light with a spot size of 40 micrometers. The first beam sequentially cuts through the second transmission layer 5, the perovskite layer 4, and the first transmission layer 3, exposing the conductive layer 2 at the bottom, resulting in the P2′ groove 8. The second beam is picosecond green light with a spot size of 15 micrometers. The second beam defocuses and cuts through the second transmission layer 5, leaving the second transmission layer 5 intact at the top, and cutting through the perovskite layer 4 and the first transmission layer 3 at the bottom of the second transmission layer 5, resulting in the P2″ groove 9. The first beam is located close to the location of the P1 groove 7, and the second beam is located between the P1 groove 7 and the first beam, with one side of the second beam coinciding with the first beam. The P2′ groove 8 and the P2″ groove 9 together form the P2 groove.

[0031] Step 34: Deposit the top electrode layer 6 on the surface of the second transport layer 5 by laser etch, and then perform laser P3 scribing on the top electrode layer 6 to obtain P3 grooves 11, thus completing the fabrication of the perovskite photovoltaic cell module. The obtained P3 grooves 11 sequentially cut through the top electrode layer 6, the second transport layer 5, the perovskite layer 4, and the first transport layer 3, exposing the conductive layer 2 at the bottom. The P3 grooves 11 are located near the position of the first beam.

[0032] Comparative Example 1 The difference between this comparative example and Example 1 is that, in step 13, Comparative Example 1 uses a single laser beam for P2 scribing and does not perform the second beam processing step. The other steps and conditions are the same as in Example 1 and will not be repeated here.

[0033] The efficiency of the perovskite photovoltaic cell module prepared in Example 1 was tested. Five perovskite photovoltaic cell modules were tested respectively, and the average efficiency was 23.07%.

[0034] The efficiency of the perovskite photovoltaic cell module prepared in Comparative Example 1 was tested. Five perovskite photovoltaic cell modules were tested respectively, and the average efficiency was 21.93%.

[0035] The efficiency data of the perovskite photovoltaic cell modules of Example 1 and Comparative Example 1 are compiled into Table 1.

[0036] Table 1. Efficiency data of perovskite photovoltaic cell modules prepared in Example 1 and Comparative Example 1.

[0037] Table 1 shows that, compared with Comparative Example 1, the efficiency of Example 1 is improved by an average of 5.20%.

[0038] The perovskite photovoltaic cell modules prepared in Example 1 (after improvement) and Comparative Example 1 (before improvement) were subjected to light aging degradation tests, and the results were as follows: Figure 3 The aging degradation comparison curves are shown.

[0039] from Figure 3 It can be observed that the perovskite photovoltaic module before the improvement has a degradation of 50% after UV-30kWh illumination, while the improved perovskite photovoltaic module has a degradation of only 2% under the same conditions. The perovskite photovoltaic cell module prepared by this invention has better stability.

[0040] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, and improvements made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for improving the stability of perovskite photovoltaic cell modules, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: Step 1: Perform laser P1 scribing on the substrate with the conductive layer attached. The resulting P1 grooves divide the conductive layer into multiple sub-cell regions. Step 2: Clean the conductive layer after P1 is etched, and then prepare the first transport layer, the perovskite layer and the second transport layer on its surface in sequence. Step 3: Perform dual-beam laser P2 processing on the second transmission layer. The first beam sequentially cuts the second transmission layer, the perovskite layer, and the first transmission layer, exposing the conductive layer at the bottom. The second beam defocuses the second transmission layer, leaving the second transmission layer intact, and cuts off the perovskite layer and the first transmission layer at the bottom of the second transmission layer. The first beam is close to the location of the P1 groove, and the second beam is located between the P1 groove and the first beam, with one side of the second beam coinciding with the first beam. Step 4: Deposit a top electrode layer on the surface of the second transport layer, and perform laser P3 marking on the top electrode layer to complete the fabrication of the perovskite photovoltaic cell module; wherein, the obtained P3 groove sequentially cuts off the top electrode layer, the second transport layer, the perovskite layer and the first transport layer, exposing the conductive layer at the bottom, and the P3 groove is close to the location of the first beam.

2. The method for improving the stability of perovskite photovoltaic cell modules as described in claim 1, characterized in that, In step three, the first beam uses a green or red laser with a spot size of 20-50 micrometers.

3. The method for improving the stability of perovskite photovoltaic cell modules as described in claim 1, characterized in that, In step three, the second beam uses a green or red laser with a spot size of 10-20 micrometers.

4. The method for improving the stability of perovskite photovoltaic cell modules as described in claim 1, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: Step 11: The 6cm×6cm glass substrate with the prepared ITO conductive layer is cleaned sequentially with soap solution, deionized water, acetone and isopropanol. The ITO conductive layer is then laser-etched with P1 grooves, which divide the conductive layer into multiple sub-cell regions. Step 12: Clean the ITO conductive layer after P1 is etched, treat it with plasma for 15 minutes, and then prepare the first transport layer, the perovskite layer and the second transport layer on its surface in sequence. Step 13: Perform dual-beam laser P2 processing on the second transport layer. The first beam is nanosecond green light with a spot size of 20 micrometers. The first beam sequentially cuts the second transport layer, the perovskite layer, and the first transport layer, exposing the conductive layer at the bottom. The second beam is picosecond green light with a spot size of 10 micrometers. The second beam defocuses and cuts the second transport layer, leaving the second transport layer intact and cutting off the perovskite layer and the first transport layer at the bottom of the second transport layer. The first beam is close to the location of the P1 groove, and the second beam is located between the P1 groove and the first beam, with one side of the second beam coinciding with the first beam. Step 14: Deposit a top electrode layer on the surface of the second transport layer, and perform laser P3 marking on the top electrode layer to complete the fabrication of the perovskite photovoltaic cell module; wherein, the obtained P3 groove sequentially cuts off the top electrode layer, the second transport layer, the perovskite layer and the first transport layer, exposing the conductive layer at the bottom, and the P3 groove is close to the location of the first beam.

5. The method for improving the stability of perovskite photovoltaic cell modules as described in claim 1, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: Step 21: The 6cm×6cm glass substrate with the prepared ITO conductive layer is cleaned sequentially with soap solution, deionized water, acetone and isopropanol. The ITO conductive layer is then laser-etched with P1 grooves, which divide the conductive layer into multiple sub-cell regions. Step 22: Clean the ITO conductive layer after P1 is etched, treat it with plasma for 15 minutes, and then prepare the first transport layer, the perovskite layer and the second transport layer on its surface in sequence. Step 23: Perform dual-beam laser P2 processing on the second transport layer. The first beam is red light with a spot size of 50 micrometers. The first beam sequentially cuts the second transport layer, the perovskite layer, and the first transport layer, exposing the conductive layer at the bottom. The second beam is picosecond green light with a spot size of 20 micrometers. The second beam defocuses and cuts the second transport layer, leaving the second transport layer on top and cutting off the perovskite layer and the first transport layer at the bottom of the second transport layer. The first beam is close to the location of the P1 groove, and the second beam is located between the P1 groove and the first beam, with one side of the second beam coinciding with the first beam. Step 24: Deposit a top electrode layer on the surface of the second transport layer, and perform laser P3 marking on the top electrode layer to complete the fabrication of the perovskite photovoltaic cell module; wherein, the obtained P3 groove sequentially cuts off the top electrode layer, the second transport layer, the perovskite layer and the first transport layer, exposing the conductive layer at the bottom, and the P3 groove is close to the location of the first beam.

6. The method for improving the stability of perovskite photovoltaic cell modules as described in claim 1, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: Step 31: The 6cm×6cm glass substrate with the prepared ITO conductive layer is cleaned sequentially with soap solution, deionized water, acetone and isopropanol. The ITO conductive layer is then laser-etched with P1 grooves, which divide the conductive layer into multiple sub-cell regions. Step 32: Clean the ITO conductive layer after P1 is etched, treat it with plasma for 15 minutes, and then prepare the first transport layer, the perovskite layer and the second transport layer on its surface in sequence. Step 33: Perform dual-beam laser P2 processing on the second transport layer. The first beam is red light with a spot size of 40 micrometers. The first beam sequentially cuts the second transport layer, the perovskite layer, and the first transport layer, exposing the conductive layer at the bottom. The second beam is picosecond green light with a spot size of 15 micrometers. The second beam defocuses and cuts the second transport layer, leaving the second transport layer on top and cutting off the perovskite layer and the first transport layer at the bottom of the second transport layer. The first beam is close to the location of the P1 groove, and the second beam is located between the P1 groove and the first beam, with one side of the second beam coinciding with the first beam. Step 34: Deposit a top electrode layer on the surface of the second transport layer by laser P3 marking to complete the fabrication of the perovskite photovoltaic cell module; wherein, the obtained P3 groove sequentially cuts off the top electrode layer, the second transport layer, the perovskite layer and the first transport layer, exposing the conductive layer at the bottom, and the P3 groove is close to the location of the first beam.

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