Dynamically adjustable banana straw smashing, scattering and returning machine

Abstract

The utility model belongs to the field of agricultural equipment, particularly relates to a dynamic adjustable banana straw smashing, throwing and returning machine, and provides the following scheme that the returning machine is composed of a three-point suspension device, a transmission device, a smashing device, an anti-winding device, a throwing device and a shell, and the transmission device is composed of a gearbox, a transmission shaft, a left gearbox and a right gearbox. The smashing device mainly comprises a smashing cutter shaft, a smashing cutter holder and an L-shaped anti-winding smashing cutter, the anti-winding device is composed of an anti-winding plate and an anti-winding cover, the banana straw smashing device solves the problems of uneven throwing of banana straw and anti-winding protection of key components, the double-sliding-cutting smashing fixed cutter is designed, cutting resistance is reduced, the banana straw smashing rate is increased, multi-stage speed increasing is designed, and the banana straw smashing efficiency is improved. The rotating speed of the crushing knife roll is increased, the scattering angle is controlled by selecting the scattering plate capable of adjusting the direction of the guide blades in real time, scattering is more uniform, and the crusher has the advantages of being simple and small in structure, low in price, high in crushing efficiency, more uniform in scattering and the like.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The utility model relates to the technical field of agricultural equipment, in particular to a dynamically adjustable banana straw crushing, scattering and returning machine to the field. Background Art

[0002] Banana stalks are the main byproducts of banana producing areas. The annual production of banana stalks in China is as high as 26 million tons. For a long time, most of the byproducts after banana harvest are abandoned in the wild, except for a small part used as fertilizer or burned as fuel, and naturally rot. The abandonment of a large number of banana stalks has caused great waste of resources and environmental pollution. Mechanized crushing and returning to the field is a green way to deal with banana stalks. The average diameter of banana stalks is 200mm and the height is over 2m. Banana stalks have thick fibers and strong toughness. Improving the operating efficiency of crushing and returning machinery, anti-entanglement performance and enhancing the uniformity of the returning machinery are mainly achieved through three aspects;

[0003] First, optimize the design of key components of banana straw crushing and returning machinery, enhance the crushing performance of the crushing and returning machinery, and completely crush the banana straw fibers;

[0004] The second is to design an anti-entanglement mechanical structure to prevent banana fibers from entanglement with key parts of the field return machinery and enhance the operating performance of the field return machinery;

[0005] The third is to design a spreading plate with left and right synchronously adjustable hydraulic cylinders, which can control the guide blades in real time to make the spreading more uniform. The research and development of a spreading plate with hydraulic cylinders can make the spreading more uniform, which is of great significance to the development of the banana industry. The utility model document proposes a dynamically adjustable banana straw crushing, scattering and returning machine. Utility Model Content

[0006] The utility model provides a dynamically adjustable banana straw crushing, scattering and returning machine to the field. An L-shaped sliding cutting anti-entanglement fixed knife blade curve is designed according to the dynamic sliding cutting angle principle. The sliding cutting fixed knife cooperates with crushing and multi-stage speed increase to improve the crushing knife roller rotation speed and double-axis transmission, and increases the crushing force of the crushing knife to optimize the design of key components of the banana straw crushing and returning machine, strengthen the crushing performance of the crushing and returning machine, and thoroughly crush the banana straw fibers. A crushing knife roller with a large diameter is selected, and an anti-entanglement plate is cooperated to increase the turning radius swept by the crushing knife roller during operation. An anti-entanglement cover is used for the connecting shaft that is severely entangled during operation to improve the anti-entanglement performance. A scattering plate with left and right synchronously adjustable hydraulic cylinders is selected, and the angle of the guide blade can be controlled in real time through the connecting rod, so that the uniformity, width and scattering distance of the crushed straw can be adjusted. In short, the utility model solves the operating efficiency of the banana straw crushing and returning machine, enhances the anti-entanglement performance of the returning machine, and the problem of scattering uniformity.

[0007] The utility model provides the following technical solutions:

[0008] The dynamically adjustable banana straw crushing and scattering machine mainly comprises a three-point suspension device, a transmission device, a crushing device, an anti-entanglement device, a scattering plate, a guide blade, an upper and lower synchronous adjustment hydraulic cylinder and a casing.

[0009] The tractor serves as a traveling power to pull the crusher forward through a three-point suspension device, and inputs power through a rear power input shaft to drive the crusher to operate.

[0010] The transmission device consists of a gearbox, a drive shaft, and left and right gearboxes. The rear power shaft of the tractor is connected to the gearbox of the banana straw crushing and returning machine. The power is transmitted to the drive shaft through the gear set in the gearbox. The drive shaft is connected to the left and right gearboxes, and the crushing knife roller is driven to operate through the spur gear sets in the left and right gearboxes to perform multi-stage speed increase.

[0011] The crushing device mainly consists of a crushing knife roller, a crushing fixed knife and an L-shaped anti-entanglement crushing knife. The crushing fixed knife is installed on the casing, and the L-shaped anti-entanglement crushing knife is installed on the crushing knife roller in a double spiral arrangement. The crushing knife roller is connected to the left and right gear transmissions. When the machine is running, the crushing fixed knife and the L-shaped anti-entanglement crushing knife will evenly crush the banana straw together.

[0012] The anti-entanglement device consists of an anti-entanglement plate and an anti-entanglement cover. The anti-entanglement plate is fixed on the crushing knife roller, and then the L-shaped anti-entanglement crushing knife is fixed on the anti-entanglement plate. The anti-entanglement cover is sleeved on both sides of the crushing knife roller and fixed on the left and right baffles.

[0013] The dynamically adjustable spreading device of the banana straw crushing, scattering and returning machine consists of a spreading plate, guide blades, an upper and lower synchronous adjustment hydraulic cylinder, and a left and right adjustment hydraulic cylinder device; the spreading plate is connected to the curved casing by a hinge, the upper and lower synchronous adjustment hydraulic cylinder is welded above the spreading plate, and the 8 guide blades are assembled in reverse in two groups on the symmetrical surface of the curved casing.

[0014] A hydraulic cylinder with synchronous adjustment up and down is installed on each side of the spreading plate. The shaft seat at the rear of the hydraulic cylinder is welded on the side wall of the curved casing, and the rear of the hydraulic cylinder can rotate around the shaft seat socket; the top of the single piston rod is connected to the shaft seat inside the spreading plate, and the single piston rod can rotate around the fixed axis inside the spreading plate; the single piston rods on both sides extend and retract under the action of hydraulic pressure, driving the spreading plate to rotate up and down on the fixed axis.

[0015] The left and right synchronous adjustment hydraulic device is welded on the spreading plate and rotates up and down with the spreading plate. The left and right synchronous adjustment hydraulic device includes a double-rod double-acting hydraulic cylinder, a connecting rod mechanism, a gear connecting rod mechanism and a triangular cam mechanism to control the movement of the guide blade.

[0016] The connecting rod mechanism directly drives the four triangular cams on the right side to move. The upper long rod of the connecting rod mechanism is connected to the hydraulic rod on the right side of the double-acting hydraulic device through a coupling. The lower long rod of the connecting rod mechanism is close to the upper surface of the triangular cam. The lower long rod and the upper long rod are welded with a common inclined beam, and the lower long rod and the triangular cam are connected with M10 big-head bolts.

[0017] It should be understood that the above general description and the following detailed description are merely exemplary and do not limit the present invention.

[0018] The beneficial effects of the utility model are as follows: the utility model solves the problems of low crushing rate, mechanical entanglement and uneven straw scattering of the banana straw crushing and returning machine, designs an L-shaped sliding cutting anti-entanglement fixed knife blade curve according to the dynamic sliding cutting angle principle, and the sliding cutting fixed knife cooperates with crushing and multi-stage speed increase to increase the crushing knife roller speed and dual-axis transmission, and increases the crushing force of the crushing knife to optimize the design of key components of the banana straw crushing and returning machine, enhance the crushing performance of the crushing and returning machine, and thoroughly crush the banana straw fibers.

[0019] Choose a crushing roller with a large diameter and use an anti-winding plate to increase the turning radius of the crushing roller during operation. Use an anti-winding cover to protect the connecting shaft that is severely entangled during operation to improve the anti-winding performance.

[0020] The scattering plate is hinged to the upper rear side of the casing, and its up and down rotation around the hinge axis is achieved by the extension and retraction of the hydraulic rods of the two single-rod piston cylinders in the upper and lower synchronous hydraulic adjustment device; the left and right synchronous adjustment hydraulic device is driven by the double-rod piston cylinder, and the left and right movement of the hydraulic rod drives the driving connecting rod mechanism and the gear connecting rod mechanism to drive the movement of the left and right guide blades; the uniformity, width and scattering distance of the crushed straw can be adjusted.

[0021] The invention has the advantages of simple and compact structure, low price, high crushing efficiency and more uniform scattering. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0022] Figure 1 It is an overall three-dimensional schematic diagram of the straw return to field mechanism.

[0023] Figure 2 It is the front view of the conveyor mechanism.

[0024] Figure 3 It is the front view of the crushing knife roller mechanism.

[0025] Figure 4 It is the front view of the spreading device mechanism.

[0026] Figure 5 It is a top view of the spreading device mechanism.

[0027] Reference numerals:

[0028] 1. Three-point suspension device; 2. Gearbox; 3. Crushing fixed knife; 4. Left gear gearbox; 5. Crushing knife roller; 6. Up and down synchronous adjustment hydraulic cylinder; 7. Casing; 8. L-shaped anti-entanglement crushing knife; 9. Guide blade; 10. Spreading plate; 11. Right gear gearbox; 12. Gear set; 13. Transmission shaft; 14. Anti-entanglement cover; 15. Anti-entanglement plate; 16. Hinge; 17. Triangular cam; 18. Rotating shaft hole; 19. Gear connecting rod mechanism; 20. Left and right synchronous adjustment hydraulic cylinder; 21. Connecting rod mechanism; 22. Arc groove. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0029] The embodiments of the present invention are described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention.

[0030] In the description of the embodiments of the present invention, it should be noted that, unless otherwise clearly specified and limited, the terms, "connection" and "installation" should be understood in a broad sense. For example, "connection" can be a detachable connection or a non-detachable connection; it can be a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium. In addition, "connection" can be a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium, wherein "fixed" means that the two are connected to each other and the relative position relationship after the connection remains unchanged. The directional terms mentioned in the embodiments of the present invention, such as "inside", "outside", "top", "bottom", etc., are only reference to the directions of the drawings. Therefore, the directional terms used are for better and clearer explanation and understanding of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than indicating or implying that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore cannot be understood as a limitation on the embodiments of the present invention.

[0031] Example 1

[0032] Reference Figure 1-5 As shown, a dynamically adjustable banana straw crushing and scattering mechanism for returning banana straw to the field mainly includes a three-point suspension device, a transmission device, a crushing device, an anti-entanglement device, a scattering plate, a guide blade, an upper and lower synchronous adjustment hydraulic cylinder and a shell.

[0033] The three-point suspension device 1 is a set of rods that connect the crushing and returning machine to the tractor. It is mainly composed of triangular suspension plates, pull rods, bow suspension plates and other rods. It supports the entire crushing and returning machine and inputs power through the rear power input shaft to drive the crusher to operate.

[0034] The crushing device mainly comprises a crushing knife roller 5, a crushing fixed knife 3, an L-shaped anti-entanglement crushing knife 8 and an anti-entanglement plate 15. The anti-entanglement plate 15 is installed on the crushing knife roller 5, on which the L-shaped anti-entanglement crushing knife 8 with a double spiral arrangement is installed. The crushing fixed knife 3 is installed on the casing 7. The crushing knife roller 5 is connected to the left and right gear transmissions. When the machine is running, the crushing fixed knife 3 and the L-shaped anti-entanglement crushing knife 8 together crush the banana straw evenly.

[0035] The transmission device consists of a gearbox 2, a transmission shaft 13, a left gear gearbox 4, and a right gear gearbox 11. The rear power shaft of the tractor is connected to the gearbox 2 of the banana straw crushing and returning machine. The power is transmitted to the transmission shaft 13 through the gear set 12 in the gearbox 2. The transmission shaft 13 is respectively connected to the left and right gearboxes. The crushing roller 5 is driven to operate through the two-stage speed increase through the spur gear sets in the left and right gearboxes. The multi-stage speed increase makes the crushing roller more efficient.

[0036] The anti-entanglement device consists of an anti-entanglement plate 15 and an anti-entanglement cover 14. The anti-entanglement plate 15 is fixed on the crushing knife roller 5, and then the L-shaped anti-entanglement crushing knife 8 is fixed on the anti-entanglement plate 15. The anti-entanglement cover 14 is sleeved on both sides of the crushing knife roller 5 and fixed on the left and right baffles. The crushing knife roller 5 with a large diameter is selected, and the anti-entanglement plate 15 is used to increase the rotation radius swept by the crushing knife roller 5 during operation, and increase the entanglement length of the banana straw fiber head and tail. The diagonal anti-entanglement plate 15 concentrates the uniform force of the crushing knife roller 5 on the already entangled banana fiber to the four anti-entanglement plate top corners, which is conducive to tearing off the entangled straw; the anti-entanglement cover 14 is used to protect the connecting shaft that is severely entangled during operation, which is conducive to improving the anti-entanglement performance.

[0037] The scattering plate 10 is provided with a left and right synchronous adjustment hydraulic cylinder 20, a connecting rod mechanism 21, a gear connecting rod mechanism 19, a triangular cam 17, an arc groove 22, and a rotating shaft hole 18. The top of the scattering plate 10 is connected to the spiral casing 7 by a hinge 16, and there are 8 guide blades 9 below to control the direction of scattering respectively. The guide blades are connected to the triangular cam, and the triangular cam 17 controls the guide blades 9 to move around the rotating shaft hole 18 in the arc groove 22. The triangular cams 17 are connected to the left and right synchronous adjustment hydraulic cylinders 20 through the left and right connecting rod mechanisms 21, so the left and right synchronous adjustment hydraulic cylinders 20 can correct the angle of the guide blades 9 in real time to make the scattering more uniform. The bottom of the scattering plate 10 is connected to the spiral casing 7 by the upper and lower synchronous adjustment hydraulic cylinders 6, and the angle of the scattering plate 10 can be adjusted to control the height of scattering.

[0038] In order to enable the scattering plate 10 to rotate up and down around the hinge 16, an up and down synchronously adjustable hydraulic cylinder 6 is installed on the left and right sides of the scattering plate 10 respectively, and the shaft seat at the tail of the hydraulic cylinder is welded on the side wall of the curved casing, and the tail of the up and down synchronously adjustable hydraulic cylinder 6 can rotate around the shaft seat plug hole; the top end of the single piston rod is connected to the shaft seat inside the scattering plate 10, and the single piston rod can rotate around the fixed axis inside the scattering plate; the single piston rods on both sides extend and retract under the action of hydraulic pressure, driving the scattering plate to rotate up and down on the fixed axis.

[0039] The dynamically adjustable banana straw crushing and scattering machine adopts a gear set double-shaft transmission; power is input from the rear input shaft of the tractor, increased by the gearbox 2 and transmitted to the corresponding left and right gearboxes through the transmission shaft 13, and then increased again by the gear sets inside the left and right gearboxes to drive the crushing roller 5 to rotate at high speed, meeting the operation requirements of the banana straw crushing and returning machine, and the power input to the gearbox 2 is converted into the direction of the input shaft through the meshing of two bevel gears, and the driven bevel gear rotates coaxially with the active spur gear, and the active spur gear drives the driven spur gear to drive the transmission shaft to rotate; the left and right ends of the transmission shaft 13 are respectively connected to the left and right gearboxes, and the internal gear set structures of the left and right gearboxes are the same. After being increased by three spur gears, the crushing roller is driven to rotate, thereby improving the qualified rate of banana straw crushing.

[0040] When the machine is running, the scattering plate 10 can adjust the guide blade angle in real time to make the scattering more uniform. When the right guide blade 9 deviates outward, the left and right synchronous adjustment hydraulic cylinders 20 will push the connecting rod mechanism 21 to the right. The connecting rod mechanism 21 is connected to the triangular cam 17. The connecting rod mechanism 21 will cause the triangular cam 17 to rotate around the rotating shaft hole 18 in the arc groove 22. The guide blade 9 is connected to the triangular cam 17, and then the guide blade 9 is rotated toward the middle, so that the right side is scattered more evenly. The connecting rod mechanism 21 moves to the right. Under the action of the left and right synchronous adjustment hydraulic cylinders 20, the gear connecting rod mechanism 19 will also move to the right. Under the action of the gear, the connecting rod will cause the triangular cam 17 to deviate to the left around the rotating shaft hole 18 in the arc groove 22, thereby causing the guide blade 9 to rotate toward the middle, so that the left side is scattered more evenly, thereby making the straw scattering more evenly.

[0041] During the working process, the tractor pulls the crusher forward, and the power is input through the rear power input shaft to drive the crusher to operate; the L-shaped anti-entanglement crushing knife 8 rotates clockwise at a high speed relative to the forward direction of the tractor. As the device moves forward, the crushing fixed knife 3 first cuts off the inclined banana straw, and cooperates with the fixed knife in the casing to pick up and crush the banana straw lying flat on the ground; by controlling the forward speed of the device and designing the outer dimensions of the crushing blade to reduce the radial length of the crushed banana straw block, thereby reducing the number of long fibers of the banana straw in the crushing chamber after crushing. The L-shaped anti-entanglement crushing knife adopts a double spiral arrangement, and the banana straw entering from different positions of the crushing entrance is evenly crushed, further The number of excessively long fibers of banana straw in the crushing chamber after crushing is reduced; the anti-winding plate 15 cooperates with the crushing knife roller 5, and the long straw fibers moving with the crushing knife cannot be connected end to end, and the crushed banana straw is thrown out as the crushing knife runs, and the scattering plate is hinged to the upper rear side of the casing, and the hydraulic rods of the two single-rod piston cylinders in the upper and lower synchronous hydraulic adjustment device are extended and retracted to realize the up and down rotation around the hinge axis; the left and right synchronous adjustment hydraulic device is driven by the double-rod piston cylinder, and the left and right movement of the hydraulic rod drives the driving connecting rod mechanism and the gear connecting rod mechanism to drive the left and right guide blades to move; the uniformity, width and scattering distance of the crushed straw can be adjusted, thereby completing the banana straw crushing and returning to the field operation.

[0042] The above are only specific implementation methods of the present invention, but the protection scope of the present invention is not limited to this. Any technician familiar with the technical field can easily think of changes or substitutions within the technical scope disclosed by the present invention, which should be included in the protection scope of the present invention. In the absence of conflict, the embodiments of the present invention and the features in the embodiments can be combined with each other. Therefore, the protection scope of the present invention should be based on the protection scope of the claims.

Claims

1. Dynamically adjustable banana straw crushing and scattering machine. It is characterized in that It comprises a three-point suspension device (1), a transmission device, a crushing device, an anti-entanglement device, a throwing plate (10), a guide blade (9), an upper and lower synchronous adjustment hydraulic cylinder (6) and a shell component; Wherein, the three-point suspension device (1) is used to connect to the tractor, provide power and support the entire mechanism; The transmission device drives the crushing device to operate through multi-stage speed increase; The pulverizing device comprises a pulverizing blade roller (5), a pulverizing fixed blade (3), an L-shaped anti-entanglement pulverizing blade (8) and an anti-entanglement plate (15), and is used for uniformly pulverizing banana stalks; The anti-entanglement device comprises an anti-entanglement plate (15) and an anti-entanglement cover (14) to prevent the banana straw from being entangled during the crushing process; The scattering plate (10) is connected to the spiral casing (7), and the uniformity and height of scattering are adjusted by synchronously adjusting the hydraulic cylinder (6) and the guide blades (9) up and down.

2. The dynamically adjustable banana straw crushing and scattering machine for returning banana straw to the field according to claim 1, It is characterized in that The three-point suspension device (1) is composed of a triangular suspension plate, a pull rod, and a bow suspension plate, and inputs power through a rear power input shaft to drive the crusher to operate.

3. The dynamically adjustable banana straw crushing and scattering machine for returning banana straw to the field according to claim 1, It is characterized in that The transmission device comprises a gearbox (2), a transmission shaft (13), a left gear gearbox (4) and a right gear gearbox (11), and transmits power to the transmission shaft (13) through a gear set (12), thereby driving the crushing knife roller (5) to operate.

4. The dynamically adjustable banana straw crushing and scattering machine for returning banana straw to the field according to claim 3, It is characterized in that The anti-entanglement plate (15) in the anti-entanglement device is fixed on the crushing knife roller (5), the L-shaped anti-entanglement crushing knife (8) is fixed on the anti-entanglement plate (15), and the anti-entanglement cover (14) is sleeved on both sides of the crushing knife roller (5) and fixed on the left and right baffles to improve the anti-entanglement performance.

5. The dynamically adjustable banana straw crushing and scattering machine for returning banana straw to the field according to any one of claims 1 to 3, It is characterized in that The scattering plate (10) is connected to the spiral casing (7) via a hinge (16), and the scattering height is adjusted by the coordinated action of the hydraulic cylinder (6) and the guide blade (9) which are adjusted synchronously up and down.

6. The dynamically adjustable banana straw crushing and scattering machine for returning banana straw to the field according to any one of claims 1 to 3, It is characterized in that The guide blade (9) is connected to a left and right synchronous adjustment hydraulic cylinder (20) via a triangular cam (17) and a connecting rod mechanism (21); the left and right synchronous adjustment hydraulic cylinder (20) achieves uniform scattering by correcting the angle of the guide blade (9).

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